#Polymer Solar Cell Market share

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Analysis of Polymer Solar Cell Market Future Demand, Progress Insight, Key Regions, Prominent Players

Research Nester assesses the growth and market size of the global polymer solar cell market which is anticipated to be on account of the increasing demand for renewable energy sources.

Research Nester’s recent market research analysis on “Polymer Solar Cell Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2037” delivers a detailed competitor’s analysis and a detailed overview of the global polymer solar cell market in terms of market segmentation by junction type, application, technique, and by region.

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Growing Integration of Graphene to Promote Global Market Share of Polymer Solar Cell

 The global polymer solar cell market is estimated to grow majorly on account of the widespread adoption of graphene-based materials in polymer solar cells. Graphene-based materials have been widely exploited due to their remarkable electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties for innovative energy conversion and storage devices such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, batteries, and solar cells. Graphene materials are very appealing to polymer solar cells due to their excellent transparency, conductivity, flexibility, and abundance. Additionally, graphene-based solar cells have recently seen a 20% drop in solar ray reflectance, suggesting a 20% increase in theoretical efficiency. The market is expanding at an accelerated rate since several graphene-based solar cell variations are now being investigated.

Some of the major growth factors and challenges that are associated with the growth of the global polymer solar cell market are:

Growth Drivers:

Expansion of the electricity generation industry

Increased efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells

Challenges:

The best plastic devices have an efficiency of little more than 8%, whereas silicon solar panels can achieve up to 18%, which is one of the biggest disadvantages of using polymer photovoltaics. Furthermore, its ability to harvest solar radiation and convert it into electrical power has substantially improved. Moreover, silicon has no known toxicity and is stable, limiting the broad use of polymer solar cells. 

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By junction type, the global polymer solar cells market is segmented into single layer, bilayer, bulk heterojunction, and multi-junction. The single layer segment is set to garner the highest revenue by the end of 2037 by growing at a significant CAGR over the forecast period.  The cost and ease of use of this segment are the primary advantages it offers. Single-layer polymer solar cells are easier to make and involve fewer components and processing steps than more complex designs like bilayer, bulk heterojunction, and multi-junction cells. The use of single-layer cells has expanded due to their greater scalability and lower production costs.

Additionally, single-junction OSCs, which employ a single layer as the active layer, have recently been able to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 18% by using bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layers made of wide-band-gap polymer donors (PDs) and narrow-band-gap small-molecule acceptors (SMAs).

By region, the Europe polymer solar cells market is to generate the highest revenue by the end of 2037. Europe was one of the biggest markets for solar PV technology, with installations of over 225.47 GW of solar power as of 2022, up from 109.98 GW in 2017. The region is working on several research initiatives to develop more flexible, less expensive solar panels that can be mounted on a variety of surfaces as a result of technology breakthroughs.

This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players which includes, InfinityPV, Epishine, Merck Group, Heliatek GmbH, NanoFlex Power Corporation, Brite Hellas S.A., Tata Power Solar Systems Limited, Pionis Energy Technologies LLC, JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd., Trina Solar Limited, and others.

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Organic Electronics Market Size, Growth Opportunities, Revenue Share Analysis, and Forecast To 2030

The Organic Electronics Market is projected to grow from USD 56.8 billion in 2023 to USD 184.8 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 18.4% during the forecast period (2024-2030). This rapidly evolving field promises to revolutionize the way we think about and use technology, offering new possibilities in flexibility, sustainability, and functionality. As the organic electronics market continues to grow, it is essential to understand its potential, challenges, and what the future may hold.

Organic electronics involve the use of organic (carbon-based) materials to create electronic devices. Unlike traditional silicon-based electronics, organic electronics are made from materials that are more flexible, lighter, and potentially more cost-effective to produce. These materials include polymers and small molecules that can conduct electricity, enabling the creation of a wide range of devices, from flexible displays and solar cells to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and transistors.

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Market Growth and Key Drivers

The global organic electronics market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key factors:

Advancements in Technology: Continuous research and development in organic materials have led to improved performance, stability, and manufacturing processes. This has made organic electronics more viable for commercial applications.

Demand for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Consumers are increasingly seeking out flexible, lightweight, and wearable devices. Organic electronics offer the perfect solution, enabling the development of bendable displays, foldable smartphones, and wearable sensors that are both functional and comfortable.

Environmental Sustainability: Organic materials are generally more environmentally friendly than their inorganic counterparts. They require less energy to produce and can be made from renewable resources, making them a key component in the push towards greener technology.

Growing Applications in Various Sectors: Organic electronics are finding applications across diverse industries, including healthcare, automotive, and energy. For example, organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) are being used in solar panels to provide a more sustainable energy source, while organic sensors are making strides in medical diagnostics.

Challenges Facing the Market

Despite the promising outlook, the organic electronics market faces several challenges:

Performance and Stability Issues: While organic materials have improved, they still lag behind inorganic materials in terms of performance, especially in high-temperature environments. This limits their use in certain applications where durability is critical.

Manufacturing Costs: Although organic electronics have the potential to be more cost-effective, current manufacturing processes are still relatively expensive and complex. Scaling up production to meet market demand while keeping costs low remains a significant hurdle.

Lack of Standardization: The field of organic electronics is still relatively young, and there is a lack of standardization in materials and processes. This can lead to inconsistencies in product quality and performance, which may hinder widespread adoption.

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Future Prospects

Despite these challenges, the future of the organic electronics market looks bright. Ongoing research and development efforts are likely to overcome many of the current limitations, making organic electronics more competitive with traditional technologies. Furthermore, as demand for flexible, sustainable, and innovative devices continues to grow, so too will the market for organic electronics.

Several emerging trends are expected to shape the future of this market:

Integration with IoT and Smart Technologies: As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, organic electronics will play a crucial role in the development of smart, connected devices. Their flexibility and low power consumption make them ideal for IoT applications.

Expansion into New Markets: Organic electronics are likely to find new applications in industries such as agriculture, where flexible sensors can monitor crop health, and in packaging, where smart labels can track product freshness.

Sustainability Initiatives: With increasing global emphasis on sustainability, organic electronics will be at the forefront of efforts to create more eco-friendly technologies. This could lead to greater investment in research and development, further accelerating market growth.

Conclusion

The organic electronics market is on the cusp of a major breakthrough, with the potential to transform the electronics industry as we know it. While there are still challenges to overcome, the benefits of organic electronics—flexibility, sustainability, and the promise of new applications—make it an exciting and rapidly evolving field. As technology continues to advance, and as the world increasingly prioritizes sustainability, the organic electronics market is poised for significant growth in the years to come.

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Conductive Polymers Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Conductive Polymers Market Overview

The Conductive Polymers Market size is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period 2024-2030 and reach US$8.6 billion by 2030. Conductive polymers are organic polymers capable of conducting electricity. They can be categorized into various types which include polyacetylene, polyaniline, polyfuran, polythiophene, polypyrrole and more. Conductive polymers are primarily used in the automotive industry for the production of LED lighting, sensors, batteries and other electronic applications. For instance, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, 85.4 million motor vehicles were produced globally in 2022, a 5.7% increase from 2021. An increase in automotive production along with the surging demand from the solar power industry is expected to drive the growth of the conductive polymers market size in the upcoming years. On the other hand, the low conductivity of conductive polymers may confine the growth of the market. The conductive polymers market is witnessing significant trends shaped by technological advancements and the demand for innovative electronic applications. With a growing focus on lightweight and flexible electronics, conductive polymers are gaining prominence. Applications in flexible displays, organic photovoltaics, and wearable electronics are expanding. Moreover, there's a surge in research for biocompatible conductive polymers, opening avenues in healthcare. Sustainability concerns are also driving the development of eco-friendly conductive polymers, reflecting a broader shift toward green technologies. 

𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞

Conductive Polymers Market Report Coverage

The “Conductive Polymers Market Report – Forecast (2024-2030)” by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments in the Conductive Polymers Market.

By Type: Polyacetylene, Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, Polythiophene, Polyfuran, Others 

By Synthesis Process: Chemical Synthesis and Electro Copolymerization

By Application: Solar Cells, Printed Electronic Circuits, Light-Emitting Diodes, Actuators, Supercapacitors, Sensors, Displays, Bio-Implants, Others

By End-Use Industry: Automotive (Passenger Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles, Heavy Commercial Vehicles), Aerospace (Commercial, Military, Others), Electrical & Electronics, Power Generation, Medical, Coatings, Others

By Geography: North America (USA, Canada and Mexico), Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark, Belgium and the Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Rest of Asia-Pacific), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile and the Rest of South America), the Rest of the World (Middle East and Africa)

Key Takeaways

• The polyaniline segment held a significant share in the Conductive Polymers Market in 2023. Its wide range of characteristics and excellent chemical resistance made it stand out in comparison to other types of conductive polymers in the market.

• Electrical & electronics industry held the largest share in the Conductive Polymers Market in 2023, owing to the increasing demand for conductive polymers required for the production of electronic components, such as displays, batteries, OLED, printing electronic circuits, actuators and other electronic components.

• Asia-Pacific dominated the Conductive Polymers Market in 2023, owing to the increasing demand for conductive polymers from the electrical & electronic sectors in the region.

• A detailed analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats will be provided in the Conductive Polymers Market Report.

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Colorless Polyimide Films Market worth $1,102 million by 2027

The report "Colorless Polyimide Films Market by Application (Flexible Displays, Flexible Solar Cells, Flexible Printed Circuit Boards, Lighting Equipment), End-Use Industry (Electronics, Solar, Medical), and Region - Global Forecast to 2027", is expected to grow from USD 96 million in 2022 to USD 1,102 million by 2027, at a CAGR of 60.0% during the forecast period. The key factor driving the colorless polyimide market include increasing demand from applications such as flexible displays, flexible solar cells, and flexible printed circuit boards owing to its excellent heat resistance and light transmittance properties.

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Excellent light transmittance of colorless polyimide films leading to its application in flexible displays

The colorless polyimide market has been segmented into flexible displays, flexible solar cells, flexible printed circuit boards, lighting equipment, and others, on the basis of application. Amongst these, the flexible displays segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2021. With digitalization, a significant amount of information is being consumed through electronic media such as mobiles and laptops and hence, consumers have presented demand for high-quality, convenient, and portable digital devices with advanced display designs. Designers are also looking for greater freedom in developing them and are moving away from traditional display designs to next-generation displays that are larger, thinner, lightweight, and flexible or foldable. As colorless polyimide combines the thermal resistance properties of polyimide resin with the optical performance of polymer products, it is a the forefront for making of flexible display cover windows.

Product innovation in the electronics industry presenting growth opportunities for the colorless polyimide films market

The colorless polyimide films market is segmented on the basis of end-use industry into electronics, solar, medical, and others. Out of them, the electronics segment is projected to dominate the demand for these films through the forecast period. Colorless polyimides provide excellent thermo-mechanical properties, have high chemical resistance, and are also optically transparent. These properties are suitable for manufacturing electronic components such as flexible displays and flexible printed circuit boards. With electronics companies constantly developing new products to attract potential customers, including the likes of foldable smartphones, flexible screen for laptops, and curved displays in televisions, the demand for colorless polyimides films is expected to grow during the forecast period.

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Asia Pacific is projected to register the fastest growth between 2022 to 2027

Asia Pacific is the dominant market for colorless polyimide films. Innovation, price deflation, and rising household incomes, especially in emerging markets in Asia Pacific, have resulted in high demand for consumer electronics products in the region. Electronics companies including Oneplus, Xiaomi, Samsung, and LG, present in Asia Pacific, are well-positioned in the field of flexible electronics and dominate their commercial applications. These companies have been at the forefront in the development of electronics with flexible design using colorless polyimide films in their components. With the demand for flexible electronics gaining traction, these companies are expected to boost the production of such devices. For instance, according to OMDIA, the shipment of flexible OLED panels is expected to grow by 10 times between 2022 and 2028. Owing to these factors, the market of these films is expected to be concentrated in the Asia Pacific region through the forecast period.

DuPont (US), Kaneka Corporation (Japan), Kolon Industries Inc. (South Korea), SK Innovation Co., Ltd. (South Korea), and Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd. (Japan) are the key players in this market. These players have adopted strategies such as expansions and new product development to enhance their position in the market.

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Global Top 9 Companies Accounted for 61% of total Quartz Fabrication market (QYResearch, 2021)

This report will focus on the fused quartz materials, such as tube, rod, ingot, etc.

Fused quartz is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. It can be produced through electrical fusion or flame fusion process. High purity fused quartz are mainly used in semiconductor, solar industry.

According to the new market research report “Global Quartz Fabrication Market Report 2023-2029”, published by QYResearch, the global Quartz Fabrication market size is projected to reach USD 1.74 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period.

Figure.   Global Quartz Fabrication Market Size (US$ Million), 2018-2029

Figure.   Global Quartz Fabrication Top 9 Players Ranking and Market Share (Ranking is based on the revenue of 2022, continually updated)

The global key manufacturers of Quartz Fabrication include Heraeus Holding, Tosoh, Hubei Feilihua Quartz Glass, Momentive Technologies, Jiangsu Pacific Quartz, etc.

In 2022, the global top four players had a share approximately 61.0% in terms of revenue.

About QYResearch

QYResearch founded in California, USA in 2007.It is a leading global market research and consulting company. With over 16 years’ experience and professional research team in various cities over the world QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and customized research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship, and our strong commitment to sustainability. Up to now, we have cooperated with more than 60,000 clients across five continents. Let’s work closely with you and build a bold and better future.

QYResearch is a world-renowned large-scale consulting company. The industry covers various high-tech industry chain market segments, spanning the semiconductor industry chain (semiconductor equipment and parts, semiconductor materials, ICs, Foundry, packaging and testing, discrete devices, sensors, optoelectronic devices), photovoltaic industry chain (equipment, cells, modules, auxiliary material brackets, inverters, power station terminals), new energy automobile industry chain (batteries and materials, auto parts, batteries, motors, electronic control, automotive semiconductors, etc.), communication industry chain (communication system equipment, terminal equipment, electronic components, RF front-end, optical modules, 4G/5G/6G, broadband, IoT, digital economy, AI), advanced materials industry Chain (metal materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, nano materials, etc.), machinery manufacturing industry chain (CNC machine tools, construction machinery, electrical machinery, 3C automation, industrial robots, lasers, industrial control, drones), food, beverages and pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, agriculture, etc.

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U.S. Solar Films Market Expansion: Exploring Market Penetration and Regional Opportunities

The U.S. solar films market size is anticipated to reach USD 1,404.5 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2023 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The U.S. market has increasing adoption of solar films across various industries and applications, including residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. This expansion is propelled by the growing awareness of renewable energy's significance in reducing carbon emissions and addressing climate change. In addition, favorable government incentives and policies, such as tax credits and rebates, continue to incentivize solar energy adoption, making solar films an attractive investment. Technological advancements in solar film materials and manufacturing processes have also improved efficiency and reduced costs, making them more accessible to a wider range of consumers. Furthermore, heightened environmental concerns, coupled with the desire to reduce energy costs and enhance energy security, are further propelling the adoption of solar films in the U.S. These factors collectively contribute to the robust and sustainable growth of the market.

U.S. Solar Films Market Report Highlights

Based on type, the encapsulation film segment held the largest revenue share of over 65% in 2022, due to its crucial role in protecting solar cells from environmental factors, ensuring the long-term durability and reliability of solar panels. Encapsulation films safeguard against moisture ingress and physical damage, making them an essential component in solar installations

Based on polymer type, the fluoropolymer film segment held over 64% revenue share in 2022, due to the exceptional durability and resistance to environmental stressors offered by fluoropolymers, making them well-suited for the demanding outdoor environment of solar panels

Based on thickness, the less than 100 mm segment held over 45% revenue share in 2022, due to the practicality and versatility of thinner solar films, which are lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective, making them a preferred choice for a wide range of solar applications

Based on film type, the clear (Non-reflective) segment held over 30% revenue share in 2022, due to its ability to seamlessly integrate into architectural elements while minimizing glare and maintaining aesthetic appeal, making it an ideal choice for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications and urban environments

In terms of application, the construction industry segment held over 56% revenue share in 2022, and the segment growth is driven by the construction industry’s growing focus on sustainability and energy efficiency. Solar films offer a versatile and cost-effective solution for energy generation and aesthetic enhancement, aligning with these industry priorities

Based on end-use, the commercial segment held over 39% revenue share in 2022, and the segment growth is driven by the commercial sector's increasing emphasis on sustainability, energy efficiency, and long-term cost savings. Solar films offer a practical and eco-friendly solution for businesses to achieve these goals while generating clean, renewable energy

In June 2023, First Solar launched the world's first advanced thin-film semiconductor bifacial solar panel, initiating a limited production run. This pioneering technology will be showcased at Intersolar Europe in Munich, Germany, through the pre-commercial Series 6 Plus Bifacial solar module.

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Based on type, the encapsulation solar film segment was a highly penetrated segment accounting for over 65% of the U.S. market share in 2022, due to its critical role in safeguarding solar cells from environmental factors. Encapsulation films provide essential protection against moisture ingress and physical damage, ensuring the long-term durability and reliability of solar panels. As the solar industry continues to expand, the demand for high-quality encapsulation materials remains strong, underscoring their significant market presence.

Based on polymer type, the Fluoropolymer segment held over 64% revenue of the U.S. market in 2022, due to its exceptional durability and resistance to environmental stressors. Fluoropolymers, such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), are well-suited for the demanding outdoor environment of solar panels, withstanding prolonged exposure to factors like UV radiation, extreme temperatures, and moisture. This durability ensures the long lifespan and reliability of solar installations, making fluoropolymer-based solar films the preferred choice for maximizing energy generation and ensuring the sustained success of solar projects in the U.S.

Based on thickness, the less than 100 mm segment dominated the market in 2022 with a revenue share of over 45%, due to the practicality and versatility of thinner solar films. These films are lightweight, flexible, and easier to install and integrate into various applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Their adaptability to different surfaces, such as windows, facades, and roofing materials, allows for seamless integration without compromising the aesthetics or functionality of structures. Thinner films are cost-effective and space-efficient, appealing to both residential and commercial solar projects, where maximizing energy generation and cost savings are paramount.

Clear (Non-reflective) was a highly penetrated film type segment due to its aesthetic appeal and suitability for various applications. Unlike reflective films, clear solar films are designed to maintain the appearance of architectural elements like windows, facades, and building surfaces while harnessing solar energy. This seamless integration into existing structures without altering their visual aesthetics makes clear solar films an attractive choice for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications. In addition, they mitigate issues related to glare and light pollution, particularly in urban areas, contributing to their preference for regulatory compliance and community acceptance, further bolstering their dominance in the U.S. market.

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"Diving Deep into the Specialty Polymers Market: Trends, Innovations, and Strategic Insights

Specialty Polymers: Harnessing the Power of Specialty Macromolecules for Next-Generation Technologies Specialty Polymers Overview

Specialty macromolecules, also known as engineering macromolecules, are a class of macromolecules that are specially engineered to have targeted physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for advanced applications. Though they only represent a small fraction of the total macromolecules market, specialty macromolecules command a significant revenue share due to their higher value and more niche end uses. Types of Specialty Macromolecules

There are several main types of specialty macromolecules classified based on their monomer makeup and resultant properties. Some of the major types include: Polyamides (Nylons)

Polyamides, best known by the brand name Nylon, are a class of thermoplastic macromolecules containing amide linkages along their polymer chains. They are known for their high strength, toughness, and relative durability compared to other plastics. Engineering polyamides such as Nylon 46 and Nylon 610 can withstand higher temperatures than commodity nylons. Fluoromacromolecules

Fluoromacromolecules contain strong carbon-fluorine covalent bonds which give them unique oil, chemical, heat and weather resistance properties. Popular fluoromacromolecules include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). They are used in applications requiring non-stick, low friction surfaces. Polyesters

Engineering polyesters such as liquid crystal macromolecules (LCP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) can be formulated with enhanced heat resistance, strength and rigidity over traditional polyesters. They are employed in automotive, electrical/electronic and consumer goods. Liquid Silicone Rubbers

Liquid silicone rubbers (LSRs) are two-part addition-cure silicone elastomers that vulcanize at room temperature. Their biocompatibility, stability and flexibility make them well-suited for medical, food and microfluidic device applications. Low compression set LSRs retain shape over time. Polyketones

Polyketones are a family of thermoplastics with high strength, heat resistance and chemical resistance derived from their ketone groups in the polymer backbone. They include comacromolecules like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) used in demanding mechanical and electrical end uses. Markets and Applications

Specialty macromolecules are developing across diverse markets driven by the need for advanced material performance. Some of the major application areas include: Automotive

In automotive, specialty macromolecules enable lightweighting through replacement of traditional metals. Nylons, PBT, polycarbonate and liquid silicone aid composites in vehicles. Use in engine components require heat resistance of PEEK and liquid crystal macromolecules. Electronics

Electronics rely on specialty macromolecules for miniaturization and reliability. PTFE, FEP, PET and PVDF bring dielectric, insulating properties. PBT molding aids housings. Semiconductor uses benefit from high heat resistance of PEKK and LCP. Medical

Biocompatible and non-leaching properties of silicones, nylons and PEEK suits medical industry. Implants, catheters, sensors and drug delivery use these. PEKK aids orthopedic devices. Silicones serve prosthetics, wound care and contact lenses. Infrastructure

Resistance to chemical, heat and environmental stress qualifies many macromolecules for infrastructure. PVDF and silicones protect coatings and paints. Dams, tunnels utilize durability of PTFE and polyketones lining. Other Developments

New technologies foster demand for high performance plastics. Renewable energy harvest requires specialty macromolecules in wind turbines, solar cells. Aerospace gravitates toward sturdy yet lightweight materials like PEKK, PEEK. Microfabrication leverages specialty silicones and fluoromacromolecules. As applications diversify, advanced macromolecules enable novel solutions. Future Prospects

The specialty macromolecules market is forecast to sustain strong growth over the medium term supported by their rising penetration across major end-use industries. Polyketones, liquid silicone rubbers and high-temperature polyamides will be key winning product types. The Asia Pacific region is expected to lead future demand growth driven by its large manufacturing industries. Robust R&D focus on bio-based and high-tech specialty macromolecules will further fuel new product innovations and market opportunities going forward.

In Summary, specialty polymers represent a fascinating realm of materials science, offering tailored properties and applications beyond traditional macromolecules. These advanced materials are engineered to meet specific performance requirements, such as enhanced durability, conductivity, or biocompatibility. From aerospace components to medical devices, specialty macromolecules play a crucial role in a wide range of industries, driving innovation and pushing the boundaries of what's possible.

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Polymer Solar Cell Market Size [2023-2030] | Industry - GlobeNewswire

Polymer Solar Cell Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Installation ( Roof-Mount, Ground Mount, Floating Power Plant, Portable, ... http://dlvr.it/SzpdQZ

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Polymer Photovoltaics Unleashed: Insights into the Growing Clean Energy Market

Polymer solar cells, also known as organic solar cells, constitute a distinctive category of flexible solar cells comprised of large polymeric molecules that harness the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity from sunlight. These cells are characterized by the use of organic molecules in their construction, offering features such as lightweight design, easy disposability, and molecular-level customizability. Among various types, stable amorphous silicon polymer solar cells, primarily composed of highly purified silicon crystals, are commercially prevalent. 

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However, the global polymer solar cells market has encountered significant challenges in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic-induced economic downturn led to a reduction in disposable income worldwide, resulting in diminished demand for electronics and electrical devices, thereby affecting the polymer solar cells market. Nationwide lockdowns forced the closure of businesses and contributed to a decrease in energy demand in commercial spaces like malls and offices, further impacting the market. Economic uncertainties and a lack of competitive financial solutions exacerbated challenges, and the shutdown of major production hubs, notably in China, added to the market constraints. 

Despite these challenges, the polymer solar cells market has been influenced by key factors, including the global trend towards sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources. Technological innovations have spurred a demand for cost-effective and easily fabricable photovoltaic solutions, with polymer solar cells emerging as a favorable choice. Their applicability on windows, walls, flexible electronics, and wearables, coupled with eco-friendly attributes, has propelled market growth. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to enhance the efficiency of polymer photovoltaic cells, addressing the increasing demand for clean energy. However, limitations such as lower thermal stability and an inability to sustain energy production for extended durations impede market growth. 

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The North American region dominates the polymer solar cells market, driven by a surge in renewable energy projects. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to experience substantial growth due to the presence of numerous electronics industries and a high demand for sustainable energy sources for electronic devices. 

Key Report Highlights: 

Analysis of global polymer solar cells industry trends and future estimations for investment decisions. 

Information on key drivers, restraints, and opportunities, accompanied by a detailed analysis of market share. 

Quantitative analysis of the current market scenario, depicting global polymer solar cells market growth. 

Porter’s five forces analysis illustrating buyer and supplier potency in the market. 

Detailed global polymer solar cells market analysis based on competitive intensity and future competition trends. 

E𝐧𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐲 𝐁𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐁𝐮𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 : https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/purchase-enquiry/11106  

Polymer Solar Cells Market: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2020–2027 

Aspects Details: 

Junction Types: Single Layer, Bilayer, Bulk Heterojunction, Others 

Applications: Consumer Electronics, BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics), Automotive, Defense, Others 

Regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, LAMEA 

Key Market Players: NanoFlex Power Corporation, Suniva Inc, Tata Power Solar Systems Limited, Alps Technology Inc, Pionis Energy Technologies LLC, Borg Inc., Itek Energy., Jinko Solar Holding Co. Ltd, Trina Solar Limited, Solar World AG, OPVIUS GmbH, Eni SpA, NanoFlex Power Corporation, Heliatek GmbH, Others 

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Colorless Polyimide Films Market Size 2023-2035

Global Colorless Polyimide Films Market Key Insights

During the forecast period of 2023-2035, the global colorless polyimide films market is expected to reach an estimated value of ~USD 29.6 Trillion by 2035, by expanding at a CAGR of ~63.5%. The market further generated a revenue of ~USD 84.9 Billion in the year 2022. Major key factors propelling the growth of colorless polyimide films market worldwide are the increasing utilization of polyimide as an alternative to glass layering on various things, including flexible displays, mobile phones, and so on, along with the increasing demand for flexible printed circuit boards.

Market Definition of Colorless Polyimide Films

Polyimide film is an electromagnetic insulation material with unique characteristics that can be utilized in a range of applications. Polyimide is a thermoplastic polymer designed for high-temperature applications. These films have a high dielectric strength and are extremely durable. Polyimide film is frequently self-adhesive. Colorless polyimide has excellent thermo-mechanical capabilities, is chemically resistant, and is highly transparent. Polyimide film is employed in applications that necessitate robust, long-lasting performance, often in extreme conditions. It can also be developed and modified to fulfil specific mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical parameters.

Global Colorless Polyimide Films Market: Growth Drivers

The growth of the global colorless polyimide films market can majorly be attributed to the growth in digitalization which is resulted in the increase of electronic products consumer ratio. For instance, worldwide, over USD 1.8 trillion was invested in digital transformation in 2021, and it is anticipated that this amount is anticipated to increase to almost USD 7 trillion by 2023. On the other hand, the market growth can also be attributed to several advancements in aerospace manufacturing technology, which are embarking the growth of the aerospace industry and are also projected to drive the market growth. For instance, the aerospace and military production business expanded approximately 8% in 2021 and is expected to further grow over 27% in 2022.

The global colorless polyimide films market is also estimated to grow majorly on account of the following:

Increasing demand for flexible solar cells

Rising consumption of consumer electronic products

Worldwide growth in chemical sector

Growing R&D investments

Surging usage of polyimide films owing to their features such as being lighter, thinner, and others

Global Colorless Polyimide Films Market: Restraining Factor

High production costs of polyimide films, along with high cost of trade are estimated to lower the demand for colorless polyimide films. Hence, this factor is expected to be the major hindrance for the growth of the global colorless polyimide films market during the forecast period.

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Global Colorless Polyimide Films Market Segmenation 

By End-Use Industry (Electronics, Solar, Medical, and Others)

The electronics segment, amongst all the other segments, is anticipated to garner the largest revenue by the end of 2035. The growth of the segment can be attributed to the growth of the electronics sector. Since, the demand for various electronic products has been rising, which is positively affecting the electronic sector. For instance, in 2024, the overall revenue of the worldwide consumer electronics sector is predicted to rise by around 7% to USD 769 billion. This is expected to further grow to nearly USD 840 billion in 2025 and USD 872 billion in 2026.

By Application (Flexible Displays, Solar Cells, Printed Circuits Boards, Lighting Equipment, and Others)

By Region

The Asia Pacific colorless polyimide films market is anticipated to hold the largest market share by the end of 2035 among the market in all the other regions. The significant upsurge in the chemical sector, along with substantial growth in industrial production, is anticipated to boost growth of the market size of colorless polyimide films in the region. For instance, China's industrial production in 2021 was around USD 4,866.75 billion, denoting a 27% increase from 2020. Moreover, the existence of key players in the region is another prominent factor which is anticipated to boost market’s growth in the region throughout the projected lifetime.

The market research report on global colorless polyimide films also includes the market size, market revenue, Y-o-Y growth, and key player analysis applicable for the market in North America (U.S., and Canada), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of Latin America), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of Asia-Pacific), Europe (U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Belgium, Netherlands & Luxembourg, NORDIC (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark), Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Turkey, Russia, Rest of Europe), and Middle East and Africa (Israel, GCC (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman), North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa).

Key Market Players Featured in the Global Colorless Polyimide Films Market

Some of the key players of the global colorless polyimide films market are Kaneka Corporation, SK Innovation Co., Ltd., KOLON INDUSTRIES, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Wuhan Imide New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Suzhou Kinyu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., NeXolve Holding Company, LLC, I.S.T Corporation, Wuxi Shunxuan New Materials Co., Ltd, and others.

[forblogmostly]

Vikas Ecotech Secures INR 200 Million Coal Supply Orders from Prism Johnson Limited

Vikas Ecotech Limited is delighted to announce the reception of orders amounting to approximately INR 200 Million for the supply of coal to the esteemed cement manufacturer, 'Prism Johnson Limited' (Cement unit II), which is promoted by the Rajan Raheja Group. The execution of this order will commence within the next 15 days and is scheduled for completion by 31 October 2023.

Vikas Ecotech Limited has been actively exploring business prospects within the Energy Segment, encompa08.ssing both traditional energy sources prevalent in India and the emergent domains of Renewable and Green Energy. The company has entered the conventional energy market through the supply of coal, a key energy source in India, with the intent to establish a solid presence in the Energy business segment. Concurrently, the company is also pursuing opportunities within innovative and futuristic Clean, Green, and Renewable Energy Materials and Products, including Solar, Gas, and cutting-edge Hydrogen Fuel Cells.

Opportunities in the Energy Segment: India's ongoing industrialization and urbanization are anticipated to place substantial demands on its energy sector and policy landscape. Despite India's energy consumption per capita being less than half of the global average, over 80% of the country's energy requirements are met by three conventional fuels: coal, oil, and solid biomass. Coal has long been a cornerstone of electricity generation and industrial expansion, maintaining its position as the predominant energy source. Simultaneously, oil and its imports have risen significantly due to increased vehicle ownership and road transportation.

While biomass, particularly fuelwood, constitutes a decreasing share of the energy mix, it remains prevalent as a cooking fuel. Despite progress in expanding the usage of LPG in rural regions, a significant portion of the Indian population, approximately 660 million individuals, still relies on traditional cooking fuels and technologies. Contemporary sources such as natural gas and renewable energy options have started gaining traction. Notably, solar Photovoltaics (PV) has experienced remarkable growth, with substantial resource potential and the convergence of policy support and technology cost reduction, positioning it as the most economical option for new power generation.

About Vikas Ecotech Limited:

Vikas Ecotech Ltd., headquartered in New Delhi, specializes in the production of Specialty Polymer & Specialty Additives and Chemicals for the Plastics & rubber industries. Its applications span diverse fields such as Agriculture, Infrastructure, packaging, electrical, footwear, pharmaceuticals, automotive, medical devices, components, and other consumer goods. The company holds the distinction of being the sole manufacturer of Organotin (Heat Stabilizers for Vinyl applications) in India, equipped with in-house R&D facilities. It is also one of the few global manufacturers with the capability to produce this product from Tin Metal to its final form. In addition to its core raw material businesses, Vikas Ecotech has expanded its product portfolio to include several consumer end-products, including Infrastructure Products like Steel Pipe Fittings and MDPE Pipes for Gas applications.

The company's securities are listed on BSE (Scrip Code: 530961) and NSE (Scrip Code: VIKASECO) stock exchanges.

[zeroloss]

Solar Windows Market Trends & Research Insights by 2032

The global solar windows market size was valued at $9.0 million in 2022, and solar windows industry is projected to reach $22.5 million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.6% from 2023 to 2032.

Key players in the Solar Windows industry are Glass to Power SPA, Solar Window Technologies, Inc., Helitech , Brite Solar, Ubiquitous Energy, Onyx Solar Group LLC., Poly solar, PHYSEE, Solaria Corporation, and Energy glass.

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The market for solar windows is expected to grow in both commercial and residential Sectors in the commercial sector, solar windows may be used in office buildings, hotels, and retail spaces, among others. These applications can provide energy savings, reduce the carbon footprint of the building, and enhance the overall sustainability of the facility, in the residential sector, solar windows can be used in homes, apartments and condominiums.

The abovementioned factors are projected to provide many opportunities for the development of the market. The appearance and durability of solar windows may be a limiting factor in their adoption for power generation.

The solar windows market forecast is segmented by solar cell type transparency type, application, and region. On the basis of solar cell type, the market is divided into thin film photovoltaics, polymer solar cell, and others. On the basis of transparency type, it is bifurcated into partial and full On the basis of application, it is classified into residential, commercial, automotive, and others. On the basis of region the market is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

On the basis of cell type, the thin film photovoltaics segment emerged as the global leader by acquiring more than two-fifths of the solar windows market share in 2022 and is anticipated to continue this trend during the forecast period.

A Solar  Market is a specialized type of window that is designed to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) technology such as transparent solar cells.

Solar windows are often used in commercial and residential buildings to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. They may also be used in building facades to create a more aesthetically pleasing and efficient solution than traditional solar panels.

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Transparent solar cells are more expensive than conventional solar panels as their production costs are still quite high. This is a result of the requirement for specialized manufacturing processes and materials, such as transparent conductive oxides and transparent electrodes.

Replacement of conventional windows

Conventional windows may soon be replaced by solar windows which are manufactured using transparent solar panels. Buildings may produce their electricity and become less reliant on the grid by adding transparent solar cells to their windows.

The solar windows market forecast is segmented by solar cell type, transparency type, application, and region. On the basis of solar cell type, the market is divided into thin film photovoltaics, polymer solar cell, and others.

As per solar windows market analysis, on the basis of cell type, the thin film photovoltaics segment emerged as the global leader by acquiring more than two-fifths of the solar windows market share in 2022 and is anticipated to continue this trend during the forecast period.

The surge in the demand for thin film photovoltaics in the solar windows market growth is primarily due to the increase in the demand for portable electronic gadgets.

he surge in the demand for BIPV is due to an increase in the incorporation of sustainable energy solutions into the building by the building owners. In addition, an increase in the utilization of wearable electronic gadgets also has a positive impact on the demand for fully solar windows.

The solar windows market for residential applications is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by an increase in demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions.

On the basis of region, Europe accounted for the largest market share in the market. There is a growth in solar windows market in Europe as more countries across the continent embrace renewable energy technologies to meet their climate goals. One of the key market trends in this sector is the increase in demand for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).

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Impact of Covid-19 on Global Solar Windows Market

The solar windows market trends is expected to see continued growth in the coming years despite the short-term disruptions caused by the pandemic. The increase in demand for sustainable building materials, combined with the growth in awareness of renewable energy, is expected to drive greater adoption of solar windows in both residential and commercial applications.

These efforts are focused on developing new materials and manufacturing processes that could help reduce costs and improve the overall performance of solar windows.

About Us Allied Market Research (AMR) is a full-service market research and business-consulting wing of Allied Analytics LLP based in Portland, Oregon. Allied Market Research provides global enterprises as well as medium and small businesses with unmatched quality of "Market Research Reports" and "Business Intelligence Solutions." AMR has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain. Pawan Kumar, the CEO of Allied Market Research, is leading the organization toward providing high-quality data and insights. We are in professional corporate relations with various companies and this helps us in digging out market data that helps us generate accurate research data tables and confirms utmost accuracy in our market forecasting. Each and every data presented in the reports published by us is extracted through primary interviews with top officials from leading companies of domain concerned. Our secondary data procurement methodology includes deep online and offline research and discussion with knowledgeable professionals and analysts in the industry.

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[spookysaladchaos]

Global Top 24 Companies Accounted for 42% of total Laboratory Chillers market (QYResearch, 2021)

Chillers generate chilled water, which is used to provide air conditioning in buildings. All building generate a lot of unwanted heat, whether is be solar heat gain from the sun beating down on it or from the occupants inside and the equipment they use.

This report focuses on Chillier for laboratory.

According to the new market research report “Global Laboratory Chillers Market Report 2023-2029”, published by QYResearch, the global Laboratory Chillers market size is projected to reach USD 0.45 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 4.3% during the forecast period.

Figure.   Global Laboratory Chillers Market Size (US$ Million), 2018-2029

Figure.   Global Laboratory Chillers Top 24 Players Ranking and Market Share（Based on data of 2021, Continually updated）

The global key manufacturers of Laboratory Chillers include Thermo Fisher Scientific, Yamato Scientific, JULABO GmbH, PolyScience, Peter Huber Kaltemaschinenbau, SP Industries, Inc, Cole-Parmer, VWR, LAUDA-Brinkmann, Zhengzhou Greatwall, etc. In 2021, the global top 10 players had a share approximately 42.0% in terms of revenue.

About QYResearch

QYResearch founded in California, USA in 2007.It is a leading global market research and consulting company. With over 16 years’ experience and professional research team in various cities over the world QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and customized research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship, and our strong commitment to sustainability. Up to now, we have cooperated with more than 60,000 clients across five continents. Let’s work closely with you and build a bold and better future.

QYResearch is a world-renowned large-scale consulting company. The industry covers various high-tech industry chain market segments, spanning the semiconductor industry chain (semiconductor equipment and parts, semiconductor materials, ICs, Foundry, packaging and testing, discrete devices, sensors, optoelectronic devices), photovoltaic industry chain (equipment, cells, modules, auxiliary material brackets, inverters, power station terminals), new energy automobile industry chain (batteries and materials, auto parts, batteries, motors, electronic control, automotive semiconductors, etc.), communication industry chain (communication system equipment, terminal equipment, electronic components, RF front-end, optical modules, 4G/5G/6G, broadband, IoT, digital economy, AI), advanced materials industry Chain (metal materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, nano materials, etc.), machinery manufacturing industry chain (CNC machine tools, construction machinery, electrical machinery, 3C automation, industrial robots, lasers, industrial control, drones), food, beverages and pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, agriculture, etc.

For more information, please contact the following e-mail address:

Email: global@qyresearch.com

Website: https://www.qyresearch.com

[blogaarti]

Tandem Solar Cell Market is Booming Across the Globe by Share, Size, Growth, Segments and Forecast to 2025

To optimize efficiency in the tandem solar cell market, companies have begun shifting from single-junction limits to a multi-junction configuration. Tandem solar cell are a new type of thin-film photovoltaic cells that consist of two or more cells that absorb the bulk of sunlight. Tandem-junction cells provide a higher module efficiency over their single-junction alternative as they can split the solar spectrum into multiple bands that are covered separately. This enables the surpassing of efficiency of single-junction solar cells that have nearly reached their theoretical limit. 

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Tandem Solar Cell Modules Raise Efficiency of Single Junction Devices by Several Notches

A desire to move away from fossil fuels coupled with greater investments in cleaner energy systems is expected to be the biggest driver in the tandem solar cell market. Although single junction devices are close to achieving the peak of photovoltaic efficiency, tandem solar cell modules can provide a significant boost. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the automotive, oil & gas, chemical, transportation, and aviation industries and they have either reduced production or halted it entirely in some cases. Even renewable energy projects did not get the attention they deserve due to the focus of policymakers being elsewhere. Naturally, this had had a cascading effect on R&D investment in the tandem solar cell market. 

Precise Manufacturing Sequence Compound Challenges Faced in Tandem Solar Market

While undoubtedly an exciting prospect, manufacturing complexities resulting in high costs remain a major challenge to be overcome in the tandem solar cell market. Tandem solar cell comprise a parallel connection of more than two cells. To manufacture a solar tandem cell, the technological sequence must be so precise that each succeeding step does not tamper with the previous one. When it comes to mass production, tandem solar cell have to navigate the limits of single cell efficiency. 

Hybrid Cells Hold Promise but Held Back in Tandem Solar Cell Market By Lower Efficiency

Tandem solar cell with silicone are more efficient than hybrid, organic, and non-organic cells. Silicon mixed in tandem with CIGS, CZTS, polymers, and perovskites produce highly promising results, boosting overall efficiency of the tandem solar cell. Hybrid tandem solar cell are created by fusing layers or elements of various PV technologies to convert energy across a wider spectral range. Hybrid tandem solar cell are ideal for flexible and semi-transparent modules but are still in the early commercialization stage on account of a lower efficiency. 

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Collaborations Underway to Make Perovskite-silicon Viable in Tandem Solar Cell Market

In North America, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is researching multiple hybrid tandem solar cell ventures in order to build viable and commercially ready prototypes. In 2020, NREL scientists collaborated with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology to develop commercial perovskite-silicon solar tandem cells over the next few years. Similar efforts are underway in Europe, especially in Germany as it seeks to bring perovskite-silicon into industrial production. Some companies profiled in this report on the tandem solar cell market are Saule Technologies, Tandem PV, Fraunhofer ISE, GreatCell Solar, Frontier Energy Solution, Oxford Photovoltaics, Xiamen Weihua Solar Co.,Ltd, Toshiba Corporation, Dyesol, and FrontMaterials. 

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Fairfield Market Research is a UK-based market research provider. Fairfield offers a wide spectrum of services, ranging from customized reports to consulting solutions. With a strong European footprint, Fairfield operates globally and helps businesses navigate through business cycles, with quick responses and multi-pronged approaches. The company values an eye for insightful take on global matters, ably backed by a team of exceptionally experienced researchers. With a strong repository of syndicated market research reports that are continuously published & updated to ensure the ever-changing needs of customers are met with absolute promptness.

[wisdomrays]

TAFAKKUR: Part 251

THE FUTURE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE ENERGY MARKET AND WHY WE NEED IT MORE THAN EVER

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

Our current source of energy is mostly fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable. In other words, they are finite resources and they will diminish significantly in future; hence, they will be very expensive to use and environmentally harmful to recover. In contrast, solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal, ocean, and hydro power are renewable energy resources, that is, they are constantly replenished and will not run out. Renewable energy is not only important for our energy needs but also has significant advantages over fossil-based energy resources in the protection of the environment. Besides, the environmental aspect of renewable energy also has a religious dimension, since preservation of the earth and its inhabitants is regarded as a duty for humankind.

Among these energy resources, solar energy is generally used for electricity generation or for hot water heating. It also finds uses in solar cooling, and in direct heating and lighting of buildings and homes. Solar panels are made of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The term “photovoltaic” means “converting light into electricity.” Solar energy technology has been around since the late nineteenth century. Yet, its share in energy production constitutes a very small fraction (less than 0.1%) of production around the world. This stems from the higher cost of electricity generation with solar panels in comparison to use of fossil fuels. In the US, electricity generated from PV cells costs $0.30 to $0.40 per kilowatt-hour while consumers pay only $0.10 per kilowatt-hour to the electric utility companies. Nonetheless, with recent advances in this technology, it will be possible in the near future to decrease the cost and make this technology viable for our energy needs as we face shrinkage in fossil fuels around the globe.

One of the factors that increases cost is the low power-conversion efficiency of current PV cells. The PV cells used in the market are mostly fabricated from silicon crystals and these cells show a power conversion efficiency of 15%. That means, 85% of photons go to waste when harvesting energy from sunlight. In fact, the theoretical limit of light harvesting in silicon-based solar panels is only 31% because of the low band gap of silicon, which only partially absorbs sunlight to form charge carriers in the device. To solve this problem, scientists have utilized three different crystals in a single PV cell to absorb more sunlight, and these studies have yielded a device efficiency of 37%. Just recently, scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, Colorado) and Boeing-Spectrolab have achieved a world-record conversion efficiency of 41% by using the same idea, establishing a new milestone in sunlight-to-electricity performance. Although such studies are very promising in this field, when it comes to production cost, these inorganic PV cells are still an expensive technology for power generation compared to fossil fuels.

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS

An alternative solution to decrease the cost is to use devices with lower power efficiency but a very low cost of production. Organic-based PV materials offer such an alternative with easy and fast production techniques such as solution processing and printing. Conjugated polymers (polymers with alternating single and double bonds in their polymeric backbone) are especially important in this regard, since they exhibit semiconductor properties. The best organic PV cell efficiencies reported in recent years are around 5%. This number must double in order for the cells to be used in solar panels, assuming that the cell displays high photostability and conductivity. Many research groups are now focusing on organic-based solar systems as an alternative technology to their inorganic counterpart.

Although we are all familiar with solar energy, most of us do not know how electricity is produced from sunlight. To show the mechanism for photovoltaic activity, one first should look into an anatomy of a typical organic PV cell which is shown in Figure 1. This cell is based on an organic PV cell. The organic layer is sandwiched in between two electrodes where light absorption and charge separation occurs. Typically, glass is used for support but plastic materials can also be used as alternatives. The anode is usually indium tin oxide (ITO) and the cathode can be aluminum, calcium, gold, or magnesium. The electrodes must be semi-transparent to facilitate light absorption. Specifically designed conjugated polymers are utilized for sunlight absorption, where the wavelength range of absorbed light may vary from ultraviolet-visible to near infrared depending on the material used in the device. The efficiency of the device is determined by the extent of light absorption, efficiency of charge separation, and charge diffusion to the electrodes. The morphology of the organic layer has been found to be very important for device characteristics and cell efficiency. In an organic PV, an electron is promoted from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level upon light absorption (Figure 2). This transition results in an electron-hole pair which is then separated by the electric field formed by the different ionization energy of electrodes (Φ). Therefore, the electron moves to the cathode and the hole moves to the opposite side. This process causes charge flow between the electrodes and hence electricity is generated in the process.

Despite all the improvements in organic PV technology, current cell efficiencies are still low for electricity generation. The stability of organic PV materials must be improved as most of them are prone to degradation by oxygen and humidity in the air. The large-scale production of organic solar panels is possible, and yet the feasibility of current methods has not been investigated extensively so far.

Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource of energy and is projected to have significant role in the energy market in near future. Funding in the field of solar energy has been increasing in recent years due to the increasing need for energy and the likely reduction of fossil fuels towards the end of this century. Yet, our research efforts are still not sufficient for the advancement of this technology.

IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Solar energy, like other renewable energy resources, is environmentally friendly. Its use should be promoted, as fossil fuels play a dominant role in the increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to be responsible for the increased rate of global warming and hence climate change. Global warming may cause rises in sea level and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. These changes may in turn increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and tornados. Other consequences may include higher or lower agricultural yields, glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, and species extinctions. Warming is expected to affect the number and magnitude of the events mentioned above; however, it is difficult to connect particular occurrences to global warming.

In any case, focusing on renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies is one of the best options to secure the future of our planet and all existing forms of life on it. Our effort should not only be due to the expected shortage of fossil fuels in future. Rather, it must be seen as a duty and moral act to save the environment since use of renewable energy resources has little or no negative impact on nature. Religious awareness and guidance in this area is necessary so that each individual may take active part in the protection and development of the environment. Much environmental degradation is due to our ignorance of what our Creator requires of us. People should be educated to realize that the conservation of the environment is a religious duty demanded by God. This fact is expressed in Qur’an in a number of places such as, “Do good, even as God has done you good, and do not pursue corruption in the earth. Verily God does not love corrupters” (Qasas 28:77), “And do not follow the bidding of the excessive, who cause corruption in the earth and do not work good” (Shu’ara 26:151–152), “And do not cause corruption in the earth, when it has been set in order” (A’raf 7:56). Any deliberate damage to the natural environment and its resources is a kind of corruption which is forbidden by Islam.

As Muslims, we should protect and preserve the environment because by doing so we protect the creatures which pray to God and praise Him. Although we do not know how they praise God, the Qur’an clearly points this out: “The seven heavens and the earth, and all beings therein, declare His glory: There is not a thing but celebrates His praise, and yet you understand not how they declare His Glory!” (Isra 17:44). Islam is established on the concept of good (khayr). Since it is scientifically proven that protecting the environment is of great significance for all animals and plants on earth, Muslims should see it as khayr. In the last two verses of chapter Zalzalah (99:7–8), God says, “And whoever does good an atom’s weight will see it then. And whoever does ill an atom’s weight will see it then.”

Protecting God’s creatures and the environment is a duty of humankind because human beings are the “agents” of God on earth. This task cannot be performed by other creatures. Therefore, as the Muslim community we should all commit ourselves to the preservation and to the protection of the environment. Surely, investing in and promoting improvement of the technologies based on renewable energy is one way to go.