#PMSM

[thunderlina]

Puella Magi Madoka Magica: Magia Exedra (2024)

[puellatransparents]

Matsuri Hinata Transparents from the Magia Archive

[ Source ]

Requested by @gorochuva

[sydstra247]

🚇: C151 (PMSM) 065/066 #c151 #c151smrt #cityhallmrt #editedusingsnapseed #editedwithsnapseed #googlesnapseed #googlesnapseededits #kawasakiheavyindustriesc151 #pmsm #smrttrains #川崎車両 (at City Hall MRT Station) https://www.instagram.com/p/CoRp9jWhe4C7TIjRslmehWvehu8nd6xegMaQrE0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[jdengineeringworksdelhi]

Testing video of a 7.5KW 500RPM 220VAC Single Phase Permanent Magnet Generator/Alternator (PMG) - J.D. Engineering Works

"J.D. Engineering Works" is Delhi's top manufacturer and exporter of Permanent Magnet Generators/Alternators. We have more than 40 years of PMG manufacturing experience. We manufacture and export Permanent Magnet Generators/Alternator (PMG), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), low rpm permanent magnet generators, axial flux PMG, high-speed permanent magnet alternators, wind turbine alternators, hydro turbine generators, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), induction alternator, and gearless elevator motor.

This is a testing video of a 7.5KW 500RPM 220VAC Single Phase Permanent Magnet Generator/Alternator (PMG). If anyone wants to buy a customized Single Phase or Three Phase Permanent Magnet Generator/Alternator (PMG) then contact us.

If you want to know more about the price and specification of Permanent Magnet Generator/Alternator (PMG), visit our website or call on +919582345931, +919873699384, +919999467601, or mail us at sales@pmsgen.com

[1966828fdc]

看看好工作，分享给朋友

[marleyfans]

HVLS fans in Hyderabad

HVLS fans are becoming increasingly popular in Hyderabad due to their ability to provide efficient cooling solutions. These fans are designed to move large volumes of air at low speeds, creating a comfortable environment without the need for high energy consumption. HVLS fans can be used in a variety of settings, such as commercial buildings, warehouses, factories, and even residential homes. With the help of these fans, businesses in Hyderabad can reduce energy costs while providing a comfortable environment for their customers and employees.

HVLS Fans Manufacturer & Supplier in India | Marley HVLS Fans

2nd floor, 26/9 & 29/9a, Quthbullapur Village, 

Industrial Development Area (CIE Expansion) 

Gandhi Nagar Quthbullapur Mandal, 

Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana – 500 055

+91 7416 874 507

+91 7416 878 070

[microcare-group]

Microcare is a well-reputed name for providing the most durable and robust rotor sleeve manufacturers on the market today. It is an important part of most of the motos and pumps today. Not just rotor sleeves but we are experts at manufacturing, supplying, and exporting a wide range of pump and motor parts such as LTB bushes, castings, solar components, forgings, diffusers, impellers, etc.

[shrirangenterprises-blog]

Bharat Bijlee Motors

Shri Rang Energy Efficient is are the leading Bharat Bijlee motor dealer and distributor in India. We offer the best brands of Siemens, Crompton, Havells and Bharat Bijlee motors that meet our clients' requirements. Shri Rang Energy Efficient is one of the leading Bharat Bijlee motor dealers in Ahmedabad. We offer a wide range of high-quality Bharat Bijlee products. All of our products are certified to meet its standards. We have a team of experienced sales engineers who can help you choose the right product for your needs.

BBL Motor Dealers

At our company, we pride ourselves on being able to provide customized solutions to our customers while maintaining a cost-effective product range as BBL motor dealers. Our strong customer focus approach allows us to constantly strive for top-quality service and products, which in turn has helped us maintain our leadership position in the market.

Key Features of our Bharat Bijlee Motors are listed below:

High performance

Longer assistance life

Prominent Quality

Sensible Cost

Low Maintenance

Exact Usefulness

Ready Stock

Well educated staff

Fast inquiry full fill approaching process

Salient features of Energy Efficient Motors:

Near uniform efficiency from 50% to 100% of full load.

Insulation class F. Temperature rise limited to 70°Cover ambient of 50°C.

Voltage variation: ±10%

Frequency variation: ±5%

Combined variation: ± 10%

Enclosure: IP55.

A brief information of our different electric motors range is given below:

Low Voltage Motors

Motors for Safe Area application in the efficiency series of IE2 and IE3, ranging from 0.12 to 355 kW. Higher kW can be offered upon request.

The SynchroVERT® Series presents a variety of motors that are ideal for safe areas, with output power ranging from 2.2 kW to 45 kW. These 1500 RPM low-speed PMSM motors boast IE4 efficiency, meaning they're some of the most efficient models on the market.

Hazardous Area Motors are classified into two types: Flame Proof (FLP) Ex‘d’ motors and increased Safety Ex ec motors.

FLP motors are available in standard, IE2 and IE3 efficiency series and have a power rating of up to 200 kW. On the other hand, increased Safety Ex ec motors are available in IE2 and IE3 efficiency series and have a power rating of up to 355 kW.

We offer a range of crane duty motors up to 400 kW and brake motors up to 22kW. We also have special application motors like cane unloader motors, textile motors and railway auxiliary motors.

Medium Voltage Motors

We offer a variety of Medium Voltage Motors ranging from 120 kW to 1000 kW, 11kV in both Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) and Closed Air Circuit Air Cooled (CACA) arrangements. With such a wide range of options available, we're sure to have the perfect motor for your needs!

Our electric motors are designed to meet the specific needs of our clients and are suitable for use in a variety of industries.Our electric motors are available in a wide range of power ratings and sizes to suit your specific requirements. We also offer customization options to ensure that our products meet your unique needs. If you are looking for an electric motor that is reliable, efficient, and durable, then Bharat Bijlee motors is the right choice for you. Contact us today to learn more about our products and services.

Get in touch

Contact : 9099959998

Email : support@shrirangenterprise.com

Visit site

[puellatransparents]

Suzune Amano Transparents from the Magia Archive

[ Source ]

Requested by @gorochuva

[biaather]

Discover Bia Ather Showroom in Bangalore - Premium Electric Scooters

Bangalore, the bustling tech hub of India, is rapidly transforming into a hub for electric mobility, and at the forefront of this revolution is Ather Energy. Known for its cutting-edge technology and commitment to sustainable transportation, Ather offers premium electric scooters that blend performance with eco-friendliness. If you're searching for an Ather showroom in Bangalore, you're about to embark on a journey toward a greener future.

Why Choose Ather Electric Scooters?

Visit BIA Ather Showroom Today!!!

Get in Touch with Us!!!

Book Your Favorite Ather Scooter Today!!!

Ather Energy has distinguished itself in the electric vehicle (EV) market by offering high-performance scooters designed to meet the needs of urban commuters. The Ather 450X, their flagship model, is a marvel of engineering. With features like a 7.0-inch touchscreen dashboard, over-the-air updates, and a top speed of 80 km/h, it’s no surprise that Ather scooters are gaining popularity across Bangalore.

Performance: The Ather 450X is powered by a robust 6 kW PMSM motor that offers a thrilling riding experience. It accelerates from 0 to 40 km/h in just 3.3 seconds, making it one of the fastest electric scooters in its class.

Battery and Range: Equipped with a 2.9 kWh lithium-ion battery, the Ather 450X offers a real-world range of up to 85 km on a single charge, ensuring that you can confidently navigate the streets of Bangalore without range anxiety.

Smart Connectivity: The Ather app allows you to monitor the scooter's health, navigate using Google Maps, and even locate nearby charging stations. This seamless connectivity makes owning an Ather scooter a truly smart choice for tech-savvy riders.

Locate an Ather Showroom in Bangalore

If you're eager to experience Ather's premium electric scooters firsthand, visiting an Ather dealership  in Bangalore is the best way to start. Ather's showrooms are designed to offer an immersive experience, allowing you to explore the technology, take a test ride, and learn more about the future of urban mobility.

Ather Space, Indiranagar: Situated in the heart of Bangalore, Ather Space in Indiranagar is the flagship showroom that offers a complete experience. From exploring the cutting-edge features of the Ather 450X to interacting with knowledgeable staff, this showroom ensures you make an informed decision.

Ather Showroom, Whitefield: For those living in East Bangalore, the Ather showroom in Whitefield is conveniently located. With the same high standards of service, this dealership ensures that you can experience the best that Ather has to offer without traveling far.

Advantages of Buying from an Ather Dealership in Bangalore

When you choose to buy from an Ather dealership in Bangalore, you’re not just purchasing a scooter; you’re investing in a superior ownership experience. Here’s why:

Comprehensive Test Rides: Ather dealerships offer extensive test rides, allowing you to experience the performance, handling, and comfort of the Ather 450X in real-world conditions.

Expert Guidance: The staff at Ather dealerships are well-trained to provide detailed insights into the scooter’s features, financing options, and after-sales services. They will guide you through every step of the process, from choosing the right model to understanding the maintenance requirements.

Seamless Financing Options: Ather dealerships in Bangalore offer flexible financing solutions to make owning an electric scooter easier than ever. With options like zero down payment and attractive EMI plans, switching to electric mobility has never been more accessible.

Ather Charging Infrastructure in Bangalore

One of the biggest concerns for electric vehicle owners is access to charging infrastructure. Ather Energy has addressed this by establishing a robust network of Ather Grid charging points across Bangalore. These fast-charging stations are strategically located at malls, cafes, tech parks, and other key locations to ensure that your Ather scooter is always charged and ready for your next ride.

Ather Grid Locations: Ather has installed multiple charging stations throughout Bangalore, including areas like Koramangala, Indiranagar, Whitefield, and more. These charging points can charge your Ather scooter from 0% to 80% in just 50 minutes, providing you with the convenience of quick top-ups during your daily routine.

Home Charging Solutions: Ather also provides a home charging solution, allowing you to charge your scooter overnight with ease. The compact, weather-proof charging unit can be installed in your parking space, ensuring that your scooter is always fully charged and ready for the day ahead.

Find an Ather Dealership Near You

Book Your Favorite Ather Scooter Today!!!

Searching for an Ather dealership near me? Ather’s dealership network is expanding rapidly across Bangalore, making it easier than ever to find a showroom close to your location. With multiple dealerships spread across the city, you’re never far from expert advice, service, and support.

North Bangalore: Ather dealerships in Yeshwanthpur and Hebbal serve the northern part of the city, offering convenient access for residents in these areas.

South Bangalore: If you reside in areas like Jayanagar or JP Nagar, you’ll find Ather dealerships within a short distance, ready to cater to your needs.

Ather Showroom in Mangalore

Ather Energy's presence isn't limited to Bangalore alone. For those residing in coastal Karnataka, the Ather showroom in Mangalore offers the same premium experience. Whether you're in Mangalore for work or leisure, visiting the Ather showroom gives you the opportunity to explore the future of electric mobility in person.

The Mangalore showroom is designed to provide customers with a comprehensive experience, from test rides to understanding Ather’s innovative features. The knowledgeable staff at the showroom are always ready to assist, making your journey toward electric mobility as smooth as possible.

Service and Maintenance at Ather Dealerships

Owning an Ather scooter isn’t just about the initial purchase; it’s also about the ongoing experience. Ather dealerships in Bangalore are equipped with state-of-the-art service centers that ensure your scooter remains in peak condition throughout its life.

Regular Maintenance: Ather scooters require minimal maintenance compared to traditional petrol scooters. However, regular check-ups and software updates ensure that your scooter continues to perform optimally.

OTA Updates: One of the unique features of Ather scooters is their ability to receive over-the-air (OTA) updates. This means your scooter can get performance upgrades and new features without you having to visit the service center.

Extended Warranty: Ather dealerships offer extended warranty options, giving you peace of mind and protecting your investment in the long run.

Conclusion

Switching to an electric scooter is not just a trend; it's a smart, sustainable choice for the future. With Ather Energy leading the charge, Bangaloreans have the opportunity to experience premium electric scooters that offer unparalleled performance, connectivity, and convenience. Whether you're searching for an Ather showroom in Bangalore or exploring dealerships near you, Ather Energy provides a superior customer experience from start to finish.

[belriseindus]

Powering The Future: Understanding EV Motor Technologies

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity worldwide, and as the demand for these vehicles increases, there is a greater need for efficient and reliable electric motors. When it comes to EV motors, the below three main types are widely used: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), Induction Motors, and Brushless DC Motors. 

Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it important for an Automobile company to choose the right motor for their EV vehicles.

EV Motors & Their Types

Let’s start by understanding the basic functionality of these motor types and how they drive the EV industry. Essentially, an electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, propelling the vehicle forward. All motors consist of a rotor, a stator, and a set of windings. As electric current flows through the windings, a magnetic field is created. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the stator, resulting in the rotation of the rotor, which powers the electric vehicle.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs):

PMSMs are the most commonly used motors in EVs. They are known for their efficiency, reliability, and long lifespan. PMSMs generate a rotating magnetic field using a permanent magnet, which interacts with the stator coils to produce the electric current that powers the motor. PMSMs strike an optimal balance between efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. They are also relatively easy to manufacture, contributing to lower overall costs.

Induction Motors:

Induction motors are a more budget-friendly option compared to PMSMs, but they tend to be less efficient and have a shorter lifespan. These motors create a rotating magnetic field through the stator coils, inducing a current in the

rotor. The resulting current generates a magnetic field that interacts with the stator field to produce torque. Induction motors are suitable for budget-conscious EV buyers as they offer adequate performance for most driving conditions, though they may not be as efficient as PMSMs.

Brushless DC Motors:

Brushless DC motors are the most efficient type of motor available but also the most expensive. They utilise a DC motor with a controller to generate a rotating magnetic field that interacts with the stator coils, producing the electric current needed to power the motor. These motors are primarily used in high-performance EVs such as Tesla’s Model S Plaid. Despite being more costly, brushless DC motors offer superior efficiency compared to induction motors.

Key Factors in Choosing Motors for EV Segment Vehicles

Now, let’s explore the steps involved in the motor selection process, highlighting the key factors that automobile companies take into account.

The motor selection process involves a series of steps that enable automobile companies to make informed decisions. Let’s examine the factors, which contribute to achieving the desired outcomes for EVs.

Cost Considerations:

Cost is a significant factor in the motor selection process. Automobile companies aim to strike a balance between performance requirements and affordability to ensure their EVs are competitive in the market. Factors such as motor manufacturing costs, economies of scale, and potential long-term savings in maintenance and operating expenses are carefully considered. By selecting a cost-effective motor, automobile companies enhance the overall viability and market competitiveness of their EVs.

Battery Compatibility:

Selecting a motor that is compatible with the EV’s battery system is crucial for seamless integration and efficient power transfer. Factors such as voltage, current, and charging capabilities are taken into account to ensure proper alignment between the motor and battery. Compatibility ensures optimal performance, longevity, and efficient utilization of the battery’s capabilities.

Power Rating:

Determine the power requirements of your application to select a motor that can handle the workload effectively. Consider factors such as load demands, duty cycle, and potential future expansions or changes that may impact power requirements.

Torque Rating:

Assess the torque requirements of your application to ensure the motor can provide sufficient force to move the load. Consider factors such as load characteristics, starting torque requirements, and potential variations in torque during operation.

Efficiency:

Choose a motor with higher efficiency to minimise energy consumption and reduce operating costs. Look for motors that adhere to recognized efficiency standards such as NEMA Premium or IE3.

Performance:

Evaluate various performance factors such as speed, acceleration capabilities, precision control requirements, and noise level. Tailor your motor selection to meet the specific demands of your application effectively.

Warranty and Customer Support:

Opt for a motor from a reputable manufacturer that offers a warranty and good customer support. A longer warranty period provides peace of mind and protects your investment.

By considering these factors, Automobile companies select electric motors, ensuring optimal performance, longevity, and a successful outcome for your motor-driven EV.

The Future of EV Motor Manufacturing

As the demand for EVs continues to rise, the development of more efficient and reliable electric motors becomes paramount. The EV motor manufacturing industry is experiencing rapid growth, with numerous companies striving to develop innovative motor technologies.

Some key trends in EV motor manufacturing include:

Embracing Lighter and Stronger Materials: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Vehicle Weight

One of the prominent trends in EV motor manufacturing is the adoption of lighter and stronger materials. By incorporating advanced materials such as high-strength alloys, carbon fibre composites, and lightweight polymers, manufacturers can significantly reduce the overall weight of EV motors. This reduction in weight has a twofold benefit: it enhances the efficiency of the motor and contributes to the overall weight reduction of the vehicle.

Lighter EV motors require less energy to propel the vehicle, resulting in improved energy efficiency and extended driving range. Additionally, reduced vehicle weight translates to lower energy consumption, allowing EVs to maximise their battery capacity and minimise charging frequency. By embracing lighter and stronger materials, manufacturers are pushing the boundaries of efficiency and redefining the possibilities of electric mobility.

Adopting More Efficient Manufacturing Processes: Driving Down Costs and Enhancing Production Efficiency

In the quest for more affordable and accessible EV motors, manufacturers are investing in the development and implementation of more efficient manufacturing processes. Advanced automation technologies, such as robotics and machine learning, are revolutionising the production lines, streamlining operations, and reducing manufacturing costs.

By automating repetitive tasks and optimising production workflows, manufacturers can achieve higher levels of precision, consistency, and productivity. This, in turn, contributes to cost reduction, making EV motors more affordable for consumers. Furthermore, efficient manufacturing processes allow for greater scalability and faster production, enabling manufacturers to meet the growing demand for EV motors in a timely manner.

Developing New Motor Designs: Enhancing Performance and Efficiency

The pursuit of better performance and efficiency is at the core of EV motor development. Manufacturers are continuously exploring new motor designs and configurations to unlock the full potential of electric propulsion. These innovative designs focus on maximising power output, improving torque characteristics, and minimising energy losses during operation.

For instance, some manufacturers are exploring advanced magnet technologies, such as rare-earth magnets and magnetised laminated cores, to enhance the magnetic field strength and overall motor efficiency. Others are integrating advanced control systems and algorithms to optimise motor performance in real-time, allowing for dynamic adjustments based on driving conditions.

Additionally, the development of compact and integrated motor designs is gaining traction. By integrating multiple components and subsystems into a single unit, manufacturers can reduce the size, weight, and complexity of EV motors while maintaining or even enhancing their performance and efficiency.

These developments in motor design hold tremendous potential for the future of electric vehicles. As EV motors become more sophisticated, we can expect increased power, improved acceleration, and enhanced overall driving experience, all while maximising energy efficiency and range.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the evolution of electric vehicle motor technologies is shaped by the adoption of lighter and stronger materials, the implementation of more efficient manufacturing processes, and the development of new motor designs. 

These trends not only enhance the efficiency and performance of EV motors but also contribute to the affordability and accessibility of electric vehicles for a wider audience. As the electric revolution accelerates, we can look forward to even more groundbreaking innovations that will propel us towards a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable future of transportation.

[embiteltechnologies]

Optimizing Performance & Efficiency by Advanced Techniques in 3-Phase PMSM Motor Control

In the contemporary EV realm, advanced techniques and methodologies aimed at elevating the performance and efficiency of 3-phase PMSM motor controllers, aligning with the evolving landscape of industrial automation.

Sensorless Control

Sensorless control techniques, such as observer-based methods and back-EMF estimation, offer alternatives to traditional sensor-based control, addressing challenges while enhancing reliability and reducing cost.

Advanced Control Algorithms

Exploring sophisticated control algorithms like Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Adaptive Control, which leverage computational intelligence to enhance dynamic response and robustness, ensuring precise motor control in dynamic environments.

Power Factor Correction (PFC)

Power Factor Correction techniques play a vital role in improving the efficiency and power quality of PMSM motor drives. Active and passive PFC methods optimize power utilization, reducing harmonic distortion and enhancing overall system efficiency.

Fault Diagnosis and Protection

Efficient fault diagnosis methods, coupled with fault-tolerant control strategies, safeguard PMSM motor systems against various faults, ensuring uninterrupted operation and prolonging system lifespan in critical industrial applications.

Future Trends and Emerging Technologies

Anticipating the future of PMSM motor control, we delve into emerging trends such as AI integration, digital twin simulations, and advanced semiconductor devices like SiC/GaN, which promise to reshape the landscape of industrial automation with unprecedented efficiency and intelligence.

[1966828fdc]

A、電機研發總監（100萬+）

碩士以上學歷，電機、電磁等相關專業；48歲以內

具有工業伺服電機、力矩電機、高效電機、以及大功率大扭矩直驅電機類產品開發經驗；

對工業電機行業具有深刻認識和理解，有帶領研發團隊開展產品規劃和技術規劃經驗；

具有較好的組織協調和技術團隊管理能力。

帶領過30+研發技術團隊

崗位職責：

根據公司業務發展戰略，制定技術開發及產品開發戰略，通過研發系統組織、流程設置落實推動技術及產品開發；

技術及產品戰略：根據公司業務發展戰略，協同相關部門，建立公司技術及產品戰略和實施戰略；

組織和團隊建設：根據研發業務建設和發展需求，負責研發組織機構和職能職責的設置，組建相應的開發並做好團隊管理；

技術或產品能力建設：

流程標準體系建立：根據公司不同發展時期的情況，制定調整相應的流程導向體系和交付物體系；

（2）開發驗證體系：建立符合公司產品和技術戰略的產品開發及驗證體系；完善開發工具鏈，驗證工具鏈；

（3）根據產品開發需求及技術發展趨勢，建立或提升專項核心技術能力；

5、專案開發：按照產品開發流程統籌專案推進；

地點：中國浙江寧波

           B：電機工程總監（150-200萬）

 統招碩士以上學歷，新能源汽車、汽車電機方面背景，有國際化電機車用零部件公司背景，英語要能作為工作語言，45歲以內，10年以上相關工作經驗。

彙報對象：工程總經理，華裔英籍博士 團隊30+，能力優秀，可多分配幾個team

崗位職責：

1、負責汽車驅動電機產品開發；

2、負責驅動電機節能量和成本優化；

3、負責驅動電機性能優化；

4、負責驅動電機產品品質優化；

5、負責團隊建設及能力培養。

地點：中國廣東深圳

C：電機控制演算法工程師、主管、經理、總監（50-80-150萬）

本科及以上學歷.控制相關專業背景，特優可以是統招本科（0-1構建過新的演算法平臺，,產品得到市場的驗證）、5年以上電機控制演算法工作經驗；45歲以內

1. 精通自動控制理論（如：PID閉環控制理論）和馬達FOC控制演算法

2. 有5年以上的AC馬達或PMSM馬達的FOC控制研發經驗

3. 自動化、電氣工程、電力電子、控制工程，電機與電器等相關專業

4. 電機拖動、電機與電器、電力電子與電力傳動、電氣自動化及相關的碩士及以上學歷

5. 熟悉各種電機控制演算法，如PWM調製、向量控制/磁場定向控制、 弱磁控制等

6. 精通自動控制理論，以及永磁同步電機的基本原理及調試方法

7. 熟悉電動車輛領域或工業領域嵌入式軟體開發的規範和基本流程者優先

8. 熟悉斯Matlab/simulink等仿真工具，進行系統的仿真設計

9. 精通C語言，並有很強的軟體編程、調試能力

10. 精通ARM或TI DSP 等晶片

工作職責

1. 負責永磁同步電機、直流無刷電機控制演算法設計、演算法平臺開發

2. 主導電機控制器軟體系統架構構建，參與制定新能源電動車輛驅動電機的控制策略

3. 主導車輛電機控制器向量控制、SVPWM、轉矩/速度閉環控制等關 鍵演算法制定

4. 參與電機控制模組開發、代碼編寫、系統測試、電機及控制臺架匹配調試、車輛匹配調試，負責電機控制軟體的優化與升級

5. 完成開發過程中相應的文檔編寫；工作地點：中國江蘇無錫

   D：電機專家（60萬左右）

本科及以上學歷，具有電機研發工作經歷。45歲以內

2.電機（氣）工程、電氣自動化、機械工程或機電一體化專業背景；

3.具有永磁無刷同步電機（PMSM)在汽車電機/消費品和伺服驅動工業應用領域產品開發經驗；

4.具備電機本體設計經驗，能獨立完成產品開發，具有工業機器人伺服驅動研發經驗、電機電磁、熱仿真能力者優先；

5.熟悉永磁無刷直流電機和永磁同步電機控制技術；

6.熟悉電機的結構和生產工藝，能熟練使用solidworks完成結構設計；

7.能熟練使用Ansys Maxwell電磁仿真軟體和MATLAB Simulink,、或Ansys Mechanical結構仿真軟體並具有豐富的仿真經驗者優先；

8.溝通和表達能力強，富有團隊合作精神，善於進度規劃和時間管理；

9.精通中，英文書面表達，英語口語和聽力良好；

10.具有帶領研發團隊的潛能。

地點：廣東深圳寶安區

電/微：13918418246趙先生  E:zrd@jinzhonghr.com

[dorleco]

An Overview of Electric Vehicle Motor Control Unit

August 11, 2024

by dorleco

with no comment

Autonomous Vehicle Technology

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Introduction

Because of the technological advances made possible by electric motors and batteries, power conversion systems and motor control strategies that optimize efficiency and dependability have to be developed. These days, all of these features are included in the traction inverter, commonly referred to as the Vehicle Motor Control Unit (MCU).

The world’s need for electric cars, or EVs, has grown significantly in the last several years. One of the things boosting the popularity of electric cars is the government’s and automakers’ plan to transition from manufacturing internal combustion vehicles to electric and hybrid vehicles in a few years.

The advancement of lithium-ion battery technology, the dependability and accessibility of high-efficiency powertrain inverters, and the advancements made in engine management and electric motors are all responsible for the availability of EV technology and the reduction of range anxiety among consumers. Electric motors and batteries have facilitated technological advancements, necessitating the development of power conversion systems and motor control procedures that maximize reliability and efficiency.

These days, all of these features are included in the traction inverter, commonly referred to as the Vehicle Motor Control Unit (MCU).

DC versus AC motors

Two primary motor types are used in electric cars:

AC-powered engines:

A motor on alternating current (AC) has three phases and 240 volts. AC motors can also be utilized as a generator to recharge an electric vehicle’s batteries because of their regenerative nature. This motor also has the added benefit of faster acceleration and smoother running on uneven ground. Its cost is higher than that of DC motors, which is its primary disadvantage.

The two main types of AC motors are synchronous and asynchronous motors, also called induction motors. Induction motors can be relied upon, are reasonably priced, and require little maintenance, making them simple to use. In contrast, synchronous motors offer some advantages, including strong low-speed torque, small form factor, high power density, high efficiency, and low weight.

BLDC Motors:

These motors have several benefits over AC motors, such as longer speed ranges, noiseless operation, quicker dynamic reaction times, and more. They have an exceptionally high torque ratio relative to size, making them a great fit for EVs, which require high power density yet lightweight and small form factors.

Moreover, BLDC motors require incredibly intricate hardware and software control. AC motors can store energy for braking and release it for accelerating, but they require an appropriate DC-AC inverter. This restores the essential battery juice while enabling you to drive normally. Some DC systems are more costly and sophisticated than others because they can also accomplish that.

BLDC motors require more sophisticated reversing techniques than AC motors, which can be easily reversed by simply flipping the order of the two phases in the inverter.

Both BLDC and AC motors are viable choices for powering EVs, even though AC motors are preferred when performance and long-range are critical criteria. As with many other electronics applications, the key to this selection is to find the optimal balance between cost and performance.

Algorithms for motor control

While there are many other types of electric motors, we will focus on the AC and BLDC/PMSM DC motors that are commonly seen on electric vehicles (EVs). Consequently, the motor control algorithms used in EVs will depend on the kind of motor and control (open or closed loop). The latter requires the presence of sensors that can accurately determine the position of the motor at any given time.

Trapezoidal control is among the simplest types of BLDC motor control. Even though it’s quite popular and reasonably priced, it has a torque ripple problem when driving.

Sinusoidal control is generally considered to be an improvement over trapezoidal control. The main benefits of this control are less noticeable noise, higher torque at lower speeds, and more precise and seamless operation. To accomplish these, three currents are pushed into each of the three motor windings, and these currents vary smoothly and sinusoidally as the motor rotates. Precise rotor position measurement can be achieved using encoders or resolvers to provide smooth sinusoidal modulation of the motor currents while the motor rotates.

While sinusoidal control is very successful at low motor speeds, it becomes limited at high motor speeds due to an increase in the frequency of the sinusoidal signal. At high speeds, torque production decreases and efficiency diminishes.

Originally developed for AC motors, Vector Control, often known as FOC for Field Orientation Control, is the most advanced control method available today. An electric motor’s torque is influenced by the rotor and stator fields, and it is greatest when they are orthogonal.

The FOC approach aims to replicate the orthogonal relationship present in an AC or BLDC motor. A two-orthogonal component, FOC stands for variable frequency control of the stator in a three-phase motor. One component is the torque, which is determined by the motor speed and the location of the rotor; the other is the magnetic flux produced by the stator.

Field Oriented management uses two techniques to manage torque and flux separately:

Direct FOC: From flux estimation or measurement, the rotor flux angle is directly determined.

Indirect FOC: The slip calculations and the available speed are used to deduce the rotor flux angle. When using a dynamic model of an AC induction or BLDC motor, vector control can be computed with the use of intricate algorithms and knowledge of the terminal current and voltages. However, this method requires a lot of processing power to use well.

Vector-based motor control has the natural benefit of being able to control multiple AC, PM-AC, or BLDC motors using the same scheme. The FOC technique allows brushless motors to reach up to 95% efficiency, which is efficient within the maximal speed range. Its accuracy and precise control also allow the motor speed to be decreased to almost 0 rpm.

Figure 1 is an example diagram for a three-phase BLDC motor control. Six power transistors are involved, one for each of the three phases, or three half-bridges altogether. Three PWM signals are typically used to activate them, and an MCU or integrated driver IC controls the timing and sequence of these signals. The microcontroller receives positional feedback from three Hall sensors. An analogous picture that illustrates how to control an AC induction motor is picture 2. Here, an accurate encoder interface provides the position feedback.

Sensor versus Vehicle Motor Control Unit without sensors

BLDC motors are more challenging to operate and require an understanding of the rotor position and mechanism to commutate the motor because they are not self-commutating. Measurement of the motor speed and/or motor current and a PWM signal to control the motor speed and power are two more prerequisites for closed-loop speed control.

BLDC motors achieve absolute position sensing by detecting the rotor position with specific position sensors. Consequently, costs increase and the number of cables increases. By using the motor’s back-emf (electromotive force) to estimate the rotor position, sensor-free BLDC control does away with the requirement for position sensors. For low-cost variable speed applications like fans and pumps, sensor-less control is crucial. Sensor-less control is also necessary for compressors that use BLDC motors, including those in refrigerators and air conditioners.

Position sensors are available in three main types:

Hall-effect sensors reduce design complexity and are cheap. Yet, their resolution is subpar when compared to other sensors.

Encoders are expensive and require digital processing.

Resolvers: Digital processing must be used to obtain the optimal resolution.

Resolvers and encoders are typically used in high-precision motor control applications in the automotive and industrial industries.

Motor control unit

The batteries, which are DC power sources, and the motor (AC or BLDC) are interfaced with each other by an electrical module known as the Motor Control Unit (MCU). Its main duty is to control how fast and how much acceleration the EV experiences when the throttle is applied.

The following are some of an MCU’s primary responsibilities:

Control the motor’s torque and speed. Switch the engine on and off. Reverse the motor’s direction. brakes that produce energy again. When the motor is braking, it acts as a generator since the back-emf it produces is higher than the DC supply voltage to the MCU. This potential difference causes current to flow from the motor to the battery through the Vehicle Motor Control Unit.

The Vehicle Motor Control Unit uses a range of safety measures, including the following, to protect EV components:

Overvoltage: this occurs when the input battery voltage exceeds permissible limits.

Under voltage: If the MCU operates below the lower voltage cutoff, it will drain the battery more fully and may result in a thermal runaway that could destroy the cells permanently or result in a decrease in performance.

Overcurrent: If the Vehicle Motor Control Unit detects an overcurrent, it will cut off the battery supply. It does this continuously.

Overheating: as with the previous point, this happens when the internal temperature of the motor controller goes above a safe threshold.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this overview of electric vehicle motor control provides a comprehensive understanding of the key components and characteristics that dictate how the electric motors in these cars function. Electric vehicles are crucial for reducing carbon emissions and raising energy efficiency as the automobile industry shifts to more sustainable and ecologically friendly forms of mobility.

The motor control systems — which comprise inverters, motor controllers, and several sensor types — that have been discussed form the basis of electric vehicle propulsion. The intricate relationships between these components ensure optimal efficacy, security, and performance when the car is driving. Additionally, as technology advances, motor control algorithms get better and better, providing electric car users with better acceleration, regenerative braking, and overall driving experiences.