#NHS Strain Concerns

[spartanmemesmedical]

Despite concerns about the strain on the NHS this upcoming winter, England has decided not to offer Covid and flu vaccinations to individuals under the age of 65.

England will not provide Covid and flu vaccinations to individuals under the age of 65 this upcoming winter, despite concerns about the strain on the National Health Service (NHS). The UK government has decided to follow advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), which suggests that only individuals in high-risk groups and those aged 65 and above should be offered…

[coochiequeens]

PSA: MEN DO NOT HAVE A CERVIX. You’re welcome.” - Aimee Terese

The Canadian Cancer Society is drawing criticism once again for maintaining a recommendation that men who claim to identify as women should undergo pap smears as part of a cervical cancer screening process.

On a webpage titled “As a trans woman, do I need to get screened for cervical cancer?” Canada’s largest national cancer charity provides advice for males who identify as transgender curious about receiving a cervical cancer screening.

According to the Mayo Clinic, cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix. Various strains of the human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through semi-regular screenings called Pap smears, in which a small brush is used to gently remove cells from the surface of the cervix so they can be tested.

But the Canadian Cancer Society has been providing guidance to males who identify as women on the female-specific cancer. 

“If you’re a trans woman, you may not have given much thought to Pap tests and cervical cancer. And if you haven’t, that makes a fair amount of sense. After all, in order to get cervical cancer, you need to have a cervix — that is, the organ that connects the vagina to the uterus,” the Cancer Society’s official website reads. It goes on to state that “trans women” who have “had bottom surgery to create a vagina and possibly a cervix” should talk to a medical professional to “figure out specific cancer-screening needs.”

A member of the Reduxx team contacted the Canadian Cancer Society posing as a trans-identified male seeking cervical cancer screening information and was provided the same guidance as was on the website. The operator with the Canadian Cancer Society also provided information on gender affirming care, and spent over 30 minutes attempting to provide helpful information on cervical cancer.

The Canadian Cancer Society’s guidance stands in stark contrast to that from the United Kingdom, whose National Health Service clearly states that that males have no cervix, and thus have no need to have a cervical cancer screening.

“If you’re a trans woman or non-binary person assigned male at birth, you do not need cervical screening as you do not have a cervix,” the NHS website states. The guidance was affirmed by Cancer Research UK, the country’s national cancer charity and world’s largest, which stated that “trans women do not have a cervix, so don’t need to consider taking part in cervical screening.”

Cancer Research UK goes on to dispel the Canadian Cancer Society’s reference to cervical cancer impacting a fabricated cervix, stating that “this is made of a different type of cells to the cervix in a cisgender woman.”

The “neo-cervix” created during a vaginoplasty is most often comprised of tissue from the bladder, rectum, and/or penis. The structure of the cavity itself can also be formed from buccal fat tissue from the mouth, or skin grafted from other areas of the body.

The Canadian Cancer Society’s guidance has started making the rounds on Twitter, where it is receiving ridicule from netizens.

Podcaster Aimee Terese first uploaded screenshots from the Canadian Cancer Society’s website on March 13, adding to her thread: “PSA: MEN DO NOT HAVE A CERVIX. You’re welcome.”

The information quickly began to make the rounds, drawing outrage from women concerned about their erasure in medicine.

“Are they looking up these men’s arseholes then?! Ffs, this is appalling. Taking up potentially life-saving appts for women to appease the fucking gynophiles! Sick to death of what seems like the entire world bending over backwards for pathetic men,” user @sarforalltosee wrote in response to a screenshot posted by popular UK-based commentator @ripx4nutmeg.

Some women have even stated they will be cancelling their donations to the Canadian Cancer Society, with one user referencing her own experience with cervical cancer.

“I was livid when I read that garbage,” one Canadian woman who survived cervical cancer wrote, posting a screenshot of the Canadian Cancer Society’s mobile webpage.

The medical establishment has been increasingly impacted by gender identity politics in recent years. 

Last April, Reduxx revealed in an exclusive how students studying midwifery at Edinburgh Napier University were taught that biological males could get pregnant and give birth through their penis before instructors hastily edited a workbook they were given.

The idea that men who identify as women may be able to give birth has resulted in medical papers and research on the topic of uterus and womb transplants. In 2021, the academic journal Bioethics published a paper by an obstetrician-gynecologist and clinician scientist at McGill University which argued that trans-identifying men are entitled to womb transplants as a basic human right.

“There isn’t an ethical reason why they should be denied access to the procedure,” said Dr. Jacques Balayla. 

“A woman who is born without a uterus and a man who transitions into a woman because of gender dysphoria have a similar claim to maternity if we consider them to have equivalent rights to fulfill the reproductive potential of their gender,” Balayla said. “And I think that we should.”

Last year, a surgeon in India announced that he is developing a surgical plan to implant a womb in a biological male who identifies as transgender. “Every transgender woman wants to be as female as possible, and that includes being a mother,” said Dr. Kaushik said.

Most recently, a video of a trans-identifying male proposing “live donors” be used for uterine transplants sparked outrage on social media. 

Alicyn Cathleen Simpson, employed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital, explained that his proposal for live uterine donations would involve a person who was “assigned female at birth” but identified as a “transgender man,” and therefore, in theory, would willingly offer up their uterus to a male person who identified as a “woman.”

In contrast, women have frequently been referred to by their body parts in a practice that critics have rejected. In 2016, the US-based LGBTQ+ organization the Human Rights Campaign released a guidance which referred to female anatomy as a “front hole,” a term that is also used in transgender pornography.

In 2021, medical journal The Lancet was accused of sexism and dehumanising women after its editors used the term “bodies with vaginas” to refer to women on the front page of their publication. 

The following year, a German federal government agencyand biomedical research institute called women “people with short urethras” whose primary sex organs are the “front hole” or “pussy.”

A survey of 182 men who identify as women found that 90% of respondents believed that having “a transplanted, functioning vagina would improve their sexual experience” and 99% believed that “a uterus transplant would lead to greater happiness.”

By Natasha Biase

Natasha is a Toronto-based commentator and video creator for Reduxx. Her passions include her pug Pepe, fighting the culture wars, and preserving female sports and spaces.

considering recent events maybe the board of directors of the Canadian Cancer Society are just afraid of getting their cars smashed up.

[thewriterowl]

Ms. Owl, I was wondering about the relationship between Obi-Wan, and Jango in your fic "Where We're Finding Home".

How would the two react to potential suitors? Or just someone who is very persistent and wants to hook up with either of them. Would they get jealous? And what would they say? And just how would it go if they ran into Cody again, especially because we know that Cody leaves the Empire.

Also if Vader had killed Obi-Wan like he did in ANH how would Jango, Boba, and Luke react? Would Jango, and Boba decide that they want revenge, or decide to lock up their emotions so they don't have to confront their heartbreak? (Because we all know that Jango did fall in love with Obi...even though he wasn't the type of person to outright say it, and Boba truly did love him as a parent) And how would Luke look at it? Obviously his reaction would be more emotional than it was in ANH since Obi-Wan raised him.

Hello! oh yay! A Finding Home Question! I enjoyed writing that story so it is always fun to hear people are interested in it.

So for suitor situation, i see them both being a bit pouty and jealous if another tries to move into their space. Jango especially would be very territorial over Obi-Wan (and over Luke because it would be a worry that if someone tried to marry Obi-Wan they would try to take his son from him and that is always his biggest concern) but he would be quiet and grumpy about it. Pulling more inward into himself...and growling from a corner at the people getting too close to his Jedi.

Obi-Wan, the master flirt, would be far more open. He would tell Jango he was pleased the man was getting attention as he deserved but it was a bit of a sore point. But, he was raised as a Jedi so it would not be as big of a deal for him as he is willing to let go if needed and if it ensures Jango's happiness. He rarely hides his feelings via words, so I think he would feel it, think on it, understand it, talk about it, and let it go.

Now, as for the NH situation...it would be brutal if that happened. Luke, who would have been trained and raised by Obi-Wan for nineteen years at this point, would be far more Jedi about it. It would be painful, he would mourn, but he would be able to feel Obi-Wan in the Force and would understand about letting go. He would not vow revenge, as neither he nor Obi-Wan go that route, and instead would vow this is all the more reason to save his father. He would try to be there for his buir and brother but neither of them, even after being with Obi-Wan for so long, would be able to handle it as well. It would put a strain on the family but Luke would work to keep them tied together.

However, this would make Jango and Boba fiercely overprotective over Luke as they now realize what that loss will do to them and cannot handle the thought of him being taken away from them as well.

[shosiblog]

Are There Any Government Programs That Provide Additional Support During Maternity Leave?

Maternity leave is a crucial time for new mothers to focus on their health and the well-being of their newborns. However, the financial and emotional demands during this period can be overwhelming. Fortunately, in many countries, government programs exist to provide additional support during maternity leave, helping to alleviate some of these pressures. Here’s an overview of what these programs entail and how they can benefit you.

1. Paid Maternity Leave Programs

In many countries, government programs offer paid maternity leave, providing financial support to mothers who are unable to work due to childbirth. These programs typically cover a portion of a mother’s salary during her leave and can last from a few weeks to several months, depending on the country’s policies.

For example, countries like Canada, the UK, and many European nations have robust paid maternity leave programs, offering between 12 to 52 weeks of leave with a percentage of salary compensation.

Tip: If you're planning maternity leave, research your country’s policies on paid maternity leave to understand how much financial support you can expect during this time.

2. Social Security and Unemployment Benefits

Some government programs extend additional support to mothers through social security systems or unemployment benefits. These programs may provide income assistance for mothers who have exhausted their paid maternity leave or do not qualify for it through their employer.

For example, in the United States, mothers may be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or unemployment benefits under certain conditions if they face health complications or job loss during maternity leave.

Tip: Check with your local social security office or unemployment agency to determine whether you qualify for benefits and how to apply.

3. Healthcare and Medical Assistance

Government programs often include healthcare support for expectant and new mothers. These programs may cover prenatal care, childbirth costs, and postnatal medical expenses, ensuring that both the mother and baby receive the care they need without financial strain.

For example, Medicaid in the United States and the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK provide free or subsidized healthcare services to pregnant women and new mothers.

Tip: If you need assistance with medical costs, explore government healthcare programs that can cover your prenatal and postnatal care expenses.

4. Parental Leave Programs

In some countries, government programs offer parental leave, allowing both parents to share time off to care for their newborn. This not only supports mothers but also enables fathers or partners to take leave, promoting shared responsibilities in caregiving.

For example, in countries like Sweden, Norway, and Germany, parents can split up to 480 days of paid leave between them, encouraging both partners to participate in child-rearing.

Tip: Investigate your country's parental leave policies to determine if you and your partner can benefit from shared leave time after your baby is born.

5. Childcare Subsidies and Financial Aid

Some government programs provide financial assistance for childcare after maternity leave ends. These subsidies can help cover the cost of daycare or other childcare services, making it easier for mothers to return to work without the burden of high childcare expenses.

For example, in Australia, the Child Care Subsidy (CCS) helps families cover the cost of approved childcare services, while similar programs exist in Canada and France.

Tip: If childcare costs are a concern, explore government subsidies or financial aid programs in your area to reduce the financial burden when returning to work.

6. Lactation and Breastfeeding Support Programs

Government programs may also offer support for breastfeeding mothers during and after maternity leave. This can include access to lactation consultants, breast pumps, and designated breastfeeding spaces at work, all aimed at promoting breastfeeding success.

For example, in the United States, the Affordable Care Act requires most insurance plans to cover the cost of breast pumps and lactation counseling services.

Tip: Check with your healthcare provider or insurance plan to see what breastfeeding support services are covered under government programs.

7. Mental Health and Counseling Services

The emotional challenges of maternity leave can be significant. Many governments recognize this and provide access to mental health and counseling services for new mothers, helping them cope with the stress and potential postpartum depression during this transition.

For example, in the UK, the NHS offers mental health services to pregnant women and new mothers, including therapy and counseling for postpartum depression.

Tip: If you're experiencing mental health challenges during or after maternity leave, seek out government-funded mental health services to support your emotional well-being.

Conclusion

Government programs that provide additional support during maternity leave are a valuable resource for new mothers, offering financial assistance, healthcare coverage, and emotional support. Understanding and utilizing these programs can make your maternity leave smoother and less stressful. Take the time to research what benefits are available to you and how they can best support your family.

How Long Should I Wear a Maternity Belt After Delivery in a Day?

As you recover from childbirth, wearing a maternity belt can provide essential support to your body. But how long should you wear it each day for optimal results? Click here to find out the best practices for wearing a maternity belt after delivery!

[tallmantall]

James Donaldson on Mental Health - Suicide risk for female doctors 76% higher than general population

Suicide rates in profession have declined but analysis of evidence from 20 countries shows need for more prevention efforts, BMJ says Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com Suicide risk is significantly higher for female doctors compared with the general population, according to an analysis of evidence from 20 countries. The researchers said that while suicide rates among doctors have declined over time, and risk varied across different countries and regions, the results highlighted a need for continued research and prevention efforts. Their findings were published in the BMJ journal. According to previous estimates, one doctor dies by suicide every day in the US, and about one every 10 days in the UK, but evidence on suicide rates for physicians is inconsistent across countries. To address this, researchers led by the University of Vienna in Austria analyzed the results of observational studies published between 1960 and 2024 that compared suicides rates among doctors with the general population. A total of 39 studies from 20 countries were included. The researchers found no overall increase in suicide risk for male doctors compared with the general population. For female doctors, however, suicide risk was significantly higher (76%) than the general population, the BMJ reported. While there was no overall increase found among male physicians when compared with the general public, a separate analysis of the data revealed male doctors did have a higher risk of suicide compared with other professional groups with “similar socioeconomic status”. Analysis of the 10 most recent studies compared with older studies showed a decline in suicide rates over time for both male and female doctors. “Overall, this study highlights the ongoing need for suicide prevention measures among physicians,” the research team wrote in the BMJ. “We found evidence for increased suicide rates in female physicians compared with the general population, and for male physicians compared with other professionals. “The recent Covid-19 pandemic has put additional strain on the mental health of physicians, potentially exacerbating risk factors for suicide such as depression and substance use.” In a linked editorial, experts from Doctors in Distress, a charity offering support to healthcare workers, wrote: “Persistently high rates of suicide among female doctors need particularly urgent attention from researchers, health leaders and policy makers, including studies to explore likely contributors such as discrimination and sexual harassment, to characterize those at highest risk and to develop and evaluate gender specific interventions to protect female doctors’ mental health. “All doctors must have access to early intervention and confidential treatment services so that they do not suffer in silence.” Katie Hardcastle, a senior research manager at Samaritans, said: “We’re concerned this new global evidence suggests an increased suicide risk in female doctors, as it builds on what we know from national data about risk among female health professionals, particularly nurses. “It’s vital that all health workers who might be struggling are encouraged and supported to seek help when needed.” In the UK, the NHS said staff wellbeing was a crucial part of its workforce plan. A spokesperson added: “There is a range of mental health support available for staff, including access to 24/7 confidential support services, coaching and flexible working options, but we know there is much more to do to ensure everyone working in the NHS feels comfortable asking for help and receives the right support when they do.” #James Donaldson notes:Welcome to the “next chapter” of my life… being a voice and an advocate for #mentalhealthawarenessandsuicideprevention, especially pertaining to our younger generation of students and student-athletes.Getting men to speak up and reach out for help and assistance is one of my passions. Us men need to not suffer in silence or drown our sorrows in alcohol, hang out at bars and strip joints, or get involved with drug use.Having gone through a recent bout of #depression and #suicidalthoughts myself, I realize now, that I can make a huge difference in the lives of so many by sharing my story, and by sharing various resources I come across as I work in this space.  #http://bit.ly/JamesMentalHealthArticleFind out more about the work I do on my 501c3 non-profit foundationwebsite www.yourgiftoflife.org Order your copy of James Donaldson's latest book,#CelebratingYourGiftofLife: From The Verge of Suicide to a Life of Purpose and Joy www.celebratingyourgiftoflife.com Link for 40 Habits Signupbit.ly/40HabitsofMentalHealth If you'd like to follow and receive my daily blog in to your inbox, just click on it with Follow It. Here's the link https://follow.it/james-donaldson-s-standing-above-the-crowd-s-blog-a-view-from-above-on-things-that-make-the-world-go-round?action=followPub Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com Read the full article

[chiswickdentalcare]

The Benefits of Choosing NHS Dental Services at Chiswick Dental

When it comes to maintaining your oral health, choosing the right dental care provider is crucial. Chiswick Dental NHS offers a comprehensive range of services designed to meet the needs of all patients.

Here are some of the key benefits of choosing Chiswick Dental NHS for your dental care:

Accessible and Affordable Care at Chiswick Dental NHS

One of the primary benefits of Chiswick Dental NHS is its commitment to providing accessible and affordable dental care. NHS dental services are designed to ensure that everyone can receive the necessary treatment without financial strain.

At Chiswick Dental NHS, you can expect transparent pricing and no hidden costs, making it easier for you to manage your dental expenses.

Comprehensive Range of Services Offered by Chiswick Dental NHS

Chiswick Dental NHS provides a wide array of dental services to cater to all your oral health needs. From routine check-ups and cleanings to more specialised treatments such as fillings, crowns, and root canals, you can find all the dental care you need under one roof.

 This comprehensive approach ensures that your dental health is managed efficiently and effectively.

Highly Qualified Dental Professionals at Chiswick Dental NHS

At Chiswick Dental NHS, you are in the hands of highly qualified and experienced dental professionals. The team consists of skilled dentists, hygienists, and support staff who are dedicated to providing the highest standard of care.

Their expertise ensures that you receive accurate diagnoses and effective treatments tailored to your specific needs.

State-of-the-Art Facilities at  Dental NHS

Chiswick Dental NHS is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and the latest dental technology. This enables the dental team to perform procedures with greater precision and comfort.

The modern equipment and clean, welcoming environment contribute to a positive patient experience, making each visit as pleasant as possible.

Chiswick Dental NHS's Patient-Centred Approach

The patient-centred approach at Chiswick Dental NHS means that your comfort and satisfaction are top priorities. The dental team takes the time to listen to your concerns, explain your treatment options, and involve you in the decision-making process.

This collaborative approach ensures that you feel informed and confident about your dental care.

Preventive and Routine Care at Chiswick Dental NHS

Preventive care is a cornerstone of the services provided by Chiswick Dental NHS. Regular check-ups and cleanings are essential for maintaining good oral health and preventing more serious issues from developing.

The dental team at Chiswick Dental NHS emphasises the importance of preventive care and provides personalised advice to help you keep your teeth and gums healthy.

Specialised Treatments and Procedures at Chiswick Dental NHS

In addition to routine care, Chiswick Dental NHS offers a range of specialised treatments and procedures. Whether you need orthodontic care, periodontal treatment, or restorative procedures, you can trust that the team has the expertise to handle your specific dental needs.

 Specialised treatments are conducted with the utmost care and precision to ensure optimal outcomes.

Commitment to Patient Safety and Hygiene at Chiswick Dental NHS

Patient safety and hygiene are paramount at Chiswick Dental NHS. The practice adheres to stringent infection control protocols to protect both patients and staff.

Sterilisation of equipment, cleanliness of the facilities, and adherence to safety guidelines ensure a safe environment for all dental procedures.

Personalised Treatment Plans at Chiswick Dental NHS

Every patient at Chiswick Dental NHS receives a personalised treatment plan tailored to their unique needs. The dental team assesses your oral health, discusses your goals, and develops a comprehensive plan to address any issues.

This personalised approach ensures that you receive the most effective and appropriate care.

Convenient Location and Hours of Chiswick Dental NHS

Convenience is another benefit of choosing Chiswick Dental NHS. The practice is conveniently located, making it easily accessible for patients in the area.

Additionally, Chiswick Dental NHS offers flexible appointment hours to accommodate your busy schedule. This makes it easier for you to receive the dental care you need without disrupting your daily routine.

Contact Chiswick Dental NHS

If you are looking for a reliable and professional dental clinic in London, look no further than Chiswick Dental NHS. For appointments, inquiries, or more information about our services, please get in touch with us.

Our friendly and knowledgeable staff are here to assist you with any questions or concerns you may have. Contact us at 0208 995 1441 or visit our website to book your appointment today.

At Chiswick Dental NHS, we are committed to providing exceptional dental care and ensuring that every visit is a positive experience. We look forward to welcoming you to our clinic and helping you achieve optimal oral health while making dental compliance easy and straightforward.

[influencermagazineuk]

Birmingham Forced to Dim Lights and Cut Services Due to Bankruptcy

Birmingham, once renowned as "the workshop of the world," is now grappling with severe financial distress. The UK's second-largest city, which played a pivotal role in the industrial revolution, is facing unprecedented budget cuts following a declaration of bankruptcy. Historical Significance Birmingham was an industrial powerhouse in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is notably where William Murdoch invented the first gas lantern, a technology that illuminated streets globally. However, the city's current financial woes starkly contrast its illustrious past. Financial Crisis and Budget Cuts In September, Birmingham City Council issued a Section 114 notice, effectively declaring bankruptcy. The council needs to recover $600 million over the next two years and has approved severe budget cuts, including: - Dimming streetlights - Reducing rubbish collection to once a fortnight - Closing 25 libraries - Cutting funding for children's services - Eliminating arts and culture funding by 2026 Impact on Residents The cuts will have profound effects on Birmingham's residents, particularly vulnerable groups. Ms. Kaur, whose son Harry has Down syndrome, will lose access to a council-funded school taxi service. Young people, who make up nearly 40% of Birmingham's population, will also face significant challenges. Kamran Shah, a 19-year-old university student, voiced concerns about the lack of support for the city's youth. Strain on Health Services The National Health Service (NHS) is already feeling the impact of the council's financial crisis. Ms. Barbosa, an NHS worker, highlighted the overwhelming pressure on health services, with a significant increase in referrals and deteriorating conditions among young people. Causes of the Financial Crisis Birmingham's financial predicament is partly self-inflicted. A costly gender-pay dispute settlement and the flawed implementation of a new IT system have exacerbated the city's debts. However, council leader John Cotton argues that austerity measures introduced by the Cameron government in 2010 have also played a significant role. He describes a "perfect storm" of smaller budgets and higher costs impacting councils nationwide. Political Implications The state of public services and the cost-of-living crisis are expected to influence voters in the upcoming general election. Polls predict a potential Labour landslide, which could end 14 years of Conservative governance. Birmingham's situation highlights the ongoing disparity between London and other UK cities. The city has the highest unemployment support claims among the UK's core cities, with 12% of residents relying on benefits, compared to just 5% in London. Birmingham's financial crisis and the resultant service cuts underscore the challenges faced by cities across the UK. As the city navigates these tough times, the impact on its residents, particularly the most vulnerable, will be closely watched. FAQs 1. What led to Birmingham's financial crisis? Birmingham's financial troubles stem from a costly gender-pay dispute settlement, the flawed implementation of a new IT system, and austerity measures introduced by the Cameron government in 2010. 2. What services are being cut in Birmingham due to the financial crisis? The budget cuts include dimming streetlights, reducing rubbish collection to once a fortnight, closing 25 libraries, cutting children's services, and eliminating arts and culture funding by 2026. 3. How will the budget cuts affect Birmingham's residents? The cuts will significantly impact vulnerable groups, such as families relying on council-funded services, and young people, who make up nearly 40% of the city's population. 4. How is the NHS being affected by Birmingham's financial crisis? The NHS is experiencing increased pressure with more referrals and worsening conditions among young people, as highlighted by NHS worker Ms. Barbosa. 5. What are the political implications of Birmingham's financial crisis? The state of public services and the cost-of-living crisis are expected to influence voters in the upcoming general election, with polls predicting a potential Labour landslide. Read the full article

[peterkulas]

 Cyclobenzaprine 

How to Buy Cyclobenzaprine at an Affordable Price

Cyclobenzaprine, a muscle relaxant commonly prescribed to relieve muscle spasms and pain, is often sought after for its effectiveness in alleviating discomfort associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions. However, the cost of medication can be a significant concern for many patients. This article aims to guide you through various strategies to purchase cyclobenzaprine at an affordable price in the UK, ensuring you receive the treatment you need without financial strain.

Understanding Cyclobenzaprine

Cyclobenzaprine works by blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to your brain. It's typically used as a short-term treatment in combination with rest and physical therapy. Commonly available under brand names such as Flexeril, it is also found in its generic form, which is usually more affordable.

Why Consider Generic Cyclobenzaprine?

Generic medications contain the same active ingredients as their brand-name counterparts and are required to meet the same standards for quality, strength, and purity set by regulatory authorities. Opting for generic cyclobenzaprine can substantially reduce costs while providing the same therapeutic benefits.

Comparing Prices

One of the first steps to obtaining cyclobenzaprine at a lower cost is to compare prices from different sources. Prices can vary significantly between pharmacies, both physical and online. Here are some strategies to consider:

Local Pharmacies: Visit or call multiple local pharmacies to inquire about their prices for cyclobenzaprine. Some pharmacies may offer discounts or have loyalty programmes that can help reduce costs.

Online Pharmacies: Reputable online pharmacies often offer competitive prices. Ensure that the online pharmacy is registered with the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) to guarantee you are purchasing safe and legitimate medication. Websites like PharmacyChecker can help you compare prices across various online pharmacies.

Prescription Discount Cards: Some pharmacies and online platforms offer discount cards that can be used to reduce the cost of prescription medications, including cyclobenzaprine.

NHS Prescriptions

In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) provides a range of prescription medications at a standard cost. If you qualify for an NHS prescription, this might be the most affordable option. Certain groups, such as those over 60, under 16, or with specific medical conditions, are entitled to free prescriptions. Additionally, if you have a low income, you might be eligible for the NHS Low Income Scheme, which can cover the cost of prescriptions.

Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPC)

For those who need multiple prescriptions, a Prescription Prepayment Certificate (PPC) can be a cost-effective solution. A PPC covers all your NHS prescriptions for a set price over a specific period. If you require cyclobenzaprine on a regular basis, a 3-month or 12-month PPC could save you a considerable amount of money.

Patient Assistance Programmes

Some pharmaceutical companies offer patient assistance programmes that provide medications at reduced prices or even for free, depending on your financial situation. It’s worth investigating if the manufacturer of your medication offers such a programme.

Bulk Purchasing

If you are prescribed cyclobenzaprine for an extended period, purchasing a larger supply can sometimes reduce the cost per dose. Discuss with your healthcare provider the possibility of receiving a prescription for a 90-day supply instead of a 30-day supply.

Speaking with Your Doctor

Having an open conversation with your doctor about medication costs can be incredibly beneficial. Doctors are often aware of cost-saving options and may be able to prescribe a more affordable medication that is just as effective. They can also provide samples or direct you to resources that might help with the cost.

Utilising Insurance

If you have private health insurance, review your policy to understand your coverage for prescription medications. Some insurance plans cover the cost of cyclobenzaprine, reducing your out-of-pocket expenses. Make sure to check if the medication requires prior authorisation or if there are preferred pharmacies within your insurance network.

Safety Considerations

While it is essential to find affordable medication, ensuring the safety and legitimacy of your purchase is paramount. Avoid buying medication from unverified sources, as counterfeit drugs can be ineffective or dangerous. Always ensure that the pharmacy, whether online or local, is licensed and follows proper regulatory standards.

Buying cyclobenzaprine at an affordable price in the UK is possible through a variety of strategies. By considering generic options, comparing prices, exploring NHS benefits, and utilising discount programmes, you can manage the cost effectively. Always ensure that you are purchasing from reputable sources and consult with your healthcare provider to find the best and most affordable treatment options for your needs. Taking these steps can help alleviate the financial burden while ensuring you receive the necessary medication to manage your condition effectively.

Read More Website : https://www.buycyclobenzaprinemedication.com/

[betshy]

Nigerian Psychiatric Patients in the UK: Spending National Funds

In recent years, there has been growing concern over the rising number of Nigerian psychiatric patients being treated in the UK and the significant amount of public funds being spent on their care. The issue has sparked debates among policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public about the allocation of resources and the responsibility of different countries in providing mental health services. One of the main reasons for the influx of Nigerian psychiatric patients seeking treatment in the UK is the lack of adequate mental health facilities and services in Nigeria. Many patients are forced to seek treatment abroad due to the stigma surrounding mental health issues and the limited availability of specialised care in their home country. Additionally, some patients may have family members living in the UK or have previously resided in the country, making it easier for them to access treatment there. While the UK has a comprehensive and well-funded mental health system, the increasing number of Nigerian psychiatric patients has put a strain on resources and raised questions about the fairness of using public funds to treat foreign patients. Critics argue that the UK should prioritise its own citizens and residents when allocating funds for mental health services, especially considering the growing demand for mental health care among the local population. Indeed, NHS public funds are being rampaged by Nigerians who abuse the system. This makes the UK's economic crisis worse. On the other hand, proponents of treating Nigerian psychiatric patients in the UK argue that mental health is a universal issue that transcends borders and that all individuals deserve access to quality care regardless of their nationality. They believe that the UK has a moral obligation to provide care for those in need, regardless of where they come from. Ultimately, the issue of treating Nigerian psychiatric patients in the UK comes down to a question of ethics and resource allocation. While it is important to prioritise the needs of UK residents, it is also crucial to recognise the global nature of mental health challenges and the interconnectedness of our world. Finding a balance between providing care for foreign patients and meeting the needs of the local population is a complex and ongoing challenge for policymakers and healthcare professionals. In conclusion, the issue of Nigerian psychiatric patients in the UK highlights the complexities of mental health care and the challenges of allocating resources in an increasingly globalised world. As we continue to grapple with these issues, it is essential to emphasise the importance of compassion, empathy, and equality in providing care for all individuals in need, regardless of their nationality. Read the full article

[careskillstraining]

Palliative Care Expenses Unveiled

Palliative care is a crucial aspect of healthcare that focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals facing serious illnesses. While it offers invaluable support to patients and their families during challenging times, one common concern that arises is who bears the financial burden of palliative care in the UK.

What is Palliative Care, and Who Needs It?

Palliative care is a holistic approach to healthcare that aims to relieve the symptoms and stress of a serious illness. It is not limited to end-of-life care but can be provided at any stage of a chronic illness to alleviate pain, manage symptoms, and offer emotional and spiritual support.

This form of care is suitable for individuals diagnosed with terminal illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, or neurodegenerative disorders, as well as those with chronic conditions like multiple sclerosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Understanding the Costs of Palliative Care

Palliative care encompasses various medical, social, and emotional services, which can incur significant expenses. The costs may include:

Medical Services: This includes doctor consultations, medications, medical equipment, and treatments aimed at managing symptoms and improving comfort.

Non-Medical Services: Palliative care also involves social services such as counselling, spiritual support, and assistance with daily activities.

Facility Costs: Depending on the level of care required, patients may receive palliative care at home, in a hospice, or in a hospital, each with associated costs.

Who Pays for Palliative Care in the UK?

In the UK, palliative care is predominantly funded by the National Health Service (NHS), ensuring that individuals have access to essential end-of-life services regardless of their ability to pay. NHS-funded palliative care typically covers medical treatments, hospice care, and certain support services.

Additionally, individuals may be eligible for financial assistance through benefits such as:

Attendance Allowance: A non-means-tested benefit for individuals over 65 who need help with personal care due to illness or disability.

Personal Independence Payment (PIP): This provides financial support to people aged 16 to State Pension age who have a long-term health condition or disability.

Financial Support Options for Palliative Care

Aside from NHS funding and government benefits, there are other avenues of financial support available to help cover palliative care costs:

Charitable Organizations: Numerous charities offer financial assistance and support services to individuals receiving palliative care and their families.

Insurance Policies: Private health insurance or critical illness policies may cover certain aspects of palliative care, depending on the terms and conditions of the policy.

Personal Savings and Investments: Planning ahead and setting aside funds for future care needs can help mitigate the financial burden on individuals and their families.

Planning Ahead: Palliative Care and Financial Preparations

Given the unpredictability of serious illnesses, it's essential to plan ahead and consider financial preparations for palliative care:

Advance Care Planning: Discussing end-of-life wishes and preferences with loved ones and healthcare providers can ensure that the appropriate care and support are in place when needed.

Financial Planning: Seeking advice from financial advisors or exploring options such as setting up a lasting power of attorney (LPA) can help manage financial affairs and ensure that funds are available for palliative care expenses.

In conclusion, while the cost of palliative care in the UK can be significant, various avenues of financial support are available to alleviate the burden on individuals and their families. By understanding the funding options and planning ahead, individuals can access the necessary care and support without added financial strain.

Ready to learn more about providing quality care? Explore our comprehensive Care Certificate Standard 3: Duty of Care course to enhance your skills and knowledge in the healthcare field.

For more informative articles on healthcare and caregiving, visit our blog.

[thxnews]

UK Unveils Bold Plan: Migration Overhaul

  A Bold Move to Slash Migration Levels

In a groundbreaking move, Home Secretary James Cleverly has unveiled a comprehensive plan aimed at delivering the largest-ever reduction in net migration. The measures, designed to protect British workers and alleviate strain on public services, will impact around 300,000 individuals who would have otherwise entered the UK last year.   Ending Dependents Influx and Raising Salaries The package includes initiatives to curb the influx of dependents, increase minimum salaries for overseas workers and sponsors, and address exploitation within the immigration system. The focus is on fostering economic self-sufficiency, ensuring contributors to the economy are not a burden on the state. From next spring, the government will substantially raise the earning threshold for overseas workers by almost 50%, encouraging businesses to prioritize British talent. Simultaneously, the minimum income requirement for British citizens sponsoring family members will see an increase. These steps aim to strike a balance, making sure those who work and live in the UK are economically self-sufficient contributors.   A New Era for Immigration Salary List To tackle cut-price labor from overseas, the government will end the 20% salary discount for shortage occupations and introduce the Immigration Salary List. This list, reviewed by the Migration Advisory Committee against increased salary thresholds, seeks to reduce the number of occupations eligible for discounts. The Graduate visa route will also undergo scrutiny to prevent abuse and ensure it aligns with the UK's best interests.  

Impact on Higher Education and Student Dependents

These measures build upon existing efforts to address the substantial rise in student-dependent visas. Expected to take effect in the new year, this change, along with the measures announced, aims to safeguard the integrity and quality of higher education in the UK.   Back to Work Plan - Prioritizing Domestic Workforce The government's ability to enact these measures is bolstered by its Back to Work Plan, an employment-focused support package aiming to enhance workforce skills and reduce dependence on migration. Building on the ambitious £7bn employment package from the Spring Budget, the plan targets individuals with long-term health conditions, disabilities, or prolonged unemployment.  

Home Secretary’s Vision for a Controlled Immigration System

Home Secretary James Cleverly emphasized the necessity of reducing net migration to protect British workers and public services. He stated, “It is clear that net migration remains far too high. By leaving the European Union, we gained control over who can come to the UK, but far more must be done to bring those numbers down so British workers are not undercut and our public services put under less strain.”   Fair Financial Contribution and Immigration Health Surcharge In addition to migration reduction measures, the government plans to ensure migrants contribute fairly to public services by increasing the annual Immigration Health Surcharge from £624 to £1,035. This move aims to prevent the exploitation of services, particularly the NHS.   Addressing Concerns in the Social Care Sector Acknowledging the importance of carers in filling labor shortages during the pandemic, the government recognizes the need to address concerns surrounding non-compliance, worker exploitation, and abuse within the adult social care sector. Today's measures aim to strike a balance between protecting the NHS and social care systems while addressing the emerging challenges.  

Tightening Health and Care Visas to Protect Public Services

The government will tighten the Health and Care visa to prevent overseas care workers from bringing dependents to the UK. Care providers in England will only be able to sponsor migrant workers involved in activities regulated by the Care Quality Commission. These measures aim to ensure that those entering the country contribute meaningfully to regulated and essential services.  

Conclusion - A Comprehensive Approach to Migration

In conclusion, the government's comprehensive approach to migration aims to strike a balance between protecting the interests of British workers, safeguarding public services, and maintaining the integrity of the immigration system. With a focus on economic self-sufficiency and fair contribution, these measures signal a new era in the UK's immigration landscape.   Sources: THX News, Home Office & The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP. Read the full article

[adj4mp]

How would I address the NHS?

The NHS is currently under massive mismanagement, too much money that is in the NHS budget is earmarked for private firms to provide care on behalf of the NHS. These private services are often not fit for purpose and whether they're used or not cost more than the NHS employing the staff to provide the actual required services in-house.

I only consider things that the NHS has control over to be within the NHS's budget. If the money must be paid to a company dictated by law or the Department for Health, rather than managed by people who work for the NHS and are paid from the NHS budget then the money isn't really NHS money and never was. By this metric, I think that the NHS has had severe funding cuts for at least 15 years, even beyond the fact that the NHS funding hasn't increased in line with inflation.

I think true free universal healthcare is an economic boon, people being unworried about their health and the costs associated with it improves their ability to handle other life stresses. It makes them more likely to be working and paying into the system.

I think there are a number of treatments that should be able to bypass GPs for adults, where Addiction and Public Health concerns are not an issue it should be possible to simply talk to a pharmacist to get access to certain medications. Self-diagnosis is entirely valid for many things and if those treatments were free and easy to access for anyone it could do an immense amount of good.

A list of drugs would include HRT, painkillers, side effect management, mood stabilisers, and SSRIs. At least at the lowest dosages and for some perhaps for a limited number of dispenses between physician visits. But other treatments might include mobility aids, physical therapy, counselling and so on. Making them accessible without GP time frees them to take more time with patients who need more help or don't know the right path to take.

Recreational drugs should also be available through pharmacies cheaply, making recreational drugs safer, directing people to less addictive alternatives, restricting dispenses to a single-day dosage and offering regular health monitoring improves the lives of users keeping them safer and reducing costs associated with overdosing or poisons. Removing the drug industry from criminal enterprises could make a significant dent in the associated crime, no longer would users be required to steal to pay for the most addictive drugs and long-term users are less likely to be pushed into taking the most dangerous recreational chemicals, and recreational drugs can be taxed too.

Destigmatising drug use is also a benefit, in many cases drug use is no worse than alcohol, and in some situations is safer for both the individual and society as a whole, but by letting people take the drugs they want to or need to without stigma allows them to hold down jobs more easily.

If it's health-related it should be possible to get it freely, easily and with minimal barriers. This is true for sickness, mental health services, optometry, and dentistry. I might even suggest rolling in alternative medicines where the practitioners understand that the service they're providing is in effect hypnosis or a very effective placebo and is not a replacement for actual medicines but can supplement other treatments.

For gatekept services like antibiotics, antivirals, antiparasitics, more intensive treatments and treatments that require ongoing monitoring this is the ideal realm of GPs, they're there to make sure the right drugs are being used, the right dosages are being suggested, that the usage doesn't create drug-resistant strains of common illnesses and that the overall health of patients is considered including the managing of side effects or signposting of other services when someone is seeking a treatment path that could benefit from specialists.

The only reason to deny a patient treatment should be public health or patient-related, the financial impact of prescriptions, services and recommendations must not be made to be the concern of the people deciding on what the best treatments are.

While I do believe it's in the best interest of everyone that the NHS be entirely free at the point of use, I'm not against some access to the NHS being costed either, where treatments are costly, risky or unnecessary like recreational drugs or elective surgeries then charges may be applicable to fast track through waiting lists or to get access. And rather than duplicating services with private healthcare for people wishing to bypass public waiting lists if you have the money and are willing to pay for your own treatment and costs associated with bumping others down the list you can jump to the head of the queue.

The nationalisation of private medical firms and bringing their staff under the NHS umbrella would start to address the staffing issues present within UK healthcare. The market value for NHS staff payments as well as working conditions should be enough to attract people to work here from other countries. And by hiring or training world-class practitioners we can ethically accept paying patients who travel to the UK for treatments too.

Any and all of these payments for services should be split between the NHS's savings and a bonus pot for practitioners who provide exceptional service. The NHS's bank account should be 'hidden' from the decisions regarding budgetary funding. In this way any accumulated savings can be used for things outside of the normal procedures like Pandemic responses, developing experimental treatments, maintaining services during economic contractions or upgrading facilities ahead of their normal life span. In 'ordinary' times though I believe the NHS's savings should be in the black and increase year on year.

[olko71]

New Post has been published on All about business online

New Post has been published on https://yaroreviews.info/2023/10/schools-and-nhs-caterers-must-stop-antibiotic-overuse

Schools and NHS caterers ‘must stop’ antibiotic overuse

Getty Images

By Malcolm Prior and Pallab Ghosh

BBC News Climate and Science

Hospital and school caterers are not doing enough to stop farmers from overusing antibiotics in their animals, according to campaign groups.

Such overuse raises the risk of antibiotic resistance rendering key human medicines ineffective.

Health and animal welfare campaigners analysed 10 UK caterers’ policies and found a lack of a ban meant controls on antibiotics could be weak or absent.

The government, caterers and suppliers say voluntary measures are effective.

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) points to a 55% drop in antibiotic use in food-producing animals since 2014 and an 83% decrease in the use of antibiotics most critical for human use.

Caterers who supply the public sector said they were committed to reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in animals farmed for food.

There is a global drive to reduce the use of antibiotics, in both human medicine and agriculture, to tackle the rise of ‘superbugs’ – strains of bacteria that can no longer be treated by certain drugs.

The Alliance to Save Our Antibiotics (ASOA) assessed the publicly-available food procurement policies of 10 of the UK’s leading caterers supplying the NHS, the education sector, care homes and prisons.

In a report released on Thursday, it claimed the firms had either “weak or non-existent” policies on antibiotic use.

It said the companies were “lagging well behind” the standards set by supermarkets and elsewhere in the commercial food sector.

CHRISTOPH BURGSTEDT/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Meanwhile, it found there is no current requirement for responsible antibiotic use in the government’s own public sector procurement standards. These are the mandatory food buying rules for the NHS, armed forces and prisons, and recommended best practice for schools and local authorities.

The alliance also found that Defra itself, which leads efforts to reduce antibiotic use on farms, has a contract with one of the firms criticised in the report.

Cóilín Nunan, the Alliance’s scientific advisor, told BBC News that the government could use its considerable purchasing power in public service contracts to encourage better controls on antibiotic use.

“The current situation shows a lack of joined-up thinking,” he said. “Defra is proposing legislation to ban the routine use of antibiotics on farms, yet it is concerning that a company that is not making a significant effort, based on what is publicly available, is winning a Defra contract.”

The catering company, ISS, said it took the responsible sourcing of food “incredibly seriously”.

“Every meal we serve meets stringent UK regulatory requirements and we work only with food suppliers who meet the high safety, animal welfare and traceability standards we demand as part of our contract terms,” a spokesperson said.

“We are currently in the process of updating our buying standards policy to formally address the use of antibiotics in our supply chain and will publish this document on our website in due course.”

ASOA comprises medical, environmental and animal welfare organisations who are worried that the continued overuse of antibiotics will render many of the lifesaving medicines we have today less effective.

That is because the infections that they are used to treat are continually adapting and they can evolve into forms that are resistant to antibiotic treatment.

One assessment in medical journal The Lancet calculates that more than 1.25m people worldwide are dying each year as the result of the emergence of new superbugs because of the overuse of antibiotics.

In the UK, the figure for deaths from drug-resistant infections is more than 7,500. These numbers are likely to increase and it is feared the development of new medicines to combat new infections will not keep up.

Governments across the world have acknowledged that the best way to slow the emergence of superbugs is to restrict the use of antibiotics, both in human and animal health.

Getty Images

Antibiotics are widely used on farms to protect animals from disease. But there has been concern that they can be routinely overused by the industry to prevent healthy animals, particularly those that are farmed intensively, from becoming ill. Consequently, government, agriculture and industry in the UK have agreed voluntary measures to limit their use.

Catherine McLaughlin, the chair of the Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture (RUMA) Alliance, said UK farmers should be recognised for their antibiotic stewardship programmes.

She said: “UK livestock sectors have achieved great results over the past decade.

“The concept of responsible use of medicines, and the importance of using the right medicine at the right time, and in the right way, is now engrained in everyday language on UK farms.”

Thursday’s report by ASOA looked at the publicly available policies of 10 of the UK’s leading catering companies.

It found that Apetito, ISS, Newrest, OCS and WSH had no publicly available antibiotic use policy; Aramark, CH&CO, Compass Group UK, Elior and Sodexo do have policies, but none of the 10 prohibited the routine use of antibiotics.

UK laws ‘exceeded’

The BBC approached the caterers for comment. Those that responded said they were committed to stopping inappropriate antibiotic use in their supply chains and used recognised traceable suppliers and farms, including those accredited by food standard assurance schemes such as Red Tractor.

They pointed out such schemes require farmers to avoid the use of antibiotics unless there is a specific need to treat an illness and even then only under the direction of a veterinary practitioner.

They said they were fully compliant with the government buying standards for food and catering services.

Apetito said it had a “steadfast commitment” to “curtailing inappropriate antibiotic use” and carried out supplier audits to “ensure that traceability of our food and standards are maintained.”

CH&CO said it was removing preventative use of antibiotics from the supply chain by the end of 2024 and was working with suppliers to ensure all meat, fish, dairy and eggs served in their public and private sector cafés and restaurants do not contain preventative antibiotics.

Compass Group UK said its current standards around the use of antibiotics in the supply chain “exceed UK legislation and guidance” and that its animal welfare policy makes it clear that the routine prophylactic use of antibiotics must be avoided.

Sodexo said its supplier charter obliges suppliers to implement the highest practical standards of farm animal welfare and provides the use of antibiotics should not be routine, and that antibiotic reduction plans should also be implemented.

Elior responded to the BBC but said it was unable to gather the relevant information to provide a statement in time.

A Defra spokesperson said the government was currently revising veterinary medicines legislation to tackle antimicrobial resistance and reduce the preventative use of antibiotics to groups of animals.

“We do not support the routine or predictable use of antibiotics, particularly where they are used to compensate for inadequate farming practices.

“That is why we are working to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics in animals, while safeguarding animal welfare,” she added.

Related Topics

Antibiotics

Drug resistance

School meals

Intensive farming

More on this story

Superbug fight ‘needs farms to cut antibiotic use’

22 November 2022

Drive to tackle rise of superbugs

16 May 2019

Supermarkets reveal antibiotics in meat

22 December 2017

[sandeep-health-care]

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Early Cancer Diagnosis

Improving the proportion of patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer is a key priority of the World Health Organisation. In many tumour groups, screening programmes have led to improvements in survival, but patient selection and risk stratification are key challenges. In addition, there are concerns about limited diagnostic workforces, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, placing a strain on pathology and radiology services. In this review, we discuss how artificial intelligence algorithms could assist clinicians in (1) screening asymptomatic patients at risk of cancer, (2) investigating and triaging symptomatic patients, and (3) more effectively diagnosing cancer recurrence. We provide an overview of the main artificial intelligence approaches, including historical models such as logistic regression, as well as deep learning and neural networks, and highlight their early diagnosis applications. Many data types are suitable for computational analysis, including electronic healthcare records, diagnostic images, pathology slides and peripheral blood, and we provide examples of how these data can be utilised to diagnose cancer. We also discuss the potential clinical implications for artificial intelligence algorithms, including an overview of models currently used in clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the potential limitations and pitfalls, including ethical concerns, resource demands, data security and reporting standards.

1. Introduction

Early cancer diagnosis and artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly evolving fields with important areas of convergence. In the United Kingdom, national registry data suggest that cancer stage is closely correlated with 1-year cancer mortality, with incremental declines in outcome per stage increase for some subtypes [1]. Using lung cancer as an example, 5-year survival rates following resection of stage I disease are in the range of 70–90%; however, rates overall are currently 19% for women and 13.8% for men [2]. In 2018, the proportion of patients diagnosed with early-stage (I or II) cancer in England was 44.3%, with proportions lower than 30% for lung, gastric, pancreatic, oesophageal and oropharyngeal cancers [3]. A national priority to improve early diagnosis rates to 75% by 2028 was outlined in the National Health Service (NHS) long-term plan [4]. Internationally, early diagnosis is recognised as a key priority by a number of organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection (ACED).

Many studies indicate that screening can improve early cancer detection and mortality, but even in disease groups with established screening programmes such as breast cancer, there are ongoing debates surrounding patient selection and risk–benefit trade-offs, and concerns have been raised about a perceived ‘one size fits all’ approach incongruous with the aims of personalised medicine [5,6,7]. Patient selection and risk stratification are key challenges for screening programmes. AI algorithms, which can process vast amounts of multi-modal data to identify otherwise difficult-to-detect signals, may have a role in improving this process in the near future [8,9,10]. Moreover, AI has the potential to directly facilitate cancer diagnosis by triggering investigation or referral in screened individuals according to clinical parameters, and automating clinical workflows where capacity is limited [11]. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of AI for early cancer diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, focussing on the types of data that can be used and the clinical areas most likely to see impacts in the near future.

2. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Oncology

2.1. Definitions and Model Architectures

AI is an umbrella term describing the mimicking of human intelligence by computers (Figure 1). Machine learning (ML), a subdivision of AI, refers to training computer algorithms to make predictions based on experience, and can be broadly divided into supervised (where the computer is allowed to see the outcome data) or unsupervised (no outcome data are provided) learning. Both approaches look for data patterns to allow outcome predictions, such as the presence or absence of cancer, survival rates or risk groups. When analysing unstructured clinical data, an often-utilised technique, both in oncology and more broadly, is natural language processing (NLP) [12]. NLP transforms unstructured free-text into a computer-analysable format, allowing the automation of resource-intensive tasks.

It is common practice in ML to split data into partitions, so that models are developed and optimised on training and validation subsets, but evaluated on an unseen test set to avoid over-optimism. A summary of commonly used supervised learning methods is provided in Table 1. Such methods include traditional statistical models such as logistic regression (LR) as well as novel decision tree and DL algorithms.

Deep learning (DL) is a subgroup of ML, whereby complex architectures analogous to the interconnected neurons of the human brain are constructed. Popular Python-based frameworks for deep learning include Tensorflow (Google) and PyTorch (Facebook), which provide features for model development, training and evaluation. Google also provides a free online notebook environment, Google Colaboratory, allowing cloud-based Python use and access to graphic processing units (GPUs) without local software installation.

Although a detailed description of neural network structures is beyond the scope of this article, artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to illustrate the overarching principles (Figure 2). As a recent example, Muhammad et al. used an ANN to predict pancreatic cancer risk using clinical parameters such as age, smoking status, alcohol use and ethnicity [18]. In their most basic form, ANNs consist of: (1) an input layer, (2) a ‘hidden layer’, consisting of multiple nodes which multiply the input by weights and add a bias value, and (3) the output layer, passing the weighted sum of hidden layer nodes to an activation function to make predictions. Deep learning simply refers to networks with more than one hidden layer.

Figure 2. Example of a single-hidden-layer ANN architecture. (1) The smoking status in pack years and lung nodule size (mm) are entered as the two input nodes. (2) In the hidden layer, each node multiplies the values from incoming neurons by a weight (shown as decimals at incoming neurons) and aggregates them. (3) The results are passed to an activation function, converting the output to a probability of cancer between 0 and 1. Multiple learning cycles are used to update the hidden layer weights to improve performance.

Many early diagnosis models have exploited convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, which led to a revolution in computer-vision research by allowing the use of colour images as input data. While the downstream fully connected layers resemble those of an ANN, the input data are processed by a series of kernels which slide over image colour channels and extract features, such as edges and colour gradients. These inputs are then pooled and flattened before being passed to the fully connected layer. Many pre-defined CNN architectures with varying degrees of complexity are available for use, including AlexNet [20], EfficientNet [21], InceptionNet [22], ResNet [23] and DenseNet [24]. As we discuss further in this article, CNNs have a wide range of applications in radiology and digital pathology.

2.2. Data Types: Electronic Healthcare Records

A number of emerging healthcare data modalities are suitable for analysis with AI. In recent years, a global expansion in electronic healthcare record (EHR) infrastructures has occurred, enabling vast amounts of clinical data to be stored and accessed efficiently [25]. Many exciting digital collaborations are arising to facilitate early diagnosis research using EHRs, including the UK-wide DATA-CAN hub [26]. Other digital databases record outcome measures and pathway data. For example, the Digital Cancer Waiting Times Database aims to improve cancer referral pathways through user-uploaded performance metrics [27].

It is important to draw a distinction between local hospital EHR data and national public health data registries, including those utilised by multi-centre screening studies. With registries, unified database structures are being implemented for consistency across institutions. A key aim of the NHSx ‘digital transformation of screening’ programme is to ensure interoperability of systems, so that data can flow seamlessly along the entire screening pathway, including into national registry databases [28]. An example of database unification is the new U.K. cervical cancer screening management system, which will simplify 84 different databases into a single national database, and aims to streamline data entry and provide simple, cloud-based access for users [29].

Digital databases, whether local or national, are ripe for analysis with AI, which is inherently able to process large amounts of information (‘Big Data’) [30]. EHR data typically include structured, easily quantifiable data such as admission dates or blood results, and unstructured free-text such as clinical notes or diagnostic reports. The latter can be analysed using NLP approaches. An overview of NLP in oncology is provided by Yim et al. [12], and example early diagnosis uses include identifying abnormal cancer screening results [31], auditing colonoscopy or cystoscopy standards [32,33] and identifying or risk-stratifying pre-malignant lesions [34,35,36,37,38]. NLP has also been used to automate patient identification for clinical trials, reducing the burden of eligibility checks [39]. Morin and colleagues published an exciting example of how AI and NLP technology can integrate into EHR systems: their model can analyse millions of data points and perform real-time cancer prognostication based on continuous learning of routinely collected clinical data

Read More: https://www.europeanhhm.com/articles/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-early-cancer-diagnosis

[nhlegalforms]

NH Divorce Forms vs. Hiring a Lawyer: Which is Best?

Divorce is a difficult and emotional process that can be complicated and confusing. One of the biggest decisions that a couple will face during a divorce is whether to use NH divorce forms or hire a lawyer. This article will explore the pros and cons of each option to help couples decide which is best for their situation.

1. Introduction

Divorce can be a difficult and emotional process that is often accompanied by financial strain. Many couples are hesitant to hire a lawyer due to the high cost, but also worry about the potential mistakes they could make when filing for divorce on their own. This is where NH divorce forms come in. They can be an affordable option for couples who are looking to simplify the process of divorce. However, they are not for everyone. This article will explore the pros and cons of using NH divorce forms versus hiring a lawyer.

2. Understanding NH Divorce Forms

NH divorce forms are pre-printed forms that can be purchased online or from a courthouse. They include all the necessary legal documents needed to file for divorce in the state of New Hampshire. The forms typically include a complaint for divorce, a financial affidavit, a parenting plan, and a marital settlement agreement.

3. Advantages of Using NH Divorce Forms

Cost-effective: NH divorce forms are typically less expensive than hiring a lawyer, which can save couples money in the long run.

Convenience: Filing for divorce using NH divorce forms can be done from the comfort of one's own home.

Control: Filing for divorce with NH divorce forms gives the couple control over their divorce, including the terms of the settlement.

4. Disadvantages of Using NH Divorce Forms

Complexity: Filing for divorce can be complicated, and using NH divorce forms requires some legal knowledge and research.

Errors: Filling out the forms incorrectly can cause delays or even result in the forms being rejected by the court.

Limited Support: Using NH divorce forms means that the couple will not have the support and guidance of a divorce lawyer.

5. Understanding Hiring a Divorce Lawyer

Hiring a divorce lawyer involves hiring an attorney to represent the couple in the divorce process. The lawyer will handle all aspects of the divorce, from filing the necessary paperwork to representing the couple in court.

6. Advantages of Hiring a Divorce Lawyer

Legal Knowledge: A divorce lawyer has the legal knowledge and experience necessary to navigate the complexities of the divorce process.

Guidance: A divorce lawyer can provide guidance and support to the couple throughout the entire divorce process.

Negotiation: A divorce lawyer can negotiate on the couple's behalf to ensure they receive a fair settlement.

7. Disadvantages of Hiring a Divorce Lawyer

Cost: Hiring a divorce lawyer can be expensive, and the cost can add up quickly.

Loss of Control: Hiring a divorce lawyer means that the couple is giving up some control over the divorce process, including the terms of the settlement.

Length of Process: Hiring a divorce lawyer can make the divorce process longer due to legal proceedings and negotiations.

8. Factors to Consider When Choosing Between NH Divorce Forms and a Divorce Lawyer 

Complexity of Case: If the case is complex, it may be best to hire a divorce lawyer who can provide the necessary expertise and experience to handle the case.

Time: If time is a factor, using NH divorce forms may be the quickest way to file for divorce.

Cost: If cost is a major concern, using NH divorce forms may be the most cost-effective option.

Level of Conflict: If the level of conflict between the couple is high, it may be best to hire a divorce lawyer who can act as a mediator and provide guidance in negotiating a fair settlement.

10. FAQs

Q: Are NH divorce forms difficult to fill out?

A: Filling out NH divorce forms can be complicated, and it is important to research and understand the legal requirements before attempting to fill them out.

Q: How long does it take to file for divorce using NH divorce forms?

A: The length of time it takes to file for divorce using NH divorce forms varies, but it typically takes between 1 to 3 months.

Q: Will I need a lawyer if I use NH divorce forms?

A: It is not necessary to hire a lawyer if you use NH divorce forms, but it is recommended to seek legal advice if you have any questions or concerns.

Q: How much does it cost to hire a divorce lawyer in New Hampshire?

A: The cost of hiring a divorce lawyer in New Hampshire varies, but it typically ranges from $200 to $400 per hour.

Q: Where can I find NH divorce forms?

A: NH divorce forms can be found online or at a courthouse in New Hampshire.

Conclusion

choosing between NH divorce forms and hiring a lawyer is a decision that should be based on the specific circumstances of your case. If you need affordable and straightforward options, NH divorce forms might be the right choice for you. However, if you require legal guidance and support, hiring a divorce lawyer might be a better fit. Regardless of your choice, be sure to research and understand the legal requirements before proceeding. If you're interested in using NH divorce forms, consider visiting nhlegalforms.com to learn more and get started today.

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