#Moses Tripoli

[scavengedluxury]

Elf is part of the Fargo cinematic universe, change my mind

[could-they-be-a-pro-wrestler]

How successful would Ohanzee "Hanzee" Dent…

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[thefutureiswhat]

Malvo's narration about Moses being adopted as a baby being placed over a shot of Wrench and Numbers, in a season where their boss is shown to be named MOSES Tripoli, before Season 2 even reveals that he used to be Hanzee Dent, a man who, like Moses, was adopted as a child and is implied to have taken Wrench and Numbers in at a young age as well...

[tdciago]

could you, fargo oracle, elaborate on the idea that linda took in two kids? your tags on that post really caught my eye.

We know that Linda took in Dot, so it's not out of the question that she would have also taken in Gator as a baby. This would explain why he is not named Roy. He is not Roy's biological child.

Gator is compared to Oedipus in his official character bio, and Oedipus was also raised by parents who were not his biological mother and father, though he was not aware of that fact. He was the biological son of a king who was raised by another king.

The name Roy means king.

We also see a cigar store Indian outside the gas station where Witt speaks to Danish. I believe this is a reference to Hanzee Dent from season 2, who took on the new identity of Moses Tripoli.

Moses was also raised by people who were not his biolgical parents. He was found by the pharaoh's daughter in a basket in the reeds along the Nile, where his mother had hidden him to protect him from being killed, as there was an edict to kill all of the Hebrews' male children.

In Dot's puppet show, Linda rescues young Nadine from Carl the shopkeeper by saying that Nadine had no choice but to put the chocolate chips in her pocket, because Carl had taken away all the baskets. So there is a connection between baskets and children who were taken in and raised by people not their parents.

The shoplifting scene was very similar to the scene between Gator and Witt in the evidence room, suggesting another similarity and connection between Dot and Gator.

[preblesboys]

Skipped ahead but get a load of this

The fact that the new boss had to ask this is ridiculous! Crew man got war flashbacks from Tripoli!

A crew member Moses Smith recollects that the entire crew had such an attachment to Isaac Hull that they hated to see him leave and the air almost felt like mutiny was about to happen.

[andersunmenschlich]

Full quotes in context below the cut.

"I believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life. I believe in the equality of man, and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavouring to make our fellow-creatures happy. But, lest it should be supposed that I believe many other things in addition to these, I shall, in the progress of this work, declare the things I do not believe, and my reasons for not believing them.

"I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any other church that I know of. My own mind is my own church. All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian, or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and to monopolize power and profit." —Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (1794) .

"As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion,—as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Musselmen [Muslims],—and as the said States never have entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mehomitan [Islamic] nation, it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries." —Article 11 of the 1797 Treaty of Tripoli, written by Joel Barlow, ratified unanimously by the US Senate, signed by President John Adams

["Now be it known, That I John Adams, President of the United States of America, having seen and considered the said Treaty do, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, accept, ratify, and confirm the same, and every clause and article thereof." —John Adams on the Treaty of Tripoli] .

"This free exercise of reason is all I ask for the vindication of the character of Jesus.

"We find in the writings of his biographers matter of two distinct descriptions. First a groundwork of vulgar ignorance, of things impossible, of superstitions, fanaticisms, & fabrications.

"Intermixed with these again are sublime ideas of the supreme being, aphorisms and precepts of the purest morality & benevolence, sanctioned by a life of humility, innocence, and simplicity of manners, neglect of riches, absence of worldly ambition & honors, with an eloquence and persuasiveness which have not been surpassed.

"These could not be inventions of the grovelling authors who relate them. They are far beyond the powers of their feeble minds.

"They show that there was a character, the subject of their history, whose splendid conceptions were above all suspicion of being interpolations from their hands. Can we be at a loss in separating such materials, & ascribing each to its genuine author?

"The difference is obvious to the eye and to the understanding, and we may read; as we run, to each his part; and I will venture to affirm that he who, as I have done, will undertake to winnow this grain from its chaff, will find it not to require a moment's consideration. The parts fall asunder of themselves as would those of an image of metal & clay.

"There are, I acknowlege, passages not free from objection, which we may with probability ascribe to Jesus himself; but claiming indulgence from the circumstances under which he acted.

"His object was the reformation of some articles in the religion of the Jews, as taught by Moses. That Seer had presented, for the object of their worship, a being of terrific character, cruel, vindictive, capricious and unjust. Jesus, taking for his type the best qualities of the human head and heart, wisdom, justice, goodness, and adding to them power, ascribed all of these, but in infinite perfection, to the supreme being, and formed him really worthy of their adoration." —Thomas Jefferson to William Short, 4 August 1820

"You ask if I mean to publish anything on the subject of a letter of mine to my friend Charles Thompson? Certainly not. I write nothing for publication, and last of all things should it be on the subject of religion. On the dogmas of religion (as distinguished from moral principles), all mankind, from the beginning of the world to this day, have been quarrelling, fighting, burning and torturing one another, for abstractions unintelligible to themselves and to all others, and absolutely beyond the comprehension of the human mind. Were I to enter on that arena, I should only add an unit to the number of Bedlamites." —Thomas Jefferson to Mathew Carey, 11 November 1816

["It is a document in proof that I am a real Christian, that is to say, a disciple of the doctrines of Jesus, very different from the Platonists, who call me infidel, and themselves Christians and preachers of the gospel, while they draw all their characteristic dogmas from what its author never said nor saw." —Thomas Jefferson on his 'wee little book', in a letter to Charles Thomson on 9 January 1816] .

"On a general comparison of the present & former times, the balance is certainly & vastly on the side of the present as to the number of religious teachers, the zeal which actuates them, the purity of their lives, and the attendance of the people on their instructions. It was the universal opinion of the century preceding the last that civil government could not stand without the prop of a religious establishment, & that the Xn religion itself would perish if not supported by a legal provision for its clergy.

"The experience of Virginia conspicuously corroborates the disproof of both opinions.

"The civil government, though bereft of everything like an associated hierarchy, possesses the requisite stability and performs its functions with complete success, whilst the number, the industry, and the morality of the priesthood & the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of the Church from the State." —James Madison to Robert Walsh Jr., 2 March 1819 .

I can't find any evidence that John Adams ever said or wrote the exact words "the United States is not, in any sense, a Christian nation."

He did, however, sign the Treaty of Tripoli, written by Joel Barlow and containing (in its English version, which was the one President John Adams signed) Article 11: "the government of the United States of America is in no sense founded on the Christian religion."

Thomas Paine: “I do not believe in…any church,” he declared. In a call to arms against what he called church-state tyranny in early America, he insisted that “every national church or religion accuses the others of unbelief; for my own part, I disbelieve them all.”

George Washington: "The government of the United States is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion."

Thomas Jefferson: " The Christian God is a being of terrific character -- cruel, vindictive, capricious, and unjust . We discover in the Bible a groundwork of vulgar ignorance, of things impossible, of superstition, fanaticism and fabrication . On the dogmas of religion, as distinguished from moral principles, all mankind, from the beginning of the world to this day, have been quarreling, fighting, burning and torturing one another, for abstractions unintelligible to themselves and to all others, and absolutely beyond the comprehension of the human mind."

James Madison: “It was the universal opinion of the [18th] century, that civil government could not stand without the prop of a religious establishment and that the Christian religion itself would perish if not supported by a legal provision for its clergy.” But as President, Madison found that, “the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of church from the state.”

John Adams: “the United States is not, in any sense, a Christian nation.”

[inthefallofasparrow]

Idea for a fifth and final season of Fargo

Set in 2016, about five years after season 3 and ten years after season 1, the story interconnects many of the narratives from all of the previous anthologies, with various returning characters tied into a new story.

See below...

MAIN CHARACTERS Odina Tripoli (Amber Midthunder) - During a long exile, the tenacious daughter of deceased mob boss, Moses Tripoli a.k.a. Hanzee Dent, has gone from bratty to vengeful in her entitlement. She is now looking to re-establish the Fargo Crime Syndicate, ten years after its dissolution at the hands of Lorne Malvo (season 1). A chance encounter with Charlie Gerhardt, the last surviving member of his own crime family syndicate from the 70s (season 2), now happily living his life as a law-abiding citizen, does not dissuade her from her path to take back control of the town from the Kansas City Mafia, with the help of her father’s only remaining employee, a deaf hitman.

Wes Wrench (Russell Harvard) - After escaping custody at Duluth hospital ten years ago (episode 1x08), and returning to the mob headquarters, Wrench discovered that Malvo had killed everyone there except for the boss’s precocious teenager. He begrudgingly took her to a log cabin near Blackduck to hide with her last known family; a distant cousin of Hanzee’s named Shep Proudfoot. Shep had been a fugitive in hiding there since a triple homicide incident in 1987 (Fargo, the movie). Wrench was recaptured by the police and put in jail, but returned to Blackduck years later, with a briefcase full of money that he and Nikki Swango took from Varga (episode 3x10). Odina convinced him to wait as she planned how to use the money to take back Fargo. Zero Fadda (Joe Mantegna) and Mike Milligan a.k.a. Satchel Cannon (John Amos) - Now in their seventies, the two sons of crime bosses from a dying age, once traded away as pawns (season 4), now run what is left of the Kansas City Mafia together as close friends. Over the decades, the organization has evolved from a criminal enterprise into a largely legitimate business concern. Zero looks after the professional, above-board side, while Mike handles any illegal undertakings when necessary. This partnership has served them well, but since taking Fargo from the Gerhardt family in ‘79, eventually losing it to Moses Tripoli, and then reclaiming it again after Moses’ death, the Minnesota area has been more difficulty than it’s worth, especially now Odina Tripoli has returned as a new challenger stirring up trouble. Winnie Lopez (Olivia Sandoval), Now the chief at St Cloud Police Department, and pregnant again, she is assigned to a bank robbery and multiple homicide, where the robber appeared disinterested in taking any money, and his accomplice appeared unaware he was taking part in a robbery at all. Greta Grimly (Joey King), Molly Solverson’s stepdaughter, now in her early 20s and studying crime in Twin Cities. She and Lou Solverson (Keith Carradine), Molly’s father, have grown especially close, and often organize to meet up for lunch in Brainerd, halfway between Bemidji and the capitol, to keep in touch. After Lou is caught in the crossfire during a bank robbery while there, Greta is spurred to investigate, and becomes entrenched in Odina’s brewing turf war. Bly Vanderslice (Aubrey Plaza) Winnie’s estranged half-sister is an escort with a penchant for drugging her clients and running up their hotel room service tabs while they sleep, before leaving them in compromising positions. Her mother, Noreen, babysat Molly as a child (season 2) and she shares her interest in philosophy and nihilism. Bly suffers from face-blindness, which makes her role as a witness to a series of murders largely untenable.

Dirk de Wees van Hoebeek (Dan Stevens) An awkward, introverted local birdwatcher and duck enthusiast who has developed an unhealthy obsession with Bly, fantasizing that the two of them are dating. He mistakes her literal inability to recognize his face, as a sign of her playing hard-to-get, and is eager to impress her despite her indifference. When Wrench discovers he knows sign language, he tricks Dirk into acting as his interpreter during a bank heist, implicating him in the crime. Wrench gives him all of the money they take, making Dirk suddenly rich, but an unwitting scapegoat. Oddly enough, everywhere he goes, he seems to be randomly haunted by stereotypical lumberjacks (both in iconography and actual people); a symbol of the dominant masculinity he can never personally attain. Ruby Goldfarb (Mary McDonnell), In the past five years, ‘The Storage Queen of The Great Lakes Region’ (season 3) has gone from strength to strength, and after recently buying the ‘Phoenix Farms’ supermarket chain from former ‘Supermarket King of Minnesota’ (Season 1), a now despondent Stavros Milos (David Platt), she is looking to expand further west into North Dakota. But given their control over the area, this expansion will require the mafia’s blessing and necessitates a sit-down with Zero Fadda and his representative in Fargo. Pearl Smutney-Cannon (Aunjanue Ellis), The niece of Mike Milligan, she owns a car dealership in Alexandria as a front for the Kansas City Mafia, her involvement with whom is only familial and unavoidable as her finances are tied up with theirs. She represents their interests in Fargo, but intends to distance herself from the mob, taking this new conflict as an opportunity to get out. She is targeted first when her dealership is shot up by Odina’s crew during a drive-by, damaging much of her stock. This prompts her to uncover the secret partnership between Odina Tripoli and Ruby Goldfarb, that was formed after Zero refused to support Goldfarb’s expansion to the west.

Gaear Grimsrud (Peter Stormare), After his actions in 1987 (Fargo, the movie), Gaear is serving multiple life sentences in jail, where he meets Wes Wrench and becomes a twisted sort of mentor figure to him. His connections on the outside help Wrench and Tripoli build an army to retake Fargo. He also alerts them to a safety deposit box of unexplained importance in a bank in Brainerd, which confusingly turns out to contain only a small replica statue of Paul Bunyan, the theft of which starts off the narrative chain of events.

[aion-rsa]

Fargo Season 4 Finale Post-Credits Scene Explained

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This Fargo article contains spoilers for the season 4 finale.

Fargo season 4’s finale, “Storia Americana,” wraps up an uneven season of FX’s crime series about as effectively as one could have hoped. The hour is thematically consistent, if a little short (which may have had something to do with the final two episodes’ abbreviated COVID-19 production schedule). In true Fargo fashion, the season ends with plenty of our main characters dead. Josto Fadda (Jason Schwartzman) is killed for not properly realizing the power of his own family (and for a simple misunderstanding with killer nurse Oraetta Mayflower), while Loy Cannon (Chris Rock) is killed for underestimating the power of another family.

All in all, “Storia Americana” tells a rather complete story…or storia. But then, Fargo showrunner and this episode’s writer Noah Hawley decides to give viewers one more post-credits scene for the road. The post-credit scene in “Storia Americana” brings back a beloved actor and character from the show’s second (and best) season, and ties him into the loose Fargo continuity in a rather effective way. Here is what you need to know about the post-credit scene from this season 4 finale. 

Midway through the Fargo season 4 finale credits, the black screen slowly gives way to a cracked asphalt road somewhere out in the American Midwest. Then the camera pans up to find a car driving down that lonely highway. Sitting in the backseat of that car is none other than Mike Milligan (Bokeem Woodbine). Mike was one of the central antagonists from Fargo season 2 – a charismatic and talkative enforcer sent by the Kansas City mob to deal with the Gerhardt family, Fargo’s most notable crime syndicate in the ‘70s. Driving the car is one of the two Kitchen brothers (Wayne and Gale, played by Brad and Tood Mann), who served as Mike’s bodymen. 

As Mike looks out the window, a scene of Loy Cannon’s son Michael a.k.a. “Satchel” walking down the road after escaping the Faddas fades in and is displayed beside Mike’s face. The implication here is clear. As many viewers have long-suspected, Michael “Satchel” Cannon grows up to be Mike Milligan. It turns out that being traded from one crime family to another, experiencing that new family trying to murder you, only to return home to one’s birth father just in time to watch him die is a compelling formula for how to create a murderer. 

Fargo, bless it, was never shy about dropping clues to Satchel’s ultimate fate. In the first minutes of season 4’s premiere, the show reveals that one of Kansas City’s earliest gangs is the Irish crime family known as “The Milligan Concern.” This set off some alarm bells for Fargo fans, who are presumably always thinking about Mike Milligan. They knew a guy named Milligan, and he came from Kansas City after all! 

Of course, the Milligan Concern was not long for this world, edged out first by a Jewish gang, and then by an Italian one. The name lived on, however, in the form of Patrick “Rabbi” Milligan (Ben Wishaw). Rabbi Milligan is so-named because he was traded by his Irish family to the Moskowitz Syndicate. After a few years, Rabbi helped his old family take out his new one and the Moskowitzes were annihilated. Then, when the Fadda Family came to town, Rabbi’s father humiliated him by trading him again instead of his younger brother. Rabbi then helped the Faddas take out his own family, including him personally executing his own father. 

Throughout the series Rabbi Milligan proves to be a valuable companion to Satchel Cannon, after Satchel himself is traded to the Fadda Family. If there’s anything that Rabbi knows, it’s what it feels like to be traded as part of a power-sharing agreement between two crime families. Rabbi and young Satchel a.k.a Mike Milligan grew close, and when the order came down from Josto to kill Satchel, Rabbi saved the boy’s life and the pair hit the road together. Rabbi saved Mike’s life once again, but in the process was carried off by a tornado (because Fargo). This sent Mike out on the road alone with only his motel terrier buddy Rabbit for company. 

Perhaps Mike had eyes on returning to a “normal” life when he finally arrived home and reconnected with his father. But any hope of that ended with one gunshot from Zelmare Roulette (Karen Aldridge). Mike then presumably found his way into the life of crime like his father. Unlike his father, however, he was unable to establish his own crime family. As the Fargo season 4 finale makes clear, the days of boutique little crime families are coming to an end. The Italian mafia has infiltrated just about every meaningful aspect of organized crime in every major city. Any other crime syndicates will serve at the Italian mob’s pleasure. And it would seem that that’s just what Mike Milligan does. 

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The adult Mike Milligan is a highly proficient negotiator, diplomat, and killer. The Kansas City mob is happy to work with him because he gets things done…and can deftly recite Lewis Carroll’s “Jabberwocky” from memory. Earlier on in Fargo season 4, a character named Joe Bulo was introduced to Josto. Joe Bulo is actually a character in Fargo season 2 (played by Brad Garrett), and it is he who convinces the Kansas City crime family to send Mike Milligan north to shore things up with the Gerhardts. It now seems clear that Joe Bulo being introduced this season was no accident and it is he who helps transition one-time Fadda family member Mike “Satchel” Cannon deeper into the crime world. And when Mike enters into that world, he adopts the name of Rabbi Milligan, the man who saved his life over and over again. 

Each season of Fargo is distinct and is intended to be appreciated on its own merits. Through four seasons now, however, the show has filled out its modest canon here and there. Season 2 previously revealed that Dodd Gerhardt’s helper Hanzee Dent (Zahn McClarnon) received plastic surgery to become Fargo mob leader Moses Tripoli. Season 3 also had some tenuous ties back to season 2, including the existence of Mr. Wrench. It’s this Mike Milligan reveal though that proves once and for all just how deep the Fargo rabbit hole can go.

The post Fargo Season 4 Finale Post-Credits Scene Explained appeared first on Den of Geek.

from Den of Geek https://ift.tt/3lkiAAF

[myrtlebroadbelt]

Chapters: 1/1 Fandom: Fargo (TV) Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Characters: Charlie Gerhardt, Mr. Numbers (Fargo), Mr. Wrench (Fargo), Moses Tripoli Additional Tags: 1980s, POV Multiple, Post-Season/Series 02

Summary:

In 1983, Charlie Gerhardt is released from prison and sets out to take back what’s his.

Two teenage hitmen have other ideas.

[canaryrecords]

In the second half of the 19th century, troupes of Moroccans, Egyptians, and Syrians performed in the United States at tent shows, circuses, minstrel shows, vaudeville houses, and theaters as ethnographic/ exotic spectacles for American audiences. Several members of the first Syrian family to emigrate to the U.S., headed by a medical doctor named Yusuf Arbeely (b. 1828, five miles outside of Damascus) who arrived with his wife, niece, and five sons in August 1878, toured during the 1880s offering paying customers (25 cents for adults; 15 cents for kids) a chance to see people from the Holy Land in native costume. The 1893 Columbia World Exposition in Chicago offered many more Americans the chance to witness aspects of Arab and Turkish culture at its pavilions. (Three wax cylinders recorded there by Benjamin Ives Gilman on the morning of September 25, 1893 by four musicians from Beirut and totaling less than five minutes of sound are, strictly speaking, the first sound recordings of Arabs made in the United States.)

Through the end of the 19th and beginning of the early 20th centuries Syrian immigrants to the U.S. developed enclaves in about a dozen cities and towns in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Michigan, and New York. By 1920, over 150,000 Arabic-speaking immigrants from Greater Syria (the Ottoman districts of Aleppo, Damascus, Beirut, Mount Lebanon, and Jerusalem) established themselves in a variety of retail, service, and manufacturing trades, especially the garment business. 40,000 more immigrants from the Syrian diaspora had settled in Canada and Mexico, 300,000 in Brazil and Argentina, and 40,000 more elsewhere in South America and the Caribbean. In the wake of the catastrophe of WWI, in which 18% of the Syrian population died, and the politics of the establishment of the nation of Lebanon, most remained in the Americas.

The first Syrian-American to have recorded in the U.S. was, in fact, second generation: a composer and pianist named Alexander Maloof (b. ca. 1884-85) whose parents arrived from Zahle (present-day Lebanon) in 1884 and applied for citizenship the following year. He was already publishing sheet music of his compositions, by 1901, had established as a music teacher in Brooklyn by 1905 and was performing in public by 1911. His music synthesized American and Syrian elements. In 1912, he copyrighted “America Ya Hilwa” (which he called “For Thee, America” in English) and campaigned for years to have it become the U.S. national anthem. In September and October, 1913, he recorded a porto-ragtime piano arrangement of the traditional Ottoman tune “Alyazayer” and an original composition called “A Trip to Syria” (a trip that he, himself, never made during his lifetime). It is unclear whether the resulting disc was marketed to English or Arabic speaking audiences. But in April 1916 a group credited only as “Syrian Band” recorded four sides for Columbia records in New York and issued as part of their E (ethnic) series for the immigrant community; the hybridized style of those performances are not unlike material Maloof recorded and self-released by Maloof,including his “America Ya Hilwa”, in the 1920s, and it seems reasonable to speculate that these were made under his direction. On his own label, his issued a wide variety of material by his own Oriental Orchestra as well as then-popular immigrant performers. After folding the label, he recorded several more sessions for other labels including Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. (Among them were a series of organ solos marketed to funeral parlors and roller rinks.) He produced piano rolls, performed on radio, toured widely, and continued teaching in to the 1950s. Richard M. Breaux’s excellent biographical article on Maloof points out that when he died on leap day 1956 in New Jersey, his local obituary pointed out his efforts to transcribe and preserve Levantine folk music.

Arabic-language discs were imported physically from Beirut and Cairo during the early 1910s by entrepreneurs including A.J. Macksoud who ran a series of music shops on and around Manhattan’s Washington Street, while at the same time Victor Records issued overseas recordings domestically in the U.S. for the immigrant market. It was not until the Maronite priest Rev. George Aziz (b. 1872) recorded a single disc on May 15, 1914 in New York with violin accompaniment that the Arabic language was recorded commercially in the U.S. (Again we refer those interested in a recent biographical article on Aziz by Richard Breaux.) March 18 and 19 of 1915, the first Syrian recording star Nahum Simon made his first recordings for Columbia.

Simon appears to have been a professional shoemaker, born January 25, 1890. He seems to have tried to emigrate first in June 1904 at the age of 15, but after being detained for four days for medical reasons, was deported. He successfully entered the U.S. in 1912, settling first on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn with his wife Rahill and their two American-born children Evaleen (b. ca. 1915) and Joseph (b. ca. 1917). Between March and September 1915, he recorded 12 discs, and then in 1916-17 another 21, all for Columbia. Their popularity would seem to have been the catalyst for the wave of recordings of Arabic-speaking immigrants that took place over the second half of the 1910s. He did not however record again until the 1920s when he made 8 more discs for Victor Records (including two 12” discs) and 3 12” discs for Columbia. After a few appearances of WBBC’s Syrian Hour radio show in early 1933, we are unclear what happened to him.

The only other singers to have recorded nearly as prolific as Simon during the 1910s and 20s were Selim Domani, who made at least 30 discs for Maloof’s label; Louis Wardini, who made 6 discs for Victor on May 16, 1917 and another 25 discs for independent labels in the 20s (including Maloof’s); and Constantine Sooss (or Souse), who released 17 discs on Victor and Columbia during the period October 1917 to February 1920. (Again, Richard Breaux has written biographical studies of all three of them.) One factor ties together the recordings of Simon, Domani, Sooss, Wardiny, and (potentially) Aziz. They all include the violin accompaniment of Naim Karacand. A 2500-word biographical article on Karacand, published at Breaux’s Midwest Majar blog, is attached among the download files for this album. But here is a brief summary:

Karacand was born on September 2, 1890 in Aleppo, Syria, where he was raised Catholic. He arrived at Ellis Island October 10, 1909 and settled in Brooklyn, followed by his younger brother Hicmat and parents Abdullah and Susie. He was first married in 1912, and he had his wife Najeema had three children (1913-17) - the period during which he recorded with Nahum Simon, William Kamel, Moses Cohen, and others as well as about another 10 discs under his own name or anonymously. His band at the time included Shehade Ashear (or Shehadi Ashkar, kanun) and Abraham Halaby (oud), both of whom were Halabi (Aleppan) Jews, or in some cases oudist Toufic Gabriel Moubaid (born ca. 1887-88 in Tripoli, Lebanon). During 1921-22, he was involved in a protracted, bitter, and very public divorce that tore his family apart. He recorded prolifically through the 20s for Maloof and A.J. Macksoud independent labels based in southern Manhattan’s Little Syria neighborhood.

His Declaration of Intent to naturalize as the citizen of the United States on July 10, 1923 was witnessed by his regular collaborator Toufic Moubaid and the dancer Anna Athena Arcus, a native of Mersin, Turkey five years his senior whom he later married. In 1930-32 Karacand worked as a music consultant on a series of film in Hollywood, notably including Mata Hari starring Greta Garbo. In 1936-37, he traveled to Brazil for the wedding of his brother Chukri and performed there before returning to Brooklyn. He spent the 1930s and 40s playing WHOM’s Friday evening Arabian Nights radio program and performing constantly at gatherings of the Syrian-Lebanese community. He continued to record prolifically for independent labels through the 1940s and 50s in New York. Among his last recordings were in 1958 at jazz-Arabic hybrid sessions for Riverside Records under the direction of Ahmed Abdul-Malik, who was then bassist for Thelonious Monk. Following the deaths of his second wife and all three of his children, he died in Astoria, Queens in 1973 and is buried in Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

A composer and performer who was held in high regard in his community, Karacand’s repertoire and skill allowed him to play with a wide variety of performers from a variety of backgrounds. Even among his earliest recordings on this album, he plays a classical peshrev (“bishro”) by the Ottoman-Armenian Tatyos (tracks 17-18), urban Beirut/Cairo-style classical tarab (tracks 5-6 and 9-10), and Syrian rural folk deke dances (tracks 21-22 which were originally issued uncredited). His collaborators included Jews (including Moses Cohen, who we suspect was born in Aleppo ca. 1894) as often as Christians.

Between May 1914 and February 1920, Columbia Records issued a total of 70 discs recorded by Arabic-speaking immigrants before ceasing to record them. Victor a total of 32 discs between September 1913 and July 1921 and persisted only sporadically through the 1920s. By and large the market gap for Syrian-American performers on record during the 20s was filled by the Maloof and Macksoud labels. This collection then represents about 10% of the total output for the time-period it covers. Allthough lacking certain key performers (Souss in particular) and sourced from acoustically recorded discs in very mixed condition from over a century ago, and lacking in biographical details for two of its performers (William Kamel and Moses Cohen), I hope it serves as window into in the musical world of a remarkable American immigrant community deserving of more attention.

All tracks recorded at Columbia Grafophone's Woolworth Building studio on Broadway except for 1 & 2 recorded at Victor Records' New York City studio.

Instrumentalists on tracks 3-22 are likely Naim Karacand (violin), Shehade Ashear (or Shehadi Ashkar, kanun) and either Abraham Halaby or Toufic Moubaid (oud).

Recordings dates via Richard K. Spottswood Ethnic Music on Records (University of Illinois Press) and Columbia Records E Series, 1908-23 (Mainspring Press): 1 July 24, 1913 2 September 18 1913 3-6 April 1916 7-10 May 1916 11-18 June 1916 19-20 January 1917 21-22 May 1919

Transfers, restoration, and notes by Ian Nagoski, 2017-2020 Thanks to Richard M. Breaux whose ongoing research into early 20th century Arabic-speaking immigrants can be found at syrianlebanesediasporasound.blogspot.com

Thanks also to Steve Shapiro, Nancy Karacand, and Jorge Khlat.

Further reading: Elmaz Abinader. Children of the Roojme: A Family’s Journey from Lebanon. University of Wisconsin Press, 1997. Donna Carlton: Looking for Little Egypt. IDD Books, 2011 Stacy D. Fahrenthold. Between the Ottomans and the Etente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925. Oxford University Press, 2019. Sarah M. Gaultieri. Between Arab and White: Race and Ethnicity in the Early Syrian American Diaspora. University of Caltifornia Press, 2009 Princess [sic] Rahme Haidar. Under Syrian Stars. Fleming H. Revell, 1929. Linda K. Jacobs. Strangers in the West: The Syrian Colony of New York City, 1880-1900. Kaliyah Press, 2015. Salom Rizk. Syrian Yankee. Doubleday, 1943. Najiba E. Saliba. Emigration from Syria and the Syrian-Lebanese Community in Worcester, MA. Antakya Press, 1992. Lee S. Tesdell et al. The Way We Were: Arab-Americans in Central Iowa, an Oral History. Iowa Humanities Board, 1993.

[thefutureiswhat]

Found Moses Tripoli in The X Files today.

I’m just gonna pretend he had a phase where he dressed like this and Wes and Grady made fun of him behind his back.

[ettoiliste59]

Mercato : Moses Orkuma rejoint le Stade Gabesien

Mercato : Moses Orkuma rejoint le Stade Gabesien

Le Stade Gabesien a annoncé, ce soir, le recrutement d’un nouveau joueur. Il s’agit du milieu de terrain, Moses Orkuma. L’ancien international olympique, qui était sous contrat avec l’Etoile Sportive du Sahel depuis 2014 évoluait à Al Ahly Tripoli. Il s’est engagé pour deux saisons en faveur de la Stayda. Quelques heures plus tard, la direction du SG a fait savoir que le milieu de terrain…

[polisinfocus-blog]

Deputados que votaram a favor da terceirização.

Estes são os deputados que votaram a favor da terceirização (Anotem os nomes para saber como votar nas próxima eleições):

p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 120%; }

DEM

Abel Mesquita Jr. RR Sim

Alberto Fraga DF Sim

Alexandre Leite SP Sim

Carlos Melles MG Sim

Claudio Cajado BA Sim

Eli Corrêa Filho SP Não

Elmar Nascimento BA Sim

Felipe Maia RN Sim

Francisco Floriano RJ Não

Hélio Leite PA Sim

Jorge Tadeu Mudalen SP Sim

José Carlos Aleluia BA Sim

Juscelino Filho MA Sim

Mandetta MS Não

Marcelo Aguiar SP Não

Marcos Rogério RO Não

Marcos Soares RJ Abstenção

Misael Varella MG Abstenção

Missionário José Olimpio SP Não

Osmar Bertoldi PR Sim

Pauderney Avelino AM Sim

Paulo Azi BA Sim

Professora Dorinha Seabra Rezende TO Não

Rodrigo Maia RJ Art. 17

Vaidon Oliveira CE Sim

Total DEM: 25   

PCdoB

Alice Portugal BA Não

Assis Melo RS Não

Chico Lopes CE Não

Daniel Almeida BA Não

Davidson Magalhães BA Não

Jandira Feghali RJ Não

Jô Moraes MG Não

Luciana Santos PE Não

Moisés Diniz AC Não

Orlando Silva SP Não

Professora Marcivania AP Não

Rubens Pereira Júnior MA Não

Total PCdoB: 12   

PDT

Afonso Motta RS Não

André Figueiredo CE Não

Assis do Couto PR Não

Carlos Eduardo Cadoca PE Sim

Dagoberto Nogueira MS Não

Damião Feliciano PB Não

Félix Mendonça Júnior BA Não

Flávia Morais GO Não

Hissa Abrahão AM Não

Julião Amin Castro MA Não

Leônidas Cristino CE Não

Mário Heringer MG Não

Pompeo de Mattos RS Não

Sergio Vidigal ES Não

Subtenente Gonzaga MG Não

Weverton Rocha MA Não

Wolney Queiroz PE Não

Total PDT: 17   

PEN

Junior Marreca MA Sim

Walney Rocha RJ Sim

Total PEN: 2   

PHS

Dr. Jorge Silva ES Não

Givaldo Carimbão AL Não

Marcelo Matos RJ Não

Pastor Eurico PE Sim

Total PHS: 4   

PMB

Weliton Prado MG Não

Total PMB: 1   

PMDB

Alceu Moreira RS Sim

André Amaral PB Sim

Aníbal Gomes CE Sim

Carlos Bezerra MT Sim

Celso Jacob RJ Abstenção

Celso Maldaner SC Sim

Celso Pansera RJ Não

Cícero Almeida AL Sim

Daniel Vilela GO Sim

Darcísio Perondi RS Sim

Fábio Ramalho MG Sim

Fabio Reis SE Não

Flaviano Melo AC Sim

Hermes Parcianello PR Não

Hildo Rocha MA Sim

Jarbas Vasconcelos PE Sim

Jéssica Sales AC Não

João Marcelo Souza MA Sim

Jones Martins RS Sim

José Fogaça RS Não

José Priante PA Sim

Josi Nunes TO Não

Laura Carneiro RJ Sim

Lelo Coimbra ES Sim

Leonardo Quintão MG Sim

Marco Antônio Cabral RJ Sim

Marinha Raupp RO Sim

Mauro Lopes MG Sim

Mauro Pereira RS Sim

Moses Rodrigues CE Não

Pedro Paulo RJ Sim

Rodrigo Pacheco MG Sim

Rogério Peninha Mendonça SC Sim

Saraiva Felipe MG Sim

Sergio Souza PR Sim

Sergio Zveiter RJ Sim

Simone Morgado PA Não

Soraya Santos RJ Sim

Valdir Colatto SC Sim

Valtenir Pereira MT Sim

Veneziano Vital do Rêgo PB Não

Walter Alves RN Não

Wilson Beserra RJ Sim

Zé Augusto Nalin RJ Sim

Total PMDB: 44   

PP

Adail Carneiro CE Sim

Afonso Hamm RS Não

Aguinaldo Ribeiro PB Sim

André Abdon AP Sim

Arthur Lira AL Sim

Beto Salame PA Não

Cacá Leão BA Sim

Conceição Sampaio AM Não

Dilceu Sperafico PR Sim

Dimas Fabiano MG Sim

Eduardo da Fonte PE Sim

Esperidião Amin SC Não

Ezequiel Fonseca MT Sim

Fausto Pinato SP Sim

Fernando Monteiro PE Sim

Franklin Lima MG Sim

Guilherme Mussi SP Sim

Hiran Gonçalves RR Sim

Iracema Portella PI Sim

Jerônimo Goergen RS Sim

Jorge Boeira SC Não

Julio Lopes RJ Sim

Lázaro Botelho TO Sim

Luis Carlos Heinze RS Sim

Luiz Fernando Faria MG Sim

Maia Filho PI Sim

Marcus Vicente ES Sim

Mário Negromonte Jr. BA Sim

Nelson Meurer PR Sim

Paulo Henrique Lustosa CE Sim

Renato Andrade MG Sim

Renato Molling RS Sim

Renzo Braz MG Sim

Ricardo Izar SP Sim

Roberto Britto BA Sim

Ronaldo Carletto BA Sim

Rôney Nemer DF Não

Simão Sessim RJ Sim

Toninho Pinheiro MG Sim

Waldir Maranhão MA Não

Total PP: 40   

PPS

Alex Manente SP Não

Arnaldo Jordy PA Não

Arthur Oliveira Maia BA Sim

Carmen Zanotto SC Não

Eliziane Gama MA Não

Marcos Abrão GO Sim

Pollyana Gama SP Não

Rubens Bueno PR Sim

Total PPS: 8   

PR

Adelson Barreto SE Não

Alexandre Valle RJ Não

Alfredo Nascimento AM Não

Bilac Pinto MG Sim

Cabo Sabino CE Não

Cajar Nardes RS Sim

Capitão Augusto SP Sim

Christiane de Souza Yared PR Não

Delegado Edson Moreira MG Sim

Delegado Waldir GO Não

Edio Lopes RR Sim

Gorete Pereira CE Sim

João Carlos Bacelar BA Sim

José Carlos Araújo BA Sim

José Rocha BA Sim

Laerte Bessa DF Sim

Lúcio Vale PA Sim

Luiz Nishimori PR Sim

Magda Mofatto GO Sim

Marcelo Álvaro Antônio MG Sim

Marcelo Delaroli RJ Não

Marcio Alvino SP Sim

Miguel Lombardi SP Sim

Paulo Feijó RJ Sim

Paulo Freire SP Não

Remídio Monai RR Sim

Silas Freire PI Sim

Tiririca SP Não

Vicentinho Júnior TO Sim

Zenaide Maia RN Não

Total PR: 30   

PRB

Alan Rick AC Não

Antonio Bulhões SP Sim

Beto Mansur SP Sim

Carlos Gomes RS Sim

Celso Russomanno SP Sim

César Halum TO Sim

Cleber Verde MA Sim

Jhonatan de Jesus RR Sim

João Campos GO Sim

Jony Marcos SE Não

Lincoln Portela MG Não

Lindomar Garçon RO Sim

Marcelo Squassoni SP Sim

Márcio Marinho BA Sim

Pr. Luciano Braga BA Abstenção

Roberto Alves SP Sim

Roberto Sales RJ Sim

Ronaldo Martins CE Não

Sérgio Reis SP Sim

Silas Câmara AM Sim

Vinicius Carvalho SP Sim

Total PRB: 21   

PROS

Eros Biondini MG Não

Felipe Bornier RJ Sim

Odorico Monteiro CE Não

Ronaldo Fonseca DF Não

Toninho Wandscheer PR Sim

Total PROS: 5   

PRP

Nivaldo Albuquerque AL Sim

Total PRP: 1   

PSB

Adilton Sachetti MT Sim

Átila Lira PI Sim

César Messias AC Sim

Creuza Pereira PE Não

Danilo Cabral PE Não

Flavinho SP Não

George Hilton MG Não

Janete Capiberibe AP Não

José Reinaldo MA Sim

Jose Stédile RS Não

Júlio Delgado MG Não

Leopoldo Meyer PR Sim

Luciano Ducci PR Sim

Luiz Lauro Filho SP Sim

Maria Helena RR Sim

Marinaldo Rosendo PE Sim

Rafael Motta RN Não

Rodrigo Martins PI Sim

Severino Ninho PE Não

Tenente Lúcio MG Sim

Tereza Cristina MS Sim

Total PSB: 21   

PSC

Andre Moura SE Sim

Arolde de Oliveira RJ Sim

Eduardo Bolsonaro SP Sim

Irmão Lazaro BA Não

Jair Bolsonaro RJ Abstenção

Júlia Marinho PA Sim

Pr. Marco Feliciano SP Abstenção

Professor Victório Galli MT Sim

Total PSC: 8   

PSD

André de Paula PE Sim

Átila Lins AM Sim

Cesar Souza SC Abstenção

Danrlei de Deus Hinterholz RS Sim

Diego Andrade MG Sim

Domingos Neto CE Sim

Edmar Arruda PR Sim

Evandro Roman PR Sim

Expedito Netto RO Não

Fábio Faria RN Sim

Fábio Mitidieri SE Não

Herculano Passos SP Sim

Heuler Cruvinel GO Não

Irajá Abreu TO Sim

João Paulo Kleinübing SC Sim

João Rodrigues SC Não

Joaquim Passarinho PA Sim

José Nunes BA Sim

Júlio Cesar PI Sim

Marcos Montes MG Sim

Marcos Reategui AP Sim

Paulo Magalhães BA Sim

Raquel Muniz MG Sim

Reinhold Stephanes PR Sim

Rogério Rosso DF Não

Rômulo Gouveia PB Sim

Sandro Alex PR Sim

Sérgio Brito BA Sim

Stefano Aguiar MG Não

Thiago Peixoto GO Sim

Victor Mendes MA Sim

Total PSD: 31   

PSDB

Adérmis Marini SP Sim

Arthur Virgílio Bisneto AM Não

Betinho Gomes PE Não

Bruna Furlan SP Sim

Caio Narcio MG Sim

Célio Silveira GO Não

Daniel Coelho PE Não

Domingos Sávio MG Sim

Eduardo Barbosa MG Sim

Eduardo Cury SP Sim

Elizeu Dionizio MS Sim

Fábio Sousa GO Sim

Geovania de Sá SC Não

Geraldo Resende MS Sim

Giuseppe Vecci GO Sim

Guilherme Coelho PE Sim

Izalci Lucas DF Sim

Izaque Silva SP Não

João Gualberto BA Sim

Jutahy Junior BA Sim

Lobbe Neto SP Não

Luiz Carlos Hauly PR Sim

Mara Gabrilli SP Não

Marco Tebaldi SC Sim

Marcus Pestana MG Sim

Mariana Carvalho RO Não

Miguel Haddad SP Sim

Nelson Padovani PR Sim

Nilson Leitão MT Sim

Nilson Pinto PA Sim

Otavio Leite RJ Sim

Paulo Abi-Ackel MG Sim

Pedro Cunha Lima PB Sim

Pedro Vilela AL Não

Ricardo Tripoli SP Sim

Rocha AC Não

Rodrigo de Castro MG Sim

Rogério Marinho RN Sim

Shéridan RR Sim

Silvio Torres SP Sim

Vanderlei Macris SP Sim

Vitor Lippi SP Sim

Yeda Crusius RS Sim

Total PSDB: 43   

PSL

Alfredo Kaefer PR Sim

Dâmina Pereira MG Não

Total PSL: 2   

PSOL

Chico Alencar RJ Não

Edmilson Rodrigues PA Não

Glauber Braga RJ Não

Ivan Valente SP Não

Jean Wyllys RJ Não

Luiza Erundina SP Não

Total PSOL: 6   

PT

Adelmo Carneiro Leão MG Não

Afonso Florence BA Não

Ana Perugini SP Não

Andres Sanchez SP Não

Angelim AC Não

Arlindo Chinaglia SP Não

Assis Carvalho PI Não

Benedita da Silva RJ Não

Beto Faro PA Não

Bohn Gass RS Não

Caetano BA Não

Carlos Zarattini SP Não

Chico D Angelo RJ Não

Décio Lima SC Não

Enio Verri PR Não

Givaldo Vieira ES Não

Helder Salomão ES Não

Henrique Fontana RS Não

João Daniel SE Não

José Airton Cirilo CE Não

José Guimarães CE Não

Leo de Brito AC Não

Leonardo Monteiro MG Não

Luiz Couto PB Não

Luiz Sérgio RJ Não

Luizianne Lins CE Não

Marco Maia RS Não

Marcon RS Não

Margarida Salomão MG Não

Maria do Rosário RS Não

Nelson Pellegrino BA Não

Nilto Tatto SP Não

Padre João MG Não

Patrus Ananias MG Não

Paulão AL Não

Paulo Pimenta RS Não

Paulo Teixeira SP Não

Pedro Uczai SC Não

Pepe Vargas RS Não

Reginaldo Lopes MG Não

Robinson Almeida BA Não

Rubens Otoni GO Não

Ságuas Moraes MT Não

Valmir Assunção BA Não

Valmir Prascidelli SP Não

Vander Loubet MS Não

Vicente Candido SP Não

Vicentinho SP Não

Wadih Damous RJ Não

Waldenor Pereira BA Não

Zé Carlos MA Não

Zé Geraldo PA Não

Zeca Dirceu PR Não

Zeca do Pt MS Não

Total PT: 54   

PTB

Alex Canziani PR Sim

Arnaldo Faria de Sá SP Não

Benito Gama BA Sim

Deley RJ Não

Jorge Côrte Real PE Sim

Josué Bengtson PA Sim

Nelson Marquezelli SP Sim

Nilton Capixaba RO Sim

Paes Landim PI Sim

Pedro Fernandes MA Sim

Sabino Castelo Branco AM Sim

Sérgio Moraes RS Não

Wilson Filho PB Não

Zeca Cavalcanti PE Sim

Total PTB: 14   

PTdoB

Cabo Daciolo RJ Não

Luis Tibé MG Sim

Rosinha da Adefal AL Sim

Silvio Costa PE Não

Total PTdoB: 4   

PTN

Ademir Camilo MG Não

Alexandre Baldy GO Sim

Aluisio Mendes MA Sim

Antônio Jácome RN Abstenção

Bacelar BA Não

Carlos Henrique Gaguim TO Sim

Dr. Sinval Malheiros SP Sim

Ezequiel Teixeira RJ Sim

Francisco Chapadinha PA Sim

Jozi Araújo AP Sim

Luiz Carlos Ramos RJ Não

Renata Abreu SP Sim

Ricardo Teobaldo PE Sim

Total PTN: 13   

PV

Antonio Carlos Mendes Thame SP Sim

Evair Vieira de Melo ES Não

Evandro Gussi SP Sim

Leandre PR Não

Roberto de Lucena SP Não

Uldurico Junior BA Não

Total PV: 6   

REDE

Alessandro Molon RJ Não

Aliel Machado PR Não

João Derly RS Não

Miro Teixeira RJ Não

Total REDE: 4   

Solidariede

Augusto Carvalho DF Não

Augusto Coutinho PE Sim

Aureo RJ Não

Benjamin Maranhão PB Sim

Carlos Manato ES Sim

Genecias Noronha CE Sim

Laercio Oliveira SE Sim

Lucas Vergilio GO Não

Major Olimpio SP Sim

Paulo Pereira da Silva SP Não

Wladimir Costa PA Sim

Zé Silva MG Não

Total Solidariede: 12

[itmightrain]

Kill and be killed. Head in a bag. There’s the message.

[ladyetherea]

What if Hanzee as Tripoli kept a memento of Simone. He had enormous empathy for the abuse she suffered and the way her dad underestimated her intelligence. They bonded a bit more when waiting for Skip to arrive at Rye’s apartment. When Hanzee/Tripoli went to see the empty Gerhardt compound he sees the dearly departed clothes in boxes left out for Goodwill to collect. He reads each box and is shocked to see the label “Simone’s clothes.” He may’ve harbored resentment against most of the family but never the children, never her. He opens it and at the top was her favorite fringe jacket and he takes it.

Later tween Wrench sees it in his closet and puts it on. At first Tripoli was irked as he did so without permission and was ready to correct him as it was a ladies’ jacket. Then he thought how she would’ve been such a great member of the syndicate if she was given the chance. She was smarter than Ricky G. and many of the dim bulbs that passed through the Gerhardt operations. Heck, she was smarter than Rye and her dad. It didn’t matter her sex and Wrench would become a tremendous associate if he was even half as clever as she.  With a deep breath he says, “Take care of it well. It came from the best associate I ever met.” Wrench wore it until he outgrew it and simply had a new one fashioned. It was his lucky jacket. It made him feel as if he was the best associate Tripoli ever had.

[secular-jew]

While there were periods of tolerance with Jews in Islamic-populated and controlled regions of the Middle East & North Africa (MENA), let this chronology disavow any notion that Islam treated its Jewish neighbors "well."

The list of massacres of Jews throughout all of Europe largely at the hands of Christianity, is equally, if not even more exhaustive.

But for Jews in MENA, it all started with Muhammad, who gave birth to concept of regularly demonizing and terrorizing, the majority and minority Jewish communities, often ending in outright theft of property, and then rape and murder of those folks who would not "submit."

The horrific attacks on Oct 7, 2023, all filmed for the world to see (because Islamists now publicly revel in their barbarity of infidels), was just one in a long list of 100+ of atrocities at the hands of Muhammad and his followers:

622 - 627: Ethnic cleansing of Jews (who comprised roughly 50% of the population of Medina) carried out by Muhammad and his Jihadis. Over 800 Jewish men and boys (based on a pubic hair check), were killed by beheading. Women were forced into sexual slavery, and the children were given to Islamic Jihadis as slaves. Mohammad force-married Safiyyah, after murdering her husband and father.

629: 1st Alexandria Massacres of Jews, Egypt.

622 - 634: Exterminations of Arabian Jewish tribes.

1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakesh decrees death penalty for any local Jew, including his Jewish Physician, and as well as his Jewish military general.

1033: 1st massacre of Jews in Fez, Morocco.

1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam, or expulsion.

1066: Granada Massacre of Jews, Muslim-occupied Spain.

1165 - 1178: Jews of Yemen given the choice (under new constitution) to either convert to Islam or die.

1165: Chief Rabbi of the Maghreb was publicly burnt alive. The Rambam (Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon), forced to flee Spain to Egypt.

1220: Tens of thousands of Jews massacred by Muslims Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, after being blamed for Mongol invasion.

1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolved to burn all the Jews, a ditch having been dug for that purpose; but at the last moment he repented, and instead exacted a heavy tribute, during the collection of which many perished.

1276: 2nd Fez Pogrom (massacre) against Jews in Morocco

1385: Khorasan Massacres against Jews in Iran

1438: 1st Mellah Ghetto massacres against Jews in Morocco

1465: 3rd Fez Pogrom against Jews in Morocco, leaving only 11 Jews left alive

1517: 1st Safed Pogrom in Muslim Ottoman controlled Judea

1517: 1st Hebron Pogrom in Muslim-controlled Judea, by occupying Ottomans

1517: Marsa ibn Ghazi Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Libya

1577: Passover Massacre throughout the Ottoman Empire

1588 - 1629: Mahalay Pogroms of Jews in Iran

1630 - 1700: Yemenite Jews considered 2nd class citizens and subjugated under strict Shi'ite 'dhimmi' rules

1660: 2nd Judean Pogrom, in Safed Israel (Ottoman-controlled Palestine)

1670: Expulsion of Mawza Jews in Yemen

1679 - 1680: Massacres of Jews in Sanaa, Yemen

1747: Massacres of the Jews of Mashhad, Iran

1785: Pogrom of Libyan Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripoli, Libya

1790 - 92: Tetuan Pogrom. Morocco (Jews of Tetuuan stripped naked, and lined up for Muslim perverts)

1800: Decree passed in Yemen, criminalizing Jews from wearing clothing that is new or good, or from riding mules or donkeys. Jews were also rounded up for long marches naked through the Roob al Khali dessert

1805: 1st Algiers Massacre/Pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria

1808: 2nd Ghetto Massacres in Mellah, Morocco

1815: 2nd Algiers massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria

1820: Sahalu Lobiant Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1828: Baghdad massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Iraq

1830: 3rd massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algiers, Algeria

1830: Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran

1834: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Hebron, Judea

1834: Massacre/pogrom of Safed Jews in Ottoman-controlled Palestine/Judea

1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews in Iran

1840: Damascus Affair following first of many blood libels against Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1844: 1st Cairo Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1847: Dayr al-Qamar massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon

1847: Ethnic cleansing of the Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman-controlled Palestine

1848: 1st Damascus massacre/pogrom, in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1850: 1st Aleppo massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1860: 2nd Damascus massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1862: 1st Beirut massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon

1866: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans Kuzguncuk, Turkey

1867: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Barfurush, Turkey

1868: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Eyub, Turkey

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Sfax, Tunisia

1864 - 1880: Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Marrakesh, Morocco

1870: 2nd Alexandria Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1870: 1st Istanbul massacre of Jews in Ottoman Turkey

1871: 1st Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1872: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Edirne, Turkey

1872: 1st Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Izmir, Turkey

1873: 2nd Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1874: 2nd Izmir massacre of Jews in Turkey

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Istanbul Turkey

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Beirut, Lebanon

1875: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Aleppo, Syria

1875: Massacre of Jews in Djerba Island, Ottoman-controlled Tunisia

1877: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanhur, Egypt

1877: Masaacres of Jews in Mansura, Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1882: Masacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Homs, Syria

1882: 3rd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1890: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damascus, Syria.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1891: 4th massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanahur, Egypt.

1897: Targeted murder of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripolitania, Libya.

1903 &1907: Masaacres of Hews in Ottoman-controlled Taza & Settat, Morocco.

1901 - 1902: 3rd set of massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1901 - 1907: 4th set of Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1903: 1st massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Sa'id, Egypt.

1903 - 1940: Series of massacres in Taza and Settat, Morocco.

1907: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Casablanca, Morocco.

1908: 2nd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Said, Egypt.

1910: Blood libel against Jews in Shiraz, Iran.

1911: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Shiraz, Iran.

1912: 4th massacre in Ottoman-controlled Fez, Morocco.

1917: Baghdad Iraq Jews murdered by Ottomans.

1918 - 1948: Yemen passes a law criminalizing the raising of a Jewish orphan in Yemen.

1920: Massacres of Jews in Irbid Jordan (British mandate Palestine).

1920 - 1930: Arab riots resulting in hundreds of Jewish deaths, British mandate Palestine.

1921: 1st Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1922: Massacres of Jews in Djerba, Tunisia.

1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery, and forced toonvert to Islam by Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen.

1929: 3rd Hebron (Israel) massacre of Jews by Arabs in British mandate Palestine.

1929 3rd massacre of Jews by Arabs in Safed (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1933: 2nd Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1934: Massacre of Jews in Thrace, Turkey.

1936: 3rd riots by Arabs against Jews in Jaffa (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1941: Masaacres of Jews in Farhud, Iraq.

1942: Muslim leader Grand Mufti collaboration with the Nazis, playing a major role in the final solution.

1938 - 1945: Full alliance and collaboration by Arabs with the Nazis in attacking and murdering Jews in the Middle East and Africa.

1945: 4th massacre of Jews by Muslims in Cairo, Egypt.

1945: Masaacre of Jews in Tripolitania, Libya.

1947: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Aden, Yemen.

2023: Massacre, rape, torture and kidnapping of ~1,500 Israelis (mostly Jews) by Muslims in numerous towns throughout southern Israel