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manselllaw · 7 months ago

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New York City Employment Contract Lawyer

Helping Workers in New York City Understand and Navigate the Terms and Conditions of Employment

Starting a new job? It is important to understand the terms of your employment before entering into a contract. Likewise, if you receive a new agreement from your current employer, it is essential to fully understand the new or updated terms to which you are agreeing. It is far easier and less costly to address the issues beforehand, rather than contend with litigation as a result of a contract dispute. Contact us to review and potentially negotiate the terms of your employment contracts. Our NYC employment contract lawyers can help you understand the terms and potential risks associated with signing the contract.

What Should I Look for in an Employment Contract?

Without a contract, employment in New York operates on an at-will basis. In an at-will employment relationship, an employee can quit or be fired at any time, without any requirement for one party to give notice to the other or provide any reason for the separation. An employment contract changes that. In a contractual employment relationship, your rights to continued employment are governed by the terms of the contract. If you are terminated in violation of the contract, you have a breach of contract claim against your employer and could sue in court for damages caused by the breach.

An employment contract could be a simple document of only a few pages, or it could be several pages long, densely packed with legalese designed to protect the employer as much as possible. Employment contracts typically cover the employee’s start date, pay and benefits, and other terms and conditions of employment. Importantly, the contract may set out grounds for termination. The agreement might list specific grounds or might give general assurances of continued employment based on good behavior, positive evaluations or performance reviews, etc. These guarantees are essential when considering whether you were wrongfully terminated in the event you get fired.

Employment agreements are generally express, written contracts, but a contract can be formed in other ways as well. For example, a contract could be implied based on verbal promises, actions by the employer, or statements made in company policies or employee handbooks. An experienced New York employment lawyer will be able to review your situation and argue whether an employment contract exists and what its boundaries are.

Other Employment Contracts

In addition to general employment contracts, Mansell Law can help you resolve questions surrounding other agreements tied to the employment relationship, including:

Severance Review & Negotiations

Non-Compete & Non-Solicitation Agreements

Nondisclosure Agreements

In some positions, it’s possible you would learn company trade secrets or gain access to confidential information as part of the job. A nondisclosure agreement is meant to keep you from sharing such information with competitors or disclosing it publicly. Even threatening to reveal confidential information could be a violation of a nondisclosure agreement. These employment contracts might alsoncontain liquidated damages provisions that punish the employee beyond any actual damages caused by disclosure. Nondisclosure agreements can be mutually negotiated or unilaterally imposed by the employer. Our experienced New York employment law attorneys can help you negotiate a fair agreement or review any agreement handed to you so that you understand its terms.

Confidentiality Agreements

If you sign a confidentiality agreement, you are agreeing to keep confidential any privileged information you learn about the employer’s business or trade secrets. A company’s customer list, for example, might be considered confidential or proprietary information. To be enforceable, confidentiality agreements must be carefully drafted to define what information is to be kept confidential. Unlike non-compete agreements, which must be reasonably limited in their duration, a confidentiality agreement can be kept in force for as long as the company keeps its information confidential.

Tortious Interference With Contractual Relations

New York courts recognize a civil cause of action for tortious interference with contractual relations. The elements of this type of lawsuit include:

There was a valid contract between two parties

The defendant knew about the contract’s existence

The defendant’s interference caused a breach of the contract

The defendant’s interference was intentional and improper

The plaintiff suffered damages as a result

An example of this tort in the employment context could be if your supervisor fires you when he or she actually did not have the authority to. Perhaps they were misclassified as an executive employee but had no actual authority to hire or fire. As a tort-based claim, your ability to collect money damages from the defendant is broader than it would be in a breach of contract action. You might also have a wrongful termination claim against your employer. #New York City Employment Contract Lawyer visit our site : https://www.newyorkcity-employmentlawyer.com/nyc-employment-contract-lawyer/

#New York City Employment Contract Lawyer

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beardedmrbean · 2 months ago

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A jury has awarded $2.78 million to an au pair whose employer used a hidden camera to videotape her while she slept in their New York City home.

The jury in Brooklyn federal court ordered Michael and Danielle Esposito to pay Kelly Andrade $780,000 for emotional distress and $2 million in punitive damages for the camera that Michael Esposito had placed over Andrade’s bed after she moved in to their Staten Island home to care for their four children.

The Sept. 12 civil verdict resolved the lawsuit Andrade filed in 2021 against the Espositos. She settled earlier with the agency that had placed her with the couple, Massachusetts-based Cultural Care Au Pair, for an undisclosed sum.

According to court papers, Andrade was living in Colombia when she signed a contract with Cultural Care in 2020. In order to move to the United States and secure an au pair placement, Andrade had to pay a fee, take courses in child care and accrue 200 hours of child care experience.

After completing the training, Andrade moved to the United States in March 2021 and was placed in the Espositos’ home, where she was given a bedroom, her lawsuit said.

Andrade noticed over the next few weeks that the smoke detector over her bed was constantly being repositioned.

She examined the smoke detector and found a hidden camera with a memory card that contained hundreds of recordings of her nude or getting dressed and undressed, the lawsuit said.

Andrade “did not have knowledge of the surveillance device and did not give the defendant permission or authority to record her in any way,” according to the lawsuit.

Immediately after Andrade discovered the hidden camera, Michael Esposito arrived home and tried to get her to leave the house, the lawsuit said. She locked herself inside the bedroom. He tried to break the door down, and she escaped through a window, went to the police and filed a complaint against the Espositos.

Michael Esposito was arrested but avoided jail time by pleading guilty to a second-degree felony charge of unlawful surveillance. After completing one year of counseling, he was allowed to withdraw his felony plea and plead to a misdemeanor charge of attempted unlawful surveillance.

Andrade, who is now 28 and living in New Jersey, believes that justice was not served in the criminal case, as Esposito “only received probation and was able to continue living his life,” an attorney for Andrade, Johnmack Cohen, said in an email.

But she is happy with the civil verdict, Cohen said.

“We hope that Ms. Andrade’s case will inspire other sexual harassment victims to speak up and seek justice as Ms. Andrade was able to do,” he added.

A lawyer for the Espositos, Michael Gervasi, said the pair “are exploring all post-verdict options, including an appeal.”

#nunyas news

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indexblogging · 13 days ago

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Understanding Your Rights: What Labor Attorneys Can Do for You

In New York City, where commerce and opportunity abound, both employees and small business owners face a myriad of challenges when it comes to labor laws. These laws play a crucial role in shaping the employment landscape, ensuring fair treatment, and safeguarding the rights of workers and employers alike.

Understanding the intricacies of labor laws in New York is essential for navigating potential legal hurdles and maintaining a harmonious workplace.

Why You Might Need a Labor Attorney

There are several scenarios where seeking the advice of a labor attorney in NYC becomes not just beneficial, but necessary. For employees, facing issues such as wrongful termination, workplace harassment, or wage disputes might necessitate legal intervention to protect their rights and ensure fair treatment. On the other hand, small business owners may require legal counsel to draft employment contracts, resolve disputes, or handle compliance issues.

The Role of a Labor Attorney

Labor attorney in New york specialize in employment law and play a vital role in advocating for the rights and interests of their clients. For employees, they offer representation in negotiations, mediations, and litigation, ensuring that their rights are upheld and grievances are addressed.

Business owners, meanwhile, benefit from their expertise in drafting employment agreements, navigating regulatory requirements, and defending against legal claims.

They provide invaluable insights into the legal landscape, empowering clients to make informed decisions that align with their goals and values.

How to Choose the Right Labor Attorney in NYC

It's essential to find an attorney who not only understands labor laws but also appreciates the unique challenges faced by employees and small business owners in New York City.

When searching for an attorney, ask pertinent questions about their approach and past successes. Look for someone who communicates effectively, demonstrates empathy, and is committed to achieving favorable results for their clients.

Personal referrals, online reviews, and initial consultations are valuable resources in identifying an attorney who aligns with your needs.

Conclusion

Whether you're facing an employment dispute or seeking to safeguard your business interests, consulting a reputable labor attorney in nyc / New york is a proactive measure that can prevent future complications and enhance your overall peace of mind.

If you find yourself grappling with labor-related challenges, don't hesitate to seek legal advice from a qualified employment lawyer in NYC.

With their expertise, you'll be well-equipped to tackle any issue that comes your way and achieve the best possible outcome for your situation.

#labor attorney in nyc / New york #labor attorney in nyc #labor attorney in New york #new york labor attorney

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mundmcdonald · 5 months ago

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The Benefits of Hiring a Supermarket Lawyer in NYC

The role of a supermarket lawyer in NYC is often overlooked, yet their services can provide numerous benefits to both supermarket owners and employees. One of the main advantages of hiring a supermarket lawyer is their expertise in navigating the complex legal landscape of the city. Supermarkets must adhere to a variety of regulations and laws, ranging from food safety guidelines to employment laws. A skilled lawyer can help ensure that the supermarket is in compliance with all relevant regulations, reducing the risk of costly legal disputes or fines.

Furthermore, a supermarket lawyer can also provide valuable guidance in areas such as contract negotiation and dispute resolution. Supermarkets frequently enter into contracts with suppliers, vendors, and other business partners, and having a lawyer review these agreements can help protect the supermarket’s interests and prevent any potential misunderstandings or conflicts. In the event of a dispute, a lawyer can work to resolve the issue efficiently and effectively, minimizing the impact on the supermarket’s operations.

In addition, a supermarket lawyer can also provide valuable assistance in matters relating to employment law. Supermarkets employ a large number of workers, and ensuring compliance with labor regulations is crucial to avoiding potential legal issues. A lawyer can help draft employment contracts, create workplace policies, and provide guidance on issues such as wage and hour laws and workplace discrimination. By having a lawyer on retainer, supermarkets can proactively address any employment-related legal concerns and protect themselves from costly lawsuits.

Overall, hiring a supermarket lawyer in New York can provide numerous benefits to supermarkets of all sizes. From ensuring compliance with legal regulations to providing guidance in contract negotiation and employment law matters, a skilled lawyer can help protect the supermarket’s interests and reduce the risk of legal complications. By investing in legal counsel, supermarket owners can focus on running their businesses with the peace of mind that comes from knowing they have a knowledgeable advocate in their corner.

#supermarket lawyer in New York

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tocitynews · 5 months ago

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Former Second In Command Of US Navy Arrested In Alleged Bribery Scheme Linked To Tech Company NextJump – New York City reporting

Co-CEOs of the tech company NextJump, who employed the former U.S. Navy Admiral Robert Burke with a $500,000 salary after he retired, were also charged in the alleged bribery scheme.

Robert Burke, who served as vice chief of naval operations, faces federal charges including bribery and conspiracy for what prosecutors allege was a corrupt scheme that led to the company hiring him after his retirement in 2022 with a starting annual salary of $500,000. He oversaw naval operations in Europe, Russia, and most of Africa.

Also charged in the case are Yongchul “Charlie” Kim and Meghan Messenger, who are co-chief executive officers of the company. The company is not named in court papers, but Kim and Messenger are named as the CEOs on the website for a company called NextJump, which provides training programs.

“The law does not make exceptions for admirals or CEOs. Those who pay and receive bribes must be held accountable,�� said Matthew Graves, the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia. “The urgency is at its greatest when, as here, senior government officials and senior executives are allegedly involved in the corruption.”

Burke, 62, of Coconut Creek, Florida, made his initial appearance in Miami on Friday but didn’t enter a plea during the hearing, according to defense attorney Timothy Parlatore. The lawyer said Burke will plead not guilty and intends to clear his name at trial.

Kim and Messenger’s company provided a workforce training pilot program to a component of the Navy from August 2018 through July 2019. The Navy terminated the pilot program in late 2019 and directed the company not to contact Burke.

But the two company executives arranged to meet with Burke in Washington, D.C., in July 2021. During the meeting, Kim and Messenger proposed that Burke use his Navy position to steer them a contract in exchange for future employment at the company, the indictment alleges.

In December 2021, Burke ordered his staff to award a $355,000 contract to train personnel under Burke’s command in Italy and Spain, according to the indictment. Burke began working at the company in October 2022.

#bribery #us navy

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glorialawnyc · 1 year ago

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Navigating the Intricacies of the E3 Visa Journey with a Seasoned E3 Visa Lawyer in NYC

For Australian citizens seeking professional opportunities in the United States, the E3 visa presents a unique and promising pathway. Tailored exclusively for Australian professionals, this visa category necessitates specific qualifications and documentation. However, embarking upon the intricate voyage of the E3 visa process can be a formidable task, underscoring the importance of seeking the guidance of an experienced E3 visa lawyer in the bustling metropolis of New York City. Within this all-encompassing guide, we shall unravel the pivotal role played by an E3 visa lawyer and elucidate how their expertise can prove invaluable throughout the application process.

Grasping the Essence: Unveiling the E3 Visa

The E3 visa stands as a non-immigrant visa category, meticulously crafted to cater exclusively to Australian citizens aspiring to engage in specialized occupations within the United States. Sharing resemblances with the H-1B visa category, the E3 visa boasts unique features that set it apart. To lay a solid foundation, it is crucial to comprehend some key aspects of the E3 visa:

The E3 visa mandates a job offer from a U.S. employer, encompassing a specialty occupation that necessitates a specific educational background or an equivalent level of experience.

Initially granted for a period of up to two years, the E3 visa can be extended in two-year increments, enabling individuals to embark upon prolonged professional journeys.

Spouses of E3 visa holders are entitled to work authorization in the United States, and children can pursue educational opportunities.

The Role of an E3 Visa Lawyer: Illuminating the Pathway

An E3 visa lawyer based in NYC specializes in the intricate realm of immigration law, boasting extensive experience in handling E3 visa cases. They emerge as a pivotal figure, expertly guiding you through the multifaceted application process and ensuring unwavering compliance with the stringent requirements set forth by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Here, we unveil the invaluable ways in which an E3 visa lawyer can assist you:

2.1 Assessing Eligibility: Navigating the Maze

An E3 visa lawyer NYC diligently evaluates your qualifications to determine your eligibility for the coveted E3 visa category. They meticulously scrutinize your educational background, work experience, and the job offer at hand, ensuring they seamlessly align with the specific requirements stipulated for the visa.

2.2 Guiding the Journey of the Job Offer: A Stalwart Companion Securing a job offer from a U.S. employer stands as an indispensable requirement for the E3 visa. An E3 visa lawyer adroitly guides you through the intricate labyrinth of negotiating and finalizing the terms of your employment contract. They ensure that the job offer satisfies the criteria of a specialty occupation and flawlessly complies with the plethora of regulations governing the visa category.

#e3 visa lawyer nyc

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polawyer · 2 years ago

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Rafferty Lawyer: Everything You Need to Know About This Prominent Law Firm

PO Lawyer - If you're looking for a reliable,prominent, and experienced law firm, Rafferty Lawyer might be the one for you. Based in New York, the firm has been providing legal services for years, earning a reputation for their commitment to clients and impressive success rates. Rafferty Lawyer is a full-service law firm with offices in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County. Founded by Patrick Rafferty, the prominent law firm has been operating for over two decades, earning a reputation for their professionalism and expertise in various legal fields. They specialize in personal injury, criminal defense, civil litigation, employment law, and business law, among others.

What Are the Areas of Expertise of Rafferty Lawyer?

Rafferty Lawyer's areas of expertise include: Personal Injury Rafferty Lawyer has extensive experience in handling personal injury cases, including automobile accidents, slip and fall accidents, medical malpractice, and wrongful death. Related : Consult a Lawyer for Free: Your Ultimate Guide They work tirelessly to help clients recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and other damages. Criminal Defense The firm has a team of skilled criminal defense attorneys who represent clients facing criminal charges, including drug offenses, white-collar crimes, and sex crimes. They work to protect the rights of their clients and ensure that they receive a fair trial. Civil Litigation Rafferty Lawyer handles civil litigation cases, including breach of contract, property disputes, and employment litigation. Their experienced litigators represent clients in both state and federal courts. Employment Law The firm also provides legal services related to employment law, including discrimination, sexual harassment, wrongful termination, and wage and hour disputes. Their attorneys work to protect the rights of employees and ensure that they receive fair treatment in the workplace. Business Law Rafferty Lawyer provides legal services to businesses, including contract drafting and negotiation, entity formation, and mergers and acquisitions. Their attorneys work closely with business owners to ensure that their legal needs are met.

What Makes Rafferty Lawyer Stand Out?

Several factors set Rafferty Lawyer apart from other law firms. These include: Related : The Importance of Hiring an Attorney for Bankruptcy 1. Personalized Attention Rafferty Lawyer is committed to providing personalized attention to every client. They take the time to understand each client's unique needs and develop a customized legal strategy to achieve the best possible outcome. 2. Experienced Attorneys Related : Attorney for Workers Comp: What You Need to Know The firm has a team of experienced attorneys who are dedicated to providing high-quality legal services. They have a track record of success in various legal fields, and they use their knowledge and expertise to achieve the best possible results for their clients. 3. Proven Results Rafferty Lawyer has a proven track record of success, with numerous successful verdicts and settlements in various legal fields. Their attorneys work tirelessly to ensure that their clients receive the compensation they deserve. 4. Client-Focused Approach The firm's client-focused approach ensures that clients receive the attention and care they deserve. They keep clients informed throughout the legal process, answer their questions promptly, and work to alleviate their concerns. Related : Family Law Attorneys Near You: a Comprehensive Guide Rafferty Lawyer is a prominent law firm with a reputation for excellence in various legal fields. They provide personalized attention, experienced attorneys, proven results, and a client-focused approach that sets them apart from other law firms. Whether you need legal services related to personal injury, criminal defense, civil litigation, employment law, or business law, Rafferty Lawyer has the expertise and commitment to achieve the best possible outcome.

Frequently Asked Questions about Rafferty Lawyer

- How long has Rafferty Lawyer been in business? Rafferty Lawyer has been operating for over two decades, providing legal services to clients in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County. - What areas of law does Rafferty Lawyer specialize in? Rafferty Lawyer specializes in various areas of law, including personal injury, criminal defense, civil litigation, employment law, and business law, among others. - Does Rafferty Lawyer provide personalized attention to clients? Yes, Rafferty Lawyer is committed to providing personalized attention to every client. They take the time to understand each client's unique needs and develop a customized legal strategy to achieve the best possible outcome. - What sets Rafferty Lawyer apart from other law firms? Rafferty Lawyer's experienced attorneys, proven results, and client-focused approach set them apart from other law firms. They work tirelessly to ensure that their clients receive the compensation they deserve. - How can I contact Rafferty Lawyer for legal services? You can contact Rafferty Lawyer by visiting their website, calling their office, or sending an email. Their website provides information on their areas of expertise, attorneys, and contact details. We will provide information on Lawyers and Attorneys and Lawyers Near Me, Bankruptcy Attorneys, Personal Injury Lawyer, Auto Accident Lawyer, Family Lawyer and others. Don’t forget. With. Development Perfect Organiztion Lawyer by clicking on the link. In. Lower. This : Facebook. (By clicking on this link, you will be logged into PO Lawyer Facebook) Let’s click now. Or you can see our Twitter or you can visit our Google News. Check Channels YouTube For Look Lawyers Information us Visually Come on Now Join Us. Read the full article

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wildeslaw · 2 years ago

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Top 5 Scenarios Where You Must Consult An Immigration Attorney In Florida

People usually face immigration issues because it is challenging to understand immigration law. The whole process is overwhelming, and If you are an immigrant, you may come across several challenges to overcome. Even if you have some idea about immigration laws, you still find it difficult to answer all the questions and fill out the paperwork properly.

The complexity of immigration laws and difficult terminology may lead to the rejection of your application. That’s why it is wise to have an Immigration Attorney in New York City on your side to handle your issues. These attorneys have years of experience to advise you on the best course of action and properly represent your case in court with accurate documents.

In this write-up, we will discuss 5 scenarios where you need the guidance of a qualified attorney to ensure desired success.

Business Immigration

If you are dealing with an employment-based visa issue, an Immigration lawyer can provide the best solution to work abroad legally. On the other hand, if you want to hire foreigners, an attorney can help you know what the law allows. Moreover, you can get guidance in a review of contracts, labor conditions, labor visas, projects abroad, and more.

Family Immigration

Immigration laws are so complicated that not all family relationships qualify for green card approval. Even though you may be eligible to bring your family member to the States, you will need help to provide evidence or appropriately fill out the required forms. As a result, consulting an experienced immigration lawyer and following the correct procedures are the best ways to navigate the family immigration system.

These lawyers know how important it is to provide precise information on the forms to receive a favorable result in your case. With the help of an immigration lawyer, you certainly take the best route to the fastest approval for your family-based visa requirements.

Naturalization

A qualified attorney will help you to convert your green card status into a U.S. citizen by meeting all the eligibility requirements. An attorney will handle the application process and prepare you for the naturalization examination. Passing this exam is necessary to become a U.S. citizen and achieve benefits such as the right to vote, protection from deportation, and more.

Apart from helping in the process of citizenship for higher-level jobs, an immigration attorney can help you if you want to marry a foreigner or have a child outside the country. Qualified attorneys are dedicated to providing the best possible solution for you and give all the necessary information regarding the conditions, requirements, and procedures.

Non-Immigrant Visa :

Obtaining a non-immigrant visa allows you to stay in a country for a specific amount of time due to some specific purpose. First, you must decide which type of visa will work best for your situation, and for that immigration attorney will help you to get a clear understanding of different types of nonimmigrant visas.

He or she will break down the rules and permissions of each visa application type to help you apply for the most suitable one. It is important to know the correct type because not all visa types can allow your spouses and children to accompany you. A well-versed attorney helps you obtain the ideal non-immigrant visa as per your situation.

Visa For Fashion Model :

Professional fashion models from around the world come to the prominent fashion industry of the U.S. However, if a fashion model wants to work in the U.S. fashion industry, they must obtain a proper visa. Hiring an immigration attorney can help to prove the prominence with required documents, pictures, videos, and certification. Your attorney will guide you and prepare you thoroughly with all the paperwork. With the proper visa, a fashion model can walk prestigious runway shows, be an ambassador for a luxury brand, or join many campaigns.

Aside from the scenarios mentioned above, if you are facing deportation or have been accused of a criminal offense, it is essential to contact an immigration lawyer before removal proceedings begin. Hiring immigration attorneys in Florida will be your best chance to stay in the country. These attorneys help you to navigate the situations and represent your case to get the best possible results.

Conclusion

Not all legal immigration-related scenarios need the assistance of an immigration attorney. However, there will be different immigration cases that may have complexities, and there's a risk of handling these situations without a professional. Therefore, you must need the best immigration attorney in Florida who is familiar with your specific condition and provides the most suitable solution.

Wildes Weinberg, PC has a team of qualified and experienced attorneys to help individuals immigrate successfully. All our immigration experts are known for their prompt and efficient service. The hallmark of our law practice remains the individualized attention to its client’s problems and helping them to get the best outcome.

For further information, call us at 212-753-3468 and schedule a meeting with our team today!

#Immigration Attorney New York City #Immigration Lawyer NYC #NY Immigration Lawyers #Immigration Attorney NYC #Immigration Lawyers In New York #Best Immigration Attorney Florida #Best Immigration Lawyers Florida

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conradscrime · 3 years ago

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Typhoid Mary

December 31, 2021

Typhoid Mary, born Mary Mallon, was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland In 1869. It’s believed that Mary’s mother had been infected with typhoid when she had been pregnant with Mary, therefore, she had been born with it. When Mary was 15 she emigrated from Ireland to the US. She lived with her aunt and uncle for a period of time and worked as a maid, but eventually would become a cook for affluent families.

Between the years 1900-1907, Mary worked as a cook in New York City for 8 families, where 7 of these families contracted typhoid. In 1900, she worked in Mamaroneck, New York, for a family and within two weeks of working there, the residents developed typhoid.

In 1901, Mary moved to Manhattan, and this family began developing fevers and having diarrhea. The laundress for the family even died. Mary then went to work for a lawyer and then left with 7 out of the 8 people in the household became ill.

In June of 1904, Mary went to work for lawyer, Henry Gilsey. Within the first week of working, the laundress was infected with typhoid and 4 of the 7 servants had gotten sick shortly after. No members of Gilsey’s family himself had gotten infected because they lived in their house house, separate from the servants.

An investigator, Dr. R. L. Wilson concluded that the laundress had cause the typhoid outbreak, but he was unable to actually prove this. After this, Mary had left and moved to Tuxedo Park, and was hired by a man named George Kessler. Two weeks after this, the laundress of Kessler’s house was infected and taken to the medical centre, where her case of typhoid was the first they had seen in a long time.

In August of 1906, Mary took a position in Oyster bay on Long Island, for the family of a wealthy banker named Charles Henry Warren. Between August 27 to September 3, 6 out of 11 people in the family had gotten typhoid fever. Typhoid was considered “unusual” in Oyster Bay at the time, according to a couple of doctors who worked in the area. Due to the fact that the landlord knew they would not be able to rent a house that had a reputation of typhoid, some experts were hired to find the source of typhoid. These experts took water samples from pipes, toilets, and faucets, all of them were negative for typhoid.

Later in 1906, Mary was hired by Walter Bowen, who lived on Park Avenue. The maid got sick on January 23, 1907, and soon after Charles’ daughter had gotten typhoid and died from it. This was the case that helped identify that Mary Mallon was the source of all the typhoid infections happening.

An investigator named George Soper who was hired by Warren after the outbreak that happened in Oyster Bay and who had been determined to find out what was causing these outbreaks. It didn’t make sense that typhoid outbreaks were occurring in well to do families, where it was known to mostly occur in unsanitary environments.

This investigator had found out that a female Irish cook, who fit the physical description he was given, had been involved in all of the typhoid outbreaks. He could not locate this woman as she typically left after an outbreak began, and there was no forwarding address to find her next place of employment. Soper then found out there was an active outbreak at Park Avenue where Mary was the cook. Two of the servants there had been hospitalized.

Soper had met Mary in the kitchen and accused her of the typhoid outbreaks. Mary refused to given samples, so Soper had complied a 5 year history of her employment, finding that 7 out of 8 families she had worked for as a cook, had been infected with typhoid fever.

Soper found where Mary’s boyfriend lived and met up there. Soper took a man named Dr. Raymond Hoobler with him, to try to convince Mary to give samples of her urine and stool to analyze. Mary refused and said that typhoid was everywhere and the outbreaks were happening due to contaminated food and water. The fact that someone could be healthy and sill be a typhoid carrier was not known knowledge, even healthcare workers were unaware that this could happen.

Soper told the New York City Health Department, and the investigators there realized that Mary Mallon had to be a typhoid carrier. Mary was then arrested as a public health threat. She was forced into an ambulance, and had to be restrained before arriving at Willard Parker Hospital where she was forced to give samples.

For 4 days straight, she was not allowed to get up and use the bathroom on her own, and massive numbers of typhoid bacteria were found in her stool samples indicating that the infection was from her gallbladder. When Mary was questioned, she had admitted that she almost never washed her hands, though this was not unusual at the time, as germ theory of disease was not fully accepted in the early 20th century.

On March 19, 1907, Mary was sentenced to quarantine on North Brother Island, where she would give urine samples three times a week. Authorities had suggested to remove her gallbladder but Mary refused, saying she did not believe she carried the disease. Also during this time, gallbladder removal was dangerous and many people died from this procedure back then. Mary also did not want to stop working as a cook, a job that earned her more money than her previous jobs.

This case gained extensive media attention, where Mary was dubbed “Typhoid Mary.” Soper even visited Mary while she was in quarantine and told her he would write a book about it and give her part of the royalties. Mary rejected his idea and was so angry she locked herself in the bathroom and wouldn’t come out until he left. Mary hated the nickname she had been given from this, and wrote to her lawyer.

Some medical experts believed it was unfair to quarantine Mary, and that she would be able to live a normal life if she was taught how to carefully treat her condition and ensure it would not spread to others. Mary had suffered from a nervous breakdown after her arrest.

In 1909, Mary tried to sue the New York Health Department but her complaint was denied and closed by the Supreme Court. Mary complained to her lawyer that she was being treated like a guinea pig. She had to give samples three times a week but was refused an eye doctor, despite her eyelid being paralyzed during this time.

She was given urotropin in three month courses for a year, which is a threat to the kidneys. This was then changed to brewers yeast and hexamethylenamin, which would increase dosages as time went on.

Mary herself never believed she was a typhoid carrier. She had sent several samples to an independent New York laboratory and all of these samples had come back negative for typhoid. Almost a quarter of her analyses from March 1907 to June 1909 came back negative as well. After 2 years and 11 months of quarantine, the New York State Commissioner of Health decided that disease carriers should no longer be kept in isolation and Mary could be free if she stopped working as a cook.

On February 19, 1910, Mary said she was prepared to change her occupation and she would take hygienic precautions to protect those she came into contact with. She was then released.

Mary was given a job as a laundress, which did pay less than her job as a cook. At some point Mary had wounded her arm and the wound became infected, meaning she was unable to work for 6 months. After a few years Mary did begin to cook again and would use fake names to find jobs against health authorities instructions.

No agencies that hired servants for upscale families would hire her, so for the next 5 years Mary moved to the mass sector. She worked in various kitchens for restaurants, hotels and spa centres. Almost everywhere she worked, there would be typhoid outbreaks, but she would change jobs frequently so Soper was unable to find her during this time.

In 1915, Mary began to work at the Sloane Hospital for Women in New York City. Shortly after she began, 25 people were infected with typhoid and 2 died. The head obstetrician, Dr. Edward B. Cragin called Soper and asked him to investigate. Soper identified Mary as working there by the descriptions of her and her handwriting.

Mary fled, but the police found her and she was arrested. She returned to quarantine on North Brother Island on March 27, 1915. There is not much information known about Mary’s second quarantine, but she remained on the North Brother Island for more than 23 years, with authorities giving her a one story private cottage there.

In 1918, she was able to take day trips to the mainland. In 1925, Dr. Alexandra Plavska came to the island for an internship and offered Mary a job as a technician.

At some point, the press changed their opinions about Mary. Before thinking that she was fully to blame for everything happening, they turned to the belief that Mary did not know she was carrying anything and its the germs that she had no control over to be blamed.

Mary spent the rest of her life in quarantine at Riverside Hospital on North Brother Island. In 1932 she suffered from a stroke, and she was then confined to the hospital. She never completely recovered and half of her body was paralyzed. On November 11, 1938, Mary Mallon died of pneumonia at the age of 69. She was cremated and her ashes were buried at Saint Raymond’s Cemetery in the Bronx.

Research estimated that Mary had contaminated at least 122 people, including 5 people who died. Other sources claim this was attributed to 3 deaths but the exact number is unknown. Some estimate that contact with Mary may have caused 50 fatalities.

In the first quarter of the 20th century, other health typhoid carriers were announced. Tony Labella, an Italian immigrant is said to have caused over 100 cases with 5 deaths, a man dubbed “Typhoid John” is presumed to have infected 36 people with 2 deaths, and Alphonse Cotils who was a restaurateur and bakery owner was known to be a carrier.

There is a great debate on whether Mary Mallon should have been isolated from the world, as she was known to be the first individual who was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid. Many argue Mary knew she was a carrier as almost everywhere she worked would have an outbreak, and she would also hide from Soper and refuse to give samples. If this was the case, Mary would knowingly be letting people die. However, many believe that because she was the first asymptomatic carrier she had no idea, and it was unheard of at the time, she couldn’t possibly know she was the reason for the outbreaks at the time.

The case of Typhoid Mary helped health officials to identify other people who carried diseases that lie dormant in their systems, such as they believe typhoid was laying dormant in Mary’s gallbladder. Was it ethical to isolate Mary Mallon from the world for the rest of her days? Most believe not.

Have a safe New Year and I will be back in 2022 with more true crime cases! Thank you for the endless support in 2021. <3

#solved #true crime #Crime #disease #typhoid #mary #mystery

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manselllaw · 6 months ago

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NYC Employment Contract Lawyer

NYC Employment Lawyer NYC Employment Contract Lawyer

New York City Employment Contract Lawyer

Helping Workers in New York City Understand and Navigate the Terms and Conditions of Employment

What Should I Look for in an Employment Contract?

Other Employment Contracts

In addition to general employment contracts, Mansell Law can help you resolve questions surrounding other agreements tied to the employment relationship, including:

Severance Review & Negotiations

Non-Compete & Non-Solicitation Agreements

Nondisclosure Agreements

Confidentiality Agreements

#NYC Employment Contract Lawyer

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thethistlegirlwrites · 3 years ago

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Who Fights Monsters

For Honor. For Duty. For Family.

(I’ve been pretty conspicuously absent for the past half month after Camp Nano, but that’s because for some reason, this is the year of new ideas and shortly after finishing my Camp Nano goal, the first threads of what would become this story found their way to me. Half a month later I have the basis for what I’m planning as a collection of short stories in my Magic & Silver universe surrounding the Phelan pack, a family of fae lawyers in New York City. The stories will span the entire arc of the family’s NYC experiences, from the arrival of Jimmy Phelan during the Irish Potato Famine, to their experiences in a post-Registration world, once the strict fae codes that dominate life in my other books are repealed.)

A brief bio of the family below the cut!

New York City, 2019 Jimmy Phelan came to New York City with nothing more than a satchel and the wolf in his blood. Descended from a long line of Irish wolf shifters, Jimmy left the country when the potato famine decimated both the humans and the fae on the island. He started over in New York as a detective who discreetly handled magically-involved cases, especially for the fae community. When he met Bridget, a dressmaker, after investigating the theft of enchanted tools from her shop, the two of them fell in love and were married the next year.

Jimmy and Bridget had three children, Briana, the eldest, an unnamed son who died an infant, and their youngest, Jonah. Briana took after her mother, possessing water elemental powers, which made her shifter magic manifest as a selkie. Joe, like his father, became a werewolf. While Brie eventually left the hectic city for life in a small coastal Maine town, Joe stayed, and became a detective helping his father's burgeoning lawyer's business, investigating some of his cases more fully.

Joe fell in love with Abriana, an Italian werewolf who had come to the city for a fresh start, and the two of them married and started a family, raising their eldest son Tommy, their second child Kate, Charlie, and their youngest, Erin. Joe and Abby watched their two oldest grow up and follow the family involvement with law. They were building a family legal practice and seeing a great deal of success, their ability to work with the nuances of words and contracts making them a sought-after team.

None of them could have expected the damage the Fae Codes would inflict. Because of laws that demanded fae who owned property be registered, Joe eventually chose to register himself to protect Jimmy and Bridget from having to do so, and took over both ownership of the family brownstone and effectively the status of pack leader. Tom, who was married with his first daughter born when the registration laws were passed, decided to keep his family off the registry, and moved in with his parents, grandparents, and youngest sister in the brownstone.

Charlie, fearing that the laws would only become more strict and that they were going to become trapped, forced to submit to harsher and harsher restrictions, fled to an off the grid wolf colony upstate. None of his family has seen him since, and they're afraid perhaps he's gone completely feral, lost to the wolf in him.

Kate and her husband Rory registered, and Kate began working full-time with a legal project dedicated to reversing registration requirements. Between them and Joe holding down legal employment, and Tom working as a cash-only underground detective, they were able to keep the family at least surviving.

The tentative peace between the remaining members of the family was destroyed when Abby was shot by humans looking for revenge after some wolves were implicated in an attack in a local park. Her death shattered Joe and sent shockwaves through the whole family. As Kate and Rory tried to pick up the slack, Rory's patience with the rest of his family snapped, and he all but demanded Tom register and start helping them support the family with a consistent job, which resulted in a massive fight. Shortly after, Rory left Kate, with their twin boys on the way, and Kate moved in with her family.

Now, in the wake of the fifteen year battle to reverse the fae registry, the family is trying to decide what it means to get back to normal, and finding ways to heal the rifts that disagreements, losses, and regrets have left in their pack. Erin, struggling with her magic and trying to find her place in the pack, Tom, bitter and jaded from the years spent trying to protect his daughters from the dangers of being unregistered, and Kate, starting over in the wake of Rory's betrayal, need to learn to navigate the new world the Codes have left behind...and the new monsters they've created.

If you want to be added to a taglist for anything about the Phelan family or their stories, please let me know!

#who fights monsters #new york #fae #original character #Original Work

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indexblogging · 22 days ago

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What Can an Employment Attorney Do for You in NYC?

In the fast-paced and complex world of business, understanding employment laws is crucial. For employers, HR professionals, and small business owners in New York City, the role of an employment attorney in nyc cannot be overstated.

These legal experts serve as invaluable guides through the intricacies of labor law; ensuring businesses not only comply with regulations but also thrive in an environment of legal security.

Understanding the Essential Role of an Employment Attorney

Employment attorneys are specialized lawyers who focus on matters related to the workplace. Their significance for businesses in NYC is profound. Whether you're an employer managing a large team, an HR professional overseeing workplace policies, or a small business owner navigating growth, understanding the legal landscape is essential.

These attorneys provide clarity and guidance on the vast array of employment regulations. They help demystify legal jargon and offer actionable insights that can prevent potential legal pitfalls.

By integrating an employment attorney into your business strategy, you're not just safeguarding against risks; you're paving the way for sustainable growth.

The Critical Importance of Employment Law Compliance in NYC

New York City boasts one of the most comprehensive sets of employment laws in the United States. From anti-discrimination statutes to wage and hour laws, the legal framework is robust and constantly evolving. For businesses operating within the city, staying compliant isn't just advisable—it's mandatory.

An employment attorney in NYC becomes indispensable in navigating these laws. They keep businesses informed of changes in legislation and ensure that policies are aligned with current legal standards.

How an Employment Attorney Can Provide Crucial Support

An employment attorney offers a wealth of services tailored to the needs of businesses. Their expertise extends beyond providing legal advice; they play a strategic role in policy development, training, and representation in legal proceedings.

Legal advice is foundational, helping businesses understand their rights and obligations under employment laws. Attorneys assist in drafting and reviewing contracts to ensure compliance and fairness.

Training sessions led by employment attorneys enhance understanding of workplace laws among management and staff. This proactive education fosters a compliant and inclusive work environment.

Steps to Find the Right Employment Attorney in NYC

Selecting the right employment attorney is a crucial step for any business. With numerous options available, it's essential to consider several factors to make an informed choice.

Expertise is paramount—seek attorneys with a proven track record in employment law, particularly those familiar with NYC regulations.

Client testimonials and reviews provide valuable insights into an attorney’s reputation and effectiveness. Consider feedback from previous clients to gauge an attorney’s ability to deliver results.

A good attorney not only understands the law but is also a partner in your business's growth.

Conclusion

In the vibrant business environment of New York City, the role of an employment attorney in nyc is indispensable. They provide the expertise necessary to ensure employment law compliance, protecting businesses from legal pitfalls and paving the way for success.

It's not just about legal compliance—it's about empowering your business to thrive. If you’re considering legal support, now is the time to reach out to a qualified employment attorney in NYC. Your business's future could depend on it.

#employment law #employment attorney nyc

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johnstibal · 4 years ago

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Career advice for law students wanting to practice in international law

Hello,

I was recently asked by a law student for some career advice on how to get a job internationally, and particularly how they could get engaged in international (public and private) legal work.

While my legal background stems largely from doing multinational corporate work, particularly in the IT sector, here are my basic ideas outlining a few generic things to think about in terms of your career planning and some key approaches to pursuing these types of careers.

My background. For the past several years, I have worked primarily in London, and secondarily in Paris, for a very large telecommunications company. I was originally working for another one of this companies' affiliates in USA, and this enabled me to move internally to another one of their companies in the UK. Making this move internally within a large company allowed me to move abroad far easier, especially in terms of sorting out work visas and professional qualifications, etc.

Three Career Principles to Never Forget. In terms of general career advice, there are three principles which you must keep in mind to work in international law related field. While I recognize the risk of sharing a 'firm grasp of the obvious' (and I can almost hear some cringing already) most law students do not receive this message framed in this sort of a utilitarian light. So, here it goes:

The sole purpose of your first legal job is to enable you to get a better second legal job.

It is all about Brand. Your CV / Resume is a personal marketing tool. It is your personal ‘brand’. The choice of your first job should strongly take into account the value which the ‘brand’ of your new employer will add to your CV, and your future ambitions. This lasts for decades.

You cannot save the world if you cannot pay the bills. Public international law has some of the most interesting legal work around. Unfortunately, or fortunately, it also has a tendency to attract incredibly brilliant people who will work for a minimum salary. If you are independently wealthy, then great, no problem. If you have large education debts, please do not neglect the fact this will undoubtedly impact your choice of jobs in the short term, even if not necessarily in the longer term.

Your first Legal job. Getting your first Legal job is always a nerve wracking experience at best, and especially if you want to take a track other than going directly into a large law firm. Unfortunately, nearly all major law schools are set up to build a funnel for large firms. For your interests, even if you do not wish to 'end up' in a law firm or major global corporation, it usually makes considerable sense for you to go out to find the best ‘brand’ firm which you can, either in the US, UK or elsewhere. You will be able to extract the majority of the benefits during this time by working at a firm for exactly two years (or three years, if in New York City) doing whatever type of legal work - - of course, its even better if your firm or company has a public international law practice, but this is not required. By the end of this time, you will have ‘checked the box’ on your CV, and you can happily move on to what you really want to do. This is by far is the safest option for most, and also incidentally, completes one of the requirements enabling you to be admitted to practice in other common law countries (e.g. the UK). I’m not certain whether this is as helpful in other civil law countries, but I suspect it would be.

There is no question that working at a law firm, and potentially billing in ‘6 minute’ increments gets very tiring. Reviewing e.g. commercial leases is even less fun than watching paint dry. But this said, you will probably be practicing law for a very long time off and on anyway. Having a good initial first employer on your CV, who has ‘trained’ you is always a good investment for your CV even if not necessarily beneficial to you over the long term.

As a lawyer who has graduated from a US law school, you are able to come to Europe with a well respected professional background (speaking generally). In terms of global perceptions, US lawyers are highly respected, maybe in a similar form of the admiration to being world-class in other professions e.g. French engineers, British accountants, or Indian mathematicians - - not to foster bad stereotypes… But, needless to say, the USA legal professional qualification travels well around the world, particularly among global employers.

This being said, there is a particular area of confusion when you first come out of law school. Legal training is not the same around the world, meaning in France, a jurist has may have only attended the equivalent of undergrad and not graduate school (in terms of USA style nomenclature, depending on their qualifications). In the UK, while there are some permutations, most young associates at large law firms will attend around a year and a half or so of graduate school, followed by two years of a training contract to learn how to practice law. In Germany, many associates hold an LLM, or a PHD, at minimum, staying in school much longer. While you probably can research the differences in the number of years of schooling better than me, you should be particularly aware of this issue when you turn up to speak with a new potential employer in Europe. There is a risk of being perceived as wanting to find only a training contract, which is not needed as a USA law school graduate. After your first job, the timing issue goes away as you accumulate more PQE (Post Qualification Experience). The same is true in France, as I understand it.

An alternative path in human rights / non-profit sector for law students. This is an area where my knowledge is limited. But, if I wanted to pursue a career in this field, I would adopt some of the following key approaches.

First, figure out who are the heavyweights thought leaders in your particular field of interest, either individuals or organizations - - and, do your best to somehow associate yourself with their organization or sphere of colleagues. You want to try to figure out who these organizations interact with, and by extension, which of these organizations might hire you. Linkedin is an extraordinarily powerful resource for this research. To test your hypotheses, try calling up or meeting up with the General Counsel of any public interest foundation (if not possible to meet in person, then email / Skype also works but is far less effective than in person). Introduce yourself, and ask him or her for some general advice, in particular what ‘outside counsel’ their foundation typically uses - - make clear that you admire the work of their foundation, and look to gain relevant experience by doing similar work in the future. Ask about their Legal department organizational structure (General Counsels - GCs) love talking about this stuff), and what skills they look for over the long term, but even if not necessarily immediately. If it goes well, you might get some really good information, and maybe even a referral to a firm or sister organization. Senior Executives are very used to people asking them for jobs on a daily basis. But, they get asked for their advice far less often. Use this to your advantage... but do not be a pest.

As an example coming from NGOs, from time to time, I have occasionally dealt with some of the affiliates of the United Nations as a supplier. There are probably 20 of these, e.g. World Bank, IMF, UNHCR, IATA, WIPO, Red Cross, Red Crescent, and Red Crystal. Some of these organizations you are probably more familiar to you than others. There are two consistent traits that I see when dealing with their personnel. First, many of the staff are about to retire, and second, their staff have all consistently bounced around the world working in many different UN affiliates and national governments doing all sort of different roles, both legal and non-legal. The first of these is a well known problem for the UN and its agencies, at least, at a macro level, which might be helpfully to you. While I’m not certain what formal hiring programs may exist in these orgs, you should check with them around world, and particularly in Geneva, Switzerland and New York. Also, in terms of firms which advise this types of groups, you should also talk with McKinsey & Company. They do some very impressive pro bono work consulting for non-profits, and like to hire people with diverse backgrounds often having law degrees.

To get the attention of any large organization, and not just the UN agencies, you will always want to first find a way to get through the door, even if you need to do the unsexy type of legal work. Once you are inside, it is usually far easier to move internally. For example, if you work for a big organization like the UN, they have a vast array of legal needs, ranging from the basic to the exotic. It is undoubtedly the case that a large portion of the UN’s legal budget goes to HR and Procurement legal advice (e.g. doing commercial leases, procuring pencils and IT projects) (whether done in-house or by external firms.) When a UN agency needs to lease a building in sub-Saharan Africa, some lawyer somewhere in the world needs to review and advise on the tender process (often in combination with other local lawyers). Therefore, this is an opportunity to target. Yes, this is not sexy work, but it gets you a pass into the ‘club’ to work on other more interesting projects in the future.

As a final thought. Having outlined all of above, if you truly want to work in the non-profit / human rights space, it might be the case that being a ‘junior file clerk’ for Google.org or the Gates Foundation is equally beneficial (from a brand perspective to get your next job) as being a senior associate at Skadden Arps.

On the one hand, being at a big firm allows you to potentially develop a deep legal specialty, which might be later retooled for a good purpose. For example, undoubtedly, at some point, a brilliant lawyer in some large law firm will figure out how to package up millions of ‘microfinance’ loans using mezzanine financing techniques (i.e. allowing Wall Street money to start funding billions of very small loans around the world) - - in so doing, they could indirectly create prosperity in Africa for a life time.

At the same time, NGOs have a potential to do great things too. These are the people who are likely to generate the next generation of new legal concepts / quasi-regulatory regimes. For example, a newer area which I am following lately relates to 'conservation services' and 'natural capital' (see Conservation International) (www.conservation.org). These structures are, essentially, quasi-voluntary regulatory schemes to allow companies to share and manage ecological externalities (see Jennifer Morris's speech at Stanford). For me, CI's approach is just a start of a major trend in this area: soon there will be ISO certificate schemes covering externality pricing, as well as voluntary business case weighting methodologies which hopefully over time will become a standard approach in global commercial activity - - yet, this said, few individuals in the world understand how these types of governance tools work in practice. It simply cross too many intellectual domains, which so far has stymied adoption on a global level. 'Deep Greens' are not well suited to create these types of applied 'corporate' innovations around externalities, but maybe you are the one given your legal background.

Highly innovative organizations, such as the Gates Foundation, look great to onlookers because, in large part, by comparison, the other large global NGOs have tired ‘business’ models. Often major NGOs have been doing the same exact thing for decades. For me, I could see this as creating an opportunity. It might be great fun to join one of these NGOs for the express purpose to reshape it, remake it, and help them to reinvent their bag of tricks as an NGO. As a lawyer, you can have this level of influence within these types of organizations - - but, remember, always ask for forgiveness, never for permission when trying to affect major change within large organizations.

Keep in touch. If you like this or have other items to add, please drop me a note. I always enjoy hearing from people and what they think. These are changing times!

Best of luck,

John

#UN affiliates #career advice #career planning #change management #emory school of law #gates foundation #international law #law school #law student #non-profit #open precedents #public law #skadden arps #united nations #conservation services

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