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aion-rsa · 4 years ago

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Once Upon a Time in America Is Every Bit as Great a Gangster Movie as The Godfather

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This article contains Once Upon a Time in America spoilers.

The Godfather is a great movie, possibly the best ever made. Its sequel, The Godfather, Part II, often follows it in the pantheon of classic cinema, some critics even believe it is the better film. Robert Evans, head of production at Paramount in the early 1970s, wanted The Godfather to be directed by an Italian American. Francis Ford Coppola was very much a last resort. The studio’s first choice was Sergio Leone, but he was getting ready to make his own gangster epic, Once Upon a Time in America. Though less known, it is equally magnificent.

Robert De Niro, as David “Noodles” Aaronson, and James Woods, as Maximillian “Max” Bercovicz, make up a dream gangster film pairing in Once Upon a Time in America, on par with late 1930s audiences seeing Humphrey Bogart and James Cagney team for The Roaring Twenties or Angels with Dirty Faces. Noodles and Max are partners and competitors, one is ambitious, the other gets a yen for the beach. One went to jail, the other wants to rob the Federal Reserve Bank.

Throw Joe Pesci into the mix, in a small part as crime boss Frankie Monaldi, and Burt Young as his brother Joe Monaldi, and life gets “funnier than shit,” and funnier than their more famous crime films, Goodfellas and Chinatown, respectively. Future mob entertainment mainstays are all over Once Upon a Time in America too, and they are in distinguished company. This is future Oscar winner Jennifer Connelly’s first movie. She plays young Deborah, the young girl who becomes the woman between Noodles and Max, and she even has something of a catch-phrase, “Go on Noodles your mother is calling.” Elizabeth McGovern delivers the line as adult Deborah.

When Once Upon a Time in America first ran in theaters, there were reports that people in the audience laughed when Deborah is reintroduced after a 35-year gap in the action. She hadn’t aged at all. But Deborah is representational to Leone, beyond the character.

“Age can wither me, Noodles,” she says. But neither the character nor the director will allow the audience to see it beyond the cold cream. Deborah is the character Leone is answering to. She also embodies the fluid chronology of the storytelling. She is its only constant.

The rest of the film can feel like a free fall though. Whereas The Godfather moved in a linear fashion, Once Upon a Time in America has time for flashbacks, and flashbacks within flashbacks, and detours that careen between the violent and the quiet. It’s a visceral experience about landing where we, and this genre, began.

Growing up Gangster

Both The Godfather and Once Upon a Time in America span decades; it’s the history of immigrant crime in 20th century America. But they differ on chronological placement. Once Upon a Time is set in three time-frames. The earliest is 1918 in the Jewish ghettos of New York City’s Lower East Side.

Young Noodles (Scott Tiler), Patrick “Patsy” Goldberg (Brian Bloom), Philip “Cockeye” Stein (Adrian Curran) and Dominic (Noah Moazezi), are a bush league street gang doing petty crimes for a minor neighborhood mug, Bugsy (James Russo). New on the block, Max (Rusty Jacobs) interrupts the gang as they’re about to roll a drunk, and Max makes off with the guy’s watch for himself. He soon joins the gang, and they progress to bigger crimes.

The bulk of the film takes place, however, from when De Niro’s Noodles gets out of prison in 1930, following Bugsy’s murder, and lasts until the end of Prohibition in 1933. Max, now played by Woods, has become a successful bootlegger with a mortuary business on the side. With William Forsythe playing the grown-up Cockeye and James Hayden as Patsy, the mobsters go from bootlegging through contract killing, and ultimately to backing the biggest trucking union in the country as enforcers. They enjoy most of their downtime in their childhood friend Fat Moe’s (Larry Rapp) speakeasy. Noodles is in love with Fat Moe’s sister, Deborah, who is on her way to becoming a Hollywood star. The gang’s rise ends with the liquor delivery massacre.

The final part of the film comes in 1968. After 35 years in hiding, Noodles is uncovered and paid to do a private contract for the U.S. Secretary of Commerce Christopher Bailey… Max by a different name who 35 years on has been able to feign respectability and make Deborah his mistress. An entire life has become a façade.

Recreating a Seedier Side of New York’s Immigrant Past

While The Godfather is an adaptation of Mario Puzo’s fictional bestseller, Once Upon a Time in America is based on the autobiographical crime novel, The Hoods. It was written by Herschel “Noodles” Goldberg, under the pen name of Harry Grey while he was serving time in Sing-Sing Prison.

Coppola’s vision in The Godfather is aesthetically comparable to Leone’s projection. From the opium pipes at the Chinese puppet theater to the take-out Lo Mein during execution planning, the multicultural world of old New York crowds the frames and the players in both films. Most of Once Upon a Time in America was shot at Rome’s Cinecittà Studios. The 1918 Jewish neighborhood in Manhattan was a street in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, which was made to look exactly as it had 60 years earlier.

Leone skillfully, yet playfully, captures the poverty of immigrant life in New York. The first crime we see the four-member gang commit could have been done by the Dead End kids. They torch a newspaper stand because the owner doesn’t kick up protection money to the local mug. And like the Dead End kids, they needle their mark, and joke with each other. At the end of the crime, Cockey is playing the pan pipe, and the very young Dominic is dancing. They are proud of their work and enjoy it. It’s fun to break things for money. And even better when they get a choice between taking payment in cash or rolling it over into the sure bet of rolling a drunk.

Violence without the Cannoli

Gangster films, like Howard Hawks’ Scarface and William A. Wellman’s The Public Enemy, were always at the forefront of the backlash to the Motion Picture Production Code. Which might be why gangster pictures were one of the first genres to benefit from the censors’ fall. A direct line can be drawn from the machine gun death which ends Bonnie and Clyde (1967) to the toll-booth execution of Sonny Corleone (James Caan) in The Godfather. Another from when Moe Greene (Alex Rocco) gets one through the glasses and Joe Monaldi gets it in the eye in Once Upon a Time in America.

The Godfather has some brutal scenes. We get a litany of dead Barzinis and Tattaglias, horse heads and spilled oranges. Once Upon a Time in America ups the ante though. The shootings and stabbings are neat jobs compared with the beatings, which allow far more artistic renderings of gore, and pass extreme scrutiny. The one time the effects team balks at a payoff is when it’s not as gruesome as the setup.

“Inflammatory words from a union boss,” corporate thug Chicken Joe asks as he is about to light Jimmy “Clean Hands” Conway O’Donnell on fire. The mobster has such a nice smile, and the union delegate, played by Treat Williams, looks so pathetic while dripping gasoline that it feels like it might even be a mercy killing. It is a wonderful set piece, perfectly executed and timed. When Max and Noodles, and the gang defuse the situation, rather than ignite it, it is a lesson in the dangerous balance of suspense.

Like many specific scenes in Once Upon a Time in America, Conway’s incendiary introduction would’ve worked in any era. This is the turning point for the gang. The end of Prohibition is coming and all those trucks they’re using to haul liquor can be repurposed for a more lucrative future.

“You Dancing?”

Music is paramount in both Leone’s and Coppola’s films. The Godfather is much like an opera, the third installment even closes the curtain at one. Once Upon a Time in America is a frontier film. The score was composed by Ennio Morricone, who wrote the music behind Leone’s A Fistful of Dollars, For A Few Dollars More, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.

The film opens and closes with Kate Smith’s version of “God Bless America.” Though the scene occurs during the 1968 timeframe, the song comes out of the radio of a car seemingly from another point in time.

Morricone’s accompaniment to Once Upon a Time in America is as representational as Nino Rota’s soundtrack in The Godfather. Characters, settings, situations, and relationships all have themes, which become as recognizable as the Prohibition-era songs which flavor the period piece’s ambience. Fat Moe conducts the speakeasy orchestra through José María Lacalle García’s “Amapola” while grinning dreamily to Deborah who is chatting with Noodles. He’s a romantic.

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The music becomes part of the action in Once Upon a Time in America. Individual couples cut their own rugs, doing the Charleston between tables as waiters and cigarette girls glide by. Cockeye, who has been playing the pan pipe since the beginning of the film, wants to sit in with the band.

Forsythe almost steals Once Upon a Time in America. He cries what look like real tears at the mock funeral for Prohibition and drinks formula from a baby bottle during the maternity ward scene. The blackmail scheme, which involves swapping infants, plays like an outtake from a Three Stooges movie, something Coppola would never dare for The Godfather. The ruse is choreographed to the tune of Gioachino Rossini’s “The Thieving Magpie,” which elicits the youthful thuggery celebrated in Stanley Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange.

Devils with Clean Faces

One ironic difference between the two films is whimsy. The Godfather, which glorifies crime as corporate misadventure, is a serious movie with no time for funny business. Once Upon a Time in America, which is an indictment of criminal life, has moments of innocence as syrupy as in any family film (of the non-crime variety) and can be completely kosher. It’s sweeter than the cannoli Clemenza (Richard Castellano) took from the car, or the cake Nazorine (Vito Scotti) made for the wedding of Don Vito’s daughter.

The scene where young Patsy brings a Charlotte Russe to Peggy in exchange for sex is a masterwork of emotive storytelling. He chooses a treat over sex. On one level, yes, this is a socioeconomic reality. That pastry was expensive and something he could never afford to get for himself. But as Patsy sneaks each tiny bit of the cream from the packaging, he is also just a child, a kid who wants some cake. He learns he can’t have it and eat it. It is so plainly laid out, and so beautifully rendered.

The Corleone family never gets those moments, not even in the flashbacks to Sicily or as children on the stoop listening to street singers play guitars. We know little of Michael Corleone (Al Pacino) or Sonny as youngsters, much less teenagers, and are robbed of their happier moments of bonding. We know they are close, they are family. But Michael has his own brother killed while Noodles balks at the very idea. Twice, as it turns out.

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“Today they ask us to get rid of Joe. Tomorrow they ask me to get rid of you. Is that okay with you? Cos it’s not okay with me,” Noodles tells Max after the gang delivers on a particularly costly contract, double-crossing their partners in a major diamond heist. They are not blood family, but from the moment Max calls Noodles his “uncle” to fool a beat cop, they are all related.

Noodles then does what young men in coming-of-age movies have done since Cooley High: Something really stupid. An indulgence the Corleones could never enjoy. He speeds the car into the bay. The guys can’t believe it. It adds to his legend. The scene could have been in Diner, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, or even Thelma & Louise. It is hard to dislike the gangsters in these moments. We know them too well, even as they do such horrible things.

How Women are Really Treated by an Underworld

The Godfather is told from the vantage point of one of the heads of the five established crime families; organized crime is as insular as the Corleone mall on Long Beach. That motion picture reinvigorated the “gangster film,” long considered a ghetto genre, but its perspective is insulated. By contrast, no matter how far they climb, Leone’s characters never really get off the block. They are street savages, even in tuxedos. Once Upon a Time in America whacked the gangster film, and tossed its living corpse into the compactor of a passing garbage truck.

The Godfather doesn’t judge its gangsters. The Corleones are family men who keep to a code of ethics and omerta. They dip their beaks in “harmless” vices like gambling, liquor, and prostitution. While there are scenes of extreme domestic violence, and a general dismissal of women, the film stops short of challenging the image of honorable men who do dishonorable things. Leone offers no such restraint. His history lesson is unabridged.

Long before Martin Scorsese’s The Irishman stripped gangster lore to a tale of toxic masculinity, Once Upon a Time in America robbed it of all glamor. There is a very nonchalant attitude toward violence and other demeaning acts against women in Leone’s film, from the very opening scene where a thug fondles a woman’s breast with his gun in order to humiliate her civilian date.

This is deliberate. The director, best known for Spaghetti Westerns, wants to obliterate any goodwill the gangsters have accumulated through their magnetic antiheroism. One scene between Max and his girlfriend Carol (Tuesday Weld) is so hard to sit through, even the other members of the gang squirm in their chairs.

Noodles sexually assaults two women over the course of the film. While there is some motivational ambiguity in the scene during the jewel heist attack, the rape of Deborah is devastatingly direct. It kills any vestige of romance the gangster archetype has in film. The camera does not look away, and the scene lingers with terrifying ferocity and traumatic intimacy. There is a visible victim, and Noodles’ wealth and pretensions of honor are worthless.

The Ultimate Gangster Epic

Once Upon a Time in America brings one other element to the genre which The Godfather avoids, a lingering mystery. Coppola delivers short riddles, like the fate of Luca Brasi, which are revealed as the story warrants. But the 35-year gap between the slaughter of Noodles’ crew and the introduction of Secretary Bailey is almost unfathomable. How did Max go from long-dead to a man with legitimate power?

What happens to Noodles in those years is fairly easy to guess, without any specifics. He got by. The gang’s shared secret bankroll was empty when he tried to retrieve it as the last surviving member. He put his gun away and eked out a quiet life. But even as the details spill out on the true fate of Max, it is unexpectedly surprising, as much for the audience as Noodles.

“I took away your whole life from you,” Max/Bailey says. “I’ve been living in your place. I took everything. I took your money. I took your girl. All I left for you was 35 years of grief over having killed me. Now why don’t you shoot?” This final betrayal, and Noodles’ inert revenge, take Once Upon a Time In America into almost unexplored cinematic depths.

Max has gone as low as he could go. The joke is on Noodles, everyone’s in on it, including “Clean Hands,” who is tied in to “the Bailey scandal.” The cops are in on it, and so is the mob. Max admits even the liquor dropoff was a syndicate set-up. He’d planned this all along. Just like Michael Corleone had a long term strategy to make his family legitimate.

This is an ambitious story. Beyond genre, this bends American celluloid into European cinema. By sheer virtue of being outside of Hollywood, Leone transcends traditional boundaries. He has a far more limitless pallet to draw from. He can aim a camera at De Niro’s spoon in a coffee cup for three minutes and never lose the audience’s rapt attention. Leone can pull the rug out from everything with a last minute reveal. Coppola bent American filmmaking for The Godfather, but stayed within proscribed parameters. He never gets as sweet as a Charlotte Russe nor as repulsive as the back seat of a limo.

Once Upon a Time in America ripped the genre’s insides out and displayed them with unflinching veracity and theatrical beauty. It is a perfect film, gorgeously shot, masterfully timed, and slightly ajar.

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soulbounce · 6 years ago

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eeraygun · 6 years ago

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000. Rosalia - El Mal Querer 001. Various Artists - 'I Could Go Anywhere But Again I Go With You' 002. Autechre - NTS Sessions 003. Various Artists - Kulør 001 004. Oneohtrix Point Never - Age Of (Japanese Edition) 005. Sophie - Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides 006. Tirzah - Devotion 007. Blawan - Wet Will Always Dry 008. Cam Deas - Time Exercises 009. Leon Vynehall - Nothing Is Still 010. Ingus Baušķenieks ‎ - Spoki 011. Clouds - Heavy The Eclipse 012. Kyo & Jeuru - All The Same Dream 013. Topdown Dialectic - Topdown Dialectic 014. Snail Mail - Lush (remaster) 015. Pavel Milyakov - Eastern Strike 016. Robyn - Honey 017. Falcon Black Ops - Vol. 1 018. CTM - Red Dragon 019. Ariana Grande - Thank You Next 020. Robert Lippok - Applied Autonomy 021. Various Artists - LACKRec. vs. Magic Power 022. Henning Christiansen - The Executioner 023. Against All Logic - 2012-2017 024. Scandinavian Star - Solas 025. Happa - PT3.2 026. Prime Minister of Doom - Mudshadow Propaganda 027. Ciara - Dose 028. Joy Orbison - 81b 029. Drew McDowall - The Third Helix 030. Felix Blume - Death in Haiti: Funeral Brass Bands & Sounds From Port au Prince 031. Teyana Taylor - K.T.S.E. 032. Borai & Denham Audio - Club Glow Vol. 1 033. Demdike Stare - Passion 034. Christian Zanési - Grand Bruit - Stop! l'horizon 035. DJ Healer - Nothing 2 Loose 036. Suzanne Ciani - Quadraphonic LIVE 037. Amnesia Scanner - Another Life 038. Various Artists - BROR08 039. Joy O & Ben Vince - Transition 2 - Systems Align 040. Lamin Fofana - Brancusi Sculpting Beyonce 041. ACT! - Universalist 042. Randomer - HS002 043. Vladimir Dubyshkin - Cheerful Pessimist 044. Hugo Massien - Almost Becoming Lucid 045. Barker - Debiasing EP 046. CLUBKELLY - GLOBAL 93 047. Ron Morelli - Disappearer 048. Jenny Hval - The Long Sleep 049. Tierra Whack - Whack World 050. Chambray - Nectar of Joy 051. Deben Bhattacharya - Paris to Calcutta: Men and Music on the Desert Road 052. Stef Mendesidis - Klockworks 23 053. Various Artists - Running Back Mastermix 054. Andrea - Forse 055. François Bayle - Tremblements... LP 056. Childish Gambino - This Is America 057. Efdemin - Naïf 058. Skee Mask - Compro 059. Cardi B - Invasion of Privacy 060. 700 Bliss - Spa 700 061. Chontane - Red Island EP 062. Honnda - Maraschino Mic Drop 063. Martyn Bootyspoon - Silk Eternity 064. Objekt - Cocoon Crush 065. Addison Groove & Bim Sanga Present Bags Inc. - Dance Trax, Vol. 17 066. Puce Mary - The Drought 067. Gonçalo F Cardoso - Impressões de uma Ilha (Unguja) 068. EQD - Equalized #008 069. Félicia Atkinson - Coyotes 070. Low - Double Negative 071. The Mistys - Pregnant Mannequin 072. Adlas - Arrival by Air 073. Vainqueur - Reductions 1995–1997 074. Xzavier Stone - THIRST 075. Kelman Duran - 13th Month 076. Lyra Valenza - Scan, Deliver 077. Bjarki – Oli Gumm 078. Answer Code Request - Gens 079. Forward Strategy Group - East Port Rangers EP 080. Voronoi - Vis-Viva 081. Olsen - Dream Operator 082. Mih-Ty - MIH-TY 083. Textasy - Dallas Gun Club 084. D.Dan - Covert Operation 085. Ursula K. Le Guin & Todd Barton - Music and Poetry of the Kesh 086. Duran Duran Duran - Choose Death 087. Jean C. Roché - Oiseaux Du Birds Of Venezuela 088. Vanessa Rossetto - Fashion Tape 089. Domiziano Maselli - Ashes 090. Smerz - Have fun 091. The Body - I Have Fought Against It, But I Can't Any Longer 092. Grizzle – Quinine 093. Rkss - DJ Tools 094. SHXCXCHCXSH - OUFOUFOF 095. Perfume - Future Pop 096. Stefano Moretti - Land of Mikuni 097. Sim Hutchins - Clubeighteen2thirty 098. Yves Tumor - Safe in the Hands of Love 099. Martyn - Voids 100. Sophia Loizou - Irregular Territories 101. Fracture - Soundboy Get Nervous 102. ABSOLUTE. - Malfunction 103. Diptera - 001 (antenna) 104. Nathan Micay - Whities 017 105. Alex Kassian - Hidden Tropics 106. The-Dream - Menage a Trois Sextape 107. Regal - Still Raving 108. Fumu - Sinuate 109. Evol - Ideal Acid 110. Various Artists - Only Promo Ma Poule 111. Mariah Carey - Caution 112. Ian Isiah - Shugga Sextape (Vol. 1) 113. Marie Davidson - Working Class Woman 114. Aoud - SE MKII 115. Konrad Wehrmeister - 5050 116. The Advent - Klockworks 22 117. Lucy Railton - Paradise 94 118. Virtual Self - Ghost Voices (Raito Remixes) 119. BE3K - Exoneration 120. GALT Faculty - E B O W 121. Art Alfie - The Bo Allan EP 122. Pendant - Make Me Know You Sweet 123. DJ Boring & Frits Wentink - Wasted Years of Pumping Iron 124. Contactless - Static 125. Was A Be & Synth Ethics - Systems 011 126. Helena Deland - From the Series of Songs Altogether Unaccompanied Vol. I 127. Freddie Gibbs - Freddie 128. Tessela & Lanark Artefax - Blue 01 129. Erma Grid - From a Band of Thoughts That Ended My Year 130. Dold - Mother EP 131. Eartheater - Irisiri 132. Age Coin - She Who Sold Me Told Me 133. Agrippa - Mygraine Urgraine/Harbour Run 134. Shame - Songs Of Praise 135. Severin - Safe Following Distance 136. RAMZi - Phobiza vol. 3: Amor Fati 137. Yen Towers - First on Comedown 138. Ludwig A.F. Röhrscheid - Xhale 139. Tee Mango - #2 140. Swarm Intelligence - Against The Dying Light 141. Céline Gillain - Bad Woman 142. Repro - Feel Extraordinary 143. Gila - Shedskin Pt.33 144. Jan Nemecek - Recurrences 145. Various Artists - Midnight in Tokyo Vol. 2 146. Various Artists - HYS001 147. No Moon - Infinite Dreamz EP 148. Prayer - Vital 149. Cadans - Slit EP 150. D. Tiffany - Feel U 151. The Empire Line - Rave 152. DJ Seinfeld - Sakura 153. 3KZ - A Love Supreme 154. Overlook - Never Understand 155. Ligovskoï - Esam 156. FJAAK - Havel 157. Scalameriya - Hellzone Megapunk EP 158. Drake - Scorpion 159. Locked Club - Svoboda 160. Young Echo - Young Echo 161. Reeko & Jonas Kopp - Realidades Holográficas I Torre de Babel 162. Hiro Kone - Pure Expenditure 163. Bruce - Sonder Somatic 164. Arkajo - Avasarala 165. TML - I Need An Exit 166. Thom Yorke - Suspiria 167. Various Artists - EDITSELECT36 168. Patrick Siech - Our Exile 169. Lucrecia Dalt - Anticlines 170. Qnete - Shtum 018 171. Future & Juice WRLD - WRLD ON DRUGS 172. Demian Licht - Female Criminals Vol. 3 173. Veronica Vasicka - in silhouette 174. 999999999 - RAVE REWORKS 175. Azari - Gotasoul 176. Varg - Nordic Flora Series Pt. 5: Crush 177. Mount Eerie - Now Only 178. Rabit - Bricks in a Draught 179. Elad Magdasi - Liquid Dreams 180. Tomas Urquieta - Dueños de Nada 181. The Higher - The Core 182. Ross Birdwise - Drunk Formalism(s) 183. Alan Fitzpatrick - System Addict 184. H4L - Four Lights 185. John Maus - Addendum 186. L-Vis 1990 - 12 Thousand Nights: Club 187. BLD - For Rave Use Only 188. Various Artists - Don’t You Mess with Cupid, 'Cause Cupid Ain’t Stupid 189. Ksmisk - Mikrometeorittene 190. Mark Leckey - Exorcism Of The Bridge @ Eastham Rake 191. Ross from Friends - Squaz 192. Rae Sremmurd - SR3MM-Jxmtro-Swaecation 193. Ricardo Villalobos - Silent EP 194. Young Thug - Slime Language 195. Phobia NL & Blacksun - Crossfire EP 196. X-Coast - XTC 197. Asymptote - Belief System 198. Ambivalent & Alden Tyrell - Detente 199. Christine and the Queens - Chris 200. Big Miz - Build-Destroy 201. Locked Groove - From Beyond 202. A$AP Rocky - TESTING 203. Paranorman - FUD001 204. Subradeon - Walking Through Motown EP 205. LMajor - Dig the New Breed, Pt. 1 206. P.Leone - The My Lita Project 207. P€PA & Z$OLI - Pzs_Rave 208. Adryiano - Dreams With EP 209. Appleblim - Life in a Laser 210. Vril - Omniverse EP 211. Бassae - Untitled 212. Gabber Eleganza – Never Sleep #1 213. Senyawa - Sujud 214. Radial - Tympana 215. N1L - 山卂ㄒ乇尺爪乇爪ㄖ尺ㄚ 216. Dibek & Lodig - Lap.AM 217. Jonny Greenwood - Phantom Thread 218. Urulu - Foreign Depths 219. David Goldberg - EMO Serialism 220. DJ Different - Permission 2 Dance 221. Prg_m - Berytus Groan 222. Funeral Future - Hard Candy EP 223. Voiski - Sick Parrots 224. serpentwithfeet - soil 225. Company - Prosody 226. Stanislav Tolkachev - Champions Breakfast 227. Asquith - The Conditioning Track 228. Awdha - UNO 229. Dedekind Cut - Tahoe 230. Harrison BDP & Garth James - Vapour Trails EP 231. Sugar - No Sex Only Feelings 232. Duppy Gun Productions - Miro Tape 233. Mike Davis - Communique From an Absent Future 234. Cabasa - Uncle Sigmund's EP 235. Various Artists - Eel Behaviour: Sniper 236. Silicon Scally - Live at Scand 237. E-Talking & Laksa - Blue 04 238. Jacquees - 4275 239. Marcel Dettmann - Test-File 240. Acre - Hollow Body 241. #.4.26. - MDR 24 242. Blood Orange - Negro Swan 243. Various Artists - Bavarian Stallion Series 003 244. Developer - Off Grid EP 245. 90 Process - No Warehouse Needed 246. Sector Y - CS_TMS 247. Charli XCX - Focus & No Angel 248. Paula Temple & Eomac - ETXC001 249. Cassius Select - Fake Death 250. hekla - Á 251. UNIIQU3 - Phase 3 252. Sedvs & Peel - The Plf Sessions I 253. Yugen - Ineffable 254. Europa - Alpanya 255. LSDXOXO - BODY MODS 256. Roper Rider - Motion Profile 257. Forest Drive West - Un 258. Petar Dundov - Dalmatina & Once We Were Here 259. Desiigner - L.O.D. 260. Renick Bell - Wary 261. Nicki Minaj - Chun-Li 262. Locked Club - ЛОМАЙ EP 263. Dopplereffekt - Athanatos 264. Glaskin - Grey Lines 265. Beta Librae - Subspecies 266. Oisel - Entroterra EP 267. Conforce - Zero Point-Field 268. Raito - One Step Beyond 269. Hioll - Hioll 002 270. Various Artists - AEX005 271. Rune Bagge - Pink Dreams 272. Tensal - Industrialsociety EP 273. Mathias Schaffhaeuser - Love Idol 274. Notzing - 014 275. Michal Wolski - Still Life 276. Aphtc - When Grounds Shift 277. DJ Sneak - 3D Print 278. Bylly - Mouth Full of Sand 279. CUB - Seeing From Above 280. Farrago - Risin' 281. Amotik ‎– Amotik 009 282. D-Leria - Driving to Nowhere 283. The Cyclist - Alabaster Thrones 284. Roza Terenzi & DJ Zozi - Planet Euphorique

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andrewtheprophet · 3 years ago

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wrestlingisfake · 4 years ago

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Homecoming Part 1 preview

This is a two-night event, with Part 1 on Saturday, July 24 (7pm EDT) and Part 2 on Sunday, July 25 (also 7pm EDT). Each show is available to stream live on Fite.tv for $13.99 apiece. Or you can order the weekend pack to get both shows for $21.99.

I won't have a lot to say about this card because it'll be my first time watching GCW and I don't know most of the guys. But I have plenty to say about the main event.

Nick Gage vs. Matt Cardona - Gage is defending the GCW world title. Cardona still has the internet championship he made up when he was Zack Ryder, but that's not on the line. I can't find any information about the rules, but I have to assume there will be no count-outs or disqualifications.

Cardona is a former WWE Superstar that runs a podcast about collecting toys. Gage is convicted felon that wrestles in broken glass. In May they exchanged a series of tweets that ensured wrestling fans would back one and loathe the other. At a June 5 GCW show Gage called out Cardona, who wasn't there. On the next day's show, a mystery man laid out Gage and seemed to be Jon Moxley (Gage has many enemies for some reason) until he unmasked to reveal he was Cardona. So suddenly Cardona had nuclear heat with the GCW fans. Now Cardona is acting all big-league, as if it shouldn't be hard to beat Gage but he'd really rather not get into all of Gage's deathmatch stuff.

The obvious selling point here is to see Cardona massively underestimate Gage and get fucking destroyed. But on a different level, there's a perverse fascination with how Gage's fans would revolt if Zack Ryder of all people took the GCW title from him. The best part is that both guys are sure to benefit from the feud. Cardona can lose and still gain the respect of a whole new audience if he takes a few deathmatch spots and proves his grit. Gage can lose and create an archrivalry with a worldwide star that will only elevate his profile. Consider that GCW has been doing a slow burn all year for Gage-Moxley, and Gage is booked to wrestle Chris Jericho on AEW Dynamite, but this is the match everyone's talking about.

I have to say I'm rooting for Cardona. It'll be fun watching him take all kinds of Nick Gage offense, but I really, really want to see him become the GCW champion and spend a couple of months gloating about being the king of deathmatches or whatever. Woo woo woo, you know it.

Alex Colon vs. Drew Parker - This match is for Colon's GCW ultraviolent championship. Parker actually just won the BJW deathmatch title in Big Japan, but I assume that belt is not at stake. Again, no idea what the rules for this are, but you gotta figure an ultraviolent title is always contested without count-outs or disqualifications.

So if this match and Gage-Cardona are both deathmatches, then I'm curious how they coordinate all the spots and stuff. In the big leagues it's a faux pas if two matches on the same show feature the same big move or a spot with the same weapon. With companies like GCW and CZW, I wouldn't know, because I only ever hear about one crazy match on each show. In theory you'd want Colon and Parker to tone it down so they don't outshine the main event. In practice, I don't know how you tell the ultraviolent champion and the deathmatch champion to "tone down" anything.

I have no idea who should win this, but it feels like Parker shouldn't lose right after winning that BJW title, so I'll go with him.

G-Raver & Jimmy Lloyd vs. Mance Warner & Matthew Justice - Raver and Lloyd are defending the GCW tag team title.

G-Raver nearly bled to death in a 2019 match, which led to Jim Cornette saying something tasteless, which led to Raver making a "Fuck Jim Cornette" shirt, which led to a rather amusing lawsuit. Lloyd is the dude who wore a GCW shirt to Wrestlemania this year, and "joined" WWE's Hurt Business when they made him change his shirt. So I like these guys already.

I mainly know Mance from seeing him on MLW, where he seemed like a pretty cool good ol' boy. I can't find much on Justice, but he based his name on the Metallica album ...And Justice For All. So both teams have some pretty solid points. Maybe they can all be friends and share the tag belts! (I'm pretty sure they won't.)

2 Cold Scorpio vs. Grim Reefer - I first saw 2 Cold nearly 30 years ago, so when I heard that he was still wrestling after he left WWE I thought "wow, he must be kinda old, but he can still go." That was maybe 20 years ago, though. I had no idea he was still wrestling now. Luckily for him, there's been a renaissance of old guys running around, so even though he's 55 you can plausibly hope he's held up more like Christian Cage than Bill Goldberg.

As for his opponent, I guess Grim Reefer enjoys the mari-ja-wana, but I don't care because EVERYBODY HERE COMES 2 COLD SCORPIO~!

Marko Stunt vs. Starboy Charlie - Mark is the scrawny little guy on AEW. Charlie is another scrawny little guy who is not in AEW. Guess who wins.

Tony Deppen vs. Ninja Mack - I just saw Deppen lose the ROH television title a couple of weeks ago, but I couldn't tell you a thing about him. When I went to look up Ninja Mack, I was hoping he'd just be some white guy wearing a T-shirt and a black mask over his face doing a ninja pose, and I was not disappointed. Clearly Mack has the superior "made my own guy in a WWE video game" gimmick, so I'm pulling for him.

AJ Gray vs. Nolan Edward - Gray is a former GCW world champion. Edward is only 23 years old. I don't know if this is supposed to be Edward stepping up to a big name or Gray sliding down to working with prelim guys. Guess I'll find out.

Dante Leon vs. Atticus Cogar vs. Jack Cartwheel vs. Brayden Lee vs. Jordan Oliver vs. Shane Mercer - This is billed as a scramble match. I'm not sure what that means in GCW. I'm going to guess that it's just a standard six-way match where the first person to score a fall wins. Everything I can find about GCW scramble matches suggests that it's less about the rules than about crazy spots.

I'm not familiar with any of these guys and I get the feeling this match will not be a way to get to know any of them as individuals. I guess I'll pick Jack Cartwheel to win because that's a hell of a name.

#gcw #game changer wrestling #gcw homecoming #nick gage #zack ryder #matt cardona #major detolf kollectors #all day every day

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nsula · 7 years ago

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NSU lists Spring 2018 grads

NATCHITOCHES – Northwestern State University awarded 922 degrees to 906 graduates during Spring Commencement ceremonies May 11, one of the largest graduating classes in the university’s history. Graduates listed by hometown are as follows.

Abilene, Texas -- RaeSheen Evans, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Abita Springs -- Brittany Schenck, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Albacete, Spain -- Rafael Caulin Atienzar, Bachelor of Science;

Albany -- Kaitlynn Kinchen, Bachelor of Arts; Hailey Pomes, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science;

Alexandria -- Annie Davis, Associate of Science in Nursing; Derranique Dabney, Mark Thompson, Associate of General Studies; Shanequa Watkins, Associate of General Studies,

Bachelor of Social Work; Carlos Sykes, Destinie White, Bachelor of Arts; Monnie Guillory, John Klock, Jody Rachal, Bachelor of General Studies; Ashley Ammons, Terri Clemons, Thomas Crowe, Brandy Danzy, Chamiqua Henderson, Adrienne Jett, Tadriel Jones, Luke Laborde, Donald Price, Amber Williams Taylor, Bachelor of Science; Shelby Laborde, Master of Arts; Jason Ardoin, Maile Cruz, Bret McCormick, Master of Arts in Teaching; Courtney Gistorb, Master of Education; Rachel Boraks, LaToya Smith-Mosley, Master of Science; Lisa Lauva, Master of Science in Nursing;

Anacoco -- Terah McClintock, Shelby Mcelveen, Associate of Science in Nursing; Mercedes Morgan, Justin Owens, Bachelor of General Studies; Reese Buzzell, Kristen Eusay, Bachelor of Science; Katie Perkins, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Arlington, Texas -- Felicia Jackson-Lombard, Associate of General Studies;

Arnaudville -- Jacob David, Bachelor of General Studies; Nikki Lee, Bachelor of Science; Nathaniel Siverand, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Athens, Texas -- Alejandra Monjardin, Bachelor of Music in Education;

Atlanta -- Morgan Williams, Bachelor of Science;

Atlanta, Texas -- Shannon Jones, Bachelor of Science;

Austell, Georgia -- Heather Hill, Master of Education;

Austin, Texas -- Dylan Graves, Bachelor of Music Education, Erica Ervin, Master of Arts;

Azle, Texas -- Alexandra Furtney, Bachelor of Music Education; Jessica Mast, Master of Science;

Baker – Nijah Lain, Bachelor of Science;

Baldwin – Donna Lancelin, Gerianna Lyons, Bachelor of Science;

Ball – KatieWakefield, Bachelor of Arts; Megan Wakefield, Bachelor of Science; Courtney Brown, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Barksdale, AFB – Heather Williams, Associate of Science in Nursing; Tova Volcheck, Bachelor of Science;

Baton Rouge—Sabre Whitworth, Associate of General Studies; Aimee Rowlen, Bachelor of General Studies; Bria Beathley, Krystal Cargo, Marquise Foster, Madison Fry, Meshon Plant, Maria Rome, Gina Saucier, Savannah Thibodeaux, Bachelor of Science; Bruce Craft, Master of Arts; Adam White, Master of Arts in Teaching; Kiara McKee, Master of Education; Lloyd Courtney, Steel Henry, Mario Lewis, Master of Science;

Beaumont, Texas – Brandon Nugent, Bachelor of General Studies; Andrew Bluiett, Bachelor of Science;

Beech Island, South Carolina – Michael Larsen, Bachelor of Science;

Belle Rose – Sharlin Forte, Bachelor of Science;

Bentley – Zachary Doucet, Bachelor of Music;

Benton – Kayla Reyes, Associate of Science in Nursing, Terrance Danford, Bachelor of Arts; Kelyn Bihm, Elizabeth Jones, Jennifer Rose; Bachelor of Science; Jordan Carroll, Laura Mahony, Master of Arts in Teaching; Joshua Waldrop, Master of Music; Stephanie Barnard, Lauren Ford, Brittney Gillyard, Joseph Martin, Master of Science in Nursing;

Blaine, Washington – Michael Gregg, Bachelor of Science;

Bordelonville – Taylor Arnouville, Bachelor of Music;

Bossier City – Victoria Gernon, Associate of General Studies; Michelle East, Shelly Boudria, Heather Casil, April Lebick, Michael Marceaux, Denisa Palyok, Nikisha Sanders, Macey Sims, Associate of Science in Nursing; Bonny Bacoccini, Benjamin Nati-Johnson, Melisha Rounds, Bachelor of Arts; Alexander Butler, Bachelor of Music; Jamie Neeley, Bachelor of Music Education; Jael Ahmad, Richard Bass, Mickayla Blue, Lindsay Dupree, Laschae Gadson, Courtney Giddens, Devonte Hall, Anton Inyakov, Casey Johnson, Corey Johnson, Haley Jorgensen, Kelsea Long, Shelly Purcell, Timothy Rice, Makenzie Smith, Tabitha Stevenson, Kiera White, Bachelor of Science; Caitlyn Drake, Earline Furlow, Bachelor of Social Work; Alexandra Ekstrom, Master of Arts;

Kristen Collins, Ginger Deramus, Ashley Masterson, Master of Arts in Teaching; Bobbie Dye, Master of Education; Ashley Ince, Master of Science; Megan Atkinson, Garrett Camp, Teri Duggan, Chenoa Hakun, Thresa Hargrave, Richard Howard, Tanya Slayter, Chelsea Smith, Karen Taylor, Holly Welch, Master of Science in Nursing;

Bourg – Micaiah Richie, Bachelor of Social Work;

Boyce – Ekaterina Bordelon, Lauren Davison, Curtis Fennell, Timothy Miller, Lachan Misner, Bachelor of Science; Adrianne Vallee, Bachelor of Social Work; Heather Ducote, Master of Science in Nursing;

Boynton Beach, Florida – Kimberly Bain, Master of Arts;

Brandenton, Florida – Alexandra Latham, Bachelor of Science;

Breaux Bridge – Arthur LeBlanc, Bachelor of Science;

Brusly – Dominique Bennett, Bachelor of Science

Burleson, Texas – Brendan Raincrow, Bachelor of Music Education;

Calhoun – Kristin Anderson, Brittney Kerrigan, Amanda Stewart, Mallarie Toms,

Master of Science in Nursing;

Campbell, Texas – Harlan Weaver, Bachelor of Science;

Campti – Kimberly Sepulvado, Associate of Science in Nursing; Trenton Parker, Bachelor of Science;

Cankton – Meaghan Gibbs, Master of Education;

Carencro – William LaFleur, Bachelor of Science, Amy Spainhower, Master of Science in Nursing;

Cartagena, Colombia – Carlos Camargo Patron, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Science; Ronald Rodriguez Herrera, Bachelor of Music; Angela Coneo Valdez, Bachelor of Science;

Cedar City, Utah – Brittany Goldberg, Master of Science;

Cedar Hill, Texas – Korliss Johnson, Bachelor of General Studies;

Cedar Park, Texas – David Moritz, Bachelor of Science;

Center Point – Christina Blackmon, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Charlotte, North Carolina – Ciera Jenkins, Bachelor of Arts;

Chesapeake, Virginia – Chandler Monk, Bachelor of Arts;

Chopin – Sadie Delrie, Bachelor of Arts;

Choudrant – Kathryn Claborn, Master of Science in Nursing;

Church Point – Kristian Burrow, Bachelor of Arts; Shelbi Richard,

Bachelor of Science;

Clarence – Mayshonna Bayonne, Bachelor of Social Work;

Clarksville, Tennessee – Savannah Sherman, Associate of General Studies;

Cloutierville – Jamacia Sykes, Associate of General Studies; LaKrisha Burrell, Bachelor of General Studies;

Colfax – Ashley Brown, Associate of General Studies; Austin Clark, Bachelor of Music Education; Brittany Zito, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Colleyville, Texas – David Fry, Bachelor of Arts;

Compton, California – Iziahiah Sweeney, Bachelor of General Studies;

Converse – Lisa Rachall, Associate of General Studies; Samantha Davis, Corey Dixon, Bachelor of Science

Coppell, Texas – Nicole Patterson, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Corona, California – Ashley Rodriguez, Master of Arts;

Coushatta – Callie Tucker, Associate of Science in Nursing; John Griffith, Bachelor of Arts, John Squires, Bachelor of General Studies; Lajustice Johnson, Jacob Shaver, Keyairrowa Thomas, Treasure Wilson, Rena Yount, Bachelor of Science; Stacie Cason, Master of Arts; John McCrory, Master of Science; Jeanette Tilley, Master of Science in Nursing;

Covington – Cynthia Lester, Associate of Arts; Margaret Denny, Jeremy Hutchinson, Bachelor of Arts; Titus McCann, Bachelor of Science; Tonda Collett, Master of Education;

Crowley – Kylan Poullard, Bachelor of Science;

Cypress, Texas – Jessica Lykins, Bachelor of Science;

D'Iberville, Mississippi – Liana Cuttie, Master of Science in Nursing;

Dallas, Texas – Blayne Fugere, Bachelor of Music; Amy Renteria, Bachelor of Science;

DeRidder –Kelly Hopson, Sarah James, Courtney Swisher, Associate of Science in Nursing; Jasmine Monk, Associate of General Studies; Breanne Brauer, Crystal Smith, Krystle Sowells. Bachelor of Arts; Jacqueline Rushford, Scott Stearns, Mandy Wilson, Bachelor of Science; Michael Harris, Jacob Tinney, Master of Science;

Delhi – Mia McCall, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Denham Springs – Tina Fisher, Bachelor of Applied Science, Mackenzie Byrd, Ross Dougherty, James Fillingame, Brandi Robertson, Bachelor of Science;

DeQuincy – Staci Maddox, Bachelor of Science;

Des Allemands – Thomas O'Rourke, Bachelor of Science;

Destrehan – Kristen Richmond, Jani Stewart, Bachelor of Science; Jana Berry, Master of Science in Nursing;

Deville – Savannah Carter, Bachelor of Arts; Logan Laprarie, Bachelor of Science; Susan Littleton, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Diana, Texas – Cody Wager, Master of Science;

Dodson – Courtney Booker, Bachelor of Science; Haley McClendon, Bachelor of Social Work;

Donaldsonville – Rikki Bergeron, Bachelor of Science;

Doyline – Walter Ritchie, Master of Education;

Dry Prong – Judith Mixon, Bachelor of General Studies; Ariana Christopher, Bachelor of Music Education; Ashley Martin, Bachelor of Social Work; Veronica Morgan, Master of Science; Gayle Elliott, Master of Science in Nursing;

Dubberly – Jacqueline Johnson, Associate of Science in Nursing;

El Dorado, Arkansas -- Falundrus Sims, Master of Science in Nursing;

Eunice – Skilynn Fontenot, Bachelor of Science;

Fairview, Pennsylvania – Dawn McKechnie, Master of Education;

Flatwoods – Stephanie Willis, Bachelor of Arts, Jennifer Desselle, Bachelor of Science;

Florien – Taylor Berry, Associate of Science in Nursing;

Forrest City, Arkansas – Michael Mcgruder, Bachelor of General Studies;

Forest Hill – Melissa Ortis-Nava, Bachelor of Arts;

Fort Polk – Laura Gee, Heidi Konieczny, Elivia McCullough, Ilene Thompson, Associate of Science in Nursing; Martha Garcia-Leon, Alexandra Orellana, Simone Watson, Associate of General Studies; Sandra Valdez, Bachelor of Arts;

Fouke, Arkansas – Holly Tweedy, Bachelor of Science;

Frankin, Indiana – Chester Matney, Master of Science;

Frierson – Shanevia Houston, Bachelor of Social Work;

Gainesville, Florida – Hayden Hayes, Bachelor of Science;

Garland, Texas – Alec Horton, Colin S. Horton, Bachelor of Music;

Gautier, Mississippi – Chenya Joseph, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Georgetown, Texas – Kyle Bryant, Bachelor of Arts;

Glen Burnie, Maryland – Katherine Speicher, Bachelor of Science;

Glenmora – Toni Hickey, Associate of Science in Nursing; Bailey Johnson, Bachelor of Science;

Goldonna – Brandon Smith, Bachelor of Science;

Goldsboro, North Carolina – Edmond Edwards, Bachelor of Science;

Gonzales – Bryn Hughes, Nicole Jones, Katelyn Marchand, Bachelor of Science;

Grand Cane – Jaylen Mcintyre, Bachelor of Science;

Grand Coteau – Takiyah Milton, Bachelor of General Studies;

Grand Prairie, Texas – Charles Harris, Bachelor of Science;

Gray – Triston Johnson, Bachelor of Arts; Denzel Dawson, Bachelor of Music Education; Ciara Richardson, Master of Science;

Grayson, Georgia – Odionikhere Agbi, Bachelor of Science;

Grayson – Alicia Foy, Bachelor of Science; Jennifer Price, Master of Science in Nursing;

Greenwood – Chantez Ashley, Bachelor of Applied Science; Malory Jeter, Bachelor of Science; Rosalind Brown, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Gretna – Nova McCuller, Master of Science;

Guaynabo, Puerto Rico – Emily Bencosme, Bachelor of Science;

Hammond – April Smith, Master of Arts; Blaike Peters, Bachelor of Arts;

Harker Heights, Texas -- Roshanda Prior, Master of Arts;

Hartsville, South Carolina – Amanda Earle, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Harvey – John Dinh, Jessica Love, Bachelor of Science;

Haughton – Nina Fontenot, Annabeth Johnston, Associate of Science in Nursing; Nutisha Marshall, Associate of General Studies; Kayla Bull, Nutisha Marshall, Brigette Wilson, Bachelor of Applied Science; James Melvin, Hannah Morris, Bachelor of Arts; Tonya Morgan, Bachelor of General Studies; Bailey Boyd, Payton Curry, Ashley Hamil, Tyler Holdsworth, Ashley Hopson, Karim Karkar, Sydney MacFarlane, Amanda Simmons, Garrett Townsend, Travis White, Kaili Williams, Bachelor of Science; Jennifer Lance, Master of Arts; Dana Hensley, Master of Education; Chasidy Williams, Master of Science in Nursing;

Haynesville – Taylor Lento, Associate of Science in Nursing;

Hineston – Jacquelyn McNeely, Bachelor of General Studies; Angela Merchant, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Hollywood, Florida – Cole Grant, Bachelor of General Studies;

Homer – Ashley Hollenshead, Associate of Science in Nursing; Essie Winzer, Bachelor of Social Work;

Hornbeck – Gary Henry, Bachelor of General Studies; Logan Hughes, Jaclyn Smith, Bachelor of Science; Richelle Dorris, Master of Arts;

Houma – Chase Hawthorne, Bachelor of Science;

Houston – Stephanie Hall, Crystal Turner, Bachelor of General Studies; Alyssa Jacobs, David Sampson, Madilyn Wood, Bachelor of Science; Howard-Joseph Middleton, Master of Music;

Humble, Texas – Esdeina Gonzales, Trevin Whitaker, Bachelor of Science;

Independence – Sabrina Cook, Bachelor of Science;

Iota – Anna Lege, Bachelor of Science;

Iowa – Nicholas Fisher, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science; Jasmine Harris, Master of Arts;

Jacksonville, Texas – Lauren LaFleur, Master of Arts;

Jamestown – Dustin Ramsey, Adrienne Thomas, Bachelor of Science;

Jeanerette – Selene Allain-Kovacs, Bachelor of Arts;

Jefferson, Texas – Taishia Holt, Bachelor of Science;

Jena – Jordan Paul, Bachelor of General Studies; Katelyn Keene, Lakerielle Kittlin, Bachelor of Science; Nikita Miles, Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Aubrey McAnn, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Jennings – Suzanna Bonin, Master of Arts;

Jonesboro – Jacqueline Blankenship, NaThasia Harris, Bachelor of Science; Karie Potts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Holly Maxwell, Master of Science in Nursing;

Jonesville – Shana Jefferson, Bachelor of Fine Arts;

Kings Mountain, North Carolina – Ashley Counts, Bachelor of Science;

Kinston, South Carolina – Jennifer Freeman, Associate of General Studies, Bachelor of Genreal Studies;

Kaplan – Lauren Schexnayder, Bachelor of Musid Education;

Katy, Texas – David Billings, Bachelor of General Studies;

Keithville – Haley May, Hannah May, Bachelor of General Studies; Rachel Opbroek, Erica Sanders, Bachelor of Science;

Kenner – Christina Arrechavala, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science;

King Ferry, New York – Kayleigh Bartlow, Bachelor of Science;

Kingwood, Texas – Eric Piccione, Bachelor of Science;

Kirkland, Washington – Riley Walker, Master of Science;

Leesville – Theresa Brown, Bachelor of Science;

LaPlace – Dylan Frese, Bachelor of Arts;

Labadieville – Shaylong Williams, Bachelor of Science;

Lafayette – Kaylon Benjamin, Associate of Science in Nursing; Rylan Choate, Associate of General Studies; Jacklyn Marr, Bachelor of Fine Arts; Kayley Aymond, Bachelor of General Studies; Samantha Donlon, Josef Raines, Hunter Robicheaux, Bachelor of Science; Connie Bowen, Master of Arts in Teaching; Annelle Keller, Whitney Myers, Master of Education; Katie Stonicher, Sydney Weaver, Master of Science in Nursing;

Lake Arthur – Rebecca Brown, Master of Science in Nursing;

Lake Charles – Joel Moreaux, Associate of General Studies; Anna Eaglin, Demarquise Edwards, Ashlyn Guidry, Maysen Linscomb, Jordan Reich, Bachelor of Arts; Roger Luafalemana, Bachelor of General Studies; Krista Dixon, Alison Thomas, Bachelor of Science; Rachel Regan, Master of Arts; Noel Fontenot, Master of Arts ins Teaching; Kari Yeager, Master of Science in Nursing;

Lake Providence – Forrest Middlebrook, Bachelor of Science; Mary Cantrell, Master of Science in Nursing;

Lakehills, Texas – Agusta Steward, Bachelor of Science;

Largo, Florida – Alexis Branch, Bachelor of Arts;

Larose – Peyton Guidry, Bachelor of Science;

Lawtell – Olivia Guidry, Bachelor of Science;

League City, Texas – Hunter Wamack, Bachelor of Science;

Lecompte – Adrianna Coffman, Association of Science in Nursing;

Leesville – Kalee Hardy, Leila Hardy, Gladys Kimutai, Stephanie Miller, Zachery Myers, Linsey Preddy, Jesse Smyth, Assocation of Science in Nursing; Haleigh Edinger, Katrena Issac, Montana Phillips, Associate of General Studies; April Beck, Alexis Bynog, Michael Cain, Andrew Forque, Antonia Kettner, Dustin Nash, Bachelor of Arts; Heather Hickman, Bachelor of Fine Arts; Ovina Forque, Robert Green, Bachelor of General Studies; Skyler Abrams, Lyric Bacote, Conner Dillon, Brittany Edwards, Danielle Espree, Caitlan James, Jessica Mango, Bachelor of Science;

Lewisville, Texas – Bachelor of General Studies;

Libuse – Alysia Hawthorne, Bachelor of Science;

Little Elm, Texas – Kaytie Proctor, Bachelor of Science;

Longview, Texas – Travis Pope, Bachelor of Music; Joni Overman, Bachelor of Science:

Louisville, Mississippi – Zachary Wilson, Bachelor of Arts;

Mandeville – Thomas Marlbrough, Bachelor of Arts; Jimmy Gill, Connor Loar, Bachelor of Science;

Mansfield – Wesley Caston, LaBrettanie McCall, Associate of Science in Nursing; Louis Mayweather, Associate of General Studies; LaBrittainy Allen, Bachelor of Arts; Ashley Shelton, Bachelor of Science;

Mansura – Regis Perry, Bachelor of Arts; Carol Dauzat, Bachelor of Science; Hope Mitchell, Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Hali Wanersdorfer, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Many – Leeora Eason, Associate of Science in Nursing; Janerrica Warfield, Associate of General Studies; Salvador Cruz Montellano, Bachelor of Arts; Chancee Branam, Adina Manshack, Bachelor of General Studies; Samantha Carrier, Abby Hines, Kailey Leach, Caelin Lyddy, Lincoln Pearce, Thomas Phillips, Jonathan Pilcher, Sabrina Ross, Colten Sepulvado, Matthew Wooley, Bachelor of Science; Emily Frazier, Edie Gowen, Master of Education;

Margate, Florida – Olya Guilbert, Associate of General Studies;

Marksville – Kryssi Threeton, Associate of Science in Nursing; Sara Lambert, Bachelor of Science;

Marrero – Lauren Guillot, Addison Hinson, Bachelor of Science; CeNe Harris, Master of Science;

Marshall, Texas – Matayzsha Dorsey, Bachelor of Arts; Tiffany Cortes, Bachelor of General Studies;

Marthaville – Kendrick Moore, Bachelor of General Studies;

McKinney, Texas – Anne Repp, Bachelor of Science;

Melrose – Molly Dickerson, Bachelor of Arts;

Merritt Island, Florida – Kelsey Lewis, Master of Science;

Merryville – Jennifer Cooley, Master of Science in Nursing;

Metairie – Shawn Lawler, Bachelor of Applied Science; Richard Gay, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Midland, Michigan – Ju-Yu Chen, Master of Arts;

Midland, Texas – Savannah Cantwell, Bachelor of Science;

Midlothian, Virginia – Tatijana Rangel-Ribeiro, Bachelor of Science;

Minden – Michael Dick, Bachelor of General Studies; Kadeem Bailey, Bachelor of Music; Robert Jones, Jerryca Law, Hutton Leppert, Danielle Morgan, Bachelor of Science; Amanda Curry, Adriana Spurlock, Bachelor of Social Work; Jonathan Washington, Master of Education;

Mira – Taylor Andrews, Bachelor of Arts;

Mission, Texas – Eric Lopez, Bachelor of Arts;

Monroe – Louis Lacy, Bachelor of Applied Science; Oneka Jackson, Tatianna Randle, Bachelor of Arts; Trinity Butcher, Bachelor of Fine Arts; Daniel Akinrinlola, James McNeil, Bachelor of Science; Mandy Barker, Master of Science in Nursing, Kelly McAllister, Matthew McGuffee, Julie Montgomery, Annsley Walder, Master of Science in Nursing;

Moore, Oklahoma – Jenny Jones, Bachelor of Science;

Mooringsport – Aubri Branch, Maseter of Arts in Teaching;

Morgan City – Lindsay Blair, Bachelor of Arts;

Morrisville, South Carolina – Brittany Harmon, Bachelor of Science;

Mt. Albert – Erin Sitarz, Bachelor of Science;

Nampa, Idaho – Isaiah Brittell, Bachelor of Science;

Natchez – Pearlie Jones, Bachelor of Arts;

Natchez, Mississippi – Henry Cooley, Bachelor of Applied Science;

Natchitoches – Shannon Smith, Associate Degree; Korsica Anderson, Valrie Gray, Taylor Hickman, Cady Leger, Tiresa Maxie, Ernest Miller, Tori Neitte, Daja Roberson, Cara Stanfield, Associate of General Studies; Juliena Lacour, Associate of Science in Nursing; Michael James, Thomas Jeane, Meredith, Machen, Alisha Miller, Lucas Morgan, Scott Steward, John Williams, Logan Williams, Bachelor of Arts; Layne Elkins, Bachelor of Fine Arts; Joshua Bolton, Leilani Chelette, Regina Johnson, Widline Lageroy, Brandy Renel, Bachelor of General Studies;

Daniella Angula Martinez, Bachelor of Music, Alanna Benoit, Orlando Gonzales, Oni Melendez Carrillo, Destinee Roberson, Aaron Rogers, Bachelor of Music; Ariel Adkins, Kwanstan Adkins, Daniella Angulo Martinez, Samuel Bedgood, Lauren Bennett, Christopher Billiot, Natalie Borowski, Ana Cardaba Garcia, Halley Chapa, Michael Chelette, Ashley Fortenberry, Mark Gallien, Orlando Gonzales, Ian Grant, Rodney Harrison, Zachary Heard, Polina Ivanova, Casey Jones, Jeremy Jones, Sharniece Jones, Daniel Killian, Michael Kingsley, Mary Koleas, Dedrick Lewis, Luke Lucky, Andrew McAlister, Kary-Katharine McCormich, Oni Melendez Carrillo, Shanteria Montgomery, Craig Moran, Unai Neketan, Karmen O’Connor, Alexis Rice, Ashley Rico, Tyler Roberts, Kayla Salas, Richard Sargee, Emily Sitarz, Nicholas Smith, Shannon Smith, Hollie Spillman, Martha Squyres, Alexander Steward, Anna Taveney, Victoria Thompson, Alexis Turner, Richard Walsh, Kathryn White, Alex Wilkins, Ryan Wright, Bachelor of Science;

Karla Rider, Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Susan Bernath, Angela Gourdon, Alyssia White, Master of Arts; Hannah Kennedy, Master of Arts in Teaching; Jodi Howell, Melissa Kaufman, Master of Education; Michael Lyons, Donald Myers, Master of Music; William Anglin, Antonie Godin, Taylor James, Raven Mitchell, Katie Morrow, Zachary Nielsen, Ayla Owens, Dana Thompson, John Welch, Master of Science;

Navarre, Florida – Tasha Savoy, Associate of General Studies; Jessica Hartline, Bachelor of Arts; Tasha Savoy, Bachelor of Science;

New Iberia – Shania Dauterive, Tucker Ellis, Bachelor of Arts; Joshua Adams, Brielle Moore, Bachelor of Science, Warren Langford, Master of Arts in Teaching, Christopher Fremin, Master of Science;

New Orleans – Taylor Gibbs, Associate of General Studies; Ryan George, Bachelor of Science; Joran Sennett, Lionel Williams, Master of Science; Mikshira Mosley, Master of Science in Nursing;

New Roads – Cleotha Johnigan, Educational Specialist;

Newnan, Georgia – Samantha Sims, Bachelor of Science; Aundrea Hasty, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Oakdale – Melinda Hargrove, Master of Science in Nursing;

Ojai, California – Cobi Welch, Bachelor of Science;

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma – Jasmine Juarez, Bachelor of Science;

Olla – Misty McNemar, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Opelousas – Jasmine Donatto, Kierra Doucet, Bachelor of Science; Tyler Montgomery, Master of Arts in Teaching; Natasha Edwards, Master of Science; Racquel Gradney, Master of Science in Nursing;

Orange, Texas – Hunter Uzzle, Bachelor of Arts;

Orange Beach, Alabama – Elizabeth Gilliam, Bachelor of Science;

Orlando, Florida – Delma Burris, Master of Science;

Otis – Joshua Poston, Associate of Science;

Oxnard, California – Kathleen Starman, Bachelor of Arts;

Palestine, Texas – Victoria Morris, Master of Science;

Palm Harbor, Florida – Mackenzie Geier, Bachelor of Science;

Papillion, Nebraska – Meghan Taylor, Master of Music;

Parkville, Maryland – George Flaviano, Bachelor of General Studies;

Pelican – Caleb Haire, Bachleor of Science; Emily Myers, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Pensacola, Florida – Amyris Anderson, Bachelor of Science;

Pineville – Catherine Bordelon, Mary Saucier, Associate of Science in Nursing; Andrea Boyd, Haylee Farris, Julie Morales, Associate of General Studies; Carrigen Cain, Lauren Collins, Tina Giambrone, Caleb Howell, Katie Rayburn, Candice Smith, Bachelor of Arts; Angel Mathews, Bachelor of General Studies; Charles Anderson, Aimee Ashworth, Jessica King, Alyssa Lloid, Michael Marino, Michalene Perry, Jodie Roberts, Meagan Stuckey, Rebecca Wingate, Bachelor of Science; Glory Deaton, Odie Trusty, Bachelor of Social Work; Melissa Harr, Master of Arts; Sarah Adams, Caitlyn Maddox, Master of Education; Jessica Johnson, Master of Science; Jacquelyn Coster, Roxanne Holmes, Terri Pizanie, Rachel Ward, Jessica Wooten, Master of Science in Nursing;

Pinson, Alabama -- Amber Cunningham, Associate of General Studies;

Pioneer -- Moesha Smith, Bachelor of Social Work;

Pitkin -- Jessica Cloud, Bachelor of Science; Constance White, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Pleasant Hill -- Sonya Harris, Emily Walker, Bachelor of Science;

Pollock -- John Simar, Associate of Science in Nursing; Michael Tarpley, Bachelor of Arts;

Ponchatoula -- Jarvis Chapman, Bachelor of Science; Sandy Yaeger, Master of Arts;

Pontotoc, Mississippi -- Shelby Drope, Bachelor of Science;

Prairieville -- Joanna Bunnell, Bachelor of Applied Science; Jakalyn Hills, Otha Nelson, Bachelor of Arts; Gracyn Migues, Bachelor of Social Work;

Pride -- Joey Wills, Bachelor of Science;

Princeton -- Ty Shilling, Bachelor of Science;

Provencal -- Carson Custis, Taylor Trichel, Associate of General Studies; Jamie Litton, Derek Toro, Bachelor of Science; Heather Broadway, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Raeford, North Carolina -- Lauren Reilly, Bachelor of Science;

Rayne -- Mary Peltier, Bachelor of Arts;

Rayville -- Terry Rogers, Associate of General Studies;

Renton, Washington -- Aaron Potoshnik, Master of Science;

Richardson, Texas -- Erin Wrozek, Bachelor of Science;

Richmond, Virginia -- Daniel Emirzian, Master of Science;

Ringgold -- Miracle Mays, Bachelor of Social Work;

River Ridge -- Emily Digangi, Bachelor of Science;

Robeline -- Meagan Cox, MiKenzie Maley, Associate of General Studies; Taylor Morgan, Bachelor of General Studies; Joshua Dickens, Willie Garcia, John Ledet, Bachelor of Science;

Rocklin, California -- Madeline Mason, Bachelor of Science;

Rogers, Arkansas -- Taylor Bush, Bachelor of Fine Arts;

Ruston -- Shalynna Honaker, Master of Science in Nursing;

St. Martinville --Autumn Blanchard, Bachelor of Science; Wade Alexander, Master of Science in Nursing;

Saint Bernard -- Katie Charrier, Master of Arts;

Saint Cloud, Florida -- Sage Leffew, Bachelor of Science;

Saint James -- Tad Cavalier, Master of Science;

Salina, Oklahoma -- Tina James, Master of Arts;

Saline -- Lillie Williams, Bachelor of Science;

San Jose, Californa -- Eduardo Balderas, Bachelor of Science;

Santa Fe, Texas -- Micaela Bouvier, Bachelor of Science;

Savannah, Georgia -- Larry Johnson, Bachelor of Science;

Schuyler, Nebraska -- Nathaniel Harding, Master of Music;

Sheridan, Arkansas -- Rusty Armstrong, Bachelor of Science;

Sheridan, Wyoming -- Megan Taylor, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Shreveport -- Thomas Ayres, Andrea Johnson, Sha’Jamia Johnson, Alexis Leslie, Lakenya Lyrse, Christine Morgan, Kimberly Posey, Maria Woodel, Jodie Woodson, Angela Zaia, Associate of Science in Nursing; Selina Dranguet, Anthony Gloston, Yasmin Newman, Christina Strumski, Anna Wright, Associate of General Studies; Michelle Sweezer, Sarah Weldon, Bachelor of Applied Science; Dontavius Chambers, Nicolas Fry, Lajarious Jones, Emalee Kennon, Taimata Luafalemana, Lavelle Mitchell, Keyaunta Stewart, Albert Tuiel, Bachelor of Arts; Jessica Bollingham, Jordan Chance, Jay Lester, Monia Paul, Crystal Williams, Randy Woodle, Bachelor of General Studies;

Amanda Charles, Bachelor of Music; Ashlee Arkansas, Hannah Bolton, Tffany Calhoun, Tygeria Coley, Brent Crawford, Taylor Davis, Courtney Dehart, Kristina Doyal, Ronald Evans, Jacob Hattaway, Aly Hesson, Emily Jones, Quanese Jones-Young, LaTesha Kendrick, Jesse Kortus, Katie Layfield, Z’Bearrea Lewis, Zachery Marshall, Terrye Moore, Christopher Negard, Jalesia Peair, Harrison Reeves, Mollie Reynolds, Jasmine Roberts, Kathryn Shrader, Taylor Spencer, Christa Sprawls, Angela Thomas, Falica Tisdom, Aaliyah Watkins, Bachelor of Science; Portia Datcher, Zabrina Harris, Christina Killebrew, Trevor Raney, Bachelor of Science in Nursing; Alyecia Ivory Stills, Latravia Mosley, Sheri Stone, JeVannica Williams, Bachelor of Science in Social Work;

Terri Scott, Educational Specialist; Bridgette Bell, Amanda Fertitta, Michelle Frederick, Marisa Jefferson, Elizabeth Lewis, Vivian Meachum, Alison Thompson, Vanessa Youngs, Master of Arts in Teaching; Caroline Landon, Scott Menard, Sarah Roy, Kathryn Young, Master of Education; Mary Acklin, Jerry Ferguson, Wendy King, Alesha Simmons, Megan Stamps, Emily Welch, Master of Science in Nursing;

Sibley -- Samanthia Collins, Bachelor of Social Work;

Sicily Island -- Victoria Huff, Master of Education;

Sieper -- Whitney Browning, Joseph Fowler, Bachelor of Arts;

Silistra, FC -- Samuel Francis, Bachelor of Science;

Simmesport -- Daneisha Veal, Bachelor of Science;

Slagle -- Kayleigh Fowler, Associate of General Studies;

Slidell -- Katie Buttner, Robert Carter, Bachelor of Science; Tiffany Ritchie, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Springdale, Arkansas -- Sabrina Bailey, Bachelor of Social Work; Kierra Charles, Associate Degree; Javon Guilbeaux, Bachelor of Arts; Haley LaCaze, Bachelor of General Studies; Kierra Charles, Lydia Doucet, William Jordan, Bachelor of Science;

Springhill -- Kenneth Davenport, Master of Science in Nursing;

St. Maurice -- Natalie Howard, Associate of General Studies;

Stephenville, Texas -- Natalie Damron, Bachelor of General Studies;

Sterlington -- Kasey Goodman, Master of Science in Nursing;

Stonewall -- Alicia Phelps, Associate of Science in Nursing; Melissa Almond, Associate of General Studies; Stephanie Parker, Bachelor of Science; Karlissa Couron, Amanda Carfagno, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Sulphur -- Tina Honea, Bachelor of Science;

Summerfield -- Mackenzie Scriber, Bachelor of General Studies;

Summerville, South Carolina -- Alexandria Hughes, Bachelor of Science;

Summit, Mississippi -- Joshua Armstreet, Bachelor of Science;

Swartz -- Brittany Taraba, Jean Taraba, Educational Specialist;

Texarkana, Texas -- Elaine Jewell, Master of Science;

Tomball, Texas -- Briana Bourque, Kylie Spencer, Bachelor of Science;

Torrington, Connecticut -- Clarice Tanguiling, Bachelor of Science in Nursing;

Trout -- Tiffany Cripps, Associate of Science in Nursing; Mary Devillier, Master of Science in Nursing;

Tyler, Texas -- De’Shalyn Jones, Bachelor of Science;

Ville Platte -- Kathryn Chaddrick, Associate of General Studies; Deana May, Bachelor of Arts; Nicholas Deville, Bachelor of Science;

Vacherie -- Tameeka Ross, Bachelor of Science;

Vinton -- Alayna Zaunbrecher, Bachelor of Science; Megan Telles, Master of Arts in Teaching;

Virginia Beach, Virginia -- Danielle Hall, Bachelor of Science; Christopher Sauer, Master of Science

Vivian -- Alaina Hale, Associate of Science in Nursing;

Walker -- Saxon Bumpus, Bachelor of Science;

West Monroe -- Patricia Masters, Lindsey Morrow, Master of Science in Nursing;

Wetmore, Colorado -- Diane Norbury, Bachelor of Science;

White Castle -- Kiosha Elzy, Bachelor of Applied Science;

Whitesboro, Texas -- Guy Butts, Bachelor of Science;

Winnfield -- Larancion Magee, Maria Mangum, Associate of General Studies; Ili Habash, Bachelor of Arts; Ramona Curry, Rebecca Hodnett, Brooklyn Johnson, Ieishlia Lynch, Jake Roberts, John Shelton, Tashari Stringer, Bachelor of Science; Alexis Jackson, Bachelor of Social Work; Victoria Friday, Angela Tinnerello, Master of Arts in Teaching; Maddaline Dempsey, Master of Science;

Winnsboro -- Jessica Beard, Priscilla Mullican, Master of Science in Nursing;

Wylie, Texas -- Kylie Nodorft, Bachelor of Science;

Youngsville -- Kali Roberts, Bachelor of Science;

Zachary -- Latisha Thomas, Associate of General Studies; Alyse Quebedeaux, Bachelor of Applied Science; Byron Stevens, Bachelor of General Studies; Diana Boggs, Master of Science in Nursing;

Zwolle -- Keymon Houston, Associate of General Studies; Alliyah Perry, Ali Remedies, Bachelor of Science;

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kristablogs · 5 years ago

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News O'Clock: The WHO Said What Now?!

Trump thinks he can host the G7 summit at Camp David next month. We figure out which TV doctors we’d trust during These Times. Plus, Mark Leon Goldberg, host of the Global Dispatches podcast, talks to us about this week’s World Health Organization meeting.

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mcmansionhell · 8 years ago

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The McMansion Hell Big List of Books, Websites, and Films about Architecture

SURPRISE!!!!

Edit: I had to take out the “Read More” tab because it killed all of my links, so Sorry for the long post!

Hello Friends! I feel as if I haven’t really been giving back to the community as much I should be in these last few weeks, and that while my latest Sunday posts have been mildly amusing, nobody is really learning anything from them.

I shared some recommended reading on my Facebook page a week or so ago, and want to expand on that list here. Architecture is a wonderfully rich field with a plethora of resources. This post is a master-list of the architecture books, blogs, websites and films I have accumulated since my early teens.

While extensive, this is in no way a definitive list, and I’m sure many others will have quite a bit to add on in the comments. I hope you enjoy!

Books

Links are to Amazon. A ** next to the title indicates the link is to an open-source copy of the book, or that it is easily available online.

General Architecture (non-academic, general interest)

Paul Goldberger, Why Architecture Matters

Alain de Botton, The Architecture of Happiness

Witold Rybczynski:

Looking Around

How Architecture Works

Home

Matthys Levy/Mario Salvadori, Why Buildings Fall Down**

Mario Salvadori, Why Buildings Stand Up**

Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn

Tom Wolfe, From Bauhaus to Our House**

Christopher Alexander, A Pattern Language**

Bill Bryson, At Home

Matthew Frederick - 101 Things I Learned in Architecture School

Architectural Style (Field Guides)

Virginia McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses

If you want to buy one book on this list, I highly recommend this one. It’s the best book out there about American residential architecture. If you’re curious about houses, it’ll sate your curiosity.

Carol Davidson Cragoe, How to Read Buildings: A Crash Course in Architectural Styles (this one is neat for traveling about because it’s small)

John J. G. Blumenson, Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, 1600-1945 (an old but good small guide)

Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture**

Pevsner Architectural Guides: Introductions [Houses • Churches]

Richard Apperly, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present

Cities, Suburbs, and Housing (of course not a complete list)

Jane Jacobs:

The Death and Life of Great American Cities

The Economy of Cities

Cities and the Wealth of Nations

Vital Little Plans: The Short Writings of Jane Jacobs

Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City **

Lewis Mumford: The City in History

Aldo Rossi: The Architecture of the City**

Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of Tomorrow

Witold Rybczynski:

Mysteries of the Mall

City Life

Makeshift Metropolis: Ideas About Cities

Kenneth T Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States

Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier

James Howard Kunstler:

The Geography of Nowhere

Home from Nowhere

Dolores Hayden, PhD:

Redesigning the American Dream: The Future of Housing, Work and Family Life

A Field Guide to Sprawl

Building Suburbia

Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Jeff Speck: Suburban Nation

It’s only fair to put the New Urbanists in here.

John Archer, Architecture and Suburbia (a favorite reference of mine)

Tracy Kidder, House

Sarah Susanka, The Not So Big House

Peter Marcuse & David Madden, In Defense of Housing

Matthew Desmond, Evicted

Alex F. Schwartz: Housing Policy in the United States

Architectural History:

Spiro Kostof, A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals (personal favorite)

Francis Ching, et. al. A Global History of Architecture (a standard college textbook)

Carol Strickland, The Annotated Arch: A Crash Course in Architectural History (a lot of fun!)

Daniel Borden, et al. Architecture: A World History

Leland M. Roth & Amanda C. Clark, American Architecture: A History

William J. R. Curtis: Modern Architecture Since 1900 (a classic)

Edward R. Ford, The Details of Modern Architecture

Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture: A Critical History**

Heinrich Klotz, The History of Postmodern Architecture

Charles Jencks, The Story of Postmodernism

Architectural Theory & Criticism Essentials

General Architectural Theory:

Leland Roth, et al. Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History, and Meaning

Francis Ching, Architecture: Form, Space, and Order** (AKA freshman year of architecture school)

Siegfried Gideon, Space, Time, & Architecture

Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Space **

Roger H Clark & Michael Pause, Precedents in Architecture**

Mark Foster Gage, Aesthetic Theory: Essential Texts for Architecture & Design

Geoffrey Scott: The Architecture of Humanism: A Study in the History of Taste **

M. Fil Hearn, Ideas that Shaped Buildings** (a great handbook of architectural theory through history - always by my side.)

Lewis Tsurmaki Lewis, Manual of Section (not quite architectural theory, but a super cool book)

Alexandra Lange, Writing About Architecture - not quite theory but a v good and useful book.

Kate’s Top 4 Very Old Dead Guys (all public domain)

Vitruvius, The Ten Books of Architecture

Andrea Palladio, The Four Books of Architecture

Leon Battista Alberti, The Ten Books of Architecture

John Ruskin, The Seven Lamps of Architecture

Modern Architecture

Adolf Loos, Ornament & Crime **(fake summary below):

Le Corbusier, Towards a New Architecture**

Henry Russell Hitchcock & Philip Johnson, The International Style **

Reyner Banham, Theory and Design in the First Machine Age**

Ulrich Conrads, Programs and Manifestos on 20th Century Architecture**

Kenneth Frampton, A Genealogy of Modern Architecture

Ada Louise Huxtable, On Architecture: Reflections on a Century of Change

Current Architectural Theory / Contemporary Classics

Vincent Scully

Architecture: The Natural and the Manmade

American Architecture and Urbanism

Modern Architecture

The Shingle Style Today (this book completely blew my mind in high school, and remains one of my favorite books about architecture to this day.)

Robert Venturi + Denise Scott Brown

Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture**

Learning from Las Vegas**

Rem Koolhaas:

S,M,L,XL

Delirious New York**

Peter Zumthor:

Atmospheres

Thinking Architecture

Bernard Tschumi, Architecture & Disjunction**

Junichiro Tanizaki, In Praise of Shadows **

Films

Most of these films have the full version online for free. I won’t link directly to them because I don’t want to get yelled at.

Films About Architects:

My Architect [film about Louis Kahn]

Regular or Super: Views on Mies van der Rohe

Rem Koolhaas: A Kind of Architect

Sketches of Frank Gehry

Frank Lloyd Wright (Ken Burns)

First Person Singular: I.M. Pei

Eames: The Architect & The Painter

Louis Sullivan: The Struggle for American Architecture

Infinite Space: The Architecture of John Lautner

How Much Does Your Building Weigh, Mr. Foster?

Loos Ornamental

Films about Architecture:

Kochuu [film about contemporary Japanese architecture]

The Pruitt-Igoe Myth [about the Pruitt-Igoe housing complex in St. Louis]

Unfinished Spaces [About Cuba’s National Art Schools Project]

Urbanized [about the design of cities]

Visual Acoustics [about the photographer Julius Shulman]

Great Expectations [general architecture]

I’d like to make a shoutout to my colleague Thomas Bena, whose film about McMansions, One Big Home, is making the film circuit now. I’ve seen the movie and will be writing a review on this blog in the coming weeks. In short: go see it if you can!!!

Websites

Architecture News / Popular Websites:

Curbed

Dwell

Dezeen

ArchDaily

Architizer

Wallpaper*

FastCo Design

CityLab

Architonic

Domus

Archinect

Inhabitat

Blogs:

Life of an Architect

Life of an Architecture Student

Build Blog

Soapbox Architect

My Favorite Websites:

99 Percent Invisible (disclaimer: I write for them)

Archinform - an online encyclopedia of architecture

Monoskop - a huge database of amazing archival resources for architecture and design.

Arts & Architecture database

US Modernist Magazine Library - incredible collection of primary sources from modernism

Docomomo (preservation of modernist architecture)

Failed Architecture (analyzing failure in architecture)

Places Journal (my favorite online journal)

Emporis (it has every tall building!)

On Tumblr

Tumblr seems to have killed my links. This is devastating.

Like McMansion Hell:

@uglybelgianhouses - the best, really the best. @terriblerealestateagentphotos

General Architecture: @architecture-drawings @archidrawings @archatlas @archidose @archimaps @archiclassic @architecturalmodels @an-architectural-statement @conceptarchitect @rationalistarchitecture @wherearchitectureisfun @archivemodernarchitecture @luciotuzza @drawingarchitecture @dailybungalow @victorianhouses @ofhouses @architorturedsouls

Modern Architecture: @20cmodern @fuckyeahbrutalism @architectureofdoom @modernism-in-metroland @theimportanceofbeingmodernist @modernistestates @germanpostwarmodern @decoarchitecture @englishmodernism @midcenturymodernhomes @bauhaus-movement @artfuckingdeco @iheartnouveau @sosbrutalism @americanmodern

Postmodernism: @aqqindex @palmandlaser (these two blogs were why I got a tumblr) @memphis-milano @80sdeco @blockygraphics @thetriumphofpostmodernism

Vintage Stuff: @midcenturymoderndesign - mid century modernism @scanzen - an assortment of cool stuff @midcenturyblog - mid century stuff @superseventies - 70s @cardboardamerica -vintage postcards @theswinginsixties - 60s @70sscifiart - 70s Sci Fi Art @driveintheaterofthemind - great vintage blog @80stechnology - 80s tech @imperialgoogie - the 50s @ephemera-phile - old print stuff from various eras @heck-yeah-old-tech - old technology @quadrafonica - vintage hifi @homophoni - also vintage hifi @holespoles - all kinds of stuff @system32dreams - 80s/90s tech @monochrome-monitor - 80s/90s tech @beautifulcentury - 1890s-1910s @oldadvertising - vintage ads @back-then - amazing photographs from history @fifties-sixties-everyday-life - 50s/60s @y2kaestheticinstitute - turn of the 21st century @lpcoverlover - record covers @classical-vinyl - my first tumblr (I comment as classical-vinyl, fyi)

Favorite Architecture Photographers:

@phdonohue @archivemodernarchitecture @archivemoderninteriors @veronicadelica @new-brutalism @wmud

Design/Art/People Who Consistently Post Awesome Things: @archiveofaffinities @zeroing @design-is-fine (one of my favs ever) @c86 @norequeststaken @scavengedluxury (another fav) @99percentinvisible @magictransistor @transistoradio @klappersacks @designstroy @ffactory @instereo007 @contac @publicdomainreview @detailsofpaintings @modernizor @nemfrog @bluecote @graphicgraphic

Visual Artists I Like: @sunday-thought @jimharrisart @jacobvanloon @michaelwardartist

Also shoutout to @maverick-ornithography who is not only hilarious, but who was also my first ever follower, so now I’m returning the favor.

I hope you all enjoyed this post! Next up is Florida on Wednesday, so stay tuned! I’ll finish up Great Britain after that; I’m currently reading books on British vernacular architecture and its history so I’m more informed. I barely dodged some bullets in that last post and had to go back and correct a lot…

Have a great week!

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awesomecolorfulcollectorwombat · 7 years ago

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The AT&T Time Warner Merger Provides The Single Greatest Lesson For 21st Century Business: Yes, That's Your Business

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The AT&T Time Warner Merger Provides The Single Greatest Lesson For 21st Century Business: Yes, That's Your Business

In his book, Rules of Thumb, Alan Weber provided a series of 52 rules he’d learned from life. #24 was, “If you want to change the game, change the economics of how the game is played.”

This past Tuesday Judge Richard J. Leon of the United States District Court in Washington sent a clear signal that the economics of how the game is played have changed, when he gave the go ahead for the AT&T Time Warner merger.

The short story is this. The DOJ was opposed to the AT&T Time Warner merger because it believed that it would not have been to the benefit of consumers. This is based on the simple premise that the more choices there are in a market the greater the likelihood of innovation, fair pricing, and diverse options for the consumer.

According to an article in the New York Times, Judge Leon’s opinion was that the “Justice Department had not proved that the telecom company’s acquisition of Time Warner would lead to fewer choices for consumers and higher prices for television and internet services.”

Seems simple enough, right? But there’s much more to this worth paying attention to. Because the rules that have changed aren’t the obvious ones of how AT&T and Time Warner play but a whole ‘nother set of players who are defining their own rules.

You Can’t Handle The Truth

Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony on the hill several weeks ago gave us all cause for concern when it comes to our legislators’ knowledge of technology. I had so wished that at any of the dozen or so times he was asked, “So, exactly how does Facebook make money?” Zuck would have just said, with a straight face, “You Can’t handle the Truth!”

“But in fairness to Mr. Goldberg, at least his contraptions would normally move a pea from one side of a room to another.”

In stark contrast Judge Leon’s depth of knowledge, insight, vision, and ability to clearly articulate the massive changes at play due to technology, had me shouting hallelujah in the hallway!

This was a massive case. The trial transcript is more than 4,300 pages long, and Judge Leon’s opinion is a whopping 172 pages. I’m convinced that it will be one of the most read cases in business school classrooms for years to come. Not because of its legal prowess, but rather its portrayal of a post-industrial era attitude towards competition.

Although it contains some of the most enlightening and entertaining commentary that you’re likely to find in any court’s opinion, including such gems as the term “Poppycock,” it also makes it clear that this case was not just a matter of legal technicalities but rather foundational differences between old and the new ways of doing business.

That was evident in my favorite of Judge Leon’s comments. He compared the antiquated and ridiculously complex financial models presented by the DOJ to a Rube Goldberg device. After which, he went on to say, “But in fairness to Mr. Goldberg, at least his contraptions would normally move a pea from one side of a room to another.”

It’s all very entertaining, however something dramatic is also at play that cuts to the very foundation of the free market. And it’s something that will undoubtedly challenge the most basic assumptions that we’ve used to define what constitutes healthy competition, how businesses operate, and what is ultimately in the best interest of the consumer.

Going Vertical

First, it’s worth taking a moment to describe the difference between a vertical and a horizontal merger.

A horizontal merger is between competing companies that most often represent alternative options for a consumer and are therefore driven, independently, to provide the best value. Horizontal mergers are frowned upon in a free market when they significantly reduce the positive effect of competition. We all get this cornerstone of free markets.

Vertical merges are between companies that are at different points within the same supply chain. For example, one company manufacturers products and then merges with a separate company that distributes them.

In both types of mergers, the objectives of the companies merging are to achieve higher levels of efficiency, lower costs, and greater profit. Nothing at all wrong with that. The problems set in when the merger takes the option of choice away from the consumer and/or puts the merged company in a position where they can exert monopolistic power over pricing.

The history of regulation governing mergers is fascinating. It was spurred by the industrial trusts of the late 19th Century and the later monopolies created through mergers in the early 20th Century. There were political. labor, and economic concerns over so much concentrated power. But this was mostly true for horizontal mergers.

Vertical integration however, was eventually shunned by corporations themselves under the premise that if everyone in a supply chain could focus on their core competency overall innovation and quality would rise, and inefficiencies would be driven out.

“You here a lot about digital disruption, right? Well, this is exactly what it looks like!”

That began to makes sense when the basics of an information sharing infrastructure were put into place through telecommunications and transportation infrastructure of hte early 20th Century. And it worked exceptionally well for the first hundred years.

Interestingly, it was technology that drove and enabled the shift to vertical disintegration. In fact, a very early conversation I had with management guru Peter Drucker, I asked him what he thought was the greatest single shift in business during the 20th Century. His answer was the shift from control through ownership to control through strategy and the shift from delivering products to delivering services. This, according to Drucker, was the result of technological advances in how we work across businesses to build common strategies.

So, how does all this play into the AT&T Time Warner Merger? Clearly, when it comes to content Time Warner has a treasure trove of properties, including HBO, Turner, TNT, CNN, Cartoon Network, and Warner Bros. AT&T has none of that. But AT&T does have control over the fastest growing platform for content consumption, mobile networks. Combined they seem to be purely complimentary.

There’s also fair precedent for many other vertical mergers of this sort, including Comcast and NBC Universal, Oracle and Sun, Google and Double-click, and Disney and Pixar.

Why then would the DOJ oppose this particular merger? Because, they are operating under an old industrial era economic model in which companies could achieve adequate vertical integration to meet the demands of the market and to compete on a global stage.

No longer.

You here a lot about digital disruption, right? Well, this is exactly what it looks like! Owning the network or owning the content alone isn’t enough. And the reason is fascinating.

Today’s marketplace is wildly different and it’s creating some of the most perverse relationships between companies–what Ken Auletta calls Frenemies, in the book by the same name.

Consider that Amazon which competes with digital media companies through its in-house produced original TV content, such as The Tick, also stores the content for its competitors’ TV series on its cloud storage. That would be like buying critical product from a competitor who you are also suing because they are stealing intellectual property from you. Oh, wait, that’s what Apple and Samsung have been doing for years.

In fact, according to a New York Post article, despite handing over a half billon dollars to Apple for patent infringement, Samsung makes more off of the components it provides to Apple for iPhone X than it does from its own Galaxy S8!

The point here is that in today’s global markets supply chains are so intertwined and inter-reliant that in many cases the formality of a merger is just that. Sort of like the difference between cohabitating with a domestic partner and being married. Set aside religion for a moment, it’s a legal construct for economic benefit and convenience.

Whoever Owns The Behavior Wins

The one aspect of the AT&T Time Warner merger that should act as wake up call (or more like a fire alarm) to virtually every industrial era company is something that I talk about a great deal in my latest book, Revealing The Invisible. Judge Leon specifically pointed out that traditional media companies are at a distinct disadvantage when it comes to the erosion of their revenue streams from advertising.

In what has to be one of the court’s most cutting observations, Leon observed that while yesterday’s advertising players were media giants, today’s are vendors of hardware, technology, email, and social networking. He went on to point out that it’s these same companies who can, through behavioral marketing, so finely target their audience that they can deliver both advertising and content that is infinitely better suited to the consumer’s preferences than any traditional media company.

In many ways what he was saying is that the industrial era model of business, mass marketing, billboard advertising, and ultimately faceless consumerism is on life support. Whoever owns the behavioral data owns the market. It’s that simple.

But the way, I see shades of this in many other areas as well. Musk is pushing Tesla towards ever greater vertical integration. In some cases that’s overt, such as owning their car dealerships and shunning any sort of traditional marketing. In other cases its subtle, such as collocating their battery supplier manufacturing and R&D under the same roof as the rest of their manufacturing at the Tesla Giga factory. In every case Tesla is using behavioral data across a tightly vertically integrated supply chain to create what will be an incredibly personalized experience.

So, what’s all this pointing towards? Simply that the rate at which companies need to innovate today and coordinate across their supply chains is impossible without ownership and access to deep behavioral data about the customer.

Of course, none of this is a prediction of success for the merger between AT&T and Time Warner. Whether two businesses that are both facing huge challenges can achieve the economies of scale needed to overcome those same challenges when combined is something I do not hold out much hope for over the long term. AT&T has the data from its mobile users if it can figure out what to do, and if it will be tied through regulation in what not to do with it, are entirely separate and unanswered questions.

To me the most valuable lesson in all of this is that we are at an inflection point between the industrial era models that served us so well to scale and meet the needs of a burgeoning market of consumers to the hyper-personalized behavioral models needed to meet the demands of an insatiable appetite for personalized innovation.

You can play by the old rules or try to figure out the new ones; all that’s sure is that the rules of the game have indeed changed.

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