#Parma Medical

[upennmanuscripts]

LJS 470 is a collection of medical recipes, folk remedies, charms, and spells, including a Hebrew translation of John of Parma's medical treatise, Practicella. Written in Siena in 1533.

🔗:

[brandwhorestarscream]

Imagine after Megatron puts the DJD out of everyone's misery the lost lighters find spooked and traumatized jet with one baby and another on the way. Just oh slag he didn't desert he was kidnapped for immoral purposes. Or worse he wax kidnapped while the war was stoll on and he ended up with decepticon high comand.

Should Tarn have an Autobot baby-mama captive on his ship? No. Does Megatron want to address it? Not really. It's a means of keeping Tarn in line. Also the mech is a good enough medic that he can be coerced into being useful.

Parma wishes the Unmaker would go back to ignoring him.

Idk if I'm stupid or what but. When you say Megatron puts the DJD out of their misery. Do you mean he kills them, leaving Pharma to deal with the aftermath? His newspark unraveling and floundering in light of their paternal sparkbond shattering? Or is Tarn still alive and Pharma is Megs' new way of keeping him under control?

Regardless, press F for mama. Hes having a rough time XD

[the-sum-of-many-poets]

idol kashi gyraf

of botanical wallpaper & mules for door handles

the manuscript spoke a second ago

so much brass

burle

merzbach love affair

escher concrete essay

concrete comma

complete naegeli

skeleton cuckoo on the shoulder

actually

on the villa of your shoulder

geese cliches

& conifers don’t mean so much

when you arrive home

the rucola won’t taste the same

in seven hours

take the medication

strap an airline friendly pillow to your giraffe neck

think of deep sea fish

think of the chasms they come from

think of parmesan from parma

wrapped in cotton

wrapped in your suitcase with nebbiolo & all of its nom de plumes

things are different on ober level

even the lauris nobilis

hedged into an over zealous moon

what beats inside of the tropical palm house

& the grumpy hedge of shonbrunn palace

hovers over the danube

waiting for the bells

the two of clubs is missing

usurped by the rita taxi business card

two worlds are missing in your jet lag

you write a letter home

wherever that is

catch up

come back to me when the ache for lecco is less overwhelming

the glimmer from the lake is on video loop

not beta

lost in the heyday of the eighties

still it hangs on to mtv’s

set in italy

set in vienna

alban berg sculpture sings to the skull of karlskirche

a song in the comb

decorated by a soldier passing time in the trenches

forsaken by such delicate things

last night he dreamt of idrija lace

& the carniolan honey bee

©️david sichler

[artemisbarnowl]

So just wondering basically whatever you can think would be good advice or insight or tips for someone wanting to move to Melbourne from the UK

Doesn't have to be limited to the likes below;

healthcare, prescriptions (I have a few chronic illnesses; nothing too serious, but I do need different medications etc), Visas, nominations, what sort of yearly wage/income would I need to be comfortable, taxes/insurance, bills, education (I don't have a family; but say I wanted to do a uni course, could ?); rent or buy, is a car needed, should I look into city living or suburb living, is it safe for a single female to move there & live on her own... and yeah just anything else you or anyone else can think of, l've never moved abroad before

Oh sis I'm sorry but as a native a lot of stuff like visas or healthcare for an expat I won't know about. I feel like the procedure is fairly similar to the UK in that you go to a gp first for scripts or any tests and referrals. We've got Medicare which is similar to NHS but I don't know when or how you can get a medicare card once you move here.

It depends where you are but I reckon you'd be fine to move and live alone (like misogyny is everywhere but it's not like women don't go anywhere alone), however living alone is EXPENSIVE, almost prohibitively so. The minimum wage for full time work is around 50k a year, or 900 a week before tax, rent for an apartment is at least 350 but that's for a studio that's small and likely old, or in the middle of nowhere where you need a car. The average "entry level" apartment in a major city is going to be around 600k and generally requires a 20% deposit. Repayments will vary with interest rates and size of mortgage. It's very common for people to live in share houses and it's not difficult to find women only ones but I haven't lived in a share house in over a decade so wont know much about good platforms or how the search goes.

Taxes are mostly automatic, your pay is taxes before you get it, sales tax is included in all prices where it's applicable, it's unlikely you'll have to pay additional at eofy unless you're earning a lot more (over 90k) and don't have private health insurance. You can study, but courses will be expensive as you likely won't be eligible for a commonwealth supported place which has reduced fees.

If you need a car depends on where you live. I recommend looking at job listings for things you'd likely be doing to get an idea of wages, and looking for housing/rent prices in different areas. Once you've picked a city, you've still gotta get a feel for where things are in relation to each other, what part of the city etc etc real estate dot com, seek, and the public transport website for each state can help with figuring distances and if you want a car. I don't THINK it's difficult for poms to move here as there are plenty and they do it all the time, there might be websites or forums to discuss common hurdles that can help.

Other important info: footy means one of 3 games (rugby league, rugby union, or AFL), the big beer is nearly always called a pint but the small ones change by state, it's a parma, "how are you?" is a hello type greeting that should be answered with a basic 'good thanks' and not the truth unless the asker is quite a good friend.

[stardate2603]

Fights and Reconciliations ( Worf x Reader )

git belongs to me

Worf had confessed to you one night that he had reservations about entering a relationship with you. And ever since those doubts stayed with you months after your conversation about said reservations. You tried to prove him wrong, but Worf didn't appreciate your attempts to soothe any fears he had about dating a human. After a few weeks, you crashed into your worst fight yet and Worf regretted every second, knowing his tone did not reveal how he felt about you but rather portrayed every reason why you were both incompatible.

He wished he hadn't risen to the argument so easily, his temper getting the better of him, sparking a night filled with silent fury on opposite ends of the bed. You would never kick him out of the bed, because despite everything, every harsh word spat in the heat of the moment, neither of you could have a decent night's sleep without each other. Even if it meant him sleeping on the sofa of your quarters, or vice versa.

Worf was caught off guard by your questions which felt more like an interrogation, spawned by a conversation you overheard during your break, and when he felt cornered he always became defensive, leading to the argument he was certain landed you under in the care of Doctor Crusher.

"Her external injuries are manageable. The internal injuries are - we're still finding them all."

Worf nodded in acknowledgment of Doctor Crusher's closing report, his eyes unable to glance away even for a second, your frighteningly still body filling him with unease and bringing his fears to the surface. Klingons were stronger than humans. It was a known fact. Klingons healed differently from humans. Also a fact.

Seeing you lying on the bed made it near impossible for Worf not to fear the worst.

"I am confident she will recover from this." Beverly's words of comfort meant nothing while you remained unconscious and Worf felt useless as he stared down at your body, finding new injuries as his eyes scanned you head to toe. And those injuries were the ones visible, external, and any internal were sure to be worse.

Days passed and Worf found himself drifting throughout his shifts on the bridge. His mind was struggling to focus on his work when all he could think about was you, dreading Beverly announcing your death.

Worf visited before his shift began, while he was on his break, and before he resigned to bed for the night, knowing you would argue that he should never let his work suffer. As a Klingon, he always felt a strong pressure to achieve excellence, and you understood it long before he confided in you about it, but you empathetic soul which allowed you to view the world from various perspectives and a highly valued member of the bridge.

And the bridge seemed so much bigger, empty, whilst you were gone.

Worf entered the medical bay after his shift for the fourth night in a row, Beverly knew better than to disturb him as he stood next to your bed. She had provided a chair for him, but the Klingon always stood, believing it was the best view of you. Worf grasped your hand gently, lacing your fingers as you did, bowing his head to kiss your knuckles.

"Jih parmaq tlhih." He murmured.

"Jih parma tsh. To you too." You whispered, causing his eyes to widen. "No wait. That didn't sound like you -"

"Close enough." Worf rested a hand on your cheek, before moving your hair away from cheek. "ChenmoHwI'."

"You're such a softie." Your dry lips formed a smile, and Worf chuckled. "QaparHa'qu'

"QaparHa'qu'." He bowed his head, pressing a kiss to your forehead and you closed your eyes as his lips lingered for a moment. "I will consult Doctor Crusher."

You held his hand, slowly letting go as he moved further away. "Okay." You whispered.

Worf returned moments later with Beverly who smiled brightly, thrilled you were awake, but you knew better than to expect an immediate release. And despite his wishes, Worf knew better than to expect this as well.

"So...tomorrow?" Beverly sent you a petulant glance and you held your hands up a little, "Alright, not tomorrow."

Worf rested his hands on the bed as he spoke to Beverly who knew he was the only one who could convince you to embrace the next few days of necessary bedrest, and you held your hands above your head, covering his hands, earning an emotional glance lasting mere seconds. Beverly smiled as she walked away after briefing Worf who held in a sigh of disappointment, and meeting your gaze with pursed lips.

"Don't pout. Or do. It'll give the crew something to talk about." Worf raised an eyebrow at your dazed state, a smile forming on his lips.

"Get some rest." His tone left no room for argument, seeing the exhaustion in your eyes after a lengthy fight for survival. Now was the time to recover. "I'll see you in the morning."

"Promise?"

"'Ach bangwI'." He bowed his head and you closed your eyes when he rested his forehead against yours.

"I'm sorry." You whispered, needing no elaboration as the towering Klingon knew exactly what you were referring to.

The argument that could've been the last you ever had.

"No need, chenmoHwI'. Get some rest."

"You need it more than I do." You remarked, seeing how exhausted his eyes appeared, despite how driven he appeared to everyone else. You always saw through him.

Worf kissed your forehead and you smiled softly, your eyes following him as he began to move away. "Goodnight."

Worf paused, looking back at you with a small smile. "'Ej qoghDaj, tlhuHqu'mo' qoy'pu'bogh."

You smiled fondly, your eyes following him as he left. You knew it was harder than an outsider believed for him to leave, but you knew he would rather stay until he knew you were back to full strength. Worf was a towering Klingon with a brooding presence, but you were always able to see beneath his tough exterior And Worf knew that no words had to be said between you, the argument about your biological incompatibility forgotten since your admittance to the medical bay began.

And despite your previous insecurities, you knew that during your recovery, Worf would be by your side, and waiting when Beverly delivered the news that you were discharged.

You approached the towering Klingon with a small smile, which he returned, along with a nod. His eyes told you everything you needed to know. Always.

The thought of losing you was enough to render him near useless. But having you alive, walking, talking, teasing him was the second greatest feeling in the world. The first? Well...that night you reminded him of what it was after over a week without feeling your touch over his skin, feeling the passion in your kiss. And Worf knew that his doubts could never change how he felt about you. Nor could he regret a single moment, finding it only made him treasure every second with you more, while wishing it would never end.

You were his forever and he was everything you needed and could ever crave. A Klingon and a human may not make sense to his species, nor yours, but to you and Worf, it meant everything and was everything. Your love knew no boundaries and Worf knew that no matter what the future held, he could fact it all if he had you right by his side.

[horsesarecreatures]

Left: My dad riding a donkey in Milano when he was a boy.

Right: A photo of Captain Giuseppe Del Prato that I found on my dad’s computer after he died. Giuseppe Del Prato founded a section of the National Alpini Association in Parma, where my dad served as a field medic (his infantry was made up of former prisoners by the way. He requested to join them because he wanted to serve outdoors, not in a hospital. He became good friends with all of them). I’m guessing this photo was dear to him because he was an Alpini at heart, and the photograph itself representative of the affectionate bond created between an Alpini and his mule. 

[abusedog]

WEIRD HEADCANONS   .

WHAT   THEY   SMELL   LIKE  .     CLEAN . roman tends to smell like fresh laundry and fresh air . day to day he uses slightly citric fragrances like acqua di parma and acqua di gio , opting for using stronger , more oceanic scents only for important business .

HOW   THEY   SLEEP  .      fetal position . he is the little spoon most of the time . he may also sleep on his belly from time to time . he doesn't move a lot at night unless he's having a nightmare , but he's a light sleeper unless he's medicated .

WHAT   MUSIC   THEY   ENJOY  .       he's not much of a music listener , but he prefers pop and rock to classical and instrumental . he comes from the MTV generation , so he always had his tv on , but now there's no music , just news .

HOW   MUCH   TIME   THEY   SPEND   EVERY   MORNING   GETTING   READY  .     a lot . at least as much time as shiv . sometimes more time than shiv . he's very indecisive on clothing despite most of the time all his suits look the same . he also strives to look effortless .

FAVORITE   THING   TO   COLLECT  .     bracelets . he almost never wears them but he has a TON of them , some are gifts , some are from his travels . he's more likely to use them when he's away from home .

LEFT   OR   RIGHT   HAND  .     ambidextrous . he uses more his right hand .

FAVORITE   SPORT  .      winter sports . especially skiing and snowboarding , which he learnt from a very young age . he also can ice skate as he tended to ask his nannies to take him to central park in winter .

FAVORITE   TOURISTY   THING   TO   DO   WHILE   TRAVELING  .     he sort of likes to get lost in some places , just be one more in crowd for a change . he also enjoys local markets and haggling for better prices .

FAVORITE   KIND   OF   WEATHER   .     in new york he enjoys sunny winter days . a respite from the cold , when everything feels cool but warm enough you can take a stroll without freezing .

WEIRD   /   OBSCURE   FEAR   THEY   HAVE  .     nosocomephobia . also known as fear of hospitals . he has it sort of in control , but he'll gone above and beyond to avoid them .

THE   ONE   CARNIVAL   /   ARCADE   GAME   THEY   ALWAYS   WIN   WITHOUT   FAIL  .     shoot the duck , he's not the best hunter in the family , but his aim isn't bad . 

tagged by : @cahroline thanks , bae ! tagging : @jmencken , @consumare , @sangwoochos , @4ger , @greenelight , @americanedpsycho , @kellm4n & whoever who may want to steal it .

[apesoformythoughts]

«For the ecclesiastically despondent Catholic, few forms of self-medication are as effective as a careful read through Owen Chadwick's The Popes and European Revolution (Oxford: 1981). When one realizes just how grim the situation looked from the vantage point of the late 18th century, our current woes, and the woefully inadequate leaders arrayed against them, appear comparatively manageable—not illusory, but less than lethal.

In 1768, for example, after a series of defeats and political humiliations, Pope Clement XIII issued a threatening edict against the Duke of Parma that was impossible to enforce, and the Englishman Horace Walpole, writing to gloat over the disaster to his friend Horace Mann in Florence, said "This is a crisis for the Court of Rome from which it will be impossible to recover." And again, after the death of Clement the following year, Walpole wrote Mann asking when the cardinals would elect "the last Pope."

Walpole was not without grounds for his belief. The man elected as Clement XIV was Lorenzo Ganganelli, whose papacy is best known for the suppression of the Jesuits, and who seems eerily contemporary in his style of churchmanship:

He remained for hours at his desk but he found it difficult to be responsible for even minor decisions, and was confronted with one of the most agonizing decisions which ever faced a Pope. He liked to be liked, shrank from displeasing, and therefore suffered temptation to say pleasant things to both sides and to procrastinate lest decision be unpleasant.

Sound familiar?

Walpole and similar-minded despisers of Catholicism rejoiced in the disarray in which the Church found herself in the early 19th century, but didn't and couldn't predict a Pope Pius IX, nor imagine how loss of temporal power could correlate with an increase of moral authority. So too it's worrisome, in our own time—when pride, sodomy, and the love of compromise have softened the episcopacy to a Ganganelli-like level of timidity—to contemplate the way forward. That's why it's nourishing, as Catholics, to have the consolation of history. Been there. Done that. Bought the hairshirt.»

— Paul Mankowski, SJ, in Diogenes Unveiled

[nina76trema]

After Surgery Diary #3

Random thoughts (because today I ache a little less)

Situation of my body: my throat is yellow, and sore at the touch. Around the yellow stain, there is a bluish/greenish border that continues down between my collar bones and forms a purple tear. So dramatic. My chin is yellowish as well and still has not recovered its sensitivity. Same for the bottom lip and the lower jaw. My period is over.

The medication I am taking at the moment:

30 mg codeine + 1 gr paracetamol every 6h (4 times a day)

20ml liquid Ibuprofen every 8h, if needed (always needed)

Special mouthwash to use at least twice a day.

I'm sustaining myself on smooth soups, smoothies and very mushy biscuits.

This morning I was feeling well enough to shower and shampoo my hair. The face is an itsy bitsy less swollen. My hair is now clean and wavy and I am wearing lipgloss. Now, on a feminine beauty scale that goes from 0 to 10, I am Romano Prodi with lipgloss. Which is a grade above what people from the city of Parma call a "gosino con la cipria". I have 0 intention of translating the expression.

I discovered that in order to lift my bum from the couch I need to believe that I can work magic. If I believe that, I can romanticise my life. I can find the spark to stop browsing to find some magic online in other people's work and look for it in my own life, within my own mind. So, to plagiarize the most controversial fantasy dead prince: "It seems I must be a witch". Lucky me I already own things like

And my cat looks like this

Note: The book by Marija Gimbutas, (1989) The Language of the Goddess: Unearthing the Hidden Symbols of Western Civilization is not a witchcraft book but a history essay about prehistoric Europe.

[oliviaphleb]

Master the Art of Phlebotomy: Top Training Programs in Cleveland, Ohio

With the healthcare industry constantly growing and evolving,‌ the demand for⁢ skilled phlebotomists is higher than ever. If ⁢you’re looking to master⁢ the art of ‌phlebotomy in Cleveland, Ohio, you’re in ⁣luck!‍ There are several top-notch training programs in the area that⁢ can ‍help ​you achieve your goals and kickstart your career in this exciting field.

Phlebotomy is the practice of drawing blood from patients for ⁤various laboratory tests, ⁣blood donations, or medical research. It requires attention to detail, ⁢excellent communication skills, and a steady hand. By enrolling in a reputable phlebotomy training⁣ program, you can gain the knowledge and skills⁣ needed to excel in this crucial healthcare role.

### Why Choose Cleveland for Phlebotomy Training Programs?

Cleveland, Ohio, is home to a thriving healthcare industry⁣ with numerous hospitals, clinics, and medical facilities that rely⁤ on skilled phlebotomists. The city offers a rich learning environment with access to real-world ⁤training opportunities and hands-on experience.

When searching for a phlebotomy‌ training program in Cleveland, it’s essential to consider⁣ factors such as accreditation, curriculum, faculty expertise, and job placement assistance. By choosing a program that meets ​these criteria, you can set yourself ⁢up ⁤for success in the competitive field of phlebotomy.

### Top Phlebotomy Training Programs⁣ in Cleveland, Ohio

1. **Cleveland Clinic School of Phlebotomy**

– Location: Cleveland, Ohio – Program Length: 10 weeks – Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency ‌for Clinical Laboratory ⁣Sciences (NAACLS) – Curriculum: The ⁣Cleveland Clinic⁢ School of Phlebotomy offers a comprehensive ​curriculum that covers⁣ phlebotomy techniques,‌ infection control, specimen processing, and medical terminology.⁤ Students receive hands-on training in a clinical setting to practice their skills ​under the guidance of experienced instructors.

2. **Ohio School of Phlebotomy**

⁣ ⁤ – ⁣Location: Parma,⁤ Ohio (near Cleveland) – Program Length: ‍6 ⁤weeks -‍ Accreditation: Ohio State Board of Career⁤ Colleges and ⁤Schools – Curriculum: The Ohio‍ School of Phlebotomy provides a fast-paced training‌ program that focuses on practical skills development. Students learn venipuncture techniques, patient care, and laboratory ​safety protocols. The program⁢ includes ​a​ clinical externship to provide real-world experience in a healthcare setting.

3. **Cuyahoga Community College Phlebotomy Certificate Program**

⁢ – Location: Cleveland, Ohio – Program Length: 16 weeks ⁤ – Accreditation: Higher ⁣Learning Commission – Curriculum: Cuyahoga Community College ​offers ⁤a comprehensive phlebotomy certificate program that ‌covers anatomy and ⁣physiology, medical ethics, and blood collection procedures. Students learn⁣ through a combination of ⁢classroom lectures, laboratory sessions, ‌and clinical rotations⁣ at local healthcare facilities.

### Benefits of Completing a Phlebotomy Training Program

– **High Demand**: Phlebotomists are in high demand across the healthcare industry, with job opportunities in hospitals, clinics, ⁣laboratories, and‍ blood donation centers. – **Competitive Salary**: Certified phlebotomists typically‌ earn competitive salaries, with opportunities ⁢for career advancement and ‌specialization. – **Flexibility**: Phlebotomy offers flexible work schedules, including part-time and evening shifts, making it a popular choice for those seeking work-life‌ balance.

### Practical Tips ‌for ‍Success⁣ in Phlebotomy Training

– **Practice Regularly**: Developing your phlebotomy skills takes practice, so make sure to practice venipuncture techniques regularly. – **Stay Current**: Stay⁤ informed⁣ about the latest industry trends and best practices by‌ attending workshops, seminars, and conferences. – ‍**Build Relationships**: Cultivate relationships with healthcare professionals and mentors in the ⁣field to gain valuable insights and networking opportunities.

### Conclusion

Mastering the art of phlebotomy requires dedication, hard work, and quality training. By ‍enrolling in a reputable phlebotomy training‌ program in Cleveland, Ohio, you ​can gain the knowledge​ and ⁢skills needed to succeed⁤ in ⁣this rewarding healthcare profession. Whether you choose the Cleveland‍ Clinic School of Phlebotomy,⁤ the ⁣Ohio School of Phlebotomy, or the Cuyahoga ⁤Community​ College Phlebotomy Certificate Program, you’ll be on ‍your way to a successful career as a phlebotomist in​ no time.

Remember to choose ‌a program that aligns with your ⁤career goals, offers hands-on training opportunities, and provides job placement assistance. With the right​ training and⁣ dedication, you can become a skilled phlebotomist and make a positive impact on patients’ lives every day.

https://phlebotomytechnicianschools.org/master-the-art-of-phlebotomy-top-training-programs-in-cleveland-ohio/

[nirmalatiwari]

MBBS in Italy

"Over the past 15 years, the appeal of pursuing MBBS in Italy has soared among Indian students. This trend took flight in 2009 with the introduction of medical programs taught in English by Italian public universities. Presently, around 13 public medical institutions, including prestigious universities such as Bari, Bologna, Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Messina, Milan, Milan-Bicocca, Naples Federico II, Padua, Pavia, Parma, Rome La Sapienza, Rome Tor Vergata, and Turin, offer English-medium MBBS degrees.

While select universities accept non-EU students into their English-taught programs, these medical schools are renowned worldwide for their academic excellence and affordability. Additionally, they present outstanding opportunities for residency programs, research endeavors, and clinical experiences across Europe and beyond, solidifying MBBS in Italy as a highly coveted choice for Indian students."

[kieron141-blog]

Stress Avoidance 10 Tips for Parma Florida moving companies my area

Moving out of your old home can feel like a complex task, but with the right ideas and checklist in place, you can make the process smoother and more organized. Whether you're moving for a job or starting a new chapter in your life, correct planning is key to ensuring a successful relocation. 1. Commence early: Start your preparations as soon as possible to enable ample time for all the needed tasks. 2. Develop a tailored project checklist: A detailed list of anything that requires to be done prior to, during, and after the move. This will help you to keep organized and ensure the most important parts are not neglected. 3. Research study your brand-new state: Familiarize yourself with the regulations, laws, and requirements of your brand-new state regarding housing, energies, transportation, and so on 4. Work with professional movers: Think about employing experienced movers who concentrate on long-distance relocations. Get several quotes and read reviews to discover reputable professionals who can handle your specific needs. 5. Declutter before packaging: Take this chance to declutter your belongings by getting rid of products you no longer requirement or use. This will reduce the overall volume of products being moved and conserve you time and money. 6. Load tactically: Label boxes plainly according to their contents and destination rooms in your new home. Load delicate items with additional care utilizing appropriate cushioning materials. 7. Alert important celebrations: Inform appropriate celebrations about your change of address, consisting of banks, utility companies, insurance companies, schools if relevant, and federal government companies. 8. Arrange crucial files: Keep important files such as recognition documents, medical records, financial statements firmly organized throughout the moving procedure for easy gain access to when required. 9. Arrange for energies transfer or cancellation: Contact utility business at both ends to set up disconnection at your existing home and connection at your brand-new home on moving day or quickly after. 10. Look after yourself during the move: Moving can be physically demanding and emotionally draining; keep in mind to take breaks when needed and prioritize self-care to stay stimulated and focused throughout the process. By following these top 10 ideas, you'll be well-prepared for your out-of-state move, guaranteeing a smoother shift and a favorable start to your new chapter.

https://amsaffordablemovingservices.com/moving-companies-my-area-parma/

[mokshconsultant]

MBBS in Italy for Indian Students 2024

MBBS fee in Italy significant rise over the past 15 years. This trend emerged in 2009 when Italian public universities introduced medical programs delivered in English. Currently, approximately 13 public medical institutions, such as the universities of Bari, Bologna, Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Messina, Milan, Milan-Bicocca, Naples Federico 11, Padua, Pavia, Parma, Rome La Sapienza, Rome Tor Vergata, and Turin, offer MBBS degrees in English. While a few universities admit non-EU students to English-taught programs, these medical schools are globally renowned for their academic excellence and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, they provide outstanding opportunities for residency, research, and clinical work in Europe and beyond, making MBBS in Italy an increasingly sought-after choice for Indian students.

Exploring the Merits and Demerits of Pursuing Medicine in Italy

Advantages of Studying Medicine in Italy:

• Italy boasts some of the oldest universities globally, with a rich history spanning up to 1000 years.

• Its universities consistently rank high globally, enjoying widespread recognition.

• The nation offers top-quality education at a reasonable cost.

• Graduates have the opportunity to establish a medical practice in Europe.

• Medicine and Surgery courses are available in the English language. • With MBBS in Italy aligning with the new NMC norms, Indian students can practice in India upon completing their medical education.

Disadvantages of Studying MBBS in Italy:

While Italy presents an attractive option for medical studies, there are certain drawbacks to consider:

• The IMAT Examination, a prerequisite for admission, poses challenges. With only one test center in India and limited slots, students may need to travel to another country for the exam.

• Due to the limited seats available for the IMAT exam, success rates are low. Important Note: Aspiring students should have a backup plan in case Italy is their first choice, as the limited availability of IMAT slots may lead to potential challenges. In such cases, admission opportunities in other countries might close after the release of IMAT results, possibly resulting in a loss of an academic year.

[wellpathin]

best PCD Parma Company in India

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[diggingforitalianroots]

Angelo LanFranchi, the H1N1 flu pandemic, and the granite mines

In my last post on this blog, I posed a theory that my ancestor, Angelo LanFranchi, immigrated to the U.S. in an effort to avoid the draft in the then-Kingdom of Italy. Since I can't (and won't) request the original documents from the State Archives of Parma, which has a series titled "Leva Militare," meaning "military draft," with a 209 pages of records from the Parma Draft office (1883-1915) due to COVID-19, there is something that I am apt to write during these times: a story about my ancestors and the H1N1 flu pandemic, incorrectly named the "Spanish flu," which lasted from 1918 to 1920. I would like to focus mainly on Angelo LanFranchi in hopes of answering why he moved, in 1918, from Barre to Avonmore, something which some of my cousins wouldn't answer because they weren't sure of the answer themselves, something which is no fault of their own.

Originally published on Apr. 16, 2020, on the WordPress version of this blog, in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic (in the U.S.), as the first deaths occurred in the U.S. in February and a national emergency was not declared until March.

As I noted on my last post, Angelo was born in Casola, Parma, in northern Italy, on September 6, 1896, and he came first to Avonmore in 1914 from Italy, where his sisters Barbara and Angelina were living. But, I didn't tell the other part of the story. Angelo then moved to Barre, Vermont, where he worked as a stone mason, also known as a stone cutter, from at least 1915-1918. [1] He was living at 408 North Main Street with his sister, Marietta "Marie", and his brother-in-law (and Marietta's husband), Giuseppe Berte. Like Angelo, Giuseppe also worked as a stone mason, working for the Kelly Brothers, [2] while his brother, Dino, also lived in the city, working for the Chioldi Brothers, on 308 North Main Street. [3] I'll focus on Dino, Giuseppe, and the others in another post, here is a photograph of where Giuseppe, Marie, and Angelo lived in Barre, a location which is still standing to this day:

While living there, Giuseppe and Marie, who had married sometime before September 1912, would have three children: Lina (b. 1915), Ketri (b. 1913)  and Ancilla (b. 1918) as shown in this 1919 photograph below. Lina is on the left side of the picture, Ancilla is in the middle, and Ketri is in the right side of the picture.

In later years, Giuseppe would be a bearer for his sister Ermalinda Berte, at her funeral, as would his brother Dino. He would be living in Barre, Vermont with his wife and two children, saying he needed he needed to stay there for "family support" rather than fight in Europe. [4] He noted, as an interesting aside to my last post, that he previously fought in the Italian military. Although Giuseppe, Marie, and their family, stayed put in Barre for a few more years, why did Angelo leave? The family story that he left because of dust in the stone mines, which is still a possibility, as a reason he came to Western Pennsylvania. After all, in 2000, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services concluded that " tiny crystalline rock particles found in granite dust can cause lung cancer," while OSHA has stated that workers who "inhale very small crystalline silica particles are at risk for silicosis – an incurable, progressively disabling and sometimes fatal lung disease." This is likely what Angelo was worried about, although they didn't have a term for that then.

As for the H1N1 flu pandemic, we know it first cropped up in Vermont in late September 1918, hard hitting the state capital of Montpelier and the city of Barre over the next few months. [5] The crisis peaked from October 15-30, with medical authorities lifting the statewide ban on public gatherings on November 8. This severe pandemic quickly spread across the country, with 50,000 Vermonters sickened by the virus and over 2,100 dying from its complications. One group were affected,  group apart from any other: granite workers, whose lungs were already weakened by silicosis, and industries were shut down, [6] with towns cancelling gatherings and meetings, travel in and out of Vermont banned on October 4. [7] As the pandemic, then called the "grippe," leveled out by late 1919, it had torn through the population "like a grassfire." It often struck without warning, whether running its course over three weeks for some and killing others in three days or less! Many years later, a granite monument was constructed in Barre's Hope Cemetery to commemorate those that died from the influenza. Ultimately, the flu would affect over 25 percent of the U.S. population, with the average life expectancy in the United States dropped by 12 years as noted by the National Archives.

Due to the fact that infection from the influenza was only reported "after the pandemic began," reliable data is unavailable currently, meaning that the brevity of the pandemic has to be determined using other information instead. We do know, however, that this pandemic was unique because it killed "many healthy 20- to 40-year-olds," while those who usually due of the flu are under five or over age 75, with those born in the years around 1889 most vulnerable. Like the current crisis, those who died directly or indirectly from the disease were under-reported, but for a different reason: to support pro-war propaganda during the U.S. war with Germany (World War I) under the Sedition Act of 1918, which prohibited any "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language"about the U.S. armed forces, U.S. government, flag, or anything else deemed "un-patriotic." While the origin of the H1N1 pandemic continues to be hotly debated, there is no question that the virus was a virulent one, from which most patients recovering after having a 3-5 day fever, although those affected were often worn down by the flu which attacked the lungs, caused terrible pains, delirium, high fever, and nausea, with people often dying from pneumonia. This unique virus hit New England hard, killing thousands, including 9,500 in the state of New York alone. While it is hard to know if Avonmore was like the communities across the U.S. that escaped the H1N1 virus, such as Fletcher, Vermont, the state of Pennsylvania was hard hit, especially Philadelphia. [8] Pittsburgh, only 33 and 1/2 miles from Avonmore, as the crow flies, originally dismissed mild cases of the disease, first reported by local papers on October 1, with hundreds of cases of influenza within a couple days, trying to take strains off hospitals by asking for people to care for the sick at home. There were over 4,400 cases by October 16, jumping to over 7,500 only a few days later. As the article on the Influenza Encyclopedia, put together by the University of Michigan Center for the History of Medicine and University of Michigan Library, gives some further notes about the state of the population:

By late-October, Pittsburgh residents were starting to get anxious over when the closure orders and gathering ban might be lifted. Saloon owners and wholesale liquor distributors were particularly eager to have state Health Commissioner Royer rescind his orders...Although Babcock failed in his attempt to have the bans lifted immediately, Royer offered hope they would be lifted in Allegheny County shortly so long as the infection rate continued to decline...Taking Batt’s report into consideration, on November 1 Royer announced that Pittsburgh might be allowed to reopen its places of amusement as early as November 4. Residents, and especially affected business owners, sighed in collective relief. Overnight, Pittsburgh’s great expectations were dashed when Royer abruptly announced that Pittsburgh would not be allowed to reopen until November 9...An industrial powerhouse with a large population, Royer dared not try to isolate the Steel City, especially during wartime. Instead, he issued a statement condemning the city’s actions as an invitation to lawlessness and disorder...Ultimately, Royer held true to his promise to lift the state-ordered bans on November 9...Other than these restrictions, Pittsburgh was once again free to return to life as usual [by late November]...Pittsburgh continued to experience cases of influenza and pneumonia throughout the rest of the winter...Overall, Pittsburgh experienced the worst epidemic of any major city in the United States. The average death rate for Eastern cities was 555 per 100,000. By contrast, Pittsburgh’s excess death rate was a whopping 807 per 100,000 people. The Steel City’s ordeal with influenza was even deadlier than that of Philadelphia (748) or Boston (710), two communities where influenza ran rampant in the fall of 1918. Despite advance warning and preparation, organized local leadership, and efficient allocation of resources, Pittsburgh fared horribly during the crisis...It is also possible that Pittsburgh’s high death rate was in part due to the city’s notoriously poor air quality during the time...Combined with the delay in closing schools, Pittsburgh’s pollution may have contributed to the severity of its bout with influenza in 1918.

That brings us to the question about my ancestor, Angelo. I need not read an epidemiologic study or survey of the of the influenza to ask if this crisis affected him. The below draft card, dated June 5, 1918, lists his address as "Waterman Box 54 PA," birthplace as Parma, employer is J & C.C & J Co. in Waterman, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. He also lists his nearest relative as is mother, Adelaide in Casola, Parma, Italy, and is noted as not currently a US citizen. [9]

This record means that Angelo did not flee Barre to move to Avonmore, immediately, at least, with Waterman about 24 miles away from the town. While the CDC's timeline for the H1N1 influenza notes that in March, "outbreaks of flu-like illness are first detected in the United States," spreading sporadically across the U.S., Asia, and Europe over the six months to follow. It also notes that a second wave hit the U.S. between September and November, which was "highly fatal, and responsible for most of the deaths attributed to the pandemic." In the spring and winter of 1919, there was a third wave of influenza which kills may others, subsiding in the summer. For Pennsylvania, it first began to take root in the state in September 1918, and as the PA Department of Health noted,

Unlike seasonal flu, which mostly threatens the health of the very young and elderly, the Spanish Flu caused serious illness and death in otherwise young, healthy people...The Spanish Flu pandemic affected almost every part of American society. With one-quarter of the US infected, it was impossible to escape from the illness. As the disease spread, schools and businesses emptied. Telephone, mail, and garbage collection services stopped as workers became ill and could not do their jobs.

Furthermore, from October 1918 onward, the flu roared through Western Pennsylvania, sickening tens of thousands in Allegheny and Westmoreland County, with 2,000 dying in Westmoreland County alone. [10] Since Avonmore sits on the edge of Westmoreland County, Angelo was lucky he didn't die from the flu, part of one of the many families in the state which were affected by the pandemic, with the context of how your ancestors survived the pandemic likely described in newspaper accounts.

While there are, sadly, no original records of noting how Angelo, his immediate or extended family, dealt with the pandemic and their thoughts at the time, there is no doubt that it affected him and those nearby in ways that he probably couldn't imagine. In order to understand, fully, why Angelo ended up in Avonmore, its important to first look back at what was happening in Barre, involving the Bertes, Chioldis, and many other interconnected families, which will be focus of either the next or an upcoming post on this blog.

© 2020-2023 Burkely Hermann. All rights reserved.

Notes

[1] Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1917, p. 92; Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1916, p. 92; Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1915, p. 94; Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1918, p. 107; Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1914, p. 93. The 1914 city directory does not list him, but could either because he arrived early in 1914 and the city directory is issued early that year, or because he wasn't living in Barre until 1915. In all of these records, he is listed as "Lanfranchi, Angelo." His January 13, 1915 Declaration of Intention to becoming a U.S. citizen rightly describes some of his particulars (five foot 7, blue eyes, brown hair, 160 pounds, born in Parma, Italy) and the ship he came on are correct, but it incorrectly states he was living at 405 North Main Street in Barre, when he actually only lived at 408 Main Street during his time in the city.

[2] Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1916, p. 41, 230-231

[3] Ancestry.com. U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Barre, Vermont, City Directory, 1915, p. 36.

[4] Registration State: Vermont; Registration County: Washington; Roll: 1984100 Source Information Ancestry.com. U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls. Imaged from Family History Library microfilm.

[5] Feeney, Vincent. “Spanish Flu Hit Vermont Hard in 1918.” Burlington Free Press. September 18, 2015. https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/local/2015/09/18/spanish-flu-vermont-1918/32561715/; Bushnell, Mark. "Then Again: In an age before antibiotics, a killer epidemic struck Vermont." Vermont Digger. March 8, 2020. https://vtdigger.org/2020/03/08/then-again-in-an-age-before-antibiotics-a-killer-epidemic-struck-vermont/; “History of 1918 Flu Pandemic.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 21, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-commemoration/1918-pandemic-history.htm; "Pandemic flu preparedness." Vermont Department of Health. State Government of Vermont, January 22, 2020. https://www.healthvermont.gov/immunizations-infectious-disease/influenza/pandemic-preparedness.

[6] Frederick, Keith. “Workforce Continuity During a Pandemic: Is Your Business Ready?” Disaster Recovery Journal, February 6, 2020. https://drj.com/journal/workforce-continuity-during-a-pandemic-is-your-business-ready/. As the Disaster Recovery Journal notes, "during a pandemic, absenteeism rates can climb to as high as 20-50 percent due to employee illness, caring for sick family members, fear of contagion, or lack of medical, public, or transportation resources." Although this is referring to what could happen in the present, back in 1918, the absenteeism rates were likely higher.

[7] Feeney, Vincent. “Spanish Flu Hit Vermont Hard in 1918.” Burlington Free Press. September 18, 2015. https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/local/2015/09/18/spanish-flu-vermont-1918/32561715/; Viglienzoni, Cat. "Terrible times: Remembering the 1918 flu pandemic's impact on Vermont." WCAX3. March 27, 2020. https://www.wcax.com/content/news/Terrible-times-Remembering-the-1918-flu-pandemics-impact-on-Vermont-569164611.html; Picard, Ken. "Recalling the Flu Pandemic of 1918." Seven Days Vermont. February 28, 2018. https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/recalling-the-flu-pandemic-of-1918/Content?oid=13143570; Thibault, Amanda. "This Place in History: 1918 Flu Pandemic." mychamplainvalley.com. November 15, 2018. https://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/this-place-in-history-1918-flu-pandemic/; Brundage, John F., and G. Dennis Shanks. “What Really Happened during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic? The Importance of Bacterial Secondary Infections.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 196, no. 11 (December 1, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1086/522355. The Feeney post is an excerpt from his book "Burlington: A History of Vermont's Queen City."

[8] Gray, Richard. "The places that escaped the Spanish flu." BBC News. October 24, 2018. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181023-the-places-that-escaped-the-spanish-flu; Almond, Douglas. “Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long‐Term Effects of In Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post‐1940 U.S. Population.” Journal of Political Economy 114, no. 14 (August 2006). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/507154.

[9] Pennsylvania; Registration County: Indiana; Roll: 1893240; Draft Board: 2; Ancestry.com. U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005; United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls. Imaged from Family History Library microfilm.

[10] One local historian, Thomas Soltis, even wrote a 23-page bound book titled "The 1918 Influenza Pandemic," published by the Westmoreland Historical Society. There is also a slightly cheaper digital copy.

[problogsposts]

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