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greenwitchcrafts · 10 months ago

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February 2024 witch guide

Full moon: February 24th

New moon: February 9th

Sabbats: Imbolc-February 1st

February Snow Moon

Known as: Eagle Moon, Horning Moon, Solmonath Moon, Bear moon, Ice Moon, Wild Moon, Raccoon Moon, Big Winter Moon, Groundhog Moon, Quickening Moon, Storm Moon, Goose Moon, Hungry Moon & Red/Cleansing Moon

Element: Fire

Zodiac: Aquarius & Pisces

Nature spirits: House Faeries

Deities: Aphrodite, Brigid & Nut

Animals: Otter & Unicorn

Birds: Chickadee & Eagle

Trees: Cedar, laurel, myrtle & rowan

Herbs: Balm of Gilead, hyssop, myrrh, sage & spikenard

Flowers: Primrose

Scents: Heliotrope & wisteria

Stones: Amethyst, jasper, moonstone, obsidian, onyx , rose quartz, topaz & red zircon

Colors: Light blue & violet

Energy: Astral travel, banishing, beginnings, breaking bad habits, creativity expressiveness, empowerment, energy working to the surface, fertility, forgiveness, freedom, friendships, future plans, growth, healing, problem solving, purification, responsibility & science

February’s full Moon is a “Micromoon” this year. Think of this term as the opposite of a “Supermoon.” It simply means that the full Moon is at its farthest point from Earth (not the nearest point).

The explanation behind February’s full Moon name is a fairly straightforward one: it’s known as the Snow Moon due to the typically heavy snowfall that occurs in February. On average, February is the United States’ snowiest month, according to data from the National Weather Service. In the 1760s, Captain Jonathan Carver, who had visited with the Naudowessie(Dakota), wrote that the name used for this period was the Snow Moon, “because more snow commonly falls during this month than any other in the winter.”

Imbolc

Known as: Feast of Torches, Feast of Waxing Light, Oimele & Brigid's Day

Season: Winter

Symbols: Besoms, Brighid's crosses, candles, candle wheels, fertility symbols, fire, ploughs, priapic wands & white flowers

Colors: Black, brown, Earth tones, lavender, light green, orange, pink, red, white & yellow

Oils/Incense: Apricot, basil, bay, carnation, chamomile, cinnamon, dragon's blood, frankincense, heather, jasmine, myrrh, neroli, red sandalwood, sage, vanilla, violet & wisteria

Animals: Badger, cow, deer,groudhog, robin, sheep, snake, & swan

Mythical: Dragon

Stones: Amethyst, bloodstone, citrine, clear quartz, garnet, green tourmaline, hematite, iron, lodestone, onyx, red zircon, rose quartz, ruby, turquoise, yellow tourmaline

Food: Breads, chives, curries, dairy products, grains, garlic, herbal teas, honey cakes, lamb, muffins, onions, peppers, poppy seed cakes, pork, poultry, pumpkin seeds, raisins, scones, spiced wines & sunflower seeeds

Herbs/Plants: Angelica, ashleaf, balsam, basil, bay laurel, benzoin, blackberry, clover, coltsfoot, coriander, dragon's blood, garlic, heather, lemon, myrrh, rosemary, sage, vervain, wheat & witch hazel

Flowers: Celandine, chamomile, iris, rose hips, snowdrop, sunflower, tansy, violets, white flowers & yellow flowers

Goddesses: Anu, Aradia, Arianrhod, Artio, Athena, Branwen, Brigid, Danu, Februa, Gaia, Inanna, Juno, Selene, Sirona & Vesta

Gods: Aegus Mac Og, Bragi, Cupid, Dian Cecht, Dumuzi, Eros, Februus & Pax

Issues, Intentions & Powers: Activation/awakening, animals, beginnings, fertility, healing, hope, illumination, inspiration, light, pregnancy/childbirth, prophecy, transformation, well-being & youth

Spellwork: Air magick, banishings, candle spells, divination, fertility spells, prosperity & purification

Activities:

• Make & light white candles

• Clean/decorate your altar & consecrate your altar tools

• Go on a walk in nature & look for signs of spring

• Make a Brigid's Cross

• Have a feast with your family/friends

• Give thanks & leave offerings to the Earth

• Set intentions, reflect & look deeper into your goals for spring

• Start a bonfire

• Find Imboloc prayers & devotionals that bid farewell to the winter months, honor the goddess Brigid, as well as seasonal blessings for your meals, hearth, & home.

• Pepare plans for your upcoming garden

• Craft a priapic wand

• Spend time with children celebrating Imbolc by making crafts & or baking

• Practice divination & fire scrying

• Draw a cleansing ritual bath for yourself

• Meditate, reflect & say your farewells to winter

• Cleanse & clean your house to prepare for spring

• Create a Brídeóg: a doll of Brigid made of straw

• Make Bride's bouquet satchets & exchange as symbols of good luck and fertility

• Set aside food & or drinks as an offering to Brigid to invite her in your home

Imbolc is a Gaelic festival marking the beginning of spring. Most commonly it is held on January 31 – February 1, or halfway between the winter solstice & the spring equinox. The holiday is a festival of the hearth, home, a celebration of the lengthening days & the early signs of spring.

The word "imbolc" means "in the belly" and refers to the pregnancy of ewes at this time of year. The term "oimelc" means ewe's milk. Around this time of year, many herd animals give birth to their first offspring of the year or are heavily pregnant & as a result, they are producing milk. This creation of life’s milk is a part of the symbolic hope for spring.

Imbolc is mentioned in some of the earliest Irish literature and it is associated with important events in Irish mythology. It has been suggested that it was originally a pagan festival associated with the goddess Brigid and that it was Christianized as a festival of Saint Brigid, who herself is thought to be a Christianization of the goddess.

Some use Imbolc to celebrate the longer days which herald the return of Spring & The Goddess's recovery from giving birth to The Sun (The God) at Yule. The God & The Goddess are children symbolizing new life, new beginnings & new resurrections.

Related festivals:

• Groundhog Day- Is a tradition observed in the United States & Canada on February 2 of every year. It derives from the Pennsylvania Dutch superstition that if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day & sees its shadow, it will retreat to its den & winter will go on for six more weeks; if it does not see its shadow, spring will arrive early.

While the tradition remains popular in the 21st century, studies have found no consistent association between a groundhog seeing its shadow & the subsequent arrival time of spring-like weather.

•St. Brigid's Day- 1 February. It was originally Imbolc, the first day of spring in Irish tradition. Because Saint Brigid has been theorised as linked to the goddess Brigid, some associate the festival of Imbolc with the goddess. St. Brigid is the patroness saint (or 'mother saint') of Ireland. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock & dairy production. In her honour, a perpetual fire was kept burning at Kildare for centuries.

A recent campaign successfully established her feast day as a national holiday in 2023.

• Chinese New Year- (February 10th) the festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar. In Chinese, the festival is commonly referred to as the Spring Festival,- marking the end of winter and the beginning of the spring season. Observances traditionally take place from Chinese New Year's Eve, the evening preceding the first day of the year, to the Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the year. The first day of Chinese New Year begins on the new moon that appears between January 21st & February 20th.

The Chinese New Year is associated with several myths and customs. The festival was traditionally a time to honour deities as well as ancestors. Within China, regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the New Year vary widely & the evening preceding the New Year's Day is frequently regarded as an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.

It is also a tradition for every family to thoroughly clean their house, in order to sweep away any ill fortune & to make way for incoming good luck. Another custom is the decoration of windows & doors with red paper-cuts and couplets. Popular themes among these paper-cuts and couplets include good fortune or happiness, wealth & longevity. Other activities include lighting firecrackers & giving money in red envelopes.

• Candlemas- is a Christian feast day on February 2nd commemorating the presentation of Jesus at the Temple. It is based upon the account of the presentation of Jesus in Luke 2:22-40.

While it is customary for Christians in some countries to remove their Christmas decorations on Twelfth Night, those in other Christian countries historically remove them after Candlemas.On Candlemas, many Christians also take their candles to their local church, where they are blessed and then used for the rest of the year.

•Setsubun- (February 3rd) Is the day before the beginning of spring in the old calendar in Japan. The name literally means 'seasonal division', referring to the day just before the first day of spring.

Both Setsubun & Risshun are celebrated yearly as part of the Spring Festival (Haru matsuri ) in Japan. In its association with the Lunar New Year, Setsubun, though not the official New Year, was thought of as similar in its ritual & cultural associations of 'cleansing' the previous year as the beginning of the new season of spring. Setsubun was accompanied by a number of rituals & traditions held at various levels to drive away the previous year's bad fortunes & evil spirits for the year to come.

Other Celebrations:

• Lupercalia-

In ancient Rome, this festival was conducted annually on February 13th through 15th under the superintendence of a corporation of priests called Luperci. The origins of the festival are obscure, although the likely derivation of its name from lupus (Latin: “wolf”) has variously suggested connection with an ancient deity who protected herds from wolves and with the legendary she-wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus. As a fertility rite, the festival is also associated with the god Faunus.

to purify the city, promoting health & fertility.

Each Lupercalia began with the sacrifice by the Luperci of goats and a dog, after which two of the Luperci were led to the altar, their foreheads were touched with a bloody knife & the blood was wiped off with wool dipped in milk; the ritual required that the two young men laugh. The sacrificial feast followed, after which the Luperci cut thongs from the skins of the sacrificial animals & ran in two bands around the Palatine hill, striking with the thongs at any woman who came near them. A blow from the thong was supposed to render a woman fertile.

In 494 CE the Christian church under Pope Gelasius I forbade participation in the festival. Tradition holds that he appropriated the form of the rite as the Feast of the Purification (Candlemas), celebrated on February 2, but it is likely that the Christian feast was established in the previous century. It has also been alternately suggested that Pope Gelasius I replaced Lupercalia with St. Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14th, but the origin of that holiday was likely much later.

Sources:

Farmersalmanac .com

Llewellyn's Complete Book of Correspondences by Sandra Kines

Wikipedia

A Witch's Book of Correspondences by Viktorija Briggs

Encyclopedia britannica

Llewellyn 2024 magical almanac Practical magic for everyday living

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elenilag · 13 days ago

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Each of us may feel a natural pull toward certain elements, and this connection often guides our practice. When you resonate strongly with an element, it can shape the tools you gravitate toward, the spells or rituals you prefer, and even the types of energy you seek to harness. For example, I feel a strong connection to Earth, which makes me more drawn to working with plants, stones, and natural items. I collect them, study their properties, and use them more frequently in my practice than divination tools, oils, or other magical items.

Those connected to Earth often feel drawn to plants, herbs, crystals, and other materials from nature. They may focus on grounding rituals, protective spells, and practical magic. Earthy individuals might enjoy crafting, creating physical talismans, and cultivating spaces of peace and stability. The sensory experience of touch can be powerful, and the connection to growth, endurance, and healing feels deeply meaningful.

Those drawn to Water may find themselves called to emotional healing, dream work, and intuitive practices. They may feel a natural inclination toward using cups, bowls, or other vessels in rituals, as well as focusing on purification and fluidity. Water-affinity can lead to using oils, creating spell baths, or crafting potions. Many Water-oriented practitioners find the realm of feelings and intuition a key component of their work.

Those connected to Fire are drawn to transformative magic, courage, and passion. They might enjoy working with candles, incense, or sigils that involve burning, as well as channeling energy into fast, powerful spells. Fire can be intimidating; it’s unpredictable and demands respect. But Fire is also a teacher, showing how to harness strength and will with balance and control.

People drawn to Air often find meaning in ideas, symbols, and the realm of thought. They may work heavily with spoken or written spells, divination tools like tarot or runes, and enjoy working in open spaces. Air brings clarity and movement, perfect for spells that involve insight, knowledge, and communication. Many Air-oriented practitioners feel empowered through visualization and meditation, connecting deeply with the mind and spirit.

Spirit (or Ether): Those resonating with Spirit often feel connected to a sense of unity and intuition that goes beyond the physical. They may be interested in connecting with ancestors, exploring astral work, or developing their inner vision. Spirit is the element that unites the other four, bringing balance and harmony, and often calls for practices that embrace the unseen or the mystical.

And while we may feel comfortable with certain elements, there are often others that feel mysterious, intimidating, or even unpredictable. I still feel uneasy around fire—the first time I made incense, I ended up with ashes and half-burned ingredients everywhere. These elements might represent areas of growth in our practice. By gradually working with these, we can expand our understanding and find new strengths.

Each person’s connection to the elements is unique. Some may feel strongly drawn to one element, while others resonate with a combination, all of them, or even none at all in the traditional sense. This variation reflects our individual ways of perceiving and interacting with the world. Each path is valid and personal, shaped by how we experience and understand these forces.

For instance, someone might feel equally drawn to both Earth and Water, finding a balance between grounding energies and emotional depth in their practice. Another may feel an affinity with all elements, seeing them as interconnected aspects of nature and life itself. Others may not feel a direct pull toward any single element but instead feel a connection to a universal energy beyond the traditional categories.

Honoring your own alignment with the elements—or lack thereof—is a core part of developing a practice that feels authentic. Whether we see ourselves in a single element, a mix, or beyond them all, these connections guide us, influencing how we interact with energy, the tools we choose, and the type of magic we are called to explore.

#elements #reflection #book of shadows #grimoire #spellcraft #paganism #witchblr #witchcraft #wicca #witches #beginner witch

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rachelscauldroncraft · 7 days ago

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This selenite wand was cleansed with lemon oil and incense smoke before charging under a full moon. It has been adorned with Bay Leaves, Eucalyptus Leaves, Rosemary, Sage, and Lavender using white and gold wax. It was then tied with twine that was steeped in lemon essential oils and topped with a Dried Lemon Slice. This wand was created with strong intentions for the cleansing and purification of negative and evil energies that may linger around its keeper.

🌛🔮🌞

if this sounds like something you might like, visit my Etsy store! link below~

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literaryvein-reblogs · 3 months ago

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The Love Potion by Evelyn De Morgan (1903, oil on canvas)

The female figure in the painting has often been miscategorized as the devious witch from fairy stories, not least by Mrs Stirling (Evelyn De Morgan’s sister) who described the painting in her “Catalogue of the De Morgan Collection of Pictures and Pottery” as follows: A witch in bright yellow, with a callous, cruel face, mixing a potion to upset the lovers who are seen on the terrace in the distance. Along the shelf by her side are books upon Black Magic, one of which is inscribed “Paracelsus”.

However, more correctly the painting should be categorized within De Morgan’s series of allegoric paintings on the progress of the soul towards enlightenment. Despite the inclusion of a black cat which hints by its very presence to the stereotypical depiction of diabolical sorceresses, the subject of the painting is presented as a learned scholar. She sits in a light filled study surrounded by luxurious furnishings, and equipment. The leather-bound books on the bookcase to her side are a clue and include works by some of the greatest scientific and philosophical minds and were texts well known to the Spiritualist movement in their pursuit of enlightenment and spiritual enrichment.

Paracelsus, was a Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. Agrippa Von Nettesheim, was a sixteenth century physician and philosopher who wrote a treatise on alchemy and magic – De occulta philosophia libri tres / Three Books of Occult Philosophy. However, as one of the leading experts of his century on this spiritual and ancient wisdom, he wished to purge magic of the superstitious and dangerous rituals of medieval witches instead holding with theosophical principals that religion is a tool to help humanities evolution to greater perfection. Iamblicus was a Neoplatanist associated with theurgy or ritualistic invocation of the gods in order to unite with the divine. The book entitled A-Z Opus is an allusion to Azoth, one of the names for the “universal spirit of the world” or the alpha and omega which are everywhere and ever present.

De Morgan's adherence to alchemical colour symbolism as promoted by Parcelsus also sheds light on her intent. In this system the four colours which mark the progressive stages towards spiritual enlightenment are black: the material state of guilt, sin, and death; white: the early stages or purification; red, then yellow: towards the gold of salvation. These stages parallel the Spiritualist ideas regarding the development of the spirit which involve a series of steps from the death of the profane, through purification and spiritual suffering toward the final goal of a harmonious union of opposites represented in this case by the courting couple seen through the window. However the ultimate union is the synthesis of bodily into spiritual nature – as represented by the wisdom seeking alchemist herself. Accordingly we see in the painting the black of the cat, alchemical creature of the night, connected to prime matter (and ironic comment on witches); the red lions on the tapestry, a symbol for Christianity, strength and wisdom and finally the dominant colour within the painting: the golden yellow of the alchemist's robes.

Thus whilst the painting is stylistically in tune with some of De Morgan's late Pre-Raphaelite and Symbolist peers, Evelyn's narrative is distinctly independent and allegorical. She uses her spiritualist vocabulary to subvert and renegotiates traditional roles and stereotypes of women, providing instead a strong, powerful, skilled intelligent protagonist, capable of reaching the enlightenment she herself sought.

#art #the love potion #evelyn de morgan #cat #oil on canvas

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dios-teo · 5 months ago

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NAME: Mateo Ruiz DEITY: Tlazolteotl AGE: 33, August 29, 1990 GENDER & PRONOUNS: trans male, he/him/his ORIENTATION: Homosexual FACECLAIM: Diego Boneta HOMETOWN: Tecate, Baja California - Mexico ALIGNMENT: Chaotic Neutral

Tidbits:

HUMAN PARENTS: Jorge Ruiz & Rosa Ruiz (step-mom) DIETY LINAGE: Tlahzōlteōtl, Goddess of sexuality, vice, purification, steam baths, lust, filth, and a patroness of adulterers. Aztec Pantheon. SIBLINGS: Esteban Ruiz, Elena Ruiz, Gabi Ruiz. CLOTHING STYLE: Tends to wear a lot of sleeveless shirts along with beach shorts.

Mini-Bio || About:

This is a mess, I'll clean it up later.

In the Aztec calendar system, the days in the year are separated into two consecutive wheels of time. One of 13 day signs influence a month of twenty. Each month and day governed by a different duo of gods or goddesses depending on the corresponding day and month sign Tlazolteotl being one of these goddesses. She governs the fifth day along with the twenty day cycle that starts on the day sign of Ollin. Was it then by coincidence that Mateo was born on a day under her supposed protection? Born in Tecate, Mexico. It seemed as though every other year would bring about constant hurricanes and earthquakes. His father being a head executive at an oil company allowed his family the availability to relocate away from one natural calamity before being met with another. It would also allow for Mateo to study in the United States, or whatever you're supposed to call having your ankles meet your ears for almost four years. His time in the states was cut short, being called back to shadow his father at the oil company's business meetings. Often times Mateo would be bored out of his mind, having to keep a rotating cast of office assistants to entertain him in between meetings. Heated whispers promising them a seat on his staff if he were allowed to sit on theirs.

. . .

Day Itzcuintli Itzcuintli is a good day for funerals and wakes and remembering the dead. It is a good day for being trustworthy, a bad day for trusting others of questionable intent.

One of his favorites and company hopeful was Hector Suarez. He was a promising man around the same age as Mateo. A little older, and perhaps a little more cunning. Mateo often had a knack at spotting who amongst the white collar bramble were the opportunistic type. It took one to know one after all. Hector, however, seemed too play this to his advantage. While Mateo pulled him towards his bed, promising what they both knew he couldn't procure, Hector would pull him away from the secret meetings formed to oust his father from the company. Panes of glass fogged each night in a luxury car as the fog of deception closed in onto Jorge in a sudden and swift removal. Mateo had woken up with the ground shifting under him, literally. It had seemed mother nature would join in striking down the family as well. The cliff where their manor had stood collapsed down into the polluted seas below. He would wake up in a hospital bed, the only one recovered from the monstrous wreck. He had no home, he had no job waiting for him. He was alone. Only thing he had was his body and it was one he barely managed to hold on to.

August 27, 2023 - Day of the Call?

The thirteen day period (trecena) that starts with day 1-Ollin (Movement) is ruled by Tlazolteotl.

More to come.

#conquerhqintro #🕃 ⸻ heir of filth (pinned.) ⸻ 🕄

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madamlaydebug · 9 months ago

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Fire of Purification

In Alchemy, the burning of the plant body is known as calcination. Specific minerals such as the Carboxylic acid salts, esterified vitamins, essential oils, and fatty acids, are released through the sacred fire.

These minerals in the calcined ash of the plant, represent fire energy. Then united with water, and again reintroducing heat, become recrystallized.

When the crystals are reunited back into the plant extract, a chemical reaction begins to take place in the form of magical dance, which is the most beautiful poetry to witness and observe. .

Thus making a more bioavailable, Divinely amplified medicine. .

Only through the Fire is the body purified. The same alchemical process happens inside of us when we allow ourselves to be consumed by the sacred flame that burns within. Burning away all that no longer serves us. We are reborn into our fullest cosmic potential. The gates to the heavens open up inside us, allowing for a deeper experience across all time, space and planes of existence. Connecting us to the Cosmic thread of all that is, walking sovereignly in the I AM presence. .

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steliosagapitos · 2 years ago

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~ “The Summer Solstice also known as Litha on June 21st will be the longest day of the year, it won't get dark until very late into the night, there will be at least 16/17 hours of daylight. In Latin the word Litha means a stopping or standing still of the sun. Solstice means 'Sun Still'. Litha is a day of celebrations, the Goddess is heavily pregnant with the harvest to come after she and the God united on Beltane. The Lord of light, The Sun King is at the height of his power. Litha is a time of light, purification and of healing and also a time of great and powerful magic. This time of year many Pagans, Druids and Wiccans gather at Stonehenge to watch the Summer Solstice Sunrise. Summer Solstice is a day of happiness and joy, a time to allow positivity to enter your life. This is the height of Summer; it is one of the most celebratory days of the year. Use this spell and the energy of Litha to create a truly magical and unforgettable Summer. The spell uses herbs, colours, crystals, candles, oils, chants and incense and is especially created to work with the Summer Solstice. The spell will banish negative forces and open new pathways for positivity to enter and will cleanse and clear any negative energy that has attached itself to you that may be holding you back, it will attract luck and good fortune and can manifest your desires into reality. The Spell Contains: A Yellow votive spell candle.A bag of Sage herb mix. A Lemongrass Incense Cone. A bottle of Lemon, Lime, Orange Sweet, Grapefruit, Petit grain essential oil mixtureA Red Jasper crystal. A small gold drawstring pouch to hold the crystal. An 8-page booklet which will walk you through the whole spell including chants and incantations. The spell will come beautifully packaged in a yellow organza bag.“ ~

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mariacallous · 2 years ago

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Shortly after sunset on Saturday, December 3, 2022, two electric transformers in Moore County, North Carolina were repeatedly shot, leaving nearly 40,000 people without power. The local utility estimated that several thousand customers would remain in the dark for days, as nighttime temperatures fell below freezing. In a similar attack on April 16, 2013, the Metcalf Pacific Gas and Electric substation in Coyote, California was disabled when unidentified snipers fired more than 100 rounds at transformers and a container storing oil used to cool equipment, cutting power to thousands of people and causing an estimated $15 million in damage.

A motive for the December 2022 attack has not yet been established. Yet, it offers important lessons about the persistence of domestic terrorism, the vulnerability of U.S. infrastructure to attacks, and the need for imaginative counterterror efforts against a diversifying threat that includes new perpetrators and targets. The new 2021 National Strategy for Countering Domestic Terrorism has been a promising development.

The logic of terrorism

The concept of “terrorism” seems straightforward, yet a precise definition is the subject of debate. It is widely accepted to include violence or the threat of violence, toward some political, social, or religious end. Though terrorism is coercive, the targets of an attack are not necessarily the intended targets of the coercion. Targets of terror frequently did nothing to become a target, and could not avoid being a target. If people begin to question the state’s competence in protecting the public, or change their behavior in an attempt to avoid being targeted, those reactions are part of the logic of terrorist violence.

A recent online publication by an “accelerationist” group (white supremacists who wish to hasten the downfall of the current socio-political structure) encouraged readers to select targets “that do the most damage to the system and spark revolution and chaos. So long as the power turns on, the status quo, the downward decline of our race, and the increase in nonwhites in our lands will carry on unhindered.” The intention is to hasten social collapse.

The White House’s first National Strategy for Countering Domestic Terrorism assesses that the current threat comes from, in part, “racially or ethnically motivated violent extremists” whose ideologies are “rooted in a perception of the superiority of the white race that calls for violence in furtherance of perverse and abhorrent notions of racial ‘purity’ or ‘cleansing’.” The inevitability of a coming purification of society, and a restoration of fundamental truths leaves no space for half measures. This apocalyptic narrative has been espoused by groups as diverse as the Shining Path of Peru, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and Aum Shinrikyo in Japan.

Infrastructure vulnerability

U.S. infrastructure is vulnerable, and effective attacks need not be sophisticated. The December 2022 attack on the North Carolina power grid could have easily been accomplished by one person with a legally-procured rifle and ammunition. The resulting damage, while not permanent or even long-lasting, was disruptive and dangerous. Though ultimately determined by the FBI not to be an act of terror, a Christmas 2020 bombing in Nashville severely damaged an AT&T transmission center that disabled cellular telephone networks throughout the central and southern United States for several hours.

Over the past 50 years, U.S. infrastructure has been consistently subject to attack, though at a relatively low number of incidents per year. According to the Global Terrorism Database, between 1970 and 2020 there have been 102 attacks on U.S. infrastructure, at least 60 of which targeted the electrical grid. Since 2009, there has been a period of increased attacks on all targets in the United States — and infrastructure, specifically. Infrastructure attacks rose 70% in 2022 compared to 2021, according to Politico.

The Department of Homeland Security’s Cyber and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) monitors 16 critical infrastructure sectors, including energy, food and agriculture, critical manufacturing, and financial services. CISA prioritizes critical infrastructure by weighing five considerations: 1) the safety and well-being of individuals in the community; 2) the value of an asset in the context of a community, region, or nation as a whole; 3) the effect of the loss of an asset on operations and dependencies, 4) the economic impact of a disruption of a service or asset, and 5) the general impact of the loss of a service or asset on a community or larger critical infrastructure sector. The loss of power transformers would rank very high in this risk framework and touch multiple critical infrastructure sectors.

The accelerationist handbook cited above encouraged attacks against the energy infrastructure sector as being “sitting ducks, worthy prey” and “largely unprotected and often in remote locations.” North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper summarized the situation: “If someone with a firearm can do this much damage and get power out to tens of thousands of people, then obviously we need to look at the different layers of infrastructure and hardening and make better decisions here.” The Duke Energy facility in North Carolina had sensibly prioritized keeping people safely away from the dangerous equipment on site. However, inexpensive pre-formed concrete barriers would have protected it against a relatively simple attack like the one that occurred in December 2022. On December 15, 2022 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ordered the North American Electric Reliability Corporation to study physical reliability standards at the nationwide power grid and determine if improvements were necessary.

The legacy of 9/11

According to the Global Terrorism Database, between 2014 and 2020, there was an annual average of 20 terror attacks worldwide in which a vehicle was the primary or secondary weapon. In that same period, vehicles killed 277 people in terror attacks. Before 2014, such attacks averaged less than two per year. Since at least 2010, terror groups have encouraged the use of vehicles to attack civilians. Just as the 9/11 commission concluded that a “failure of imagination” blinded the U.S. national security enterprise to the September 11, 2001 terror attack vector, we risk repeating those failures. Like using a truck to run pedestrians down in a crowded place, the December 2022 attack against an electric grid in North Carolina is notable by its simplicity, accessibility, and effectiveness.

This evolving threat has implications for counterterrorism and homeland security. Unfortunately, the United States has a long history of violence toward African-American and Jewish religious institutions. As illustrated in the chart above, religious institutions are the second-most targeted facility in the United States, followed by a general category of “businesses,” which includes places such as the Walmart attacked in El Paso, Texas in 2019, and the Pulse LGBTQ nightclub in Orlando, Florida in 2016. These targets are notable for the specificity of patrons, as indicated in comments by assailants, and the fact that they were relatively defenseless. In the Global Terrorism Database, the “private citizens and property” and “businesses” categories often includes attacks against these targets because of their perceived association with certain groups, most often people of color, the Jewish community, and LGBTQ community.

Domestic counterterrorism is, by design, difficult to detect. A low-profile effort does not provide the same exhilarating satisfaction of a bunker-busting bomb, but is nevertheless effective. In 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden’s administration released a policy document focused entirely on countering domestic terrorism. First, it set out a four-point counterterrorism strategy. Second, it unequivocally stated that right-wing, racially motivated, and anti-government violent groups present the biggest threat. Finally, it recommended that the federal government address inequality experienced by marginalized U.S. populations.

This final feature presents two challenges. One, a campaign to resolve structural injustices felt by marginalized groups could further alienate those who identify with right-wing white-grievance politics, but do not endorse violence. Two, in the United States, local, state, and federal governments have a long history of directly engaging in, and later tolerating, domestic terror against people of color or other marginalized groups. Given that history of state terror, attempts to address inequality may be met with mistrust in these communities, no matter how well-intentioned.

Conclusion

The Biden administration’s decision to publish a domestic counterterror strategy shows how much the U.S. government’s response to the threat of terrorist violence has changed since 2001. While countering domestic terrorism has risen as a national priority, transnational terrorist threats against Americans and U.S. interests remain. Properly defining and understanding a threat is essential to developing countermeasures. Protecting the public against domestic terrorism requires an approach very different from the approach used against transnational terror organizations such as al-Qaida or the Islamic State. Patient law enforcement activity, coupled with well-crafted communication efforts, could help achieve this goal.

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pwrfs · 4 months ago

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Enhance Your Operations with PowerFlow XLP Series Oil Purification Systems

PowerFlow XLP Series lube and hydraulic oil purifiers offer exceptional value through innovative design. These oil purifiers combine advanced dehydration technology with high-capacity, absolute-rated filtration to efficiently remove water, particulates, and gases from lubrication and hydraulic oils. Utilizing a packed bed mass transfer tower under moderate vacuum and temperature, the XLP Series removes 100% of free and emulsified water and gases, and up to 90% of dissolved water and gases, without the need for high heat, deep vacuum, or submicron filtration. This ensures that the oil's quality is maintained, extending its lifespan and efficiency.

Key features of the XLP Series include PLC automation for extended continuous run times, a variable-speed discharge pump, and high-capacity filter elements. The innovative dry claw vacuum pump minimizes maintenance requirements, making the XLP Series the best value in the industry. Available in models for 5, 10, 20, and 50 gpm oil flow rates, these purifiers are designed to meet various operational needs.

Optimize your oil purification process with the PowerFlow XLP Series, and experience unparalleled efficiency and reliability.

#Oil Purification Units #Oil Purification Systems

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industrialdampers00 · 7 hours ago

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Top Ball Valves Manufacturers in Pune

Pune, Maharashtra’s industrial hub, is home to top manufacturers in many industries. One of the most trusted names in the industry is Parth Valves and Hoses LLP. Parth Valves, known for their quality and innovation, manufactures and services a comprehensive range of Ball Valves for various industrial needs.

What Are Ball Valves?

Industries that need precise liquid and gas control use ball valves. Quarter-turn valves control material flow via a hollow, perforated, revolving ball. Oil and gas, medicines, water treatment, and manufacturing employ ball valves for their effective sealing.

Ball valves are indispensable for many applications due to their great pressure and temperature tolerance.

Ball Valves

Why Ball Valves Manufacturing Is Popular in Pune

Pune’s industrial ecosystem, facilities, and qualified people make it suitable for ball valve manufacture. The city’s manufacturers value innovation, quality, and durability.

Parth Valves and Hoses LLP, a Pune-based ball valve manufacturer, sets standards with their cutting-edge facilities and customer service. They have years of experience making durable, high-performance ball valves for many sectors.

Ball Valves Trusted Name Parth Valves and Hoses LLP

1. Wide Selection of Ball Valves Parth Valves offers a wide range of ball valves for various industrial applications. There are standard ball valves and sophisticated high-performance models:

Two- and three-piece ball valves are modular and easy to maintain. Flanged Ball Valves: High-pressure friendly. Full-Port and Reduced-Port Ball Valves: Flexible flow control for various applications.

Uncompromising Quality Parth Valves manufactures with quality in mind. Each valve is rigorously tested to meet ISO, ASTM, and ASME standards. Their ball valves work reliably in the harshest situations due to their thorough approach.3. Unique Needs Customization Since every sector has unique needs, Parth Valves excels in tailored solutions. Their professionals work with clients to design and build ball valves to exact specifications for optimal efficiency and lifetime.4. Innovation Focus Innovation also distinguishes Parth Valves. Their valve development team uses cutting-edge technology to improve performance and durability.Applications of Ball Valves Parth Valves ball valves are versatile and appropriate for many applications:Oil and Gas: Pipeline high-pressure fluid and gas management. Pharmaceutical Industry: Hygienic flow regulation in delicate situations. Purification plant water flow regulation. Manufacturing Units: Supporting production line efficiency.

Why Choose Parth Valves and Hoses LLP for Ball Valves?

Ball valve manufacturers should be chosen based on quality, reliability, and customer service. Parth Valves and Hoses LLP excels in these areas:

Their engineers and technicians have decades of experience and provide unmatched expertise. Timely Delivery: They deliver on time to keep projects on track. They offer high-quality valves at competitive prices.

Improvement in Ball Valves Manufacturing

Parth Valves and Hoses LLP provides precision, dependability, and durability in ball valves for industries. Their dedication to quality has made them Pune’s top ball valve producers.

Contact Parth Valves Now

Contact Parth Valves and Hoses LLP for durable ball valves. Industries in Pune and beyond choose them for their experience and customer-first approach.

With Parth Valves, you’re buying a heritage of quality that guarantees your industrial operations run smoothly. Enjoy the greatest ball valves with Parth Valves and Hoses LLP.

Website- https://parthvalve.com/

Email id – [email protected]

Call On- (+91)8600034431

#valve manufacturer #ball vales manufactures in pune #ball valves suppliers in pune #best ball valves

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rachelscauldroncraft · 6 days ago

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This selenite wand was cleansed with incense smoke before charging under a full moon. It has been adorned with Eucalyptus Leaves, Rosemary, Crushed Cinnamon, St. Johns Wort, Akbizia Flowers, Feverfew using yellow and orange wax, as well as twine that was steeped in lemon and orange essential oils. All of the flowers, herbs, colors, and fragrances used are known for their happy and positive properties. This wand was created with strong intentions for the cleansing and purification of negative energy while welcoming happiness, positivity, and inspiration into the life of its keeper.

🌛🔮🌞

if this sounds like something you’re into, check out my Etsy Store! link below~ 🧙🏻‍♀️

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aqozatechh · 10 days ago

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Comprehensive Guide to Corrosion Monitoring Units: Enhancing Safety and Efficiency with AQOZA

Corrosion is a natural, inevitable process that affects various industrial assets, from pipelines to storage tanks, equipment, and structural components. Over time, corrosion can weaken materials, lead to failures, and pose serious risks to safety, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability. For businesses relying on high-value infrastructure, understanding and mitigating corrosion is critical. This is where Corrosion Monitoring Units (CMUs) come into play.

At AQOZA, we understand the vital role of corrosion monitoring in ensuring the longevity and safety of industrial assets. This article will explore the significance of corrosion monitoring, the technology behind Corrosion Monitoring Units, and how AQOZA’s solutions can help industries prevent costly damage and downtime.

What Are Corrosion Monitoring Units?

Corrosion Monitoring Units (CMUs) are advanced systems designed to measure and assess the rate of corrosion on metallic surfaces in various industrial settings. These units provide real-time, accurate data on the degradation process, enabling operators to detect potential issues before they lead to failures. CMUs can be deployed on pipelines, pressure vessels, storage tanks, and other critical infrastructure where corrosion poses a significant risk.

The primary goal of a CMU is to continuously monitor and evaluate the condition of equipment and systems, allowing businesses to implement preventive measures and reduce maintenance costs. With the information provided by CMUs, companies can make data-driven decisions on asset management, repair schedules, and resource allocation.

Why Is Corrosion Monitoring Important?

Corrosion, though natural, can cause substantial damage to industrial assets. Its effects are not always visible to the naked eye, but over time, it can lead to reduced structural integrity, leaks, environmental contamination, and even catastrophic failures. The importance of corrosion monitoring cannot be overstated, especially in industries where safety, regulatory compliance, and operational uptime are paramount.

Here are some key reasons why corrosion monitoring is essential:

Early Detection of Issues: Regular monitoring allows for the early detection of corrosion, which can help prevent more significant issues like leaks, structural damage, or system failures. Early intervention can significantly reduce repair costs and avoid costly downtime.

Improved Safety: Corrosion-related failures can lead to hazardous situations, including chemical spills, gas leaks, or even explosions. By using corrosion monitoring systems, operators can ensure that their assets are safe and comply with regulatory standards.

Cost Savings: Monitoring corrosion trends helps companies optimize maintenance schedules, thus avoiding expensive emergency repairs. Predictive maintenance based on accurate corrosion data can also help extend the life of critical equipment, reducing replacement costs.

Enhanced Operational Efficiency: Corrosion can affect the performance of equipment, causing inefficiencies in operations. Continuous monitoring helps ensure that all systems are functioning optimally, leading to better overall performance and fewer unplanned shutdowns.

Regulatory Compliance: Many industries, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, and power generation, must adhere to strict corrosion management regulations. CMUs ensure that businesses can maintain compliance with industry standards and avoid penalties.

Types of Corrosion Monitoring Techniques

Corrosion monitoring involves various methods, each with its advantages and specific use cases. Here are the most common types of corrosion monitoring techniques:

Electrochemical Methods:

Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR): Measures the resistance of a metal’s surface to corrosion. This technique is widely used in pipeline and tank corrosion monitoring.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): A more advanced technique that measures the impedance of the metal surface to gain insights into corrosion processes.

Weight Loss Coupons:

Corrosion coupons are small pieces of metal that are exposed to the same conditions as the material being monitored. Over time, the loss of mass due to corrosion is measured, providing an indication of the corrosion rate.

Ultrasonic Testing:

Ultrasonic sensors can measure the thickness of materials over time, helping to detect pitting and other forms of localized corrosion. This is especially useful for monitoring pipelines and tanks.

Electrical Resistance (ER) Probes:

These probes measure the change in electrical resistance of a material as it corrodes. They are commonly used in tanks and pipelines.

Visual Inspection and Remote Monitoring:

Visual inspection, combined with remote monitoring technologies such as drones or robots, can help identify visible signs of corrosion and areas that require closer inspection.

The Role of AQOZA in Corrosion Monitoring

AQOZA specializes in providing state-of-the-art corrosion monitoring solutions to industries across the globe. Our Corrosion Monitoring Units (CMUs) are designed to offer accurate, real-time data on the corrosion rates of metallic assets. With a focus on durability, reliability, and ease of integration, AQOZA’s corrosion monitoring systems provide a comprehensive view of the health of your infrastructure.

Key Features of AQOZA’s Corrosion Monitoring Units:

Real-Time Data Collection: AQOZA’s CMUs continuously collect data on corrosion levels, providing real-time updates. This allows maintenance teams to take immediate action when corrosion reaches critical levels, reducing the risk of failures and costly downtime.

Remote Monitoring and Control: Our CMUs come equipped with remote monitoring capabilities, meaning you can access corrosion data from anywhere in the world. Whether you’re managing a global network of assets or monitoring a single site, AQOZA’s cloud-based system ensures that you have full control and visibility.

Customizable Solutions: Every industry and asset is unique, which is why AQOZA offers customizable corrosion monitoring solutions. Whether you need a solution for a pipeline, storage tank, or offshore platform, we tailor our products to meet your specific requirements.

Predictive Maintenance Insights: By leveraging the data from AQOZA’s CMUs, businesses can implement predictive maintenance strategies. Our systems analyze trends in corrosion data, allowing for accurate forecasting of when maintenance or replacement will be required.

User-Friendly Interface: AQOZA’s corrosion monitoring units feature a user-friendly interface that simplifies data interpretation. With clear, easy-to-read dashboards and reports, our systems ensure that operators and maintenance teams can quickly understand the health of their assets and take necessary actions.

Compliance and Reporting: AQOZA’s CMUs help businesses maintain compliance with industry regulations by providing detailed, accurate reports that can be used for audits and inspections. Our systems are designed to meet the highest standards of safety and regulatory compliance.

Industries That Benefit from Corrosion Monitoring Units

Corrosion monitoring is crucial in a wide variety of industries, including:

Oil and Gas: Pipelines, offshore platforms, and storage tanks are all vulnerable to corrosion. CMUs can help monitor these assets, reducing the risk of leaks and spills.

Petrochemicals: In petrochemical plants, corrosion can lead to equipment failure and product contamination. Regular monitoring ensures the safety and efficiency of operations.

Power Generation: Power plants rely on the integrity of their boilers, turbines, and other equipment. CMUs help detect early signs of corrosion, preventing costly failures.

Marine and Offshore: Corrosion in marine environments is particularly aggressive. Monitoring helps protect ships, rigs, and platforms from structural damage and operational disruptions.

Conclusion

Corrosion is an ongoing challenge for industries that rely on metallic infrastructure, but with the right tools, businesses can manage and mitigate its effects. Corrosion Monitoring Units (CMUs) provide a proactive approach to corrosion management, offering real-time insights and enabling predictive maintenance. At AQOZA, we are committed to delivering cutting-edge solutions that enhance safety, reduce costs, and increase the lifespan of industrial assets.

By incorporating AQOZA’s CMUs into your corrosion management strategy, you’re investing in the future of your infrastructure. Contact us today to learn more about how our corrosion monitoring systems can help you protect your assets, ensure operational efficiency, and maintain compliance.

#odour control system #corrosion control units #pumping station odour control #corrosion monitoring units

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naturalfactorsb · 10 days ago

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Top Tips for Choosing a High-Quality Omega-3 Oil

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients known for their numerous health benefits, including heart health, brain function, and joint support. Incorporating omega-3s into your diet through supplements like fish oil can be beneficial, but selecting a high-quality product is key to reaping these advantages effectively. Here are some essential tips to help you choose the best omega-3 oil for your needs:

1. Purity and Source:** The source of omega-3 oil matters significantly. Look for oils sourced from small, cold-water fish such as anchovies, sardines, or mackerel. These fish generally have lower levels of contaminants like mercury compared to larger species. Ensure the product is molecularly distilled or purified to remove toxins and ensure purity.

2. Omega-3 Content: Check the label for the levels of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), the active forms of omega-3s that provide health benefits. Higher concentrations of EPA and DHA per serving indicate a more potent and effective product. Aim for a supplement that provides at least 1000 mg of combined EPA and DHA per serving for optimal health benefits.

3. Freshness and Oxidation: Omega-3 oils can oxidize over time, leading to a rancid taste and reduced effectiveness. Look for products that include antioxidants like vitamin E to maintain freshness. Choose supplements that are packaged in dark bottles or opaque capsules to protect against light exposure, which can accelerate oxidation.

4. Third-Party Testing: Ensure the omega-3 oil has been tested by a reputable third-party laboratory for purity, potency, and the absence of contaminants. Look for certifications from independent organizations such as IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) or USP (United States Pharmacopeia) to verify the product's quality and safety.

5. Form and Taste: Consider the form of omega-3 oil that best suits your preferences. Options include liquid oil, softgel capsules, or flavored formulations to mask any potential fishy taste. High-quality supplements typically have minimal to no fishy aftertaste, indicating thorough purification processes.

Choosing a high-quality omega-3 oil ensures you receive the maximum health benefits without exposure to harmful contaminants. By following these tips, you can make an informed decision when selecting an omega-3 supplement that supports your overall health and well-being. Incorporate omega-3s into your daily routine to promote heart health, cognitive function, and overall vitality.

Remember, it's always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions. Prioritize your health by choosing a trusted omega-3 supplement that meets your nutritional needs effectively.

Visit us : https://naturalfactors.com.au/

#omega-3 oil #high-quality omega-3 #fish oil #health supplements #omega-3 benefits #healthy fats #sustainable omega-3 #omega-3 sourcing #supplement guide #Natural Factors

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