#NucleicAcids

[symbiosisonlinepublishing]

𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐁𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲: Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, as it examines the molecular structures and functions of biological macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids.

𝐄𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐬: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They accelerate chemical reactions in cells, allowing them to occur at a rate compatible with life.

Visit @ https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/biochemistry/

[pathologylab]

With highly optimised extraction protocols. "One For All- Nucleic acid Extraction kit" is a boon for multiple automation friendly extraction platforms. "Let’s Count On The Best". https://www.genes2me.com/nucleic-acid-extraction-kit For more details, Call us at 18001214030 or drop us an email at social@genes2me.com

[biotechstudentlife]

Nucleic Acid MCQ 277 Link in bio ☝️ for more mcqs recommendations #nucleicacid #biology #science #microbiology #biotech #biochemistry #molecularbiology #research #genetics #scientist #dna #medicine #laboratory #biotechnologist #cellbiology #lab #microbiologist #medical #chemistry #biotechnologystudent #biologystudent #bio #biologymemes #lifescience #neet #bioinformatics #covid #zoology #microscope #bacteria (at Royal City Nanded) https://www.instagram.com/p/CpxYrFEv5Mu/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[zara-studies]

Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids made up of nucleotides which are covalently bonded to form the nucleic acid.

Inside the cells nucleus, nucleic acids are carried on the chromosomes. These are responsible for passing on genes from one generation to another when the cell divides.

The DNA is responsible for carrying genetic information for the distinct characteristic of an organism, and it organises the vital roles for the cells.

The RNA is transcribed from the nucleic acid DNA. RNA transfers in to the cytoplasm so that cells can synthesise the proteins which are responsible for genetic traits and also organising the vital activities.

[medicomunicare]

A third anti-COVID booster: against frail ones or for the possible immunity waning?

The mass vaccination programs primarily include the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine that has shown more than 90% efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. In a letter to The New England Journal of Medicine, publishing online yesterday September 1, an interdisciplinary team of physicians and public health experts at University of California San Diego measured the effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines among health workers at UC San Diego Health, most notably during the emergence of the highly transmissible delta virus variant and coincident with the end of the state's mask mandate, allowing fully vaccinated persons to forgo face coverings in most places. The letter's authors report that the effectiveness of both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines significantly waned over time. Both vaccines were granted emergency use authorization by the FDA in December 2020, with vaccinations of the UC San Diego Health work force beginning the same month for health care workers with direct, patient-facing duties. In the letter, the authors note that from March through June 2021 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection was estimated to exceed 905; by July, however, it had fallen to approximately 65%. Despite experiencing a drop in infection rate soon after initiation of vaccination, Israel has faced a sharp rise in new infections, including vaccine breakthrough infections during June-July 2021, because of the predominantly circulating Delta variant. The emergence of vaccine breakthrough cases could be due to waning vaccine efficacy or immune escape ability of the dDelta variant. Given the waning vaccine efficacy, the Israeli government has initiated a third-booster dose vaccination program in August 2021. Initially, individuals aged 30 years or above and high-risk populations have been prioritized for the third booster dose, which is administered at least 5 months after the second dose immunization. Alike Israel, the USA, and UK governments have decided to immunize their residents with a third booster dose. In a latest study, the scientists have examined the efficacy of a third booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in comparison to the original two-dose regimen. Among individuals who had received two vaccine doses and were tested for SARS-CoV2, about 5.6% exhibited a positive test result. In contrast, only 3.6% of individuals who had received the third booster dose tested positive for SARS-CoV2. The frequency of a positive test result was highest among individuals who had not received the third dose or those who had received the third dose within 7 days of testing positive. In contrast, the frequency was lowest among individuals who had received the third dose more than two weeks before testing positive. Although no marginal effectiveness of the third dose compared to the two-dose regimen was observed within 7 days of the administration, about 48% and 79% increase in marginal effectiveness were observed 7-13 days and 14-20 days after administration of the third booster dose, respectively. Since the booster vaccination program has been introduced only recently, the study could not provide the long-term effectiveness of the third vaccine dose. Moreover, the efficacy of the third dose against severe COVID-19 has not been addressed in the study. Overall, the study highlights the significance of a third vaccine dose in counteracting waning vaccine immunity. The authors conclude on the importance of rapidly reinstating key interventions, such as indoor masking and intensive testing strategies, plus continuing efforts to boost vaccination rates. Edited by Dr. Gianfrancesco Cormaci, PhD, specialist in Clinical Biochemistry. Scientifc references Keehner J et al. New Engl J Med 2021 Sept 1. Patalon T et al. medRxiv 2021 Aug 29:21262792. Keehner J et al. New Engl J Med 2021; 385(2):e8. Read the full article

[bestceramics]

As COVID-19 situation in Chongqing today, we are queuing up for a nucleic acid testing, and as the planning of national nucleic acid testing would be complete at 4am, Nov, 4. Around millions people. That’s the speed of China. . . . #covidfree #covid_19 #nucleicacid #chinesespeed #speedlist #japanesetea #teaceremony #teaculture #teasets #teaforyou #teaforlife #ceramitique #bestceramics #teapots #gongfutea #teacups #teatable https://www.instagram.com/p/CVzRl6ErAlA/?utm_medium=tumblr

[lucasciences]

A continuous source of the amino acids that make proteins, nucleic acids in DNA and RNA (lower right), and lipids that form membranes due to the hydrophobic effect (lower left), would most likely have been the hydrothermal vents (upper left) at the boundaries of continental plates. The primordial soup or the “warm little pond” that Darwin suggested that all life formed from may have indeed been the entire ocean in which these chemical reactions could have taken place. Credit: Vossman/CC BY-SA 3.0, tanakawho/CC BY 2.0, NOAA/public domain, and Supercarwaar/CC BY-SA 4.0. #science #solarsystem #lucasciences #planet #biology #lifeonearth #hydrothermal #hydrophobic #yellowstonenationalpark #cells #rna #nucleicacids #geochemistry https://www.instagram.com/p/Bww9Joeh66o/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=132pvi95ik1bd

[pjhstore-id]

Jual  Nucleic Acid Extraction System (NFAST 32A) – Uni Medica

Untuk order dan info lebih lanjut bisa klik tautan berikut.

[mmthemayoarts]

nucleicacid replied to your photoset “I draw my OCs very rarely, but managed doodle some ships stuff, ay”

EY I HAVE A FEW QUESTIONS 1) Who is that lady with Sfaira 2) Who is that entity thing with Eas. Thank u

The lady is a new character :D I still can’t settle for a name for her tho, didn’t go too far with my ideas  yet, it’s mostly like ‘’ give.... Sfaira.... a gf....’’

And the mysterious binch is Eter ! I drew him before , but never in his full outfit. He’s really extra and is always covered like that when on his duty, almost no one knows how he looks like. Especially not Eas, who doesn’t even catch the flirt attempts :>

[hqdvape]

Starting Dec 14th, Hong Kong Cancel the "waiting for testing" nucleic acid

Starting Dec 14th, Hong Kong Cancel the "waiting for testing" arrangement at airports for people traveling between Hong Kong and the Mainland and Macau, passengers can pass within 48 hours with a negative nucleic acid test certificate

[symbiosisonlinepublishing]

𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬: Biosensors can be used to detect and measure levels of specific molecules in blood, urine, and other bodily fluids. This information can be used to diagnose diseases, monitor the progression of diseases, and track the effectiveness of treatment. 𝐄𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠: Biosensors can be used to detect and measure pollutants in air, water, and soil. This information can be used to track the levels of pollutants in the environment, and to identify sources of pollution.

Visit: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/biosensors-biomarkers-diagnostics/

[pathologylab]

Maximize accuracy, efficiency, and consistency in your diagnostic lab with Genes2Me nucleic acid extraction kits! Extract high-quality nucleic acids quickly and easily from various sample types for downstream analyses. Versatile, cost-effective, and designed to eliminate human error, these kits are a must-have for research and accurate diagnosis. ORDER NOW!!! https://t2m.io/rapi-q-poc-rtpcr For more details, Call us at 18001214030 or drop us an email at social@genes2me.com for an appointment

[biotechstudentlife]

Nucleic Acids MCQ 120 Link in bio ☝ for more mcqs #nucleicacid #biotechnology #biotechnologist #biology (at Los Angeles, California) https://www.instagram.com/p/Ci7Df7kPSym/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[medicomunicare]

Investigations on ALS: to adjust "protangleins", could you put the right tool out of the "pocket"?

ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, affects over 100,000 people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments, largely due to a poor understanding of how the disease begins and progresses at the molecular level, so it is invariably fatal. Among the pivotal cellular phenomena, the researchers noted that the motor neurons of ALS patients contain excessive aggregation of a protein called TDP-43. Because the TDP-43 proteins blocked in these aggregates cannot perform their normal function, scientists believe this accumulation contributes to motor neuron degeneration, the hallmark of ALS. A few years ago it was understood why these aggregates appear: it is cellular stress due to the formation of free radicals (ROS). Although the formation of these intermediates is a normal phenomenon in all cells, in the case of ALS, scientists suspect that there are environmental toxins that over time lengthen the production of ROS, eventually causing the aggregation of the mutated TDP-43 protein. It is possible, according to experts, that there is a threshold for which small aggregates of TDP-43 are not relatively toxic to motor neurons; it is only the passage of time that enlarges the aggregates and makes them a problem for the nerve cells. Furthermore, even after stress has been relieved, the agglutination of TDP-43 persists in ALS motor neurons, but not in healthy neurons. The team then analyzed and identified chemical compounds that prevent this persistent accumulation of TDP-43 induced by cellular stress. These compounds also increased neuron survival with TDP-43 proteins containing an ALS-associated mutation. Normally, TDP-43 proteins help process cellular messenger RNAs, which serve as genetic blueprints for making proteins (protein synthesis). But when they aggregate outside the nucleus, TDP-43 proteins cannot perform their normal duties and this can have a profound effect on many cellular functions. The first effect is that the production of specific cellular proteins cannot occur, since the RNAs are not processed. By generating motor neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that had been converted from human skin cells, a team from the University of San Diego, California, a few years ago, to mimic the cellular aspects of ALS exposed these laboratory motor neurons to toxins. which stressed the cells. After the exposure, the cellular entanglements of TDP-43 appeared. Among the toxins was the old antibiotic puromycin, which also inhibits protein synthesis and triggers the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR). Researchers have tested thousands of chemical compounds for their effects on protein aggregation with RNAs. They were surprised to find compounds that not only reduced the overall amount of aggregation by up to 75%, but also varied the size and number of aggregates per cell. Some of the compounds tested were molecules with extensive aromatic regions (arms that allow them to insert into nucleic acids). TDP-43, in fact, must bind RNA to join the protein tangles associated with ALS. This too is previously unrecognized information: TDP-43 aggregates are not just proteins, but trap partner RNAs that must be translated into proteins. According to the scientists, these compounds expand information to unravel the relationship between RNA-protein aggregations and neurological diseases. Many proteins that bind RNAs, in fact, use hydrophobic portions (called RRM, with the amino acids phenylalanine, glycine, valine and tryptophan) to pair with the bases of their nucleic acid. Therefore, it makes sense that a compound that interacts with RNA prevents TDP-43 from aggregating: it would act as a competitive base for base pairing. And the same information could open the basis for the synthesis of aromatic-structured drugs that prevent TDP-43 from aggregating and sequestering cellular RNAs away from normal protein synthesis. But hydrophobicity is apparently a problem that also afflicts the main mutant protein of ALS: superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Researchers at Sastra Deemed University in India have verified that the SOD aggregates that occur in the disease are due to the fact that the mutation causes the protein to change its solubility: from hydrophilic it becomes more hydrophobic, and it is precisely the hydrophobic regions of the protein a cause the appearance of aggregates similar to those of TDP-43. Incidentally, SOD1 is an enzyme responsible for the removal of certain cellular ROS, a function that appears to be lost following the mutation. The problem is that it's unclear whether it's the SOD1 mutation that triggers her aggregation or it's the normal cellular ROS that over time do this for her. Incidentally, this modification is associated with the formation of an internal molecular bridge to the protein that should not exist: a disulfide bridge (S-S) that simulates both the oxidation of the protein and reduces its solubility. To reverse the problem, there are research groups that are investigating chemical compounds that can act as selective antioxidants or change the "diseased" conformation of SOD1. Particularly selective would be circular, enlarged-ring sulfur compounds, which seem to prefer to attach themselves to residue 111 of the protein. A prototype of these substances is called 1,2-dithian-1-oxide, which opens and forms a bridge between two mutant SOD1 monomers and prevents them from irreversibly aggregating. This compound was tested in 2018 by Dr. Donnelly's group at the University of A second compound that would do the same job is called ebselen: it is an antioxidant molecule with an enzymatic-like action because it contains a selenium atom. This also opens up like the previous compound and prevents the diseased protein from clumping together. Not only that, ebselen contains two aromatic groups, which would make it a potential drug to target TDP-43 aggregates as well. A stroke of luck, defined as "killing two birds with one stone". This possibility is being investigated by two separate research groups. One of them, from the University of Arizona, led by Professor Khanna, has identified a partially aromatic compound (nTRD22) that prevents the TDP-43 protein from aggregating with a head-tail mechanism. This prevented the mutated protein from sequestering its partner RNA and improved motor coordination in an ALS model in Drosophila. A limitation that has delayed the engineering of molecules against ALS is the fact that, unfortunately, both SOD1 and TDP-43 do not have protein "pockets" in which to accommodate molecules of a certain diameter. Possibly this is also one of the factors for which the molecules tested to date are partially effective, but do not have a great selectivity. This is prompting experts to consider the underlying cellular processes of ALS as more worthy of targeting. The metabolic alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation that are known to intervene in the pathogenetic process seem to be more easily attacked. Also because many proteins belonging to these processes have a structure in which there are molecular "pockets" and others have molecules or drugs already known and / or validated. - edited by Dr. Gianfrancesco Cormaci, PhD, specialist in Clinical Biochemistry. Scientific references Francois ML et al. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2(4):1158-1166. Mollasalehi N et al. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15(11):2854-59. Yerbury J, Cashman NR. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102997. Anzai I et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020; 147:187-199. Tompa DR et al. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 145:904-913. Hedl TJ et al. Front Neurosci. 2019 Jun 11; 13:548-57. Mandrioli J et al. BMJ Open. 2019 May 30; 9(5):028486. Read the full article