#Mineral admixtures

[naturalhealthstore]

WHY CHOOSING THIS STORE

The Natural Health Store is built entirely for people. You can also buy items at retail. Here products are manufactured and sold in a healthy and clean manner. Made naturally without any artificial fertilizers. You tell customers how to prepare products in a healthy way. The products produced in this route are low in cost and high in quality.It plays an important role in health. This is what people want in today's world. Using this method not only increases the immunity of a person but also plays an important role in their health. Many friends visit this Anganwadi. Its capable employees clear the doubts of the customers about its product.

STORE FACILITY

Cooling facility is also provided to prevent spoilage. Coconuts are produced in large quantities and sold to small scale enterprises at low prices. The company has its own coconut trees. Coconut water is produced without any additives. The price is low and the quality is high. The rice we use on a daily basis is grown in our own company. Rice is produced by organic farming without any admixture. Rice is also delivered to small shops. A customer service has been introduced for which you can report any defect in the goods.

Nutrition Value Of Milk:

Milk is the most essential food for man and child. It is rich in many nutrients. The most important of them are calcium, protein, vitamin D, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and zinc.

Natural Milk Preparation:

Natural milk productioncontains they own 10 acres of land and a green cow farm. It has 50 cows. Pure milk is obtained from these cows. These cows eat natural foods such as paddy, fodder crops, cotton paddy, groundnut paddy, maize straw and unfertilized fodder. The cow is very healthy by eating this. The milk produced by it is very clean and of good quality. The cow milk obtained from here is taken to the natural Anganwadi. It is also maintained in a clean manner. Cooling facility is also provided to prevent spoilage

Cow Milk Uses:

Normally used for drinking. Mostly used in small tea shops. Widely used in hotels and bakery shops. Widely used in bank and new offices. Festivals and wedding events play an important role Various food items, snacks and many other products are produced in it like curd, buttermilk, paneer, curd, ice cream, Butter, almond milk.

Milk Health Benefits:

⦁ Strengthens bones and plays an important role in maintenance. ⦁ Milk contains high quality protein which is essential for muscle growth and maintenance. ⦁ It plays an important role in controlling minor heart disorders and blood pressure diseases. ⦁ Promotes tooth growth and reduces tooth decay. ⦁ It also helps in weight gain. Reduces effects on gut health and digestive problems.

Nutrient Value Of Coconut:

Coconut is very important. highly versatile and nutritious, with different a range of culinary and health benefits. Coconut is combination of water, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. Coconut is produced coconut milk, coconut oil etc.

Natural coconut oil preparation:

It has its own 30 acre coconut grove where coconut oil is produced organically. The trees are grown naturally without any admixture. Take the coconut from the coconut tree and break it into small pieces and dry it in the sun. It should be dried in the sun for two or three days.Pure coconut oil is made from the dry coconut without adding any artificial additives. The oil should be kept in the sun for two or three days. Then the oil is brought to our facility and packaged.

Advantages Of Coconut:

Coconut plays an important role in all households. Used to make more snacks. Cooking plays an important role. Coconuts are mostly used in festivals and temples. Coconut milk and coconut oil are used in large bakeries

Coconut Health Benefits:

⦁ Coconuts are rich in calcium and magnesium which gives good strength to the bones. ⦁ High consumption of coconut oil helps control blood sugar levels. ⦁ Helps to reduce body weight. ⦁ Being rich in fiber plays an important role in heart health. ⦁ Consuming coconut milk helps in skin growth. ⦁ Protects hair from stress, stimulates hair growth, eliminates dandruff problem. ⦁ Increases immunity, Drinking fresh water increases energy. ⦁ Being rich in fiber, it helps in digestion.

Advantages of health store:

⦁ Only fresh products available. ⦁ Materials are always clean. ⦁ You can also buy the item online. If there is any doubt about the goods then the customer can be contacted. ⦁ Products prepared without any adulteration. ⦁ The price will be low and the quality of the products will be high. ⦁ No shipping coast.

[maxparkhurst]

As Within, So Without

Below was truly an enchanted place. 

 Nothing like the Above. 

The Above was messy with its blinding opulence and dazzling decorum. Glasses clinked in time to an unspoken rhythm, a sea of color shifting to the orchestra’s deafening lull. The guests paraded around in their elaborate attire. Bright colors and high-contrast patterns attract the eyes of suitors and ward against the gaze of predators. They smiled through venom-dipped tongues and laughed the rage from their eyes. They spoke of power and how it wore down their soles. They spoke of wealth and how heavy it weighed around their throats. They did not hear the whipping in their voices when they talked. They didn’t hear the fear and doubt.  They didn’t know the truth.

In the Above, contradiction was law. 

Look at me. 

Don’t perceive me. 

The Alchemist preferred the simplicity of the Below. Lanterns marked the long descent into the manor’s underbelly. An eternal fire kept alive through alchemical intervention burned within them, stretching her shadow into something far larger than reality. Its presence loomed as it trailed her heels down the creaking steps. The stairs whispered comfort in her ears. And the walls, pressed so close, swallowed the chaotic din of the Above. Down, down, down. Deep underground, where the sun could not see, lay the Below. 

Unbeknownst to the partygoers Above, the Malakhov estate housed an extensive, well-furnished laboratory. The stairwell opened onto an expansive room. Shelves lined the walls from floor to ceiling, holding enough books to qualify a library of its own merit. Any book that could not fit on the shelves lay in towers around the single desk nested in the center. The study fed into an antechamber that branched into three main rooms, each connected to the other by a secret passage.  First was the drying room, where exotic plants were propagated, stored, and dried for future elixirs. Next, the distillation room and its work tables clustered with alembics and crucibles, mortars and pestles,  and vials of coalescing liquids. The final room was a testing room. Concoctions in their late stages were stored there, casting a preternatural glow across a line of cages. Beady eyes gleamed between the metal rungs. Watching. Waiting. Craving more. 

The Alchemist found comfort here. Comfort in the clatter of glass, in the chirp of rats, or in the gentle boil of admixture. The ceiling occasionally groaned, and boisterous laughter from the Above rolled down the steps. But nothing ever came down the stairs. No one to interrupt. No one to judge. Only she, the rats, and her dark shadow. Just as she liked it. 

Time passed differently in the Below. It felt more like a blended haze than a clear-cut delineation. Hours spent and lost circling the chambers - study, drying, distillation, test, and back again. Her path settled on a culture of mushrooms inside the drying room.  

Their propagation began with decay. A tree that lay rotten for weeks in the manor’s grounds provided the mycelia grains. From that, she prepared the grains and loaded them into jars. Fed them sugar and water. They spent several days under the artificial light of alchemical globes until they were ready for sterilization. Afterward, she inoculated the spores. Transferred into a still-air box to cultivate immunization. Only then could she plant them in a mineral-infused substrate. Weeks upon months of labor resulted in pock-marked fungi. With the hard parts over,  all she needed to do now was give them a gentle mist.

She watched them glisten under the lamp’s glow with a sense of fondness. Death from life. And life from death. A continuous, predictable cycle. An equal exchange. That was the law of the Below. 

But it was not its simplicity that made it an enchanted place. 

She heard it. Faint but growing strong. The rats settled in their cages, and the simmering brews spoke in hushed whispers. Alchemical lanterns flickered, and the shadows receded under the tables. All of the Below waited with bated breath. From Above came the muffled clop of heels. They rolled over the aged stairs like the soft hush of rain, pooling in the niches of the laboratory's crevices. The moment spanned for eternity until a stunning river of maroon fabric spilled through the drying room’s threshold. A woman built with a generous frame leaned in, dark hair cascading over her shoulders. Her smile, sweet as honey, devoured the dark like the dawn of a new day. Too bright. Too much. The Alchemist averted her eyes. Tried to focus her attention on misting the mushrooms. 

“There you are.” 

The woman’s voice traveled free through the air, unbound by law or gravity as it heralded her sweeping hem across the chamber. Her crimson-dipped heels hovered in the Alchemist’s peripheral. A sudden dryness coated the chemist’s tongue. It made it hard to swallow. 

“My little fox.” 

A chill raced down the Alchemist’s spine as the woman’s warm breath brushed her ear. She drew in a sharp breath. And held it as she felt a hand cupping either hip. She closed her eyes and savored the subtle warmth. 

“Lady Malakhov,” was all the Alchemist managed to pull from her chest. 

The Lady’s hands quested upwards. Along her hips. Across her ribcage. Over her fluttering heart and past her collarbone. Up, up, up. The Alchemist’s veins were hot, and her lungs were cold by the time she felt slender fingers caress her scarred cheek. She choked back a hiccup. And leaned into the touch, peeking her eyes open

Even in the dark Below, Lady Malakhov shined so bright with her golden smile. The Alchemist found it hard to look at the Lady without squinting- as if she were staring into the sun. So, she listened to the warmth in her lady’s palm and fed on the sweetness of her words. 

“Please, Maxinora,” - She made her name sound so beautiful- “There is no need for formality here.  Just Vallory.” 

“Vallory,” Max echoed on the back of a quivering sigh. 

And Vallory rewarded her with an eye-wrinkling grin. “Thank you,” she purred, thumb stroking Max’s cheek, “Now then, my dear little fox, why have you burrowed?  There are guests waiting upstairs. They’ve traveled from all across Kul’tiras for you.”  

Max pursed her lips, gaze skittering to the floor as she receded into herself. There was a momentary silence before Vallory tutted. Those gentle hands fell from Max’s cheeks, leeching all her warmth with them. She swallowed hard. And tried not to shiver. 

 Vallory always managed to bring the scrutinous light into the Below, shrinking Max and her shadow into their actual size. The Lady shot the culture of mushrooms a cursory glance before humming. “Do you prefer the company of fungi best?

“No!” Max blurted. 

Their eyes met, and a wave of discomfiture burned Max’s cheeks. The disappointment in Vallory’s gaze gleamed brighter than a sunburnt sky. Max found it hard to breathe. Found it hard to speak. The words clawed at her throat, begging to be spoken, but all she could manage were breathless gasps. 

Finally: “I’m sorry.” 

Max huddled in the thin strip of shadows, hugging her stomach. Little by little, she tore her voice from her chest. “People are complicated.” Her gaze darted to the culture and their pock-marked caps. “Mushrooms are not.” 

Vallory inclined her head back. Peered down her nose at Max. Then breathed a laugh void of humor. Her smile fell short of her eyes. “Alchemists are such eccentric creatures.”

“If it would please you,” Max murmured, “I’ll go back upstairs.” 

A subtle shush and slender fingers raking through her hair silenced Max. 

“You look positively pale when you say that.” 

Max squeezed her eyes shut as Vallory tipped her chin back. Even then, she could still see the woman’s silhouette dancing behind her eyelids like sunspots. She swallowed hard. “It terrifies me.” 

“If you’re scared,” - She spoke in such a quiet hush that coaxed Max closer- “Then don’t go.” 

“But if I don’t…” 

Closer. 

Closer.

Closer… 

“... You’ll leave.” 

Max never heard the next question. Rather, she felt it against her own lips. 

“Do you want me to stay?” 

The Above was bright and loud. 

The Below was dark and quiet. 

But when a bit of the Above seeped into the Below… 

… It became a truly enchanted place.

“Yes.”

[juniperpublishersmaterialscience]

Analysis of Mineral Pigments from the Gnishikadzor Area, Southeastern Armenia

Authored by: Yeghis Keheyan

Abstract

The territory of the Republic of Armenia is very rich with ores and different types of deposits, including resources of natural mineral pigments. They differ by large variation of colours and are represented by painted ores, clays, and earths, among which the most significant is the group of paints with yellow, red and brown shades (ochre). Vayots Dzor Province in South-Eastern Armenia is among the rich areas where painted earths are widely spread. Presence of red and brown ochre are very well visible in the south-western part of the province, in the gorge of the Gnishik River, which is also known as the Noravank Gorge, due to the monastic complex of Noravank located here. Red colour rocks in the area of the Noravank Gorge (Gnishikazdor) represented by the sedimentary strata of the Upper Devonian and are determined by the Famennian Stage (375-359 million years). The samples analysed were taken from the foothills of the Noravank Monastery and analysed by different techniques: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); FT-IR spectroscopy; XRD diffraction analysis, which allow to indicate the presence of different elements trough contrast variations (atomic number contrast), to determine spectral ranges where absorption peaks were detected, as well as to perform phase identifications. The results show that the concretion is a hard, compact mass of matter formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. It is composed of a carbonate mineral such as calcite; an amorphous or microcrystalline form of silica such as chert, flint, jasper or an iron oxide or hydroxide such as goethite and hematite. Implementation of such kind of study is valuable for the future comparison of similar finds from the nearby prehistoric archaeological contexts, where inhabitants exploited red ochre as a pig.

Keywords: Mineral paints; Red ochre; Areni-1 cave; Vayots Dzor Province; Republic of Armenia

Introduction

The mountains of Armenia conceal deposits of ores. Alaverdi (Northern Armenia) and Kapan (Southern Armenia) localities are rich of copper deposits, molybdenum was found in the southeast (Dastakert deposit), in the central and southeastern areas are iron ore deposits (Hrazdan, Abovyan and Svarants deposits). Besides, there are industrial stocks of aluminium-nepheline-syenites, as well as barite with admixture of gold and silver, the deposits of lead, zinc, manganese, gold, platinum, antimony, mercury, and arsenic. There are also rare earth metals: bismuth, gallium, indium, selenium, thallium, tellurium, rhenium. Tuffs (red, orange, yellow, pink, and black), marble, travertines, limestones, are great as building and finishing materials. Semiprecious and ornamental stones are represented by agates, jaspers, amethysts, beryls, rubies, obsidians, onyxes, turquoise.

The area of the country is also rich with resources of natural mineral pigments, where 17 deposits were registered and studied. They differ by large variation of colours and are represented by painted ores, clays and earths, among which the most significant is the group of paints with yellow, red and brown shades (ochre) [1,2].

The colour shade of ochre depends on the type of the iron oxide chromophore. The red ochre contains mainly haematite (Fe2O3), while the yellowish one is rich in hydrated iron oxide goethite, FeO·OH), [3]. The presence of other minerals, such as clay minerals or some metal oxides, can also influence the colour of the ochre. The classification of ochre can be also made according to the matrix composition of kaolinite (Al2SiO5) (OH)4 and/or gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and/or sulphate, [4]). Green earth is a clay pigment consisting of hydrated iron, magnesium, and aluminium potassium silicates. Colour varies from a dark, greyish blue green to a dark, dull yellowish green. The colour of green earth is derived from the presence of the following minerals: glauconite or celadonite. As the yellow and red ochre, the green earth or “terreverte” has been used as a pigment all over the world since ancient times [4,5]. They have been found in artworks all over the world and in any historical period, probably due to their availability, high coloring capacities and stability to the light and to the different weather conditions.

Armenian mineral pigments were also used since the dawn of the human civilization and their exploitation by the local inhabitants continued until 1940, after which they were processed on industrial level [2,6].

Vayots Dzor Province in South-Eastern Armenia is among the rich areas where painted earths are widely spread and are represented by large deposits in Agarakadzor and Yeghegnadzor [6]. Meanwhile presence of red and brown ochre are very well visible in the south-western part of the province, in the gorge of the Gnishik River (Gnishikadzor, “dzor” in Armenian means gorge), which is also known as the Noravank Gorge, due to the monastic complex of Noravank (means New Monastery in Armenian) located here The samples analysed in this article was taken from the foothills of the Noravank Monastery, left from the road, where section of red coloured sediment is exposed during the construction of the road (Figure 1). Red colour rocks in the area of the Noravank Gorge (Gnishikazdor) are represented by the sedimentary strata of the Upper Devonian and are determined by the Famennian Stage (375-359 million years). In this area, they are exposed in the core of the so-called Gnishik anticline, spread in the basin of the middle reaches the Gnishik River. The entire stratum of Devonian deposits here is 385 m thick and is represented by ferruginous dark gray and fractured organogenic limestones, which then turn into sandy limestones with a phosphorite content. Ferruginous quartzites with large impregnations of iron oxides are also exposed in ferruginous sandy limestones, shales with carbonate nodules and rich brachiopod fauna: Productella capetatiformis Abrahamian, Plicatifera meisteri, Cyrtospirifer verneuili, Camarotoechia baitaversis, etc (Figure 2).

First evidence of exploitation of similar red coloured ochre from the area was recorded in Late Chalcolithic horizons of Areni-1 cave, located 7km north from the exposure, 2km northeast from the village of Areni, on the left bank of the Arpa River, near the point of its confluence with the tributary Gnishik and at an elevation of 1070m above the sea level. Areni-1 is a threechambered karstic cave. The excavations here began in 2007 and the major significance of this archaeological site was abundantly clear during the initial excavations when very well preserved Chalcolithic (4,300 – 3,400 BCE) and Medieval (4th –18th centuries CE) occupations were exposed. Areni-1 exhibits a transitional culture between Chalcolithic and EBA, which sheds light on the formation and the early stages of the Kura-Araxes culture in the region. Chalcolithic finds from the first gallery of the cave include numerous large storage vessels, some of which contained human skulls – of two adolescent males and a female. Grape remains and vessels typically used for wine storage, together with the results of chemical analyses of the contents, point to Chalcolithic wine production at the site. The cave had been used for different purposes since the end of the 5th millennium BCE: it was a shelter, a storeroom for food; it was used for wine production and for ritual purposes, including burial. All the data indicate clear social complexity and a ritual/productive area. Its strategic location, suitable climate of the Vayots Dzor Province compared to the surrounding mountainous area, and its numerous watercourses and highly fertile soils, make this area especially suitable for human settlement and agricultural development. Indeed, the oldest leather shoe in Eurasia and one of the oldest pieces of evidence for wine production was discovered in the Areni-1 Cave, dated to the Late Chalcolithic – and wine is still today one of the area’s main products [7-15].

Local red ochre was used by the Chalcolithic inhabitants of the cave in different purposes, i.e., for rock-paintings, in symbolic behavior (for coloring the inner parts of the ritual vessels and clay constructions, the compacted floors, as red ochre was the symbol of blood and revival as well as for decorating basketry and pottery [11,13] (Figure 2).

Experimental

The samples from Gnishikadzor or the Noravank were analysed by different techniques. Below are reported the techniques applied to characterize completely these fabulous stones.

Techniques

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS): SEM-EDS micro-morphological and chemical investigations were carried out by a LEO 1450 VP -INCA 300 scanning electron microscope coupled with a electronic probe for X-ray microanalysis, resolution of 3,5nm with the possibility to analyze nonconductive sample by operating in novacuum conditions. The interfacing with EDS gives the possibility to have qualitative and quantitative composition of elements into area observed. For quantitative analysis this method is not sensible under 0.1% in weight. Electron beam energy is 20keV to allow the detection most of the chemical elements starting from boron. Under these experimental conditions the ancient samples have been analysed without any treatment, by using the apparatus in low vacuum. The observations in backscattered electron allow suggest the presence of different elements trough contrast variations (atomic number contrast).

FT-IR spectroscopy: The FTIR microspectra were collected with a Bruker Optic Alpha-R portable interferometer with an external reflectance head covering a circular area of about 5mm in diameter. The samples were placed directly in front of the objective and spots were selected for analysis. The recorded spectral range was 7500-375cm-1 acquired with 200 scans or more, with a resolution of 4cm-1. Spectra reported in the text, however, show only the spectral range where absorption bands were observed (4000-375cm-1). This analysis is non-destructive and non-invasive. The spectra of powdered samples were obtained using the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) module. In addition, very small amounts of samples were dispersed in potassium bromide (KBr, FTIR grade purity, Fluka) at different concentrations (sample/ KBr 1/100 to sample/KBr 1/1000). These were studied by collecting 200 scans or more in the same spectral range and resolution. Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded using an Alpha FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker) equipped with the Diffuse Reflection Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) module in the spectral range 7500-375cm-1 at a resolution of 2cm-1 cumulating at least 200 scans. The powdered samples were dispersed in potassium bromide (KBr), FT-IR grade of purity, Fluka) in excess. Figures reported spectral ranges where absorption peaks were detected

XRD diffraction analysis: The X-ray powder diffraction analysis has been performed in the angular range 10-90° in 2θ with a Panalytical X’Pert Pro MPD diffractometer (Cu Kα radiation, λ=1.54184 Å) equipped with X’Celerator ultrafast RTMS detector. The angular resolution (in 2θ) was 0.001°. A 0.04 rad soller slit, a 1° divergence slit, and a 20mm mask have been used on the incident beam path, while a 6.6mm anti-scatter slit and a 0.04 rad collimator have been used on the diffracted beam path. Phase identification has been performed with the Panalytical High Score Plus software.

Results and Discussion

XRD spectra (Figure 3) show prevalently the presence of ochre. From phase analysis the following chemical composition was evidenced; CaCO3, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Al2S2(OH)4.

Different stones from the same locality have been cut off. The stone has been cut and analyzed in all parts by FTIR. It was very hard to cut it. Internal part was grey and white. The spectra obtained is reported and compared in figure 4. At 536cm-1 is hematite band and at 473cm-1 is iron oxide band. Quartz band is at 799cm-1. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyze the exterior red surface of the stone samples. In addition, a small stone was cut in order to examine the inner side, which appeared grey and white.

Specular reflectance produces derivative- shaped peaks in the region below 1200cm-1 because of the restrahlen effect [16]. All spectra show intense band with peaks at 1545 and 1418cm-1 assigned to the C-O stretching mode of calcite (sparitic limestone). The features at 880 and 2515cm-1 also belong to calcite and respectively assigned to O-C-O bending and combination mode. The features in the 1200-1000 cm-1 interval confidently suggest the presence of silicates, probably kaolin, characterizes by the peaks at about 3690 and 3620 cm-1 assigned to C-H stretching modes [17]. At the lower frequency range of the spectra reported in figures 5a & 5b, bands are also observed at 545 and 466cm-1, indicating the existence of iron oxides molecules in the samples [18].

The proposed assignment seems supported by the absence of mentioned features in the spectra of clear and dark points of the samples. In the last case infrared analysis shows the presence of calcium carbonate as unique component of the stone. Compares micro-FTIR (a) and DRIFT spectra (b) of a red point of the Noravank stone. Spectral differences observed can be attributed only to the different techniques employed. In fact, DRIFT spectrum confirms the components individuated in reflectance analysis suggesting only a minor content of calcium carbonate with respect to the silicates content. In addition, the DRIFT spectrum of a sample of Armenian bole is also reported (c).

SEM- EDS. The micromorphological analysis, using SEM the image detector with secondary electron resolution in non-in-air conditioning has obtained a very well-defined aspect compared to the petrographic material, with clear crystalline formations of a solid structure is observable figure 6.

Other parts of the same stone were analyzed by SEM to identify the different structures, as tested with the other techniques used figure 7 (Table 1). Various points in the area shown in figure 7 and are analyzed in EDS as reported in table 2. Several EDS analyses were carried out on several areas of the sample, the more significative are reported in table 2.

What was observed at the SEM-EDS is in line with the other types of investigations, while not providing data on the molecular formulations, but only on the composition of elements, it may be useful to consider the morphological and microstructural aspect, where, for example, it is never found its trigonal crystalline habit, but the observation of powdery material, figure 7, could be associated with its presence in conjunction with quartz and other minerals, which would explain the red color felt when handling the stone.

Hematite gave following oxide compositions; FeO 29.8%, Fe2O3 15, MgO 2,6, Al2O3 8.1, CaO 16.55, SiO2 26.7, K2O 0.55, TiO2 0.4%. The concretions with following oxide composition have been detected FeO 5.63, Fe2O3 2.8, MgO 1.55, Al2O3 11.42, CaO 33.34, SiO2 44.4.

A concretion is a hard, compact mass of matter formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. Concretions form within layers of sedimentary strata that have already been deposited. They usually form early in the burial history of the sediment before the rest of the sediment is hardened into rock. This concretionary cement often makes the concretion harder and more resistant to weathering than the host stratum. They are commonly composed of a carbonate mineral such as calcite; an amorphous or microcrystalline form of silica such as chert, flint, or jasper; or an iron oxide or hydroxide such as goethite and hematite. They can also be composed of other minerals that include dolomite, ankerite, siderite, pyrite, marcasite, barite, and gypsum. Although concretions often consist of a single dominant mineral, other minerals can be present depending on the environmental conditions, which created them. For example, carbonate concretions, which form in response to the reduction of sulfates by bacteria, often contain minor percentages of pyrite. Other concretions formed as a result of microbial sulfate reduction, consist a mixture of calcite, barite, and pyrite.

Conclusion

Implementation of different techniques applied to characterize completely the mineral pigment sample from Noravank is а valuable data, showing a need to conduct similar analyses for the other deposits in the Vayots Dzor Province and all Armenia. Such a study can help to create a reliable database of the mineral pigments of the country and to compare the results with the similar studies of the samples discovered from the archaeological contexts. The mineral pigments, especially, ochre, have been intensively used by prehistoric and historic populations for different purposes, especially in creation of rock-paintings, decorating the pottery and basketry, as well as in rituals. Exploitation of pigments by ancient societies will shed new light on the questions of utilization of mineral resources in the territory of Armenia and the raw-material circulation in the landscape, as well as aspects of symbolic behaviour during the complex ritual games, which took place inside the caves and other sacral spaces. This also can be significant example of benefit achieved by the combination of different scientific disciplines and tools regarding deeper study of the ancient past (Figure 8).

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[mapeidubai]

Water Reducing Superplasticizer for Concrete - Mapei

Mapefluid N360 is a chloride-free superplasticising admixture formulated from synthetic polymers. Conforms to ASTM C494 as Type G and F standard and EN 934-2.

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TYPICAL DOSAGE The optimum dosage of Mapefluid N360 to meet specific job site requirement should be figured out by site trials using the selected cement, mineral additions and aggregates. For standard concrete production, the dosage should be 0.5-1.5 l/100 kg of total cementitious materials. For high performance concrete, the dosage should be 0.5-2.0 l/100 kg of total cementitious materials.

Choose this water reducing superplasticizer for concrete in UAE from Mapei who are the best manufacturers for all kind of adhesives, grout, sealants, waterproofing products etc at its quality maintained.

[jagritiherbs]

The Ayurvedic Solution for Digestive Problems: How Lavan Bhaskar Churna Helps

Digestive health is all-important for our general well-being. Amidst growing confusion in modern fast life, poor diets and stressful lifestyles have resulted in a wide range of digestive disorders such as bloating, indigestion, and loss of appetite among many others. Modern medicine may provide quick relief but often involves unwanted side effects and temporary fixes. The roots of Ayurveda offer natural, holistic solutions to digestion imbalance disorders. A trusted formulation over time from Ayurveda would be Lavan Bhaskar Churna - an age-old solution for digestive issues.

In this blog post, let's see how Jagriti Herbs' Lavan Bhaskar Churna works and its benefits as a long-term Ayurvedic solution for quite common digestive issues.

What is Lavan Bhaskar Churna? Lavan Bhaskar Churna is one of the oldest herbal mixtures of Ayurveda used for such a long time to cure digestive disorders. It is an admixture of strong herbs and salts that work in harmony together to stimulate the digestive fire or Agni in the human body. According to Ayurvedic philosophy, Agni refers to the ability of the body to digest food and absorb nutrients. When a person's Agni is balanced, the digestive process works just fine, and disorders such as bloating, indigestion, and gas do not occur.

Lavan Bhaskar Churna aids the rebalancing of digestive fire, food breakdown improves, and alleviate discomfort caused by digestive disorders.

Key Ingredients of Lavan Bhaskar Churna

The ingredients of Lavan Bhaskar Churna have been chosen to improve digestion as well as overall health. Here are the main ingredients:

Samundra Salt and Black Salt: These salts are a stimulant to digestion. It improves electrolyte balance, helps break down food, and brings relief from bloating and gas. Lavang (Clove): Clove activates digestive enzymes, thus reducing bloating and gas as it facilitates the easing of digestion. Dhaniya (Coriander): Coriander seeds are said to be very useful in regulating bowel movements. The herbs can also be used for increasing appetite. It is one of the prime ingredients for better digestion. Pipal and Pipalmool: These herbs allow the breakdown of foodstuff, which also aids in nutrient absorption; thus, they prevent indigestion and discomfort. Kalajeera (Black Cumin): Black cumin soothes indigestion, reduces gas, and prevents stomach cramps. Tejpatra, Indian Bay Leaf: Tejpatra is used to prevent gas and for wholesome health concerning the digestive system. Anardana, Pomegranate Seeds: Pomegranate seeds have the efficacy of increasing appetite, improving digestion, and reducing the signs of indigestion.

How Lavan Bhaskar Churna Works

Relieves Bloating and Gas Gas formation inside the stomach and intestines causes bloating, which is also painful. This level of buildup is lowered by Lavan Bhaskar Churna because food passes down the digestive tract easily, and it does not allow any excessive buildup. This happens with the help of ingredients like black salt and cumin, which break down food items in an efficient manner, thus relieving the affected person of this problem.

Improves Appetite Loss of appetite is generally due to poor digestion and low digestive fire. The Lavan Bhaskar Churna is a stimulant for digestive fire, thus hinting the body to produce all required digestive enzymes. Hence, this gradually increases the appetite and makes even eating pleasurable.

Reduces Indigestion Indigestion occurs when food cannot be properly decomposed, along with severe pain and acid reflux. The herbs of Lavan Bhaskar Churna are quite potent, thus, they help break down more parts of food better, causing smooth digestion and the prevention of indigestion.

Enhances Nutrient Absorption A healthy digestive system will promote good nutrient uptake in the body, which includes vitamins and minerals. This way, Lavan Bhaskar Churna enhances digestion, which eventually leads to better nutrient intake, hence goes well for the overall health and energy of the body.

Supports Gut Health Gut health needs to be maintained for proper digestive function. The herbs in Lavan Bhaskar Churna allows the formation of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Meanwhile, the growth of harmful bacteria is prevented. This works towards overall gut health, and easy digestive processes are ensured.

Benefits of Lavan Bhaskar Churna

All-Natural and Safe Lavan Bhaskar Churna is 100% free from the side effect bundle pack of medicines while making medicines. It is all-natural, free from artificial additives and chemicals. It can be used safely for a longer period, and it is appropriate for all age groups.

Effective Remedy for Digestive Problems Lavan Bhaskar Churna is a medication that provides quick and prolonged relief to people who complain of bloating, indigestion, or loss of appetite. The products ensure optimum digestive health by targeting the root cause of the problems associated with digestive issues.

Convenient and Easy to Use Powdered Lavan Bhaskar Churna is easy to take as it has to be mixed with lukewarm water and ½ to 1 teaspoon may be taken twice a day before meals.

Boosts Overall Health Good digestion manifests by way of high energy, a strong immune system, and general well-being. Improved digestion and nutrient assimilation by Lavan Bhaskar Churna facilitate good health and energy.

Time-Tested Ayurvedic Remedy Lavan Bhaskar Churna has been in use since centuries for Ayurvedic medication because of its tested effectiveness. Thus, this tried formulation offers complete natural, holistic relief against digestive discomfort.

Why Choose Jagriti Herbs' Lavan Bhaskar Churna? At Jagriti Herbs, it is a matter of extreme pride for us to serve people with genuine and natural Ayurvedic products that are wholly authentic and good for health. Our Lavan Bhaskar Churna is made of 100% pure natural herbs, which will help your digestive track get back to working order as well as increase well-being if suffering from gas, bloating, or indigestion.

How to Use Lavan Bhaskar Churna

For optimal results, it's important to use Lavan Bhaskar Churna correctly:

Dosage: Take ½ to 1 teaspoon of Lavan Bhaskar Churna twice a day, preferably before meals. How to Take: Mix the powder with lukewarm water and consume. It will facilitate better absorption and strengthen the digestive effect of the churna. When to Take: Take it before meals to stimulate the digestive fire and cause effective food breakdown for best results.

The Ayurvedic Perspective: Digestive Fire (Agni) and Its Importance

In Ayurveda, Agni (digestive fire) is considered one of the most important aspects of maintaining health. When Agni is balanced, digestion is smooth, and the body absorbs nutrients efficiently. However, imbalanced Agni can lead to the accumulation of toxins (ama) in the body, causing digestive issues such as bloating, indigestion, and constipation.

Lavan Bhaskar Churna works by restoring balance to the digestive fire, promoting better digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health. It is particularly effective for Vata and Kapha doshas, helping to pacify these doshas and restore harmony to the body.

Conclusion Digestive health is central to overall well-being, and ignoring common digestive problems can lead to chronic discomfort and health issues. Fortunately, Ayurveda provides a natural and effective remedy in the form of Lavan Bhaskar Churna. Whether you're dealing with bloating, gas, indigestion, or loss of appetite, Jagriti Herbs' Lavan Bhaskar Churna offers a safe and long-lasting solution.

Embrace the power of Ayurvedic healing and experience the benefits of Lavan Bhaskar Churna for digestive health. With its all-natural ingredients and time-tested formula, it is the perfect remedy for achieving digestive balance and promoting overall well-being.

FAQs

Q1: What is Lavan Bhaskar Churna used for? Ans- Lavan Bhaskar Churna is primarily used to treat digestive issues such as bloating, indigestion, loss of appetite, and gas. It enhances the digestive fire, promoting efficient digestion and reducing discomfort.

Q2: How should I take Lavan Bhaskar Churna? Ans- For best results, take ½ to 1 teaspoon of Lavan Bhaskar Churna twice a day with lukewarm water before meals. Consult an Ayurvedic physician for personalized dosage recommendations.

Q3: Is Lavan Bhaskar Churna safe for daily use? Ans- Yes, Lavan Bhaskar Churna is made from natural ingredients and is safe for daily use without any side effects. It does not contain artificial additives, making it a reliable solution for long-term digestive health.

Q4: Can Lavan Bhaskar Churna help with chronic indigestion? Ans- Absolutely! Lavan Bhaskar Churna is highly effective in treating chronic indigestion by stimulating digestive enzymes and aiding the breakdown of food.

Q5: Can children use Lavan Bhaskar Churna? Ans- Yes, Lavan Bhaskar Churna can be used by individuals of all ages, including children. However, it's best to consult a physician for appropriate dosage, especially for younger children.

[creativeera]

Green Cement: The Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Cement Production

Green cement refers to cement produced through sustainable and environmentally friendly means. Traditional cement production involves quarrying, mining, and manufacturing processes that release harmful carbon emissions and pollute the air and water. In contrast, sustainable cement seeks to minimize these environmental impacts through the use of alternative raw materials and production technologies. Alternative Raw Materials One of the primary ways sustainable cement is produced is by substituting traditional raw materials like limestone with more sustainable alternatives. Industrial waste products like fly ash from coal power plants and slag from steel manufacturing are often used to partially replace limestone in sustainable cement. These industrial by-products would otherwise end up in landfills as waste. Using them in cement production diverts them from the waste stream while making better use of resources. Supplementary cementitious materials like rice husk ash and silica fume from silicon manufacturing are other common sustainable raw material substitutes. Low-Carbon Production Processes In addition to raw material substitutions, sustainable Green Cement production focuses on employing manufacturing methods that reduce carbon emissions. Traditional cement kilns rely on fossil fuels to heat ingredients to over 2500 degrees Fahrenheit, releasing large amounts of CO2. Sustainable cement production may utilize alternative fuels like waste wood or tires to reduce fossil fuel usage. Advanced kiln technologies like the suspension preheater can significantly lower energy demands and emissions during the calcining process compared to older dry-process kilns. Carbon capture and storage technology can also help trap and sequester emissions. Some innovative producers are developing carbon-neutral cement through the use of renewable energy or direct carbon mineralization during curing. Additives for Performance Enhancement Certain admixtures and mineral compounds are sometimes added to sustainable cement mixtures to enhance technical performance properties without compromising sustainability goals. Lignosulfonates from paper processing and hydroxycarboxylic acids are examples of commonly used organic additives that can improve workability, strength, and durability at low dosages. Metakaolin, a pozzolan derived from calcined clay, serves as a supplementary cementitious material and microsilica additive in some sustainable cement s, where its fine particles act as nucleation sites facilitating more complete hydration reactions. These types of additives allow producers to engineer sustainable cement blends with properties on par with or exceeding traditional varieties. Get more insights on Green Cement

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Alice Mutum is a seasoned senior content editor at Coherent Market Insights, leveraging extensive expertise gained from her previous role as a content writer. With seven years in content development, Alice masterfully employs SEO best practices and cutting-edge digital marketing strategies to craft high-ranking, impactful content. As an editor, she meticulously ensures flawless grammar and punctuation, precise data accuracy, and perfect alignment with audience needs in every research report. Alice's dedication to excellence and her strategic approach to content make her an invaluable asset in the world of market insights.

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[tmr-blogs2]

Exploring Growth Trends in the Waterproofing Admixture Market: 2024-2034 Forecast

The global waterproofing admixture market has been experiencing substantial growth and transformation from 2021 to 2031. Waterproofing admixtures are crucial components used in construction to enhance the water resistance of concrete and other building materials. They are integral to improving the durability and longevity of structures exposed to harsh weather conditions, moisture, and water ingress.

The global waterproofing admixture market was projected to attain US$ 3.7 billion in 2020. It is anticipated to garner a 7.9% CAGR from 2021 to 2031 and by 2031, the market is likely to attain US$ 8.5 billion by 2031.

The adoption of governmental laws governing VOC emissions and the increase in consumer knowledge of waterproofing admixtures are factors that are limiting demand. Nonetheless, the increasing possibility of high-performance concrete buildings in the regional housing market has greatly increased demand in Europe.

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Market Segmentation

The waterproofing admixture market can be segmented based on several criteria:

By Service Type:

Integral Admixtures: These are mixed directly with concrete to provide waterproofing properties.

Surface Applied Admixtures: These are applied to the surface of concrete structures to provide a waterproof layer.

Grouts and Sealants: Used for filling joints and cracks to prevent water ingress.

By Sourcing Type:

Chemical Admixtures: Includes admixtures like polymer-based, crystalline-based, and others.

Natural Admixtures: Derived from natural sources, such as certain types of clay and minerals.

By Application:

Residential Construction: Used in homes and apartments to prevent water damage.

Commercial Construction: Applied in offices, shopping malls, and other commercial buildings.

Industrial Construction: Used in warehouses, factories, and industrial plants.

Infrastructure Projects: Includes bridges, tunnels, and dams.

By Industry Vertical:

Construction & Real Estate

Transportation

Energy & Utilities

Others (e.g., marine, agriculture)

By Region:

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

Regional Analysis

North America: Dominated by the U.S. and Canada, this region is characterized by significant investments in infrastructure and residential projects. The market is driven by stringent building codes and regulations.

Europe: The European market benefits from advanced construction technologies and a focus on sustainable building practices. Countries like Germany, France, and the UK are key contributors.

Asia-Pacific: This region is expected to witness the highest growth rate due to rapid urbanization, increasing infrastructure projects, and a booming real estate sector. China and India are prominent markets.

Latin America: Growth in this region is fueled by increasing construction activities and investments in infrastructure development.

Middle East & Africa: The market is growing due to infrastructural developments and the need for durable construction solutions in extreme weather conditions.

Market Drivers and Challenges

Drivers:

Growing Urbanization: The rapid growth of urban areas increases the demand for new construction and infrastructure, boosting the need for waterproofing solutions.

Infrastructure Development: Investments in infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, and tunnels, drive the demand for waterproofing admixtures.

Regulatory Standards: Stringent building codes and standards for water resistance contribute to market growth.

Challenges:

High Costs: The high cost of advanced waterproofing technologies can be a barrier for some segments of the market.

Environmental Concerns: The environmental impact of chemical admixtures poses challenges, leading to a growing preference for eco-friendly solutions.

Market Trends

Sustainable Solutions: There is an increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable waterproofing admixtures, driven by environmental regulations and consumer preferences.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in admixture formulations and application technologies are enhancing performance and ease of use.

Increased Awareness: Growing awareness about the benefits of waterproofing in enhancing the durability of structures is driving market growth.

Future Outlook

The future of the waterproofing admixture market looks promising, with continued growth driven by ongoing construction activities, infrastructural developments, and advancements in technology. The focus will likely shift towards more sustainable and cost-effective solutions, with increased emphasis on reducing environmental impact.

Key Market Study Points

The market is expected to reach USD 8.5 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.9%.

Asia-Pacific will lead in growth due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure development.

Sustainable and eco-friendly solutions are becoming increasingly important in the market.

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Competitive Landscape

The competitive landscape of the waterproofing admixture market includes major players such as BASF SE, Sika AG, CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V., and Mapei S.p.A. These companies are focusing on innovation, strategic partnerships, and expanding their product portfolios to maintain a competitive edge.

Recent Developments

Recent developments in the market include the introduction of advanced admixture technologies, collaborations for research and development, and the launch of eco-friendly products. Companies are also investing in expanding their production capacities to meet the growing demand.

About Transparency Market Research

Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information.

Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports.

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Website: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com 

[fitness2024-blog]

TESTOSIL Supplements - Health

The Extraordinary Coordinate to TESTOSIL Opening the Control of Ordinary Testosterone Boosters

 In moment's quick-paced world, keeping up with perfect great, and generous circumstances is more tiring than ever. For men, one of the most basic shoes of for the most part well- well-being is keeping up sound testosterone circumstances. This initial hormone plays a basic portion in muscle improvement, essentialness circumstances, and in fact inside great. That is where TESTOSIL, a dynamic common testosterone supplement, comes into play. However, advance your penetrate indictment, or boost your in common great, If you require to recapture your essentialness.

 What's TESTOSIL?

  TESTOSIL is a cut-edge common supplement arranged to overhaul your body's capacity to create testosterone. Not at each like finagled testosterone boosters, TESTOSIL handles the control of common flavoring to reinforce your body's endocrine outline, ensuring you can arrange perfect testosterone circumstances safely and suitably. Whether you are overseeing age-related testosterone rot or require to maximize your picks up at the workout center, TESTOSIL offers a compelling course of action.

  The Noteworthiness of Strong Testosterone circumstances

  Some time recently hopping into the benefits of TESTOSIL, it's abecedarian to get it why testosterone is so basic. Testosterone is the basic masculine coitus hormone, mindful for the headway of masculine characteristics like muscle mass, facial hair, and a significant voice. But its affect goes far off past reasonable physical characteristics.

 Solid testosterone circumstances are associated to

  Expanded Muscle Mass and Quality Testosterone invigorates protein admixture, which is basic for muscle improvement and recovery after works out.

  Upgraded Charisma Testosterone is critical for a strong coitus drive in men.

  Moved forward Mien and Mental Prosperity Moo testosterone circumstances have been associated to sadness, shortcoming, and fractiousness.

 Vitality circumstances and Stamina Testosterone plays a essential portion in keeping up imperativeness circumstances and in common imperativeness.

 As men age, their characteristic testosterone circumstances begin to rot. This drop can lead to a have of great issues, checking dropped muscle mass, extended body fat, moo imperativeness circumstances, and without a doubt hopelessness. TESTOSIL focuses to check these impacts by really boosting testosterone era.

 significant Flavoring in TESTOSIL

  What sets TESTOSIL isolated from other testosterone boosters on the appear is its mix of consistently bolstered flavoring. Each component is absolutely chosen to work synergistically to maximize testosterone era and move forward by and huge wellbeing.

  1. Aspartic Destructive( DAA)

  Aspartic Destructive is an amino sharp that plays a imperative portion in the course of testosterone blend. Considers have showed up that DAA can multiplication testosterone circumstances by over to 42 in reasonable 12 days.

  2. Fenugreek Portion

  Fenugreek is a viable condiment generally utilized in domestic developed sedate. It has been showed up to expansion testosterone circumstances though moreover making strides moxie and imperativeness circumstances.

  3. Zinc

  Zinc is an early on mineral that reinforces safe work and testosterone era. A zinc inadequate can lead to fundamentally brought down testosterone circumstances.

  4. Vitamin D3

  Vitamin D3, routinely demonstrated to as the" sunshine vitamin," is initial for by and expansive great. It's as well particularly associated to testosterone era, with considers showing up that men with progressed circumstances of vitamin D3 have progressed circumstances of testosterone.

  5. Ashwagandha

 Ashwagandha is an apoptogenic condiment known for its push- decreasing packages. Thrust can on the other hand influence testosterone circumstances, and by reducing extend, Ashwagandha makes a distinction to keep up strong testosterone item.

  How TESTOSIL Works

  TESTOSIL workshop by aping your body's typical testosterone era. The combination of flavoring works on unmistakable pathways to ensure highest worthiness. For case, Aspartic Destructive signals the brain to create advance luteinizing hormone, which in turn invigorates the balls to convey assist testosterone. In the intervals, flavoring like fenugreek and Ashwagandha reinforce by and large hormone acclimate, ensuring that your body can convey and keep up perfect testosterone circumstances.

  Benefits of working out TESTOSIL

  Taking TESTOSIL as facilitated can lead to a run of benefits that open up once reasonable extended testosterone circumstances

  1. Overhauled Muscle Development

  With progressed testosterone circumstances, your body is prevalent set to build and keep up muscle mass. This makes TESTOSIL an incredible supplement for anyone looking to make strides their physical make- up and indictment in the spa.

  2. Extended Imperativeness circumstances

  TESTOSIL makes a distinction combat exhaustion by supporting common essentialness era, giving you the stamina required to handle your day and your works out with vigor.

  3. Made strides Mental Clarity and Temperament

  Progressed testosterone circumstances are associated to way more cognitive work and mien liableness. TESTOSIL can offer backing you feel more centered, moved, and in control.

  4. Boosted Moxie

  One of the most incite benefits of extended testosterone is an advanced coitus drive. TESTOSIL can offer backing reignite your excitement and move forward your sexual wellbeing.

  5. Speedier Recuperation

  Improved testosterone circumstances brutal speedier restoration times after works out, reducing muscle soreness and allowing you to plan harder and more always.

  How to utilize TESTOSIL for In vogue Comes about

  To arrange the in vogue comes approximately with TESTOSIL, it's basic to utilize the supplement dependably and as facilitated. The proposed remedy is normally 2 capsules per day, taken with a devour. For perfect maintenance, combine TESTOSIL with a acclimated thin down fat in strong fats, proteins, and abecedarian supplements. too, standard work out, particularly resistance planning, can offer assistance improve the benefits of TESTOSIL.

 Is TESTOSIL safe-deposit box?

  TESTOSIL is characterized with typical flavoring, making it a more secure discretionary to fabricated testosterone boosters and hormone transaction medications. In any case, as with any supplement, it's basic to take after the endorsed measurement and advise with a healthcare provider if you have any basic great conditions or are taking other specifics.

  Where to Purchase TESTOSIL

  TESTOSIL is available for take online through the functionary point and choose retailers. When carrying, be past any mistrustfulness to purchase from a licit source to ensure you get a veritable point. The endorsed point routinely offers discounts and unprecedented progressions, so it's worth checking out if you are considering counting TESTOSIL to your specialist.

  Conclusion Open Your Full Certain with TESTOSIL

  still, TESTOSIL is an incredible choice, If you are looking to boost your testosterone circumstances really and safely. Its mix of ordinary flavoring can offer backing you recapture your essentialness, move forward your physical make-up, and update your common substance. Don't let moo testosterone circumstances hold you back — take control of your great and essentialness with TESTOSIL.

[cera-chem]

📦 Tired of Concrete Sticking to Your Molds? 😩

Are you fed up with the frustrating task of prying hardened concrete off your molds and shutters? Introducing Cera Mould Release Agent – the high-performance solution for effortless mold release!

This mineral oil-based agent delivers:

✅ Easy concrete removal from molds

✅ Rust protection for steel molds

✅ Reduced blow holes for smoother surfaces

✅ Economical coverage with a light film

✅ Waterproofing for wooden molds

Say goodbye to stuck concrete and embrace the power of Cera Mould Release Agent for hassle-free mold release. 🙌

Call us at: 98404 80307

Email: businessenquiry@cerachemindia.com

Website: www.cerachemindia.com

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[adityacmi]

Sustainable Packaging Solutions in the Polyacrylamide Market

Polyacrylamide: A Versatile Synthetic Polymer Used in Various Industries and Applications What is PAMs?

PAMs is a water-soluble non-ionic polymer made from acrylamide subunits through free-radical polymerization. It comes as a white water-soluble powder and has a chemical formula of (C3H5NO)n. Simply put, PAMs is a long-chain synthetic molecule made up by the polymerization of acrylamide monomers. PAMs is a highly water-absorbent substance and can retain up to 200-600 times its mass in water. Uses of Polyacrylamide in Flocculation

One of the main uses of PAMs is in waste water treatment and mining via a process called flocculation. In flocculation, PAMs polymers are added to suspensions containing small suspended particles like sediments, algae, heavy metals etc. The long molecular chains of PAMs bind to the particles and form larger, easily settleable clumps called flocs. This allows for faster and more efficient solid-liquid separation processes like sedimentation and filtration. PAMs flocculants are commonly used in water treatment plants and mining operations to purify water and recover valuable minerals. Applications in Paper Manufacturing

PAMs finds applications in paper manufacturing processes as well. It is added to pulp and paper mill wastewater streams during treatment to remove suspended fibers and fillers. This improves the drainage rate by coagulating fine particles and increasing the consolidation rate when dewatering paper sludge. PAMs is also used as a binder and strength agent in the wet end of paper making to increase physical properties like tensile strength, burst strength and fold endurance of paper products. Uses in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Due to its ability to increase viscosity, PAMs is used extensively in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. In EOR processes like polymer flooding, a dilute solution of PAMs is injected into oil reservoirs after conventional methods to increase the mobility of the displacing fluid. The high molecular weight PAMs solutions form a polymer bank that sweeps through the reservoir and tends to drive more oil toward the production well by improving microscopic displacement efficiency. This technique can extract 10-15% additional oil from mature oilfields. Applications in Agriculture

PAMs also has beneficial uses in agriculture. It is used as a soil conditioner to help retain moisture and nutrients in soil. When applied to soil, PAMs absorbs water and prevents runoff, thereby conserving water. It also seals micro cracks in soil to reduce loss of moisture and small fertilizer particles. This leads to better water efficiency and increased crop yields. In hydroponics systems and greenhouse soils, PAMs acts as a water retaining agent that allows for controlled release of water to plant roots. Role in ConstructionDue to its moisture absorbing property, polyacrylamide plays a key role in construction. It is added to concrete mixtures as a superplasticizer or water reducing admixture to improve workability. PAMs allows concrete to be mixed at lower water-cement ratios without compromising on slump or flow properties. This leads to stronger, more durable concrete structures. It is also used to manufacture grouts and floor leveling compounds with self-leveling and self-curing properties. PAMs based compounds fill cracks, level floors and bond building surfaces. Uses as a Thickening Agent

Because of its high molecular weight and hydrophilic nature, PAMs has superb thickening properties. It is widely used as a thickening agent in various industrial and consumer products like paints, coatings, adhesives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. PAMs helps increase viscosity without significantly affecting other product properties. It provides stable viscosity even under low shear/high stress conditions. Some common applications as a thickener include its use in low-fat foods, shampoos, lotions, syrups, soups and metalworking fluids. Applications in Biotechnology

Due to biocompatibility, PAMs also finds applications in biotechnology and biochemical engineering processes. It is often used to prepare gels and beads for electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and chromatography techniques in laboratories. PAMs gels serve as excellent media for separation, isolation and purification of biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes. In medicine, hydrogels made of PAMs are being researched for use in tissue engineering, artificial skin, soft contact lenses and drug delivery. In summary, polyacrylamide is a versatile synthetic polymer with wide applications across industries owing to its water solubility and moisture absorption properties. It acts as an efficient flocculant, thickening agent, soil conditioner, plasticizer, strengthening additive and supports various biochemical separation processes. With continued innovation, new uses of PAMs will likely be discovered, cementing its important role in science, engineering and technology.

[todoinke]

Selecting the Ideal Cement: An In-Depth Manual to Premier Cement Brands and Varieties in India

JSW Cement is committed to producing innovative solutions that enhance building strength while prioritizing environmental sustainability. We strive to bridge the gap between consumer satisfaction and eco-efficiency through our range of cement products.

Cement, a finely powdered substance primarily composed of limestone, clay, and other minerals, undergoes calcination—a chemical reaction occurring at high kiln temperatures. This process yields clinker, subsequently ground into fine powder and mixed with gypsum to produce cement.

Cement serves as a versatile material in construction, finding applications in various forms:

- Concrete: Integral to constructing foundations, walls, columns, roofs, and floors, concrete is admired for its strength, durability, and adaptability across diverse projects.

- Mortar: Cement combined with sand and water forms mortar, used for binding bricks, stones, and other masonry materials.

- Stucco: Employed for exterior building surfaces, stucco—utilizing cement—creates a resilient, weather-resistant finish.

- Grout: Cement-based grout fills gaps between tiles or masonry blocks in construction.

- Roads and Bridges: Cement contributes to robust foundations and supports in infrastructure projects.

- Precast Concrete: Cement is integral to producing precast concrete items like pipes, blocks, and panels for various construction needs.

- Decorative Uses: Cement's versatility extends to decorative purposes, enabling textured surfaces, artistic sculptures, and colored concrete finishes.

At JSW, we offer a range of cement types tailored to diverse construction requirements:

1. Concrete HD Cement: Designed for concrete-based construction, JSW Concreel HD offers superior cohesiveness, improved chemical resistance, and quick setting, enhancing structural integrity.

2. Compcem (Composite Cement): Incorporating silica, highly reactive slag, and premium clinker, Compcem delivers high strength, improved workability, and durability for demanding applications.

3. Power Pro Cement: Conforming to eco-friendly standards, Power Pro Cement offers durability, high strength, and resistance to chemical attacks, ideal for heavy-duty construction needs.

4. Portland Slag Cement (PSC): Blending Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), PSC ensures enhanced durability, resistance to chemical attacks, and reduced thermal cracks.

5. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): OPC is widely used in concrete construction, providing quick setting, early strength, and compatibility with various mineral admixtures.

[safethaw]

Unveiling the Mysteries of Salt Crystals

The allure of the sparkling salt crystals, with their translucent beauty, has been a subject of intrigue for centuries. Found in nature, formed through processes of evaporation and compression, salt crystals are not just culinary essentials but also hold cultural, scientific, and industrial significance. Let's embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of these crystalline structures and their multifaceted applications. From Ocean To Table: The Formation Of Salt Crystals Salt, primarily composed of sodium chloride (NaCl), naturally exists in vast oceans. As the water evaporates, the salt concentration increases until crystals begin to form. These crystals grow as they attract more and more salt molecules. The unique cubic shape of salt crystals, with its distinctive edges and angles, is due to the specific way the sodium and chloride atoms bond together. Salt Crystals In Healing And Wellness Many ancient cultures believed in the healing powers of salt. From salt baths to salt lamps, the applications are myriad. Himalayan pink salt, a variant famed for its therapeutic properties, is rich in minerals. When used in lamps, it's believed to release negative ions, thereby purifying the surrounding air. Though scientific evidence on some of these benefits is still debated, the popularity of salt-based wellness products remains undiminished. Crystals Salt In Industrial Use Salt is not limited to our dinner tables or wellness routines. Its large-scale industrial applications range from textile dyeing to soap making. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in maintaining road safety during icy conditions. Traditional road salts, however, can be corrosive and harmful to both the environment and infrastructure. Enter Safe Thaw, a game-changer in the domain of ice melts. Crafted for industrial use, this chloride-free and toxin-free ice melt is the epitome of efficiency without the baggage of harmful effects. It's non-corrosive, which means industries can use it without worrying about any potential damage to their properties, machinery, or the risk of short circuits. Its concentrated formula ensures that it remains effective from one winter season to another. What makes Safe Thaw stand apart is its patented formula. Comprising a modified crystalline amide core, it is further infused with a special glycol admixture and traction agents. This blend ensures not just the melting of ice but also provides traction, reducing the risk of slips and falls. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2uACuEGD4k The Salt Gardens: A Spectacle Of Beauty Around the world, there are places where one can witness the sheer artistry of nature in the form of salt flats or gardens. The Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia or the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah are such mesmerizing places. These vast expanses shimmer under the sun, offering an ethereal view, with salt crystals glistening as far as the eye can see. The Culinary Delight: Crystals Salt In Cooking Salt is the cornerstone of flavor in culinary arts. But all salts are not created equal. Different types of salt, like sea salt, kosher salt, or rock salt, offer varied textures and flavors. These differences can alter a dish's taste significantly. Chefs around the world experiment with different salt types to bring out the best flavors in their dishes. Environmental Impact While salt is a natural resource, its extraction and usage have environmental implications. Excessive mining can lead to land degradation. Moreover, the runoff from road salts can infiltrate water bodies, harming aquatic life. It emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions like Safe Thaw, which meld effectiveness with environmental responsibility. In Conclusion Salt crystals, in their humble presence, encapsulate the stories of the earth, human civilization, and industrial advancement. From our kitchens to massive industries, their application is vast and varied. As we continue to harness the power of these crystals, be it in culinary wonders or ensuring safety with products like Safe Thaw, it's crucial to tread with respect and responsibility towards this natural wonder. Read the full article

[dennisross323]

Efficiency in Every Batch: The Science Behind Readymix Concrete

Introduction

In the dynamic world of construction, where time is of the essence and precision is crucial, ready-mix concrete stands out as a cornerstone material that has revolutionized the industry. This comprehensive exploration delves into the science behind ready-mix concrete, uncovering the intricate processes that contribute to its efficiency, reliability, and widespread use in construction projects. The "readymix concrete" encapsulate the essence of this deep dive into the scientific principles that govern this essential building material.

Understanding Ready-Mix Concrete

1. What is Ready-Mix Concrete?

Ready-mix concrete, often referred to as RMC, is a tailor-made concrete mixture produced in batching plants and delivered to construction sites in a freshly mixed or unhardened state. The term "ready-mix" reflects the convenience of this concrete type, as it is ready to be poured and used immediately upon arrival at the construction site. The formulation of the mix is precisely controlled, ensuring consistency and quality in every batch.

2. Components of Ready-Mix Concrete

Ready-mix concrete is a composite material composed of several key components:

Cement: The binding agent that holds the concrete together.

Aggregates: Inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, which provide volume and stability.

Water: A vital ingredient that initiates the chemical reaction with cement, leading to the hardening of concrete.

Admixtures: Supplementary materials added to enhance specific properties of the concrete, such as workability, strength, or durability.

The Science Behind Ready-Mix Concrete

1. Batching and Mixing

The science of ready-mix concrete begins with precise batching and mixing. Batching involves measuring and combining the components in predetermined proportions to create a consistent mix. Modern batching plants use computerized systems to ensure accuracy in these proportions, minimizing variations and ensuring uniformity in every batch.

The mixing process is equally critical. It involves the thorough blending of dry components with water to initiate the hydration process of cement. The goal is to achieve a homogeneous mixture with evenly distributed aggregates, cement, and water. The use of high-speed, rotating drums or paddle mixers in batching plants ensures efficient and thorough mixing, contributing to the overall quality of the ready-mix concrete.

2. Quality Control and Testing

Quality control is a fundamental aspect of the science behind ready-mix concrete. Rigorous testing protocols are in place to monitor the raw materials, intermediate mixes, and final products. These tests include assessments of the compressive strength, workability, setting time, and other properties critical to the performance of the concrete.

Adherence to stringent quality control measures ensures that each batch of ready-mix concrete meets or exceeds industry standards. This commitment to quality is pivotal in construction, where the structural integrity of buildings and infrastructure relies on the reliability of the concrete used.

3. Admixtures and Enhancements

The science of ready-mix concrete extends to the strategic use of admixtures. These are chemical or mineral additives that enhance specific properties of the concrete. Admixtures can be used to modify the workability, set time, durability, or strength of the concrete mix.

For example, plasticizers are admixtures that improve the workability and flow of concrete without sacrificing strength. Superplasticizers, on the other hand, enhance fluidity while maintaining high strength. Air-entraining agents introduce tiny air bubbles into the mix, improving freeze-thaw resistance.

4. Hydration Process

The hydration process is a key scientific aspect of ready-mix concrete. Once water is introduced to the mix, it reacts with cement particles in a process known as hydration. This chemical reaction forms a gel-like substance called cement paste, which binds the aggregates together and transforms the mix into a solid mass.

The hydration process is time-sensitive, and the rate at which it occurs affects the setting and hardening of the concrete. Careful control of water-cement ratios and the use of admixtures help manage the hydration process, ensuring the concrete achieves the desired strength and durability.

Benefits of Ready-Mix Concrete

1. Consistency and Uniformity

The science behind ready-mix concrete is designed to achieve consistency and uniformity in every batch. The controlled batching and mixing processes, coupled with quality control measures, result in a product with predictable properties. This consistency is crucial for construction projects where uniformity in strength and performance is paramount.

2. Time and Labor Efficiency

The ready-mix nature of this concrete type brings inherent time and labor efficiency to construction sites. Traditional on-site mixing involves manual labor and can be time-consuming. Ready-mix concrete eliminates the need for on-site mixing, as it arrives at the construction site ready to be poured. This not only saves time but also reduces the labor requirements, contributing to overall project efficiency.

3. Quality Assurance

Quality assurance is a significant benefit of ready-mix concrete. The stringent testing and quality control processes at the batching plant ensure that the concrete meets or exceeds industry standards. This quality assurance translates into the structural reliability and durability of buildings and infrastructure constructed with ready-mix concrete.

4. Cost-Effectiveness

While ready-mix concrete may have a slightly higher initial cost compared to on-site mixing, its overall cost-effectiveness is evident in the long run. The efficiency gains in terms of time, labor, and quality contribute to reduced project costs and faster construction timelines. Additionally, the elimination of on-site mixing equipment and storage requirements further streamlines project budgets.

5. Environmental Considerations

The science behind ready-mix concrete extends to environmental considerations. The precise control over materials and the efficient use of resources contribute to reduced waste. Furthermore, the ability to optimize mix designs for durability and longevity aligns with sustainability goals, as structures built with ready-mix concrete require fewer repairs and replacements over their lifecycle.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the science behind ready-mix concrete embodies a meticulous and systematic approach to material composition, mixing, and quality control. From batching and mixing to the careful management of the hydration process, every step is designed to ensure consistency, reliability, and efficiency in construction projects.

The benefits of ready-mix concrete, including consistency, time and labor efficiency, quality assurance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental considerations, underscore its significance in the construction industry. As the demand for efficient and reliable construction materials continues to grow, the science behind ready-mix concrete positions it as a cornerstone technology that shapes the present and future of the built environment.

[rainbowriderjt]

It is a mineral that typically occurs in the oxidized or weathered zone above zinc ore occurrences. Pure adamite is colorless, but usually it possess yellow color due to Fe compounds admixture. Tints of green also occur and are connected with copper substitutions in the mineral structure. 

[mapeidubai]

Superplasticising Admixtures Product From Mapei

DYNAMON PC1600

Special superplasicizing admixture for high quality precast concrete & hollow core slabs

Dynamon PC1600 is a chloride-free superplasticizing admixture formulated from polycarboxylate polymers. It complies with ASTM C494 Type F and EN 934-2.

ADVANTAGES Dynamon PC1600 reduces the water/cement ratio with excellent improvements in the fresh and hardened concrete properties.

USES ▪ Precast concrete elements where increased early and ultimate strengths are required. ▪ Precast concrete requiring an exceptionally high level of finishing. ▪ HCS elements where an improved finishing and the increased performance of bonding between the strands and concrete is essential. ▪ Concretes requiring reduced carbon footprint either through lower cement & water contents, and ultimately lower energy input during mixing, pumping and placing. ▪ Fly ash, Silica Fume, GGBS and tri-blend concrete mixes. ▪ Pouring in hot climates. ▪ Suitable for all ranges of thickness of HCS 150, 265, 300, 400 and 500 mm

TYPICAL DOSAGES The optimum dosage of Dynamon PC1600 to meet specific job site requirement should be determined by site trials using the selected cement, mineral additions and aggregates. For standard precast concrete production, the starting dosage is 0.5-2.0 L/100 kg of total cementitious materials. For Hollow Core Slabs production, the starting dosage is 0.5-1.5 L/100 kg of total cementitious materials.

[contentcreator11]

What is a Dry Mix Mortar Plant and How It Simplifies Construction

Introduction

In the world of construction, efficiency and precision are key. If you've ever wondered how builders manage to create strong, reliable structures so quickly, the answer may lie in a little-known but essential component: dry mix mortar. In this article, we'll explore what a dry mix mortar plant is, its significance in the construction industry, and how it simplifies the building process.

What is Dry Mix Mortar?

Dry mix mortar is a specialized material made by blending precise proportions of various ingredients, including cement, sand, additives, and more. The mixture is precisely manufactured to meet the specific requirements of a construction project, ensuring consistent quality and performance.

The Components of Dry Mix Mortar

Cement: This serves as the primary binding agent in dry mix mortar.

Sand: It provides the necessary bulk and workability to the mixture.

Additives: These are used to enhance certain properties like setting time, water resistance, and durability.

Mineral admixtures: Materials like fly ash can be added to improve the mortar's performance.

Aggregates: Depending on the project, small aggregate materials may be incorporated.

The Role of a Dry Mix Mortar Plant

A dry mix mortar plant is the heart of the operation, where these components come together to form the final product. These plants are equipped with advanced machinery and technology to ensure the precise mixing of dry mortar.

The Production Process

Material Preparation: Raw materials such as cement and sand are collected and stored.

Mixing: The ingredients are accurately measured and mixed to create a consistent blend.

Packaging: The final dry mix mortar is packaged in bags or silos for easy transport to the construction site.

The Advantages of Dry Mix Mortar

Dry mix mortar offers numerous benefits that have made it an essential part of modern construction.

1. Time Efficiency

Using dry mix mortar significantly reduces construction time. Builders can simply mix the mortar with water on-site, eliminating the need for on-the-spot mixing, which can be time-consuming and inconsistent.

2. Quality Control

The controlled manufacturing process ensures that every batch of dry mix mortar meets precise quality standards. This consistency results in reliable construction with minimal risk of defects.

3. Cost-Effective

Dry mix mortar reduces material waste and labor costs. Builders only mix the amount of mortar needed for the task at hand, preventing excess mortar from going to waste.

4. Reduced Environmental Impact

With less waste and resource-efficient production, dry mix mortar is an environmentally friendly choice, reducing the carbon footprint of construction projects.

5. Versatility

Dry mix mortar can be customized to suit various applications, such as masonry, plastering, and tile fixing. It's a versatile solution for different construction needs.

How Dry Mix Mortar Simplifies Construction

1. Consistency

Builders can count on consistent quality with dry mix mortar, leading to more predictable construction outcomes.

2. Convenience

Using pre-mixed mortar simplifies on-site operations. Builders only need to add water, saving time and effort.

3. Precision

Dry mix mortar can be customized to meet the specific needs of a project, ensuring that it performs as required.

4. Enhanced Productivity

The use of dry mix mortar streamlines construction processes, enabling builders to complete projects more quickly.

5. Less Waste

With no need for on-site mixing, the likelihood of material wastage is reduced, resulting in cost savings and a reduced environmental impact.

Conclusion

Dry mix mortar plants play a pivotal role in modern construction, offering a versatile, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for builders. With their ability to simplify the construction process and ensure high-quality outcomes, dry mix mortar has become a must-have in the construction industry.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is dry mix mortar suitable for all types of construction projects?

Yes, dry mix mortar can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of various construction projects, making it a versatile choice for different applications.

2. How do dry mix mortar plants contribute to sustainability?

By reducing material waste and promoting resource-efficient production, dry mix mortar plants help reduce the environmental impact of construction.

3. Can I use dry mix mortar for DIY home improvement projects?

Certainly! Dry mix mortar is not limited to large-scale construction. It can be used for a wide range of DIY home improvement tasks.

4. What is the shelf life of dry mix mortar?

The shelf life can vary depending on the specific formulation, but most dry mix mortars have a reasonable shelf life, allowing for storage until needed.

5. How do I know which type of dry mix mortar is best for my project?

Consult with a construction expert or supplier to determine the most suitable type of dry mix mortar for your project's specific requirements.

When it comes to dry mix mortar and all things related to construction, there's one name that stands out as a beacon of trust and innovation: Buildmate. With a commitment to quality, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, Buildmate has become the go-to choice for builders and contractors around the world.