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envertis · 3 months

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Odoo 17 has a very strong accounting module that works really well with other main features of the system. This close connection helps make financial tasks easier and ensures that data is accurate throughout your business. Millions of businesses of different sizes and industries have already invested in Odoo ERP development to streamline their processes, mainly their accounting tasks.

Features of Odoo 17 Accounting Software

Customers Menu:

Invoice: You can create an invoice by choosing the customer, setting the reference, invoice date, payment terms, journal, and company. Then, select the product and finalise the invoice.

Credit Notes: These are documents issued by you (the vendor) to your customer, usually for returns or corrections on a previous invoice.

Receipts: This option lets you record the payments you receive from customers and update the accounting records.

Payments: Here, you can choose the type of payment for your customer, like cash, check, or credit.

Follow-up Reports: In many businesses, sales and purchases are often on credit. It’s important to collect these payments on time. Odoo ERP helps you identify customers with overdue payments and provides reports to follow up with them.

Products: You can create new products or view existing ones that you sell.

Customers: You can add new customers or view details of existing ones.

Vendors Menu:

Bill: You can create a new bill from a vendor, including details like the reference number, bill date, and more.

Refund: A refund is money returned from the original recipient (vendor) to the original payer (you).

Receipts: This is where you record receipts from vendors.

Payments: You can record payments made to your vendors.

Products: You can add new products or view the ones you purchase from vendors.

Vendors: You can add new vendors or view details of existing ones.

Accounting Menu:

Miscellaneous:

Journal Entries: This section includes all the financial records for every transaction within the company.

Journals:

Sales: Here, you can see all the records related to your sales, including details about the partners, invoice numbers, products in each invoice, and the amounts debited or credited.

Purchases: This section allows you to create and view all the purchase records for your organisation.

Bank & Cash: This displays all the records related to your bank and cash transactions.

Ledgers:

General Ledger: This shows all the financial transactions in your organisation, detailing every analysed account.

Partner Ledger: This ledger displays the current open balances with any customer or vendor.

Management:

Automatic Transfer: Here, you can set up automatic transfers for regular expenses, like monthly rent or yearly liabilities.

Assets: This helps you keep track of your fixed assets, such as machinery, land, and buildings.

Deferred Revenue: This section handles payments received in advance, which the company hasn’t yet earned.

Deferred Expenses: This is for expenses that the company has paid in advance but hasn’t yet used.

Action:

Reconciliation: This feature allows you to match payments to the corresponding invoices, ensuring that everything is correctly recorded.

Reporting Menu:

Generic Statements:

Profit and Loss: This report shows all your income and expenses over a certain period, giving you a clear picture of your profitability.

Balance Sheet: This statement shows what your company owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and the value left for shareholders (equity) at a specific point in time.

Executive Summary: This is a summary of your business plans and key financial reports, providing a quick overview of your company’s financial health.

Cash Flow Statement: This report explains how changes in your balance sheet and income affect your cash flow. It shows how money moves in and out of your business.

Partners Reports:

Partner Ledger: Here, you can see all the journal entries that have been posted, organised by partner (customer or vendor).

Aged Receivables: This report helps you check the financial health of your customers. It categorises receivables (money owed to you) based on how long they have been outstanding, helping you track overdue invoices.

Aged Payables: This report reminds you which invoices you owe are overdue for payment, helping you manage your payables efficiently.

Audit Reports: This includes several detailed financial reports:

General Ledger: A comprehensive list of all your financial transactions.

Trial Balance: A summary that ensures all your credits and debits are balanced.

Consolidated Journals: A combined report of all your journals.

Tax Reports: Details of all your tax transactions and liabilities.

Journal Audit: A review of your journal entries to ensure accuracy and compliance.

Assets Report: A detailed report on your company’s fixed assets.

Configurations Menu:

Invoicing:

Payment Terms: Set the conditions under which your customers should pay their invoices, such as due dates and installment plans.

Taxes: Manage the various taxes applicable to your sales and purchases.

Fiscal Positions: Adjust taxes and accounts for specific customers or regions.

Journal: Configure different journals for recording transactions.

Follow-up Level: Set up reminders and actions for following up on overdue invoices.

Payments:

Add a Bank Account: Set up new bank accounts for handling payments.

Bank Accounts: Manage and view all your existing bank accounts.

Saved Payment Data: Store and manage payment information for future transactions.

Payment Icons: Customise icons representing different payment methods.

Payment Transactions: Track and manage all your payment transactions.

Accounting:

Chart of Accounts: Define and manage the list of all accounts used in your company’s general ledger.

Journal Groups: Organise different journals into groups for better management.

Product Categories: Categorse products for accounting purposes.

Reconciliation Models: Set up models to simplify the process of matching payments with invoices.

Account Tags: Create tags to categorise and filter accounts.

Account Group: Group similar accounts together for reporting purposes.

Asset Models: Manage models for tracking your fixed assets like machinery and buildings.

Deferred Revenue Models: Set up models for managing revenue that is received in advance.

Deferred Expense Models: Set up models for managing expenses that are paid in advance.

Management:

Tax Report: Generate and manage reports for all tax-related transactions.

Financial Reports: Create and manage various financial reports to monitor your company’s financial health.

Some more exceptional features of the Odoo ERP 17 Accounting module are:

Auto extract PDFs only: This feature focuses on automatically prioritising PDF attachments when creating invoices from emails for both sales and purchase records. It’s a highly requested feature in Odoo’s accounting system.

Auto-reconcile feature: A new tool has been introduced to automatically match transactions. This makes Odoo ERP more efficient for accounting and bookkeeping.

Bank reconciliation layout: The bank reconciliation interface has been updated for better clarity. You can now easily edit, delete, and print bank statements directly from the widget. Dashboard links and audit features have also been improved.

Bank statement PDF report layout: The design of the bank statement PDF reports has been cleaned up for easier analysis, making Odoo a top choice for accounting software.

Bills artificial intelligence: Odoo now always predicts taxes and accounts on vendor bill lines using AI. Product prediction can be turned on in the settings, making Odoo a standout in accounting software.

Branches management: You can now manage multiple business units or branches through a multi-company hierarchy, making Odoo easy to use for complex businesses.

Credit and debit note buttons: The invoice action buttons have been simplified. The debit notes option has been moved to the action menu. Odoo is also highly customisable and is one of the top cloud-based accounting software options.

Cross analytic: You can input data on multiple analytic plans for cross-reporting, a crucial feature for detailed accounting and bookkeeping.

Credit limit improvement: Confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now included in a partner’s total receivables. This helps better manage credit limits by considering all pending amounts.

Revenue report: The report allows you to audit deferred amounts, showing any differences between theoretical and actual entries, indicating if manual adjustments are needed.

Deferred management: Managing deferred revenues and expenses is now separated from assets, allowing you to create them without pre-setting deferred models. This makes Odoo even more versatile.

Delivery date: Invoices now have a standard field for the delivery date, enhancing Odoo’s functionality as a top accounting software.

Down payment and POS: The tax and account details on down payment invoices remain consistent, whether they are created through the Point of Sale system or the Sales App.

Down payments tax breakdown: The tax breakdown on down payment invoices now aligns with the original sales order, ensuring accuracy in financial records.

Now let’s see how Odoo 17 connects its Accounting module with other module of the ERP:

1. Manufacturing:

Production Orders: When you create a production order, Odoo’s Accounting module automatically records the use of raw materials and work-in-progress.

Bills of Materials (BOMs): The costs of materials listed in the BOM are factored into the production order’s cost calculations, affecting the accounting records.

Manufacturing Completed: When production orders are completed, journal entries are made for finished goods inventory and production overhead costs.

2. Inventory:

Purchase Orders: Confirming a purchase order creates a record of what you owe (accounts payable). Receiving goods adds them to inventory and updates accounts payable.

Delivery Orders: When you move goods out of inventory for sales or internal use, journal entries are made reflecting the change in inventory and related costs.

Inventory Adjustments: Any changes to inventory levels, like write-offs or adjustments, are recorded in the accounting module.

3. Payroll:

Salary Calculations: Payroll processing generates entries for salaries, deductions, and employer contributions.

Payslips: Employee payslips detail earnings and deductions, which are recorded in the accounting module.

4. Sales:

Sales Orders: Confirmed sales orders create entries for customer receivables and deferred revenue.

Delivery Orders: When goods are delivered against sales orders, entries reflect changes in inventory and customer receivables.

Invoices: Creating invoices records sales revenue and customer receivables. Customer payments update bank and receivable accounts.

5. Purchase:

Purchase Orders: Confirmed purchase orders generate entries for accounts payable. Receiving goods updates inventory and accounts payable.

Bills: Recording bills from vendors updates accounts payable and relevant expense accounts. Paying bills updates bank and payable accounts.

How These Links Create Journal Entries?

Each action in these modules triggers predefined accounting rules in Odoo ERP.

These rules automatically generate journal entries, updating the relevant accounts based on Odoo’s chart of accounts.

Benefits of Odoo Accounting Integration:

Real-time Data: Accounting records reflect real-time data from all connected modules, reducing manual data entry and errors.

Accurate Reporting: Automated financial reports provide a clear view of your financial health.

Improved Efficiency: Streamlined workflows and automated entries save time and resources for your accounting team.

Click here to also know about

“Explore the Features and Benefits of the Odoo Inventory Management Software”

Wrapping Up

Odoo 17’s Accounting module serves as the central hub, integrating seamlessly with other functions to automate financial processes, ensure accuracy, and support informed decision-making.

Being an official Odoo gold partner in Australia, we at Envertis, ensure to offer comprehensive Odoo ERP development services for various business needs. We have successfully completed numerous ERP projects for startups and small-to-medium businesses worldwide. For more information, contact us at [email protected]

#odoo #odoo development company #odoo development australia #odoo erp development #erp #odoo erp #odoo erp software #odoo implementation #odoo implementation company #odoo development

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harbourfronttechnologies · 2 years

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Finance Lease: Definition, Journal Entry, Accounting Treatment, vs Operating Lease, Example

A lease is a contractual agreement between two parties. The lessor is the party that grants the use of an asset or property to another party, also known as the lessee. Usually, the lease agreement also includes other terms, for example, the duration, payment schedule, ownership, etc. In accounting, leases may fall into two categories, finance, and operating.

In the past, accounting standards required a series of checks to classify leases. After changes in those standards, most lease agreements fall under a finance lease. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what it is.

What is a Finance Lease?

A finance lease is a type of lease agreement where the lessee assumes ownership of the underlying asset. Traditionally, this lease included contracts where the lessee reaps most of the rewards associated with that asset. Similarly, if they bear the risks associated with the leased asset, it constitutes a finance lease. However, new accounting standards do not have these requirements.

In the newer standards, most lease agreements that last longer than 12 months fall under finance leases. Therefore, the accounting definition of a finance lease under the new standard includes long-term lease agreements. Companies use this type of lease for machinery, plant, vehicles, and real estate. It is a type of finance that companies utilize to obtain long-term assets.

What is the accounting for Finance Lease?

The accounting treatment for a finance lease requires the lessee to assume they have purchased the asset and taken on debt to pay for it. This accounting treatment goes with the essence of this lease agreement, which is primarily a type of financing. Nonetheless, this accounting treatment is complex and may require several calculations, including amortization.

For finance leases, companies must recognize the leased asset based on the present value of minimum lease payments. The amount after discounting those payments over the lease term constitutes the value of the asset obtained. It is also the amount for which the company must create a lease liability. Companies must further divide this liability into current and non-current portions.

Over time, companies must continue recognizing payments against the lease liability as per the repayment schedule. These payments get divided into their individual principal and interest portions. Usually, this process occurs at the end of each accounting period. Simultaneously, the company must keep depreciating the asset under the applicable accounting standards.

What is the journal entry for Finance Lease?

The first step in the accounting treatment for a finance lease is the journal entry at its initial recognition. As stated above, the amount for this entry comes by discounting the minimum lease payments over the lease term. Once calculated, the journal entry at initial recognition is as below.

Dr Asset Cr Finance lease

Over time, the company must keep amortizing the finance lease. As stated above, it involves dividing the payment into its interest and principal portions. Consequently, the journal entry would be as follows.

Dr Finance lease (principal portion) Dr Interest expense Cr Bank or Cash

This process will also include depreciating the asset at the end of each period. The journal entry to record depreciation is as follows.

Dr Depreciation Cr Accumulated depreciation

Conclusion

A finance lease is a type of lease agreement companies use to acquire assets. Essentially, it is a financing method for long-term assets. It differs from operating leases which are usually short-term. The accounting for finance leases involves various stages. This treatment results in an asset and a liability recognized in the balance sheet.

Originally Published Here: Finance Lease: Definition, Journal Entry, Accounting Treatment, vs Operating Lease, Example

from Harbourfront Technologies - Feed https://harbourfronts.com/finance-lease/

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manicpanicpixienightmare · 2 years

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I wanna buy this SO bad I am delirious with lust.

So.ck.

#i should not buy antiques that may or may not work #i should not buy antique machinery that i can not see #I should not get into a bidding war on shopgiodwill.com at 1:30 am #i should not purchase a circular sock machine LITERALLY 2 hours after learning they exist #and yet…#knitting #the pumpkin speaks #the real journal entry is in the tags

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itoss · 2 years

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SAP Business One for Retail Industry – SAP B1 Retail Solution for Small to Mid-size Business

SAP Business One ERP for Retail can help you start or enhance your retail digital transformation – no matter where you are in your journey. If you have yet to move to cloud ERP, you can get started with SAP B1 for Retail. It‘s time to go digital if you already have cloud ERP – from SAP or any other vendor – you can enhance your retail capabilities with our industry cloud solutions. SAP Business One for Retail is used by prominent retailers to manage their entire business most importantly point of sales (POS) insights. POS solution has built-in flexibility to offer single or multi-site and single or multi-terminal capability and all retail operations. SAP Business One Retail has several other key features that will streamline your business and keep your competitors on their toes. SAP Inventory Management is an optimal solution for SMBs to carry out their end-to-end business solutions. SAP B1 has utmost efficiency by controlling financial and supply chain cycles at any time. Following functions are covered in Retail business by SAP Business One Solution:

• Opportunity to Cash • Assets Management • Inventory Management • Customer Relationship Management • Business Partner [OEM and Supplier] Management • Financing and Accounting: Profitability Optimization • Marketing, Sales and Service Support • E-commerce Management SAP Business One is a unique and powerful ERP solution to manage your entire business, developed especially to fulfill the industry-specific requirements of SMEs. The software supports customization to extreme levels like, you can speed transactions and improve visibility into cash flow. It automates everyday accounting tasks by integrating financial operations in real-time with other business processes, such as purchasing, sales, maintaining ledger and journal entries, supporting tax calculations, enabling multicurrency transactions, and much more. With SAP Business One ERP Solution you can conduct all your banking activities – including processing bank statements and payments, as well as reconciling accounts and managing your entire business operation from a single platform. ITOSS Solutions provides end-to-end detailing, implementation, and support for the SAP® Business One® ERP Solution, the affordable ERP, which is fully capable of addressing current as well as future requirements of business process automation – digital transformation. ITOSS Solutions is a rapidly growing Information Technology-driven Best SAP Business One Partner in Delhi (NCR), offering business solutions to clients spanning a range of industry verticals including Machinery & Equipment, Manufacturing, Retail, Dairy Industry, Automotive, Hi-Tech Industries, Pharmaceuticals, Insurance, Education, Legal Services, Electricity Utility, Trading, and others. ITOSS Solutions is an SAP Awarded best in class partner for SAP B1 implementation based in Delhi (NCR), successfully supporting customers all over India.

#ERP #Solutions #sap business one #SAP Business One for Manufacturers #SAP Business One Partner in India #SAP Business One ERP Solution #SAP Business One partner

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wetsteve3 · 4 years

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In the Autumn of 1910, an unusual machine called the Deluxe appeared in the ‘Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal.’ From Cleveland, Ohio, the machine was conceived as something more substantial than a motorcycle – in fact, it was advertised as a two-wheeled car. The design and construction was unconventional even for the wild early days of motorcycling, with hub-center steering and a steering wheel for the driver, and a pair of outrigger wheels that were retracted with a hand lever. The engine was a large flat-twin resting beneath the driver’s padded bucket chair, and the whole machine was enclosed in typically automotive pressed-steel bodywork.

A few months later, the machine reappeared as the Militaire at the Toronto Motorcycle Show, and a few problems were evident with the design. The heavy water-cooled flat-twin engine was placed inline with the frame, with the rear cylinder beside the rear wheel, throwing the center of gravity radically off to the right, and making the outrigger wheels necessary at low speeds. A curtain was drawn on the Militaire for a year, when a completely redesigned machine from the Militaire Auto Company was revealed in 1912.The new Militaire retained the hub-center steering of the original, but now featured a single-cylinder 29 cu-in. (480cc) F-head motor below the steering column (and steering wheel), with a flat space behind the motor for the rider’s feet. The engine was turned with its crankshaft 90 degrees to the chassis, and connected by shaft and a friction clutch to the rear of the machine, where the driveline turned again through 90 degrees to drive the rear wheel by chain. That rear wheel was sprung on an elaborate swingarm and leaf-spring arrangement, which also carried the outrigger wheels. The driver sat in a comfortable bucket seat, while the engine and entire driveline was totally shrouded in sheetmetal, and cooled by a large fan enclosed beneath the driver’s seat. The center of gravity was very low, giving a stable ride, but the overall effect was too unorthodox for most motorcyclists’ tastes, which have always been conservative and bicycle-frame-friendly. Not many sold.

In 1914, the business was reorganized as the Champion Motor Car Company of St. Louis, Missouri. A new machine, the Champion, was introduced with an 11 HP (68 cu-in. – 1114cc) four-cylinder F-head motor, a three-speed transmission plus reverse shifted from a car-type lever emerging from the ‘floor,’ and a shaft final drive. The seat was now a saddle on a very long stem, which permitted a large variation in seat height. Perhaps the most unusual feature of this machine, now that the rider is used to a steering wheel, etc., is the cast steel frame, which did double duty as the sump for the four-cylinder engine, as well as the forward arms for the steering system. With few sales still, the business was purchased by N.R. Sinclair, reorganized as the Militaire once again, and production was shifted to Buffalo, New York. Sinclair redesigned the chassis, swapping out the steering wheel for a set of conventional handlebars, and ditched the sump-cum-frame for an underslung steel chassis, more akin to automotive practice. The overall length equaled the pre-1916 Henderson at 65 inches, and perhaps the Militaire was unique in the motorcycle world for using wooden-spoked ‘artillery’ wheels, carrying automotive 3-inch by 28-inch clincher tires.

Sinclair’s dream burst in 1917, and the design was sold to the Militor Corporation of New Jersey, who seemed to think the name might bode well with America’s entry into World War I, even though the machine was totally unsuitable for the muddy fields of Flanders. Still, a few were sold to the military, but it wasn’t enough to keep the business afloat, and by 1920 the design had passed through two more owners (Knox Motors of Springfield and the Bullard Machine Tool Co. of Bridgeport). That 1920 version had an OHV four-cylinder motor of 87.5 cu-in. (1434cc), which was impressive indeed, but the machine needed development work to cure persistent faults. But it was a dream that few wanted at the time, although that has changed in retrospect. Fans of unusual American machinery, and four-cylinder motorcycles especially, have taken the Militaire and its many iterations to heart, and it has become intensely collectible.

This 1915 Militaire Model 2 has been meticulously restored. It was purchased at the Harrah's 1985 Auction as Lot #70, and includes all documentation.55

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linhgd9 · 3 years

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Convex Milling Cutter Market to Show Incredible Growth by 2026 Covid-19 Analysis | Toolmex, KEO Cutters, Whitney Tool, ZPS-FN, CR Tools

“The Convex Milling Cutter market report 5 Years forecast 2021-2026 focuses on the COVID19 Outbreak Impact analysis of key points influencing the growth of the market.

The Convex Milling Cutter Market is expected to surge at a steady CAGR in the coming years. The publication offers an insightful take on the historical data of the market and the milestones it has achieved. The report also includes an assessment of current market trends and dynamics, which helps in mapping the trajectory of the global Convex Milling Cutter market. Analysts have used Porter’s five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to explain the various elements of the market in absolute detail. Furthermore, it also studies the socio-economic factors, political changes, and environmental norms that are likely to affect the global Convex Milling Cutter market.

A recent market study published by Report Hive Research discusses the current and future prospects of the Convex Milling Cutter market. Further, the report includes an in-depth COVID-19 pandemic analysis and various factors that are likely to control the growth trajectory of the Convex Milling Cutter market in the upcoming years. In addition, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the various market segments is enclosed in the report and accurately represented in the form of tables, graphs, and figures. In addition, the information has analysed with the help of primary as well as secondary research methodologies to offer a holistic view of the target market. Likewise, the Convex Milling Cutter Market report offers an in-house analysis of global economic conditions and related economic factors and indicators to evaluate their impact on the Convex Milling Cutter Market historically.

The Convex Milling Cutter market study published in the report is in a chapter-wise format to ease of the readability and complexity of the data covered. Each chapter is further categorized into its respective segments containing well-structured data. The competitive scenario displayed includes major market player details such as, company profile, end-user demand, import/export volume, sales data, etc. The report also covers the business strategies applied by different players, which will be a great addition for smart business decisions.

Request for Sample with Complete TOC and Figures & Graphs @

This study covers following key players:

Toolmex, KEO Cutters, Whitney Tool, ZPS-FN, CR Tools, Maxwell Tools, ADDISON, Smithy Tools, NeuhÃ¤user, Sandvik, Acutec Machining Solutions, Kyocera Precision Tools, ZJ Cutting Tools Manufacturing, J. K. Industrial, Seco Tools, Chian Seng Machinery Tool, Geeta Machine Tools, Zhenjiang Scharp Machinery Tools

Essential Findings of the Report

Factors that are likely to impede the growth of the Convex Milling Cutter market over the forecast period

Competition analysis that provides intricate details related to the business prospects of leading market players

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Convex Milling Cutter market

Y-o-Y growth of each market segment

Pricing strategies of various market players in the Convex Milling Cutter market

The report is a mindful assortment of vital factors that lend versatile cues on market size and growth traits, besides also offering an in-depth section on opportunity mapping as well as barrier analysis, thus encouraging report readers to incur growth in global Convex Milling Cutter Market. This detailed report on Convex Milling Cutter Market largely focuses on prominent facets such as product portfolio, payment channels, service offerings, applications, in addition to technological sophistication. All the notable Convex Milling Cutter Market specific dimensions are studied and analysed at length in the report to arrive at conclusive insights. Apart from highlighting these vital realms, the report also includes critical understanding on notable developments and growth estimation across regions at a global context in this report on Convex Milling Cutter Market.

Besides these aforementioned factors and attributes of the Convex Milling Cutter Market, this report specifically decodes notable findings and concludes on innumerable factors and growth stimulating decisions that make this Convex Milling Cutter Market a highly profitable. A thorough take on essential elements such as drivers, threats, challenges, opportunities are thoroughly assessed and analysed to arrive at logical conclusions. Additionally, a dedicated section on regional overview of the Convex Milling Cutter Market is also included in the report to identify lucrative growth hubs. These leading players are analysed at length, complete with their product portfolio and company profiles to decipher crucial market findings.

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into:

6 Teeth 8 Teeth 10 Teeth

Market segment by Application, split into:

Quartercircular Cutting Halfcircular Cutting

The report also lists ample correspondence about significant analytical practices and industry specific documentation such as SWOT and PESTEL analysis to guide optimum profits in Convex Milling Cutter Market. In addition to all of these detailed Convex Milling Cutter Market specific developments, the report sheds light on dynamic segmentation based on which Convex Milling Cutter Market has been systematically split into prominent segments encompassing type, application, technology, as well as region specific segmentation of the Convex Milling Cutter Market.

Some Major TOC Points:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application … Continued

The research team projects that the Convex Milling Cutter market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 50 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

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intqbooks · 2 months

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Bookkeeping for Beginners: 6 Basic Concepts to Get You Started

Business owners know why it is important to have records of all small and big transactions and why having clear knowledge of such transactions for their formats, way of recording, its impact on accounts and more. It is essential to know bookkeeping and its principles to ensure record transparency for business growth.

Don’t get confused for debits, credits, double entry and more. We have come up with this unique and easy-to-digest guide to help you understand bookkeeping and have bookkeeping tips for beginners.

Clear concepts and principles make it easy to adapt bookkeeping as per your needs and ensure transparency in your business.

The accounting equation

This is the most basic concept you need to understand as the business works in a manner to balance the two sides’ income and expense to ensure records are maintained for all transactions that occurred during the given financial year.

A clear accounting equation lets you know and understand what to record and what to categorise as debit, credit and other entries in a journal to have a proper balance sheet. It makes the bookkeeping easy.

Assets =Liabilities+Ownerr’s equity Machine, equipment, money=Bills, salary, credit+Owner’s investment in business

Always remember that, in any case, both sides of the equation try to balance each other, and the balanced equation after recording transactions in the bookkeeping ensures that transactions are recorded as they occurred.

Example: Purchasing machinery for a factory via a bank loan raises the asset and liability, and thus the owner’s equity decreases to maintain the equation.

The same can be understood as the rise in the debt and interest via loan reduces the leftover profit amount known as owner’s equity to balance the equation.

Chart of accounts

The chart of accounts is even essential for beginner small business basic bookkeeping because it includes the set of accounts or categories in which the majority of business transactions and financial activities and transactions are recorded.

Imagining yourself to purchase goods from vendors, purchasing loans, and selling goods on credit and vice versa, making investments, savings, bonds and more. In bookkeeping, all of these need to be recorded, and the chart of accounts shows the headings in which all of these transactions and activities are recorded.

These account chart Shows common headings used for bookkeeping

Accounts categories

Description

Assets

This includes owned things such as equipment, machines, infrastructure, accounts receivable, etc.

Liabilities

It includes the cost to the company which is remaining to be paid such as debts, loans, tax payable, accounts payable, etc.

Owner’s equity

Owner’s capital and drawings

Revenue

Income from different sources such as investment and sales.

Expenses

Cost to the company such as rent, salary, raw material, etc.

Inventory

It is inventory, finished goods, and goods in progress which are stored.

Depreciation

It is the cost related to a decrease in value from long-term usage.

Accounts: Debits and Credits

Debit and credit is a very old concept and is the major reason for headaches for business owners and accountants, though it is quite simple. Let’s see.

Debit: This is the amount which is received or which is to be received though it is perceived differently for different accounts such as it increases for assets and expenses and decreases for owner’s equity and liability.

Credit: It raises your liability and owner’s equity and decreases the assets and expenses. It is the amount which your business owes to others.

Accounting tips for beginners are to consider debit as money coming in, and credit as money flowing out from business.

Assets & Expenses

Liabilities & owner’s equity

Debit

Credit

The double-entry system

It is one of the important concepts for bookkeeping for beginners since it makes the bookkeeping accurate it shows how each transaction affects two entries or accounts where one always increases and the other one always decreases.

It is the best way to cross-check the transactions and the recordings done for accuracy. It is very important for you as an individual or your accountant to understand what two related transactions will be affected by each transaction.

It is essential to understand categories in the right manner to ensure balancing equations hold.

Example: You can better understand the below transaction where when you sell your product, then the asset increases i.e. cash with the decrease in the sales account which reveals the revenue account.

This makes it easy for the bookkeeper and financial report creator to identify errors or transactions that are mismatched.

Transaction recording

It is very essential to ensure that the transactions are recorded in the given manner and format and they are recorded and checked from time to time.

The format shows what are how the transactions are recorded and what details you need to include to avoid confusion and ensure transparency.

These transactions are to be recorded initially in the journal entries, and they must include the Date, account category, Amount, and description i.e. from what account to which account. Such details must be available for all transactions throughout the year.

Example:

Date: 09th July 2024

Account: Cash (Dr)

Account: Sales (Cr)

Amount: $7500

Description: Sold soap for $7500.

Reconciling financial statements

Bank statements or financial statements are the summarised form of transactions done in the financial year that show the financial status of your business.

It is essential for you to create and understand how financial reports and statements from the bookkeeping transactions and know your business status and growth for decision making.

For effective bookkeeping knowledge of balance sheet, income statement and cash flow is important as based on this bookkeeping strategies are formed.

Bookkeeping is a very simple but important task as it reveals the financial health and attracts investors, and thus let us do it for you to ensure accuracy and business growth.

IntQBooks has been known for its expertise in bookkeeping for years, our dedicated experienced team ensures proper bookkeeping with transparent reports for all our actions.

#IntQBooks #Intqbooks Solutions

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tutorstips · 3 years

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Question No 20 Chapter No 5 - D.K Goal Class 11

Question No 20 Chapter No 5 – D.K Goal Class 11

Question No 20 Chapter No 5 20.Pass Journal entries for the following transactions:− a Proprietor withdrew for private use 10,000 from bank b Goods costing 50,000 were burnt by fire. c Purchased machinery for cash 1,50,000 and paid 2,000 on its installation d Charge 5% depreciation on building costing 2,00,000 and 8% depreciation on furniture costing 5,000. e Prepaid salary 2,000. f Kapil…

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swedishproductsonlinestuff · 4 years

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ZYN! Buy ZYN Online at great prices!

ZYN! Buy ZYN Online!

Americans wanted nicotine, but not tobacco It all started in the United States. Americans demanded a new way to enjoy nicotine without tobacco. Therefore, the work began to develop a completely new product. A product that would be totally free of tobacco, but which would also be fresh and tasty. The result was ZYN – all-white mini portions without tobacco, but with nicotine. ZYN was released in the states in 2014 and today ZYN is sold all over the US and is the market leader when it comes to nicotine pouches. At the same time as Swedish Match continues to expand in the rest of the Nordics and has started to launch ZYN in Europe.

What is ZYN?

ZYN is a further development of traditional snus – a snus completely without tobacco, but with nicotine. ZYN is sold in a package with about 20 mini portions, or “pods”, and is available in the flavors Cool Mint and Citrus. With two nicotine strengths, 3 mg and 6 mg, there will be four variants. ZYN’s portions are completely white and should be a product for you who want nicotine with a fresh taste, without it being visible. At SWEDISHPRODUCTS.ONLINE you will find ZYN under the category All White Portion. no-title ZYN Citrus 3 mg & 6 mg and ZYN Cool Mint 3 mg & 6 mg

What does ZYN contain?

– Nicotine: Extracted from tobacco leaves, but no part of the plant remains in the final product. – Fillers: In order for ZYN to get the right shape, there are fillers in them. – Stabilizer: To give you a smooth and stable nicotine and taste delivery. – Sweetener: To give the product a balanced sweetness. – Acidity regulators: To provide a more effective nicotine release. Aromas: To give ZYN its fresh taste. ZYN – new but still familiar.

ZYN gives you a good nicokick! ZYN nicokick is instant!

The white color felt fresh, especially in combination with Cool Mint. Summa summarum – a new but still familiar experience. The ZYN nicokick is instant and pleasant. The two higher doses of ZYN (6 and 8 mg) deliver nicotine as quickly and to a similar extent as existing smokeless products, with no significant adverse effects.

ZYN flavors

Available ZYN flavors:

Cool Mint

Apple Mint

Spearmint

Ginger Blood Orange

Citrus

Espressino

Dark Frost

Northern Woods

Lemon Spritz

Deep Freeze

ZYN Strentghts

ZYN are available in many different strenghts! You will always find the right ZYN strengths suitable for you!

ZYN Locator – buy ZYN in Canada! Buy ZYN in the US! ZYN in the USA! Order ZYN Online in USA! Buy ZYN online in Canada!

At SWEDISHPRODUCTS.ONLINE you will find all major Swedish snus brands and nicotine pouches. We ship all our orders Worldwide by UPS. It usually takes 3-4 days from order to delivery at your door. Buy ZYN in Canada! Buy ZYN in the US! Buy ZYN in Japan!

ZYN study in 2020

The American Journal on Addictions has just published (here) an analysis by my colleagues and me of the consumer appeal of a new nicotine product, ZYN.

Swedish Match test-marketed ZYN six years ago in Colorado; distribution expanded to 11 states in the western U.S. in 2016, and nationwide in April 2019. While ZYN marketing was limited to a website and point-of-sale promotions, press reports (here, here and here) indicated remarkable sales success.

In 2018, the company commissioned from a private contractor two marketing surveys on ZYN perceptions and use. ��Last year a research group consisting of Drs. Karl Fagerström from Sweden and John Hughes from the University of Vermont, as well as Nantaporn Plurphanswat and me from the University of Louisville, was granted full access by Swedish Match to that survey data so that we could produce an independent analysis. Our group previously published a research article describing how proposed changes in Swedish snus warning labels would affect tobacco users’ perceptions and use of the products (here). Other than providing us with the data, the company had no role in our analysis or reporting of the results.

In the current study, we assess adult appeal and interest in buying ZYN, and we describe the characteristics of ZYN users and patterns of ZYN use after purchase.

We found that while nearly 90% of never and former tobacco users did not find ZYN to be appealing, one-third of current smokers, more than half of current smokeless tobacco (ST) users, and two-thirds of dual cigarette-ST users did. More importantly, only 3% of never, and 2% of former users were interested in buying the product.

In addition, we found that the likelihood of buying ZYN compared with other tobacco products was highest among exclusive ST users. That cohort may be more inclined to buy ZYN because its manner of use is similar to that of other ST products, i.e., placing the product between the lip and gum; additionally, Swedish Match was offering the product on stores’ ST shelves.

The vast majority of ZYN users were white men, which is consistent with ST use. About 90% used the pouches every day, and most chose the 6 mg nicotine pouch, rather than the 3 mg version. More than one-third had used ZYN about 3-6 months.

When offered a variety of reasons for using ZYN, participants frequently chose options such as “less harmful…”, “no one can tell when using”, and “to avoid spitting”. Among current smokers, the top answers were, “less harmful for my health than cigarettes” and “do not cause me to smell like smoke/tobacco.”

There was no information about tobacco cessation due to ZYN, and time since quitting tobacco, so we cannot know if participants used ZYN to quit other products. We also had no information about how frequently and how many pouches were used.

ZYN’s striking entry was quickly followed by similar products LYFT (https://swedishproducts.online/brand/lyft) and On! (www.swedishproducts.online/brand/on/ ). None of these brands contain tobacco, only pharmaceutical-grade nicotine at different levels: ZYN pouches contain either 3 or 6 mg; On! is available in 2, 4 and 8 mg strengths; and LYFT pouches have 6,8, 12 and 14 mg. The highest nicotine dose approved by the FDA for medicinal nicotine gum and lozenges is 4 mg. Higher nicotine doses in the new pouch products may explain their popularity, since medicinal nicotine offerings have proven unsatisfying to consumers who can’t or don’t want to achieve nicotine abstinence.

Our study was the first to assess interest in and actual usage of a new tobacco product, ZYN nicotine pouches. Non-users of tobacco had little interest, and ST users constituted the majority of ZYN regular users.

Nicotine pouches the new dip alternatives!

Big cigarette companies are latching on to oral nicotine pouches. That could mean trouble for the tobacco industry’s top performer, Swedish Match . A new product category is emerging with several large tobacco companies now selling ‘tobacco-free’ nicotine pouches. These products are sold as preportioned pouches similar to snus, but instead of containing tobacco leaf, they are filled with white nicotine-containing powder. The pouches are placed between the lip and gum, and require no spitting or refrigeration.1

The Stockholm-based business said this past week that sales in the fourth quarter increased by 15% compared with the same period of 2018, stripping out currency moves. Behind that strong growth is the U.S. rollout of Zyn—a tobacco-free oral nicotine pouch that slips between the upper gum and cheek, where it releases nicotine into the bloodstream.

Swedish Match is an outlier in the tobacco industry. While it still owns cigar brands that contribute almost 30% of total revenue, its stock is the closest investors can currently get to a pure play on the fashionable world of cigarette alternatives. As well as Zyn nicotine pouches, its portfolio includes chewing tobacco and snus—a pasteurized oral tobacco that is more socially acceptable than traditional chewing tobacco because it doesn’t require spitting.

But the market for modern oral nicotine pouches is getting more competitive. Last summer, Marlboro-maker Altria bought a majority stake in the company that owns the on! brand and is increasing production. Lucky Strike’s owner, British American Tobacco , is investing in its Velo oral pouches.

ZYN gives you a nicokick!

In the US, Swedish Match expanded the availability of ZYN nicotine pouches nationally from the Western region test. By the end of 2019, ZYN was available in more than 67,000 stores. During the year, Swedish Match has also launched ZYN on a limited scale in a number of European markets outside of Scandinavia, and by the end of the year, the Company was present in stores in markets such as Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Greenland, Slovenia, and the UK. Driven by the efforts mentioned above, the contribution from our smokefree portfolio to the total group has further increased during 2019. Currently our smokefree business accounts for 83 percent of total Swedish Match volumes of tobacco and nicotine products, and 68 percent of corresponding sales.

In 2019, we also continued to invest heavily behind our smokefree products to fuel future growth. Out of our total R&D expenditure, 96 percent was related to smokefree products. These expenditures include the costs related to scientific studies, facility and machinery development and prototypes. We will continue to engage with the scientific community to verify the public health benefits of our products and allocate investments accordingly. Similar as previous years, we have committed more than 90 percent of our capital expenditure to our smokefree portfolio. In 2019, we have further scaled up the investment of ZYN production capacity in the US to support the strong growth.

During the year, we have also seen an increasing consumer appeal of our smokefree products. In Sweden and Norway, Swedish Match defines success of our product attractiveness by tracking the share decline of daily smokers among total daily tobacco users. In Norway, the share of daily cigarette users among total daily tobacco users decreased to 39 percent in 20191) (50 percent in 2018). This means that Norway is now approaching Sweden in terms of converting cigarette consumers to snus usage. In the group of legal age consumers below the age of 25 measured, snus has almost completely replaced cigarette consumption. Only two percent among the men are daily cigarette users and only one percent among the women. In North America, Swedish Match defines success in terms of volume growth of its smokefree products and in 2019, it was 35 percent.

Educating consumers about the difference in health effects between smokefree products and cigarettes continues to be a difficult task. This difference is probably best understood in Sweden and Norway, but there is widespread misunderstanding even in these markets. In the general population in Sweden, 32.9 percent believes that snus is at least as dangerous as cigarettes or answers that they don’t know. In Norway the same number is 34.5 percent. Only 20.8 percent of the Swedish population believes that snus is much less dangerous than cigarettes and in Norway this number is only 19.5 percent. Thus continuous efforts to further increase consumer awareness will remain a focus going forward.

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As Bob Dylan said, “these times, they are a changin’”. As the world changes, so does demand for new, innovative, and different products. As that demand grows, companies have to adapt to meet it. The growing “all white” /

“nicotine pouch”

/ “nicopod” category is a reflection of that. Also, it is a reflection of how people quit smoking. But, more on that later. First, I want to take you on a trip down memory lane to the summer of 2009.But, to recap, I quit smoking in 2009 thank to Swedish Snus. Prior to that, I tried other things such as the nicotine gum, the nicotine patch, as well as pharmaceutical options such as Chantix.

Nothing worked until I discovered Swedish Snus. That was what finally did the trick for me. Now, we are seeing that there are people who want to quit smoking but also all forms of tobacco, and this is where products like nicotine pouches come in handy. As an advocate for tobacco harm reduction, I personally support anything that helps people quit smoking as long as it is safer than traditional, combustible tobacco.

I think at this point, it is important to break down the term “all white” a little further. That term is thrown around often, and it can mean different things. “All White” can mean White Tobacco, Nicotine Pouches (Moist), and Nicotine Pouches (Dry). This article will primarily focus on nicotine pouches, but I wanted to differentiate for those who may be wondering what all these all white products are.

White Epok & G4

First, there are white tobacco products such as Epok and G4. These products contain tobacco, but the tobacco is “washed” or “treated” until it is completely white. The pouch also remains white before, during, and after use. These pouches look like regular snus except the pouch is completely white. Again, this article is on nicotine pouches primarily, but I wanted to address white tobacco as the term ‘all white’ seems to be used interchangeably with white tobacco products and nicotine pouch products.

What is nicotine without tobacco?

Next, there are also nicotine pouches which look very much like white tobacco pouches, except they do not contain tobacco. Nicotine pouches contain, of course, nicotine, but instead of tobacco they contain some form of plant fiber. In the lip they feel just like regular snus, but these are tobacco-free products. These products are incredibly easy to use. Like snus, you simply put them in your upper lip. They are discrete and completely spit-free. These products are also white before, during, and after use.

The difference between dry and moist pouches?

Not only that, but you can break nicotine pouches down even further into two types: dry and moist. There are moist products such as Skruf Super White, Zyn, Nordic Spirit, Lyft, and White Fox. Those products look and feel like regular snus in the lip but, again, they are tobacco free and completely white. There are dry products such as, again, Zyn, as well as on! Nicotine Pouches. These nicotine pouch products range from 3mg/g all the way up to the extra strong level. Nicotine Pouches come in a wide variety of flavors such as citrus, blueberry, melon, mint, rhubarb, black currant, lime, licorice, bergamot wild berry, apple mint, ginger blood orange, and more!

Why all white?

Before answering this question, it is important to address something else. I originally started reviewing Swedish Snus ten years ago. I am a Swedish Snus purist. However, over the years I’ve began reviewing chew bags/Nordic Chew as well as these nicotine pouches. These aren’t products I personally use, but I’m glad they exist. I am, first and foremost, an advocate for tobacco harm reduction. This means I want people to quit smoking. Many can’t quit with the pharmaceutical means, so I advocate for Swedish Snus. Some want to quit smoking and tobacco, but can’t quit nicotine. This is why I am glad these nicotine pouch products exist. Are they for me? No. But, will I suggest them to people who are wanting to quit smoking and tobacco? You bet I will.

A problem we are seeing, especially in the online communities, is gatekeeping. Not a day goes by that I don’t notice a comment on a YouTube video I made, or a comment on Reddit, or a comment on a Facebook post, where a user of Swedish Snus is attacking someone who is asking about nicotine pouches because they consider these products “fake snus”. I try not to get hostile when this occurs, but I do try to reiterate to these people that nicotine pouches are something different, and they exist to help people who want to quit smoking and tobacco but not nicotine. Gatekeeping is a major hurdle in the tobacco harm reduction community. I understand that many, like myself, are major snus fans / snus purists, but to advocate for harm reduction we must truly advocate for all forms of tobacco harm reduction, including nicotine pouches.

Also, around the world there are other markets where snus is illegal, or taxed very high. While Sweden is the land of snus, and yes, I am jealous, there are places around the world that are not so lucky. This is where nicotine pouches can play a major difference. As mentioned before, people in these countries may find nicotine pouches as a suitable alternative for their nicotine cravings. The UK, for example, is not a snus market, but nicotine pouches are becoming more popular there. The website SWEDISHPRODUCTS.ONLINE comes to mind. In fact, they delivery in boxes that fit in the letterbox in apartments, which is something very unique that you don’t really see other online stores focusing on. Like the UK, we are seeing nicotine pouches pushing their way into these markets and being embraced by smokers looking for a way to kick cigarettes to the curb. While governments may not embrace tobacco harm reduction and safer alternatives such as Swedish Snus, nicotine pouches are providing an alternative in these markets for people who, like myself, couldn’t quit with pharmaceutical means.

The future of nicotine pouches

This category has grown relatively fast. White tobacco burst onto the market in 2004 with the Epok product line. Zyn came around in 2016, and really made an impact in the nicotine pouch category with their dry, mini pouches. And within the past few years we’ve seen moist nicotine pouch products such as Skruf Super White, Zyn (the moist kind), Lyft, Nordic Spirit, and White Fox. I believe this is only the beginning. As these products grow in popularity I imagine we will see more flavors, a larger range of nicotine strengths, and even more manufacturers getting in on this trend. Right now we only see Swedish Match, Skruf, Fiedler & Lundgren, Nordic Snus AB, and GN Tobacco making these products. But, I firmly believe we will see more companies getting in on this growing product category as the years progress. I do not think these products will replace traditional snus. I believe they will stand alone as their own category of harm reduced products, much like nasal snuff and vaping do. So, do not fear fellow snus purists, these products will not harm our beloved Swedish Snus.

If you know me, you know my snus of choice is General. I frequently get asked the question, “If Swedish Match made a tobacco free product with the same nicotine level and exact same flavor as General Snus, would you quit tobacco and switch to nicotine pouches?” I always have to stop and think, but my answer is usually no. I enjoy tobacco. I frequently say this, but these nicotine pouch products aren’t for me. And there’s nothing wrong with that. Because while these products aren’t for me, they are for somebody. And as an advocate for tobacco harm reduction, that’s okay with me. Because I want to see as many people quit smoking as possible. Whether it is with traditional Swedish Snus, or these tobacco-free nicotine pouches, the goal at the end of the day is to save lives. And while these products may not be for you, or for me, they do accomplish that end; they help people quit smoking and they save lives.

I want to encourage people to remember that. If you are, like me, a Swedish Snus purist, remember that these products can save lives. Gatekeeping does not work to help forward tobacco harm reduction. It could make people think twice about these products. However, if we avoid gatekeeping and embrace this new product category as a way to help people quit smoking, we can further the tobacco harm reduction discussion and provide a way that people can kick cigarettes to the curb.

These times, and products, truly are a changin’. It’s a brave new world for tobacco harm reduction.

CHEWING TOBACCO

ZYN REVIEW by Snubie!

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fapangel · 7 years

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MSM is spinning the proposed immigration reform as a reduction of legal immigration from the Obama era but I've been unable to find numbers of whether there was an increase during the Obama administration. Nonetheless, I do think a point based system for entry to allow for more skilled immigrant to come is overall a better move for the US rather than just a simple lottery. Your thoughts?

Before anything else, I want you to see what I saw on NBC News tonight - skip the biased article and just watch the 1 minute clip from NBC News’s August 2nd 6PM broadcast. Note Senator Dick Durbin, D-Illinois, who’s commentary I will transcribe for posterity:

“The biggest flaw in this proposal is the notion that there are long lines of Americans waiting to pick fruit, work in hospitals, and hotels, and restaurants, and meat processing plants; exactly the opposite’s true.”

Let me boil that statement down to its essence: “we need those spics to do the scut-work white people are too good for.” This phrase, “immigrants do jobs Americans won’t do,” is a common utterance on the Left, but it’s still shocking to see a US Senator admit to it in as many words on national TV. I know people who live in rural, poverty-stricken Red America, and you know where they work? They often work in restaurants and meat-packing plants. Not that this asshole would know - to him and Democrats like him, Hispanic immigrants are just cheap labor to maintain the lawns of their expensive homes, to bring them food at restaurant, and to do all the other scut work of society - and cheaply. There aren’t any jobs “Americans won’t do,” if you pay them what it’s worth - ever seen an episode of Dirty Jobs? But that, apparently, would “wreck the economy,” according to reliable RHINO Lindsey Graham, (whom most Republicans would like to see right behind McCain on Musk’s Mars to Stay rocket.) Good thing we’ve got all those Mexicans to do the back-breaking labor on the cheap, eh?

It’s not just Dickface Durbin saying this - ABC News, and New York Times have also published passionate screeds attesting to the necessity of that poor underclass to maintaining our way of life. From the NYT:

Why? Immigrant workers aren’t a “cheap labor” alternative, as so many Americans think. They are the only labor available to do many unskilled jobs, and if they were eliminated, most would not be replaced. Instead, whole sectors of the economy would shrivel, and with them, many other jobs often filled by more skilled Americans.

If the spics don’t pick our cotton for us, who will? Not those fucking Americans!

In 1960, half of all the native-born men in the U.S. labor force were high school dropouts eager to take unskilled outdoor jobs in agriculture and construction. Today, fewer than 10 percent of the native-born men in the work force lack high school diplomas. But the economy still generates plenty of unskilled jobs, and most unskilled immigrants don’t displace American workers. They fill niches — not just farmhand, but also chambermaid, busboy and others — that would otherwise go empty. And they support more skilled, more desirable jobs — foremen, accountants, waiters, chefs and more — at the businesses where they work and others in the surrounding community.

It’s almost like they knew it was a waste of time to finish high school when they could get a job paying good money down at the sawmill - but only if they started their apprenticeship now. But that world’s over and done with - having a high school degree makes you physically incapable of flipping burgers, digging ditches, or picking fruit. True story.

Just raise the wage, you say, and an American would take the job? Not necessarily, and very unlikely if it’s a farm job. Farmers have been trying that — for decades. They raise the wage. They recruit in inner cities. They offer housing and transport and countless other benefits. Still, no one shows — or stays on the job, which is outdoors and grueling and must get done, no matter how hot or cold or otherwise unpleasant the weather.

That’s right - American farmers, already laboring in an industry with narrow profit margins, turned their backs on that vast pool of dirt-cheap, asks-no-questions labor and went to the inner city to hire Americans that’d cost them more money, instead. Nostalgia is powerful, but even if the Red South is as racist as Democrats believe, somehow I doubt lots of American farmers were journeying to the inner city and asking the predominantly black youth there if they were interested in picking cotton on their fucking farms.

And of course, at some point, there are limits to how high a wage a grower or dairy farmer can pay before he is forced out of business by a farmer who produces the same commodity in another country, where the labor actually is cheap.

Which we could handle easily with import/export controls, if not for those fucking free trade proponents - like most Democrats, eh? Of course that doesn’t do you any good when the cheap labor is already in the country and being used by your own domestic competitors.

But worst of all would be the jobs lost for Americans. According to economists, every farm job supports three to four others up and downstream in the local economy: from the people who make and sell fertilizer and farm machinery to those who work in trucking, food processing, grocery stores and restaurants.

A harvest-season fruit picker isn’t a fucking farm job. A farm job is a year-round thing, and there aren’t many of them. I live in rural Michigan, a very agriculture-heavy state, and I have a pony. An actual, living, breathing pony, who eats hay, hay that we purchase from a local farmer. He and his wife run a huge farm and they run it alone, as their sons are too young to do any of the serious work. He does this via automation - the shed under which he stores the hay that we buy also shelters two massive farm tractors, three bale wagons, a combine, and various other attachments and heavy equipment. In our own barn we have a Farmall Cub and a Farmall Super C, two crop-row tractors from yesteryear. They’re about one-quarter the size of those modern New Holland tractors. In fact you can watch the size progression, from the Farmall C to the beefier Farmall H to the imposingly large Farmall M. Tractors increased in size as farms got bigger and more corporatized, and as smaller farmers had to reduce labor and increase automation to stay competitive. For those crops that aren’t harvested en-masse by combines, I’m sure we’ll find some way to pick the fruit. That Farmall Super C in my barn was owned by my great-grandfather - the 3-point implements it used to haul around his farm are still in our possession. My mother picked fruit - for a dime a bushel basket - so she could earn money to buy hay for her own pony. Somehow, they managed. Hell, I managed - I was 12 years old when I was helping my folks put up hay we cut and baled off our own property to help feed our animals.

Arguments so facile that even someone with third-hand knowledge can see through them is one thing, but this is so obvious that the fucking Washington Post, of all places, has a relatively level-headed and informed article covering the matter that perilously resembles actual journalism. It both acknowledges the miserable conditions and low pay of the workers, and dismisses the sweeping claims of absolute economic necessity with actual numbers, provided by subject matter experts.

In absence of established economic necessity, how else are we to interpret statements like Dickface Durbins, but as endorsing class-based systems of oppression? The phrase “jobs Americans won’t do,” the NYT columnist’s equating having a high school diploma with the willingness to do unskilled labor, and Dick Durbin’s own commentary all speak to the same basic hubris: that Americans find these jobs beneath them. I have a 4 year college degree - but I’ve worked manual labor myself, and I never considered burger-flipping to be beneath my dignity. I guess the elite class, the ones that grow up in fabulously wealthy communities and adore their Nature Hikes in the National Parks but let the poor people mow their lawns on a hot day, see things differently. When you combine the Left Wing’s passionate and frequent arguments to the necessity of unskilled, underpaid immigrant labor to supporting our way of life, the inherent elitism that colors their tone and worldview of Americans who “won’t” do these jobs, and above all their unstinting efforts to inhibit the enforcement of immigration law or any initiative to halt illegal immigration, it’s impossible to see their position as anything but encouraging the formation of a permanent underclass of second-class citizens. What happens when those immigrants, or their children, get educated? Get those high school - or even college degrees - that so inhibit their willingness to work menial labor jobs? What happens to our economy then, if we have no cheap, miserably desperate people to exploit for the labor that our economy apparently depends so heavily upon? By their own logic, it would be bad for the country if those poor Hispanics ever worked their way out of the poverty ghetto.

This is the true import of what Dickface Durbin openly stated on national prime-time television. It’s also the strongest argument I can possibly make in favor of Trump’s proposed immigration reform - it is anathema to the class-based exploitation the “progressive left,” self-anointed champions of the poor and down-trodden, argue for so passionately.

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sunlit-dancer · 7 years

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Journal 4 - Entry 19 (pt 1)

The move to Kugane held some rough patches. We ventured to the Ruby Sea from the Steppes with our belongings to purchase passage. As we headed to the docks there was a kojin who was lamenting the loss of his merchandise by a group of individuals that had also been causing issues with the Confederates. Gilawafe was there as well looking for work, so we decided to assist the kojin regain his merchandise.

We ventured toward where the pirates were hiding and tried to sneak our way in, but once we were spotted things quickly became chaotic. The pirate boss eventually ventured out in some sort of salvaged magitek suit and had a chaingun. I was hit in the shoulder, and Gilawafe managed not to get himself killed despite standing right in the crossfire. We did manage to dispatch the remainder of the enemies and inspected the magitek armor. A raen woman had been fitted for it, which I had found strange. It did not look like anything one wound find in Garlean ranks. Once we ascertained there were no more enemies, we did an inspection of the ship and found all of the cargo was stolen. We found the kojin's belongings based on the description given, and turned in the marked goods to the confederacy in exchange for passage to and from Kugane to the Steppes for the next few moons. The unmarked goods we are keeping for ourselves, and have divided up the inventory as much as would be allowed. Most of it were furs, soaps, spices, rare materials, jewelry, Garlean tech salvage, etc. As for the ship itself, we discussed it with the Confederacy. Since we dispatched the pirates without their aid, they claimed we could do what we wished with it. So we kept it. It will serve us well while we are here. We stripped the sails and ship itself of any markings of the previous owners, and after we sell some of the supplies we have found, will use the proceeds from that to redo the paint job on the ship entirely and rename it. We shall use it to expand the clan further. The kojin was pleased with having his belongings returned, and claimed the next time we returned to the Ruby Sea to come to his home, he would have a gift for us. We thanked him and managed to continue to Kugane unimpeded. We sold a good number of the supplies to interested parties, and began shopping for a place to open our business. Voren knew a man who pointed us to someone who wished to assist us, and we eventually managed to acquire a small office within Kugane. It took time and heavy haggling, but I managed to decorate it to a degree where I feel confident we can receive guests and clients. We are also still on the hunt for a place to stay, and are staying at the inn until then. I had sent for Maria before we had left the Steppes, and she arrived in Kugane not too long after we established our office. She is interested in the enchantments and Qayagahara wares in general, and we have loaned her the other room to turn into a workshop. I gave her the tapestry we found in Reunion to see if she could look into reverse engineering it. She said it would take some time to study properly due to its complexity. A friend of hers named Dorien would be arriving soon, and she claimed he would likely hold an interest in the enchantment aspect if nothing else. Somehow or another she ran into one of her friends working at the Inn, a T'alisa Rina, and directed her to us for work. We have hired her onto our rosters officially as a mercenary, and so our group steadily grows. Maria vouches for her skill as a fighter, and we could use warriors to protect our collectors when they venture out into the Steppes. Speaking of, Jarn ran into some wayward adventurers exploring the caves we were scouting for prisms a few suns ago, and met Bala, Arzel, and another named...Nuwa? Along with another Malaguld. They managed to bring back a bag of crystals, and reports of a machine within the Uyagir caves harvesting them. Not magitek machinery, and they do not appear to be operated by Garleans, but by xaela. They are agitating the matanga so something needs to be done or our one avenue may be lost. There are other caves, but we would need to discuss it with the Uyagir and I do not wish to step on their toes any more than necessary. Perhaps we could work out a trade agreement. Nuwa appeared interested in aiding us, according to Jarn, so perhaps she will stop by our office soon. Arzel also mentioned he would be stopping by. It seems our little office will become busy after all. We still need to meet with the Talons of Ash regarding solidifying our alliance, and regarding the Eclipse Initiative.

#ic #maral's journal

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illusivegore · 6 years

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Gore Reviews Little Nightmares

Release Date: April 28, 2017 Platforms: PlayStation 4 (reviewed), Xbox One, Steam, Nintendo Switch

As Little Nightmares begins, you wake up in a cold, wet room as a young child with nothing more than a yellow rain coat, a lighter, and your wits. Outside of that, you know very little about what is going on and that’s one thing I loved about this experience. It felt like almost all aspects of the story were open for interpretation (unless you go looking for answers from outside sources). There’s zero dialog and you won’t find any “journal entries” lying around. What you see is what you get and trying to figure out exactly what has happened to this child is thought provoking and sometimes tragic as there were more than a few genuinely shocking and disturbing moments.

It does quickly become apparent that your goal is to escape this hellscape you’ve woken up in and to do so will involve a lot of puzzle solving and platforming. Thankfully, Little Nightmares has both intuitive controls and level design. Using buttons specifically for crouching, sprinting, and grabbing things all become second nature and add a more nuanced control scheme to what would otherwise be a standard platformer. These slight tweaks to the formula also help ratchet up the tension as you’ll have to remember to implement more than just a simple jump in most cases. Some puzzles took a bit of thought to get through, but I was never hindered by bad level design that left me confused on where to go, as is the case with many games of the genre. It was always obvious where I needed to be, it was figuring out how to get there in the most efficient way that posed the challenge.

In a game like this, there is bound to be some trial and error because death comes swiftly as all your foes greatly out power you. You’ll need to focus on a more stealthy approach and learn the patterns of enemies while devising the perfect route for getting past them. The trial and error I don’t mind so much, but where Little Nightmares stumbles a bit in its gameplay is with being able to properly execute the plan once you’ve figured out the puzzle.

Most of this frustration comes down to awkward controls that are tough to master in situations that requires quick and accurate movement. While the controls all feel right in the way they are implemented on the controller, they aren’t as responsive as they could be. The fixed camera angle didn’t help matters either as depth perception was a problem at times. Grabbing ledges and making certain jumps felt nearly impossible at times and led to replaying a number of sections more than few times after figuring out what had to be done. One saving grace to this problem is that the checkpoints are very generous, so you’re never forced to play through any overly extensive sections.

Little Nightmares’ art direction is dark, grimy, and disturbing. It feels like something that could have come straight out of a Tim Burton film and it’s absolutely beautiful. Character models are grotesque, environments become macabre backdrops, and animations somehow manage to be both disturbing and graceful. I was also very surprised by the overall scale as well. You truly feel like a small child in a world filled with overgrown monsters and there were some stunning set pieces, something that I never expected to see in a game like this, that really drove this point home. During the couple of days I spent playing, I would continue to think about all that I had seen long after I’d put the controller down and even had dreams about this creepy world more than once.

As great as Little Nightmares’ look is, I actually think its sound design is even better. The sound effects and ambient noise are on point. Creaky floorboards, squeaky door hinges, the sound of breaking a glass vase, tormented screams in the distance, machinery of an unknown purpose screeching, it all sounds amazing and adds to the tension. The music is nearly perfect, being subtle but still effective, adding just enough to the experience, sounding at time sort of like spooky lullabies (also right at home in a Tim Burton film), driving home the creep factor. There are even some great tunes that play during the credits that are worth giving a listen to. This is one I’d definitely recommend wearing headphones for if you decide to play it.

Little Nightmares isn’t a long game by any means. There’s actually a trophy that you can obtain that requires you to finish it in under an hour. Even if you’re not speedrunning, you’re not likely to get more than three or four hours out of your first playthrough and I can’t imagine most people will find much reason to go back through for second run. The length honestly feels just fine for a game of this nature, but if you make your purchase decisions based on how much time you’ll get with game, it’s something to keep in mind.

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Little Nightmares is a game that does so many things nearly perfectly, with the exception of some mildly frustrating control issues. Between its art and sound design, intuitive puzzles and levels, and a handful of disturbing moments, it’s a genuinely creepy experience that I won‘t soon forget. All of that builds to an amazing end sequence that is rare to find in most media nowadays. Little Nightmares may not be a game for everyone, but it’s one I wholeheartedly recommend giving a chance.

Score: 5 out of 5

#games #video games #review #reviews #little nightmares

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theculturedmarxist · 6 years

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Stock buybacks are eating the world. The once illegal practice of companies purchasing their own shares is pulling money away from employee compensation, research and development, and other corporate priorities—with potentially sweeping effects on business dynamism, income and wealth inequality, working-class economic stagnation, and the country’s growth rate. Evidence for that conclusion comes from a new report by Irene Tung of the National Employment Law Project (NELP) and Katy Milani of the Roosevelt Institute, who looked at share buybacks in the restaurant, retail, and food industries from 2015 to 2017.

Their new paper contributes to a growing body of research that might help explain why economic growth is so sluggish, productivity so low, and increases in worker compensation so piddling, even as the stock market is surging and corporate profits are at historical highs. Companies are working overtime to make their owners richer in the short term, more so than to improve their longer-term competitiveness or to invest in their workers.

Buybacks occur when a company takes profits, cash reserves, or borrowed money to purchase its own shares on the public markets, a practice barred until the Ronald Reagan administration. (The regulatory argument against allowing the practice is that it is a way for companies to manipulate the markets; the regulatory argument for it is that companies should be able to spend money how they see fit.) In recent years, with corporate profits high, American firms have bought their own stocks with extraordinary zeal. Federal Reserve data show that buybacks are now equivalent to 4 percent of annual economic output, up from zero percent in the 1990s. Companies spent roughly $7 trillion on their own shares from 2004 to 2014, and have spent hundreds of billions of dollars on buybacks in the past six months alone.

The new Roosevelt Institute and NELP research examines public firms in three major but notoriously low-wage industries— food production, retail, and restaurants—weighing buybacks against worker compensation. Unsurprisingly, Tung and Milani found that companies were aggressive in purchasing their own shares. The restaurant industry spent 140 percent of its profits on buybacks from 2015 to 2017, meaning that it borrowed or dipped into its cash allowances to purchase the shares. The retail industry spent nearly 80 percent of its profits on buybacks, and food-manufacturing firms nearly 60 percent. All in all, public companies across the American economy spent roughly three-fifths of their profits on buybacks in the years studied. “The amount corporations are spending on buybacks is staggering,” Milani said. “Then, to look a little deeper and see how this could impact workers in terms of compensation, was staggering.”

How much might workers have benefited if companies had devoted their financial resources to them rather than to shareholders? Lowe’s, CVS, and Home Depot could have provided each of their workers a raise of $18,000 a year, the report found. Starbucks could have given each of its employees $7,000 a year, and McDonald’s could have given $4,000 to each of its nearly 2 million employees.

“Workers around the country have been pushing for higher wages, but the answer is always, ‘We can’t afford it. We’d have to do layoffs or raise prices,’” Tung said. “That is just not true. The money is there. It’s just getting siphoned out of the company instead of reinvested into it.”

The report examines the period just before President Donald Trump’s $1.5 trillion tax cut came into effect, leading to an even greater surge of buybacks and thus an even greater surge of new wealth for the owners of capital, as wages have continued to stagnate. The tax legislation cut both the top marginal corporate tax rate from 35 to 21 percent—dropping the estimated effective tax rate on profitable businesses to just 9 percent, well below the effective tax rate for households—and encouraged firms to bring money back from overseas.

What did publicly traded corporations do with that money? Buy back shares and issue dividends, mostly. There was strong anecdotal evidence that that would be true even before the law passed. At a Wall Street Journal CEO confab held last fall, the former Trump economic adviser Gary Cohn asked a room of executives, “If the tax-reform bill goes through, do you plan to increase your company’s capital investment? Show of hands.” Most participants sat still, prompting Cohn to ask, “Why aren’t the other hands up?” Surveys showed that corporations were planning to shunt money to shareholders, rather than putting it into research, mergers and acquisitions, equipment upgrades, training programs, or workers’ salaries.

Since then, analyses from investment banks and researchers have estimated that 40 to 60 percent of the savings from the tax cut are being plowed into buybacks. One analysis of companies on the Russell 1000 Index—which consists of big firms, much like the Standard & Poor’s 500 does—found that companies directed 10 times as much money to buybacks as to workers. As such, Milani and Tung said they expect the math on corporate spending on shareholders versus workers to become even more exaggerated in the coming years.

Not all economic and financial analysts see buybacks as problematic. “Far from being starved of resources, S&P 500 companies are at near-peak levels of investment and have huge stockpiles of cash available for even more,” argue Jesse M. Fried and Charles C. Y. Wang in the Harvard Business Review. “The proportion of income available for investment that went to shareholders of the 500 over the past 10 years was a modest 41.5 percent—less than half the amount claimed by critics.” Plus, if buybacks merely transferred money from businesses to investors who then reallocated that money to other, more dynamic businesses, the overall effect on the economy might be muted.

But more and more analysts disagree. Larry Fink, who runs BlackRock, a huge money-management firm, has argued that buybacks are bad for companies and even bad for democracy. “Society is demanding that companies, both public and private, serve a social purpose,” he wrote in an open letter. “To prosper over time, every company must not only deliver financial performance, but also show how it makes a positive contribution to society. Companies must benefit all of their stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and the communities in which they operate.”

Analysts argue that buybacks hurt corporate America, American workers, and American growth in a few ways. For one, buybacks are a sign of short-termism among executives, the argument goes, boosting shareholder value without boosting the underlying value, profitability, or ingenuity of a given firm. Companies do not get better because of buybacks; it is just that shareholders get richer. In an exhaustive financial analysis of buybacks, the consultancy McKinsey found that companies would generally be better off issuing dividends or increasing investment instead. Buybacks also might distort earnings-per-share calculations and other measures of profitability and value.

A related issue is that buybacks draw money away from investment; a dollar spent repurchasing a share is a dollar that cannot be spent on new machinery, an acquisition, entry into a new market, or anything else. Researchers at Deloitte point out that buybacks and dividends have soared as a share of GDP, whereas investment in equipment and infrastructure has remained unchanged. And new research by Germán Gutiérrez and Thomas Philippon of New York University suggests growing business concentration, a lack of competition, and short-term thinking on the part of investors have all contributed to firms “spend[ing] a disproportionate amount of free cash flows buying back their shares,” fostering an environment of “investment-less growth.”

Then there is the effect on workers. Chief executive officers are the workers who benefit the most from buybacks, Milani and Tung argue, given that they are often primarily compensated with stock. On the other hand, salaried, hourly wage, and contract employees generally get nothing when companies buy their own shares. With the purchasing power of the minimum wage low, unions all but defunct in the private sector, and less and less competition among employers, workers have no recourse to demand more money, even if there is plenty to be distributed to them. Buybacks have perhaps thus helped stoke the extraordinary levels of income and wealth inequality the country has seen in the past 30 years, and particularly since the Great Recession. (Milani and Tung are careful not to draw a causal relationship between stagnant worker pay and rising buybacks, but other analysts have.)

Both by increasing inequality and reducing corporate investment, and thus productivity gains, buybacks might be bad for the overall economy, too. A high-inequality economy is one with less consumer spending and demand across the board, thus one with a lower GDP. A low-investment economy is a more sclerotic and less innovative one, and thus one with a lower GDP.

The growth of buybacks and growing research on the perils they pose has increased interest in regulatory or legal action to bar or limit them. Tung and Milani argue that companies should be required, as they were before the 1982 rule change, to provide dividends rather than purchase shares with their cash. “Issuing cash dividends (regular or special) has a less predictable and manipulative impact on a company’s stock price—and thus is less prone to gaming by executives or activist investors for their own gain,” they write. “Dividends also do not have the same potential as buybacks to mask the market and balance sheet impacts of increasing executives’ stock-based compensation.”

Democratic Senators Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, Cory Booker of New Jersey, and Chris Van Hollen of Maryland, among other legislators, have also put forward legislation targeting the practice, raising the prospect that the rules could change if and when Democrats take back power. “The surge in corporate buybacks is driving wealth inequality and wage stagnation in our country by hurting long-term economic growth and shared prosperity for workers,” Baldwin said in a release. “We need to rewrite the rules of our economy so it works better for workers and not just those at the top.”

In the meantime, corporate boards are poised to spend hundreds of billions more on their own shares, benefiting executives along with the mostly wealthy Americans who own stock. Just this week, Caterpillar, for instance, said it plans to spend $1 billion buying back shares in the latter half of this year, before kicking off a new $10 billion round on buybacks starting in January. It is also in the midst of laying off hundreds of workers.

#business #economics #stocks #stock market #Capitalism #bourgeoisie #proletariat #kill the rich #eat the rich #socialism #communism #unions #workers

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chronosmith-blog · 8 years

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The Wheel of Havoc Pt. 1

((Part 2 | Part 3

So, short intro here: I’ve never done a genuine AU on this blog before, so I figured I’d give this Godformers thing a shot. I’m writing this largely for my own satisfaction, and it’s meant to be able to stand on its own as a story with parallels to Whirl’s history, but I’ll be happy to open RPing possibilities to anyone who might be interested at the story’s conclusion.

These events don’t necessarily adhere to any one strict continuity, but rather vaguely reference common events and terminology. All participants are, of course, Cybertronian. Also, the time measurements in these entries are not consistent with canon: think of Chords as days, and Cycles as months.))

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Taken from the journal entries of Linguistic Archaeologist Articulator

1st Chord 10th Cycle, Post-Unification It is with great joy in my spark that I write this, my first entry, with the news that after a long struggle with the more narrow-minded powers that control this academic institution, our expedition to find the lost city of Chorus has been funded at last.

I am keeping this personal journal as a record of our expedition, in the hopes that, should we be successful, I may publish my memoirs with sufficient accuracy and, should we fail, I may have something to look back up on in the future to humble myself, lest I become overconfident in any future grandiose claims.

I, of course, being an accomplished archaeologist and the foremost expert on Protal Vernacular in the region, am here to translate any records we might find in the city. I will be accompanied by my contemporaries Knuckleboom, an accomplished geologist, Reclaimer, a theologic archaeologist and my academic partner on this proposition, as well as several students, who will handle the fieldwork with what I anticipate to be no shortage of enthusiasm, for this is their chance to make their mark on the field of archaeology before they have even earned their final titles.

Our expedition is still in the preliminary stages, and as such we won’t be setting out for several weeks, which should give us all ample time to gather our records and prepare ourselves for the trip.

(Inserted into the journal between these entries was a section that had been copy/pasted from an earlier work by Articulator, an academic essay written earlier in his career about the city of Chorus and the gods from which it took its name)

The city of Chorus was once home to the Chorus that gave it its name, these being the divine muses of the arts. A great many claims are made about the eventual fate of Chorus, but nobody is entirely sure how the city became lost or if it even existed as it is described in the myths. The most probable explanation is that, as the divine wars raged, it was simply abandoned for practical reasons. It was never built to be a defensible location and was of little to no strategic use to any side, so siege or attack was highly unlikely.

More fanciful tales tell of a great cataclysm that opened the ground and swallowed the city. This is not entirely implausible, as the region is known for its great yawning cave systems, but a sinkhole of such size would surely have left some mark on the surface.

As far as is known, no God had turned a vengeful eye on the city of Chorus. The muses were by and large neutral entities, dedicated wholly to the arts and the way art is expressed, with no strong affiliations to either spectrum in regards to the wider pantheon. They are not regarded as being especially important in current day. Their names live on in references to classical mythology, but they are no longer worshiped, or seen, and have no active role in the day-to-day lives of we mecha, as the other Gods very clearly do. Their shrines have long since disappeared from the world; any rituals that speak of their preferred methods of worship or their offerings have no definitive record. What we do know about the Chorus is precious little:

Said to be the greatest in power and chief of the muses was Harmos, the Muse of harmony. His principle role was to guide the actions of all the other muses into a single cohesive whole. Harmos was honored on days coinciding with great celestial events, such as eclipses and planetary conjunctions, as this was believed to be a wider representation of his work in the arts.

Lyrica was the muse of words, and was strongly associated with song, poetry, and the power language. These days, poets, playwrights, and novelists invoke Versos, who is believed to be a reincarnation of Lyrica and the current host of the power he once held.

Metron was the muse of structure, and governed the laws of mathematics and mechanics as they applied to art. Metron was strongly associated with the marriage of form and function, with some vague ties to architecture. It is said his preferred offering was his favorite artistic endeavor: the timepiece.

Coda was the muse of the end. Coda was associated with sadness in art, from dirges, to tragedies, all forms of poignant verse. “Beauty from sorrow” is a phrase that some claim can be traced back, linguistically, to prayers to this muse, but I have found no strong links to this in my studies. This muse is of special interest to me, as it is the one who ignited my passion for the lost city of Chorus.

Tempos was the muse of dance and graceful movement. This muse, more than any other, had the strongest connection to music. Since the fall of Chorus, many new Gods have risen that now have strong ties to both music and dance, but they seem to have no connection to Tempos, and it’s widely believed that any power this deity once held has faded.

11th Chord, 12th Cycle I have been regrettably remiss in the regular upkeep of this journal in the days leading up to our expedition, but there is quite simply very little to write about. All of our time has been taken up in rather humdrum preparations that scarely require notation here. It takes a good deal of paperwork to move such a large undertaking through foreign territory, especially in the wake of the war. There is also the matter of provisioning ourselves and hiring outside of the university for such tasks that fall out of our academic purview, such as nurses and operators for the heavy-duty machinery—all necessary, but incessantly dull tasks.

14th Chord, 13th Cycle Tomorrow we will be leaving, at last! A small gathering of my closest friends came to my home tonight for a going-away dinner, which was perfectly lovely, and likely the last time I am to enjoy vintage high-grade for the rest of the year. I feel I will miss the company of my conjunx even more, but even in the field, it is not difficult to keep in touch.

19th Chord, 13th Cycle We’ve arrived at our excavation site at last. Even if I had not suspected the sad remains of a once-great city lurked beneath our feet, I would have recognized the pall that hangs over this saturnine place; the land is barren and unwelcoming, washed-out from periodic floods from the rust sea. This, I’ve been told, is part of the reason why the cave systems beneath the silt are so extensive; the sea seeps down and erodes its way through the softer metals, following gradually-formed channels that have widened to pools and caverns over the centuries.

26th Chord, 13th Cycle At last, our first sign! We’ve uncovered what seems to be a section of outer wall. I must caution myself against optimism, because this wall could be part of any number of structures, and in fact our geologist has assured us that this structure has not been buried nearly as long as the city of Chorus has been lost. I remain stubbornly hopeful.

28th Chord, 13th Cycle We’ve uncovered more and more buildings. There are signs of relatively recent, but temporary habitation here—sometime in the last million or so years, during the course of the war—and we believe these outer ruins were used as places to temporarily shelter while traveling through the otherwise featureless land. So far we have found no large structures or anything more sophisticated than a simple dwelling.

Stratigraphic records indicate that these structures have been gradually buried, rather than concealed through a single, cataclysmic event. Our geologist has pointed out, with great enthusiasm, the bands in which we can see a lack of the lighter silt sediments, indicating drought years, which he has matched up to historical records of such events. We are digging deeper, and we are going further back in time as we do.

4th Chord, 14th Cycle I scarcely know whether to categorize today as an unprecedented success or a disaster. The only reason I countenance the first is that I retire tonight with the knowledge that none of my team have been seriously injured; one of our students took a nasty knock on the head today, but has since rallied admirably and has been cleared by out medic to be quite fine, aside from a slight concussion. The student in question is less bothered with the injury than our medic was, and expressed, over dinner, a great deal of amusement to be the first person to have been knocked unconscious during the discovery of a lost city.

During our regular excavations, there was an enormous collapse. I did not see it happen, but I witnessed the aftermath: apparently our digging equipment, while moving further and further into the layers of silt, caused too much stress on the weakest parts of a cavern roof, which promptly collapsed and swallowed one third of the camp into it. A great deal of equipment have been lost, as have many excavation sites that we’d been painstakingly caring for. On a very personal note, several of my instruments were broken, as well as a lovely pocket chronometer I had purchased as a gift for myself upon my last promotion.

After we’d accounted for everyone and dragged our poor unconscious student to the medic, we ventured down into the mysterious, stygian chamber with lamps in hand to investigate what dread hunger had interrupted out work.

And there it was; largely collapsed, dashed upon the rocks below like a poorly-constructed model of a city. It had been locked away, sealed in this cavern for untold millennia. The level of preservation is highly inconsistent. In some places we could see the original panels of constructed streets, and in others liquid erosion had all but wiped away everything except the natural metal. There was no mistaking what remained of the ordered structures that could be glimpsed among the tumbled walls and the avenues half-smothered with silt.

For we have, at last, unearthed the city of Chorus.

#godformers2k17 #standalone #wheelofhavoc #((obviously #I'm going full force lovecraft on this))

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