#Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just

[quercusfloreal]

Oh I remember this drawing !

The Most Popular by ~sazuoche

And the “angel of death” Saint- Just becomes a loyal follower of Robespierre ..

XD!

[amateurvoltaire]

Saint-Just Hyping up Robespierre's Speech

Saint-Just, ordinarily rather reserved at the Jacobin Club, made an exception on January 1, 1793. Despite presiding over the session, he didn't share personal views or push his own agenda. Instead, he invited his colleagues to fund the printing and nationwide distribution of Robespierre's second speech on Louis XVI's trial (delivered on December 28, 1792)

His address was probably delivered in a a rather matter-of-fact and perfunctory tone. That being said, in my head, he's going full movie villain on the jacobins, urging them to open their purses or face the "dire consequences from the Archangel of Terror! Mwahahaha!”

(Translation under the cut)

Translation:

Citizens, you are well aware that, to dispel the errors with which Roland has enveloped the entire Republic, the Society has resolved to print and distribute Robespierre's speech. We have regarded it as an eternal lesson for the French people (1), as a sure way to unmask the Brissotin faction and to open the eyes of the French to the virtues of the minority seated on the Mountain that have been too long unknown. I remind you that a subscription office is open at the secretariat. It is enough for me to indicate this to stimulate your patriotic zeal, and, by emulating the patriots who have each contributed fifty ecus (2) to print Robespierre's excellent speech, you will have well earned the gratitude of the nation.

Notes

(1) The gushing is adorable

(2) In today's terms, fifty ecus translates to approximately 1900 euros. This was no small amount, particularly in light of the country's economic climate at the time.

Source:

Saint-Just, Louis Antoine Léon de. Œuvres. Paris: Gallimard, 2014

[louis-antoine-leon-saint-just]

Welcome to my office, take a seat please

My name is Louis-Antoine-Léon Saint-Just. Call me Saint-Just or citizen. Refrain from using my first names unless we know each other. Do not use the particule. (That's the "de" before Saint-Just.) Unlike what some malicious gossip would have you believe, I am not a noble, and the "de" is not an indicator of such things. I am not a chevalier (knight) either. This honor was bestowed upon by humble father after twenty-five years of dedicated military service for the Last Tyrant, who elevated him at his retirement. The title was not hereditary. Do not pester me with this.

I am a member of the Convention nationale and of the Comité de salut public. I was a member of the committee in charge of redacting our ill-fated Constitution of Year One (1793, old style). It was born, but never allowed to grow. My enemies murdered it before it could take its first breath. My last project on designing institutions for our new Republic was snuffed out as well.

During my mandate on the Committee of Public Safety, I was sent as an extraordinary envoy attached to the army of the Rhine and then the army of the North, to ensure their actions and those of the local governments remain in line with the Revolution and its goals. We had to triumph, and thus we did.

I do not have much time for leisure but I enjoy writing, horse-riding and sightseeing when I can. I have a fondness for old ruins being reclaimed by nature, which I attribute to witnessing such happen to the château near the village where I grew up.

The nights are often long and lonely. There is much paperwork to go through. I remember once writing:

Le ministère est un monde de papier ; je ne sais point comment Rome et l'Égypte se gouvernaient sans cette ressource ; on pensait beaucoup, on écrivait peu... Les bureaux ont remplacé le monarchisme, le démon d'écrire nous fait la guerre, et l'on ne gouverne point.

And yet here I am, ready to answer your questions or comments. It won't make much of a difference, will it?

One last thing...

Do not presume to act with overt familiarity towards me. In other times, I might have been more likely to be convinced of your pure intentions. But times have changed.

***

General Note

This is a semi-serious RP blog. That means that while I try to keep a serious tone when I RP, there are still obviously comedic and lighthearted elements slipping in. I try to RP Saint-Just the way he seems to me after many many many years of studying him. He might not correspond to the historical Saint-Just. He has some particularities that historians don't all agree on, and I put in some of my headcanons that might not be shared by all.

You are free to send whatever you want, even nsfw, as long as you are respectful and use common decency. (It's still the Thermidor Crisis for a few days so be mindful about that.) I'm a person, not a chatbot.

However, you should know that Saint-Just and I reserve the right to use whatever you send however we see fit, maybe even as a prompt to discuss something else, and that you should expect your commentary or question to never actually be answered the way you want ;)

I've answered every ask I've got so far - so if yours hasn't been yet, it's because I'm still working on a response! Even though I know Saint-Just very well, there are always things one is required to study or think about!

Salut et fraternité, citoyen-ne-s.

(Last updated: 30 July 2024.)

[sieclesetcieux]

This site compiled their addresses here though Barère's page is missing (here are some of his addresses), Lindet's address is different than the one give here, and though some mail was sent to Couthon where Robespierre lived, I think he had another address too? (Hérault is also just not listed but the site is centered around Thermidor.)

Copy-pasted below for convenience. I added their birthdates and astrological signs (for those who care about that):

Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet

Age : Né à Bernay (Eure), 48 ans en thermidor. [2 mai 1746 ♉]

Adresse : 68, rue de la Sourdière.

Métier : Avocat

Fonctions : Député de l’Eure, membre du Comité de salut public du 6 avril 1793 au 7 octobre 1794

Antoine Louis Léon de Saint-Just

Age: Né à Décize, 26 ans en Thermidor an II [25 août 1767 ♍]

Adresse: 3, rue Caumartin, 2ème étage (depuis mars 1794), à la même adresse que Thuillier. Il demeurait auparavant à l’hôtel des États-Unis, rue Gaillon.

Fonction(s): Député de l’Aisne à la Convention depuis le 5 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 10 juin 1793.

Georges-Auguste Couthon

Age : Né à Orcet, 38 ans en thermidor [22 décembre 1755 ♑]

Adresse : 366, rue Saint Honoré

Profession : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Puy-de-Dôme à la Convention le 6 septembre 1792. Membre du Comité de salut public du 10 juin 1793 au 9 Thermidor an II.

André Jeanbon, dit JEAN BON SAINT-ANDRÉ

Age : Né à Montauban, 45 ans en thermidor [25 février 1749 ♓]

Adresse :  7 rue Gaillon

Profession : Marin, puis pasteur

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Lot à la Convention le 5 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 10 juin 1793. Fréquemment en mission pour superviser les opérations maritimes, il est absent de Paris le 9-Thermidor.

Pierre-Louis Prieur, dit PRIEUR de la MARNE

Age : Né à Sommesous (Marne), 37 ans en thermidor [1er août 1756 ♌]

Surnom : Appelé Prieur de la Marne (pour le différencier de Prieur de la Côte-d’Or)

Adresse : 11, rue Helvetius

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de la Marne à la Convention depuis le 3 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de salut public du 10 juillet 1793 au 13 thermidor an II (31 juillet 1794), puis à nouveau du 15 vendémiaire au 15 pluviôse an III (6 octobre 1794-3 février 1795).

Absent de Paris au moment du 9-Thermidor.

Maximilien Marie Isidore de Robespierre

Age : Né à Arras, 36 ans en thermidor. [6 mai 1758 ♉]

Adresse : 366 rue Saint-Honoré (numérotation actuelle : 398)

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de Paris à la Convention nationale depuis le 5 septembre 1792 ; membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 27 juillet 1793

Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, dit PRIEUR de la CÔTE-d'OR

Age : Né à Auxonne, 30 ans en thermidor [22 décembre 1763 ♑]

Surnom : Appelé Prieur de la Côte-d’Or (pour le différencier de Prieur de la Marne)

Adresse :  5, rue Caumartin

Profession : Ingénieur militaire

Fonction(s) : Elu député de la Côte-d’Or à la Convention le 5 septembre 1792. Membre du Comité de salut public du 14 août 1793 au 16 vendémiaire an III (7 octobre 1794).

Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot

Age : Né à Nolay, 41 ans en thermidor. [13 mai 1753 ♉]

Adresse : 2 rue Florentin

Métier : Mathématicien, physicien, militaire

Fonction(s) : Elu député du Pas-de-Calais à la Convention nationale le 5 septembre 1792 ; membre du Comité de salut public depuis le 14 août 1793, il le quitte le 7 octobre 1794 mais y siège à nouveau un mois plus tard, jusqu’au 6 mars 1795.

Jacques-Nicolas Billaud, dit BILLAUD-VARENNE

Age : Né à La Rochelle, 38 ans en Thermidor an II [23 avril 1756 ♉]

Adresse : 40 rue Saint-André-des-Arts

Métier : Avocat

Fonction(s) : Député de Paris à la Convention depuis le 7 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 5 septembre 1793

Jean-Marie Collot, dit COLLOT d'HERBOIS

Age : Né à Paris, 45 ans en Thermidor an II [19 juin 1749 ♊]

Adresse : 4 rue Favart (3ème étage)

Métier : Acteur, directeur de théâtre

Fonction(s) : Elu député de Paris à la Convention le 6 septembre 1792, membre du Comité de Salut Public depuis le 5 septembre 1793.

[r0binphobic]

If I ever saw Saint-Just

Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just, it’s on sight.

/pos

[anotherhumaninthisworld]

Is there a list of frev figures who claimed to be at the storming of the Bastille? The people I know who said they at least witnessed it is pretty eclectic like Herault, Léon and Saint-Just.

I found all the (official?) ”vainqueurs de la Bastille” listed in alfabethical order here (1889). However, according to Michael J. Sydenham’s Léonard Bourdon: The Career of a Revolutionary, 1754-1807, who’s subject of study claimed to belong to this group, simply holding this title was not a guarantee that you had actually taken part in the storming itself:

The only people found on the list that I myself recognized were those of the dantonist Louis Legendre, the girondin Claude Fauchet and the general Antoine Joseph Santerre. I therefore don’t know if the people claiming to have participated in the storming here below are just lying (saying you played a role in it after all being something that would easily better your patriotic reputation) or if their participation just wasn’t recorded (which doesn’t sound particulary hard to be true either):

Stanislas Fréron claims in a letter to Lucile Desmoulins dated October 18 1793, that both he, Barras and La Poype ”besieged” the Bastille.

Pierre Nicolas Berryer wrote in his memoirs that the Convention deputy Bourdon d’Oise participated in the storming of the Bastille, and still kept the blood stained coat he had worn during it five years later:

At the same time, and as if he felt the need to convince me even more of the strength of his mind, [Bourdon] took out from under his bed an oblong casket, in which was tucked the coat he had worn on the day of the storming of the Bastille… […] He took great care to point out to me that his coat was still covered with stains from the blood he had spilled at the Bastille. 

Albert Mathiez summarized in the article La vie de Héron racontée par lui-même (1925) a memoir the Committee of General Security spy François Héron wrote while imprisoned after thermidor. In it, he would have claimed to have participated in the storming of the Bastille, as well as the women’s march on Versailles, the demonstration of June 20 and the Insurrection of August 10.

According to Dictionnaire des parlementaires français (…) de 1789 à 1889, Jacques-Alexis Thuriot took part in the storming.

Regarding some more well known guys and their Bastille activities, Desmoulins, in a letter written to his father written July 16, leaves a rather detailed description of the storming. Through the following part, he does however indicate that he himself missed it:

Then, the cannon of the French Guards made a breach. Bourgeois, soldiers, everyone rushes forward. An engraver climbs up first, they throw him down and break his legs. A luckier French guard followed him, seized a gunner, defended himself, and the place was stormed in half an hour. I started running at the first cannon shot, but the Bastille was already taken, in two and a half hours, a miracle that is.

Camille also adds that, on July 15, he was among the people who scaled the ruins of the stormed Bastille:

However, I felt even more joy the day before, when I climbed into the breach (montai sur la brèche) of the surrendered Bastille, and the flag of the Guards and the bourgeois militias was raised there. The most zealous patriots were there. We embraced each other, we kissed the hands of the French guards, crying with joy and intoxication.

On July 23 1789, Robespierre wrote a letter to Antoine Buissart telling him he had gotten to see the ”liberated” Bastille, but he had of course not participated in the storming himself:

I’ve seen the Bastille, I was taken there by a detachment of the brave bourgeois militia that had taken it; because after leaving town hall, on the day of the king's trip, the armed citizens took pleasure in escorting out of honor the deputies they met, and they could only march among acclamations from the people. What a delightful abode the Bastille has been since it came into the power of the people, its dungeons are empty and a multitude of workers work tirelessly to demolish this odious monument to tyranny! I could not tear myself away from this place, the sight of which only gives sensations of pleasure and ideas of liberty to all good citizens.

According to Danton: le mythe et l’histoire (2016), Danton did not take part in the actual storming of the Bastille, however, the following day he went to the abandoned prison and took the provisional governor hostage:

Absent from the storming of the Bastille, it was on the night of July 15 to 16 that Danton took action. At the head of a patrol of the bourgeois guard of his district, of which he proclaimed himself captain, he claimed, we do not know in what capacity, to enter the "castle of the Bastille,” placed under the control of the elector Soulès, as provisional governor. Without worrying about his powers, Danton has him kidnapped and taken to City Hall, surrounded by a threatening crowd. But Soulès was released the next day upon the intervention of La Fayette; Danton's initiative was openly disavowed and blamed by the assembly of electors.

According to Clifford D. Connor, Marat wrote the following about his activities on July 14 1789 in number 36 of l’Ami du peuple (12 November 1789):

[psalm22-6]

Comoedia, 5 February 1934 (note the picture of Harry Baur by the masthead!) So I learned that the 1934 Les Mis film premiered two nights before a far-right anti-government riot! And you can feel that there was a crisis about to happen in this account of the movie's premiere:

A rough start to the night: there’s the taxi driver’s strike and there’s the parliamentary crisis. The latest information passed from mouth to mouth and most journalists arrived late, bearing the most recent news. “So Emile Fabre is jumping ship?” [Fabre was the director of the Comédie-Française and was apparently being pressured to leave.] “It’s a scandal!” “It’s disgraceful!” “What folly!” “And who is replacing him?” “George Thomé.” [Thomé was a musician as well as the former director the Sûreté.] “Seriously?! They’re going to be cuffing the Comedie-Francaise.” Emile Fabre makes his entrance, followed by his charming daughter. He is just as soon surrounded and interrogated. “I don’t understand! I don’t understand!” “No one understands.” “There is too much to understand.” Our editor-in-chief, who has not always been fond of Emile Fabre, is spotted by his side; he shakes his hand cordially and I note that Pierre Lazareff [editor-in-chief of Paris-Soir] notes this effusive sympathy. A political star enters!...M. [François] Piétri [briefly the Minister of Finance]…thoughtfully and hurriedly, he passes by on swift feet which recently exercised a wise retreat that was, if I dare say, a step ahead of wisdom. He joins Mme. Piétri….It’s impossible to get him to open up!... Caught up in the commotion of the crowd, I hear this brief dialog between a political columnist and a deputy: “And how are your ‘misérables’ doing?” “They are waiting for their Monseigneur Myriel!” The huge Marignan theater is too cramped for this crowd of guests. Luckily Jean-José Frappa and his second in command, Mme. Audibert, thought of everything, took care of everything… And everyone is able to get to the coat check and find his place easily. Because the taxi strike and political events delayed hundreds of people, who then arrived all at once and with haste, this was not an easy task. Who was there? Tout-Paris...I randomly noted with my pencil: Messueirs Paul Abram, Achard, De Adler, Berneuil, Archimbaud, André Aron, Arnaud, Louis Aubert, Aubin, Kujay, Kertée, Azaïs, Bacré, Barthe, Baschet, Baudelocque, Harry-Baur, Bavelier, Robert de Beauplan, Antonin Bédier, Pierre Benoit, Mme Spinelly, Charles Delac and Marcel Vandal, Léon Benoit-Deutsch, André Lang, René Lehmann, Bellanger, Mag Bernard, Tristan Bernard, Jean-Jacques Bernard, Louis Bernard, Dr. Etiënne Bernard (all the Bernards!)...Bernheim, Bernier, Guilaume Besnard, Bétove, Bizet, Blumsteien, Mme Rocher, Boesflug, Pierre de la Boissière, Bollaert, Bouan, Boucher, Robert Bos, Pierre Bost, Paul Brach, Henry Roussell, Charles Burguet, Pierre Brisson, Simone Cerdan, Henry Clerc, Albert Clemenceau, Pière Colombier, Germaine Dulac,Henri Diamant-Berger, Julien Duvivier,Jean Epstein, Fernand Gregh, Mary Glory, René Heribel, Tania Fédor, Alice Field, Jacqueline Francell, Mary Marquet, Florelle, Marguerite Moreno, Françoise Rosay, Becq de Fouquière, Jean Servais, Vidalin, Maria Vaisamaki, Orane Demazis, Rachel Deviry, Rosine Deréan, Jacques Deval, Christiane Delyne, Renée Devillers, Jean Chataigner, Germaine Dermoz, Léon Voltera, Robert Trébor, our director, Jean Laffray, Lucie Derain, Paul Gordeaux, Jean Narguet, Parlay, Suzet Maïs, Antoine Rasimi, Renée de Saint-Cyr, Jean Toulout, Mady Berry, Yolande Laffont, Jean Max, Parysis, Charles Gallo, Léo Poldès, Jean Fayard, Edmonde Guy, Mario Roustan, Paul Strauss, Cavillon, Emile Vuillermoz, Josselyne Gaël, Charles Vanel, S. E. Si Kaddour ben Gabhrit, the duke and duchess of Mortemart, Madame Henry Paté, Marcel Prévost, Louise Weiss, Alfred Savoir, Henri Duvernois, Paul Gémon, magistrate Maurice Garçon, magistrate Campinchi, Sylvette Fillâcier, Jean Heuzé, Pierre, Heuzé, Mona Goya, Simon-Cerf, W.E. Hœndeler, Georges Midlarsky, Michel, Nadine Picard….and others I must be forgetting…pardon me!....Silence!....

In the glow of the half-light from the screen….there are applause! Not since les Croix de bois has a movie been so highly anticipated and now it is time for the verdict….Raymond Bernard can be sure that the audience is rooting for him. Our eyes are full with light and pretty colors. This Paris night is practically magical…and departing from that magic, we are plunged into the great river of les Misérables, into the furious waters of this social storm. Luckily André Lang and Raymond Bernard have made the trip for us. What contrast!  From the spectacle of an elegant and distinguished gathering, we move to the misfortunes of Jean Valjean.

The audience picks up on everything that could be an allusion to the present times. But of all these allusions, one stands out. It’s the lament of two gossips, at the moment when the barricades are rising. “What sad times!” “We’ve barely made it through the cholera…and here is the Republic!” Thunderous applause and mad laughter. When, on the barricades, the Republic calls on us to act, the spectators think of other promised actions which haven’t happened and they forget to applaud. But the whole audience is prodigiously virtuous; whenever a good deed is shown on the screen, when some sentence about the heart graces the white canvas, it is punctuated by applause. After the first film, stop!... Time to eat! There’s a mad dash to the punchbowl. In the haste of this day of crisis and running late, many in the audience did not have time for dinner….the buffet, in the blink of an eye, is emptied and the dry drinks make vindictive and impassioned discussions flow. High and low, here and there, everyone was speaking of the Parliment's chances and the intermission bell sounds in an atmosphere charged with electricity. The two other parts of the film, cut by another intermission, each end with a double ovation for Harry Baur, both in the lobby and in the theater. The little Gaby Triquet is passed from person to person towards a chocolate eclair, which she leaves a trace of on the cheeks of Harry Baur. And then as usual everyone rushes to the coat check.  Then we go to the fifth floor of the Marignan building. There, in an unoccupied apartment, dinner waits for us. There are more than a thousand of us around little eight-person tables. Ten thousand meters of film, that will make you hungry! Three orchestras pour out waltzes, tangos, and other tunes, while the masters of the hotel fill up our cups. And that continued to six thirty in the morning, in an atmosphere of charming cordiality as each person attested to the pleasure of seeing French cinema accomplish such a feat. Bernard Natan and Raymond Bernard were too surrounded for me to speak to them. Besides, what could I say to them that they haven’t already heard ten times, a hundred times, a thousand times that evening, which was the apotheosis of cinema and of Les Misérables. -Jean-Pierre Liausu

[earthly-apples]

SJ brainrot is too strong

The thing blocking me from. Sketching Jehan for the asks is Edgelord Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just.

-

Also can we talk about how people are not agreeing on how he looks like. His face ranges from shorter to loooooooong. His eyes goes from small (text) to anime (engraving). He has Jacobin micro bangs that can be short, long, straight, or curly (painting, engraving, sculpture). Nose shapes differ slightly but people generally agree it was prominent. Lips thickness also display an interesting range.

He stands on a spectrum, from St. Michel to Paul McCartney.

Truly the MysteryGuy TM.

[jidegouveia-blog]

" Um povo tem apenas um inimigo perigoso, o seu governo. "

Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just(1767-1794)

.

Tudo de bom 👍

.

Gratidão

.

#Instagram

#autoridade

#lei

#homens

#sobre

[robespapier]

I’ve been asked how to pronounce Saint-Just’s full name, so here you go: ;) 

Here pronounced intentionnally with pauses between Louis | Antoine | Léon | de Saint-Just. I also choose to keep the particle in “de Saint-Just”, and to pronounce Saint-Just as “Saint-Juste” instead of “Saint-Ju”. Idk how Saint-Just himself pronounced it? In La Terrreur et la Vertu (1964) it’s “Saint-Juste”, in Un peuple et son roi (2018) “Saint-Ju”. 

I think by the rules of today’s pronunciation Saint-Just would be “Saint-Ju”, a “e” would be needed at the end to make “Saint-Juste.” But Idk about 18C pronunciation, which was less “flat” than today’s French, I think? And “Saint-Juste” could be favoured because it’s prettier (in my opinion, it’s a matter of taste) and sounds more like “juste= fair, right, just” and as such has better symbolism for a revolutionnary. 

I’ve made a second recording without pause between the words, but apparently can’t post two recordings in one post, nor in a reblog. I’ll make a second post. 

[no-this-is-a-crayon]

Nooo don't get guillotined ur so sexy haha

[frevandrest]

Why did SJ drop his first name?

I am not sure he ever fully dropped it. (?) It is true that "Louis" became unfashionable because of the revolution, but it was also SJ father's name. I believe that he used "Louis" even after the start of the revolution. Like here in 1790, when he was a godfather to a baby in his village: he is listed as Louis de St Just. Also, I've read in Vinot's biography that SJ's book L'esprit de la révolution et de la constitution de la France was published in June 1791 under the name Louis Léon de Saint-Just. Monar also says in his biography that SJ used "Louis Léon" in the family.

I also think there are some political speeches (?) where he is listed as Louis, but I can't find them now. (Maybe even as late as 1792, at the Jacobin club and the Convenion? - I will need to check). Of course, earlier revolution was different than the post-Varennes/post-founding of the Republic revolution, which might have affected the decision to stop using Louis.

It does seem that "Antoine" prevailed, though, especially in later years. Revolution was probably the reason, at least partially, although it was not unusual for people with common names to use their other names instead. Not that "Antoine" was particularly rare, but you get the idea. According to Wallon, he gave "Antoine Saint-Just" as his name during idenfitifaction on 10 Thermidor.

[pandora-morningstar]

Ikemen vampire revolutionary oc's

Jean-paul Marat is a resident of Comte's mansion and works as a independent journalist. He loves the freedom of the press and investigative journalism. He can be serious when the time comes but other then that he likes to make mini bulletin boards for the residents with local news. He also has a scar on his chest from when Charlotte Corday stabbed him in his bath, he dose forgive her and realised he went a bit overboard and was blinded by anger, he named his pet ferret in her honour

Georges-Jacques Danton is another resident of Comte's mansion, he's a bit uneasy after his death but finds comfort in Napoleon and Vincent. He gives pep talks to the residents struggling with anything and he likes to help others along with his pet french bulldog Noir. He got on his knees and begged Charles for forgiveness, apologizing for everything him and Robespierre put him through. All he wanted was the best for France.

Louis-Antoine-Léon de Saint-Just is a resident of Vlad's castle and Robespierre's lap dog, always following him around like a loyal pet. He works as Robespierre's secretary, he had trained his pet squirrel Fleur to run back and forth between him and Robespierre to deliver messages. He has only one regret and that is he and Robespierre didn't make it official but he dose wear a promise ring.

Maximilien Robespierre is another resident of Vlad's castle and good god is he psychotic. He works as a lawyer and he's damn good at it. He has three passions 1) to traumatize Charles even more 2) his work as a lawyer and 3) feeding wild pigeons at the park. Speaking pigeons, in his office and room there is a bird cage for his pet pigeon Clementine. He wears a promise ring that Saint-just got him. His nickname is Satan.

[histoireettralala]

A short history of dueling in France

Dueling is a custom of fighting by arms, according to precise rules, to settle a dispute between two adversaries, one asking the other for compensation for an offense or a wrong. In Europe, it is preceded by a challenge, usually signified by a cartel. The fight takes place in front of arbitrators, now called witnesses, who ensure compliance with the rules and specific conventions fixed in advance (number of  hits by bladed weapon or firearm). In a pleasure duel (to show off) the number of hits is fixed. In a duel to the death, we speak of "excessive duel".

The duel was aimed at regulating and limiting the violence caused by a conflict between two individuals. By fixing the terms for the resolution of the conflict, it obliged the opposing parties to agree through dialogue on settled upon conditions and constituted a kind of contractual criminal law, the judicial duel. Integrated in the late Middle Ages into criminal procedure by different customs, the legal duel evolved between the Hundred Years War and the Renaissance in private law contracts as parliaments refined the case law and the monarchy grew stronger. In modern times, the duel is no more than a form of bravado against ordinary law, the duel of the point of honor.

A form of dueling was observed in other societies, in particular in Japan, but it was then a practice reserved for the military. However, by imposing individual weapons of war, that is to say by prohibiting the use of fists, for example, the duel mainly concerned  the nobility, trained in fencing and shooting. The gentlemen ended up condescending to indulge themselves only among themselves: "Game of hands, game of villains". The spirit which governed it thus gave more value to dignity than to life, to manner rather than to interest, and claimed the primacy of individual freedom to regulate its affairs over recourse to public justice. Defended in the past by both supporters of an aristocratic regime and by Republicans, dueling is nowadays prohibited in most countries.

The oldest known form of the duel seems to be the judicial duel practiced by the Ancient Germans, already reported by Caesar. This form has slowly evolved over the centuries to lead to the duel of honor. To settle private disputes, you can fight, the gods will decide. In 502 among the Burgundians, the Gombette law codified the custom and introduced the concept of "champion."

The Church disapproved and fought against a custom deeply rooted in European culture.

The rules were the same everywhere: there is a gesture of defiance, it is noted, the meeting takes place in a closed, delimited place, there is a search to ensure that the combatants are on equal terms, and this is done in front of witnesses and after a religious ceremony.

The defeated duelist, found guilty, was hanged.

In 805 Charlemagne introduced the use of the stick in duels. However the stick would quickly become the weapon of the commoners while the nobles fought with the sword.

The Kings of France opposed it, especially during the 13th century. Saint Louis (Louis IX) in his Great Ordinance of 1254, wanted to return in judicial matters to the evidence by witnesses. Little by little, the nobility began to consider the duel as a way to challenge royal authority, and thereby assert their independence.

Philippe le Bel (Philippe IV) officially reintroduced the judicial duel by restricting it to the most serious crimes, by imposing financial formalities, and prohibiting it in time of war. The number of duels drastically decreased.

On July 10, 1547, the famous duel in Saint-Germain-en-Laye between Guy Chabot de Jarnac and François de La Châtaigneraie brought about the end of the legal duels.

Time for the great hours of the duel of point of honor!

The latter developed following the Italian wars. People defied royal power for any reason. For the most futile reasons, they challenge and killed each other and themselves, because they had to "defend their honor." It was part of the everyday landscape.

The King of France no longer giving permission to fight, people did without it, the legal duel then taking on a new form in the 16th century, the duel of the point of honor. In the desire to brave the growing royal power, they fought for any reason, and if necessary they invented a pretext concerning their honor (private or public) when the desire came to want to simply confront another with weapons in hand . The duel became a fashion, and under the influence of the Italian masters, the sword became its almost exclusive weapon with the dagger and, sometimes, the spear. The witnesses, called "seconds", from passive actors  they were at the start, took more and more part in the duels they were supposed to arbitrate. In 1652, during the duel of the Dukes of Nemours and Beaufort, there were ten people who fought together in the horse market where the meeting took place. Three people were killed and several injured.

It was a massive phenomenon; people fought in the squares of towns and villages, in the streets, especially in the woods. Some places were very famous with duelists. Where is the current Place des Vosges, a large space near the Porte Saint-Antoine was very popular with duelists.

These duels escaped justice and clerical power. The Council of Trent may excommunicate the duellists, nothing helps. In France, between 1588 and 1608, more than 10,000 gentlemen killed themselves in a duel (and that only counts the nobles!), 4,000 in the year 1607 alone according to contemporaries: it is more than the Wars of Religion.

The Kings opposed it; we can note a large number of prohibition edicts, particularly from 1599 (1599, 1602, 1613, 1617, 1623). But they were themselves part of this combative aristocracy, and showed indulgence towards the duellists (Henri IV signed many graces in such circumstances - 7000 in 19 years).

Many nobles stupidly perished in a duel and the ban became a necessity. The state assumed the " monopoly of violence" and determined to tame the nobility. But it was with Richelieu, whose brother had been killed in a duel, that the fight against the duel took a sharp turn (for a moment). Now the duel, assimilated to high treason, was to be punished with death.

On February 6, 1626, Richelieu prohibited dueling.

"Sire, it is a matter of strangling duels or strangling Your Majesty's laws."

No mercy for the duellists, it would be exile or beheading.

And on June 22, 1627 was beheaded François de Montmorency-Bouteville for fighting in broad daylight, Place Royale, against François II d'Harcourt, Marquis de Beuvron, who fled to England. The scandal of a youth killing themselves for frivolous reasons was denounced at the very heart of the Court by the great poet Malherbe whose son, himself a duelist who had received a pardon, was assassinated on July 13, 1627 for having prevented a duel.

The very severe sentence raised a wave of protest from the nobles, but the king and the cardinal did not flinch, and the execution for the example took place.

The repression continued under Louis XIV, Louis XVI .. The duels still existed (even ecclesiastics were fond of them,such as the Cardinal de Retz) they were only more discreet. In the woods, for example. There were areas of lawlessness like the Court of Miracles in Paris, where you could fight.

The Revolution abolished the royal edicts, and the duel made a powerful comeback. Except that it was now democratized: now everyone was fighting. At the fall of the Empire, demobilized officers attacked the Prussians or the legitimists. People were fighting for anything. And anywhere. In 1808, two men fought in balloons above Paris - one of the combatants was shot down and died with his witness. In 1843, two others fought with billiard balls.

In 1834 the Count of Chatauvillard published his Essay on the Duel, a true manual for the duelist.

Everyone was fighting. Debates in the Assembly often ended in a closed field with witnesses. This was the time of the cloak and daggers novels, whose authors themselves fought in duels. All the big names of the time duelled at least once.

Between 1826 and 1834 there were in France more than two hundred dead by duel.

Now for some famous duels of the XIXth century:

On May 31, 1832, Evariste Gallois, 20 years old, very brilliant and promising mathematician, just after having published his theory of ambiguity (which is still studied today), died in a duel with a lieutenant of cavalry who was more experienced than him.

On July 24, 1836, Armand Carrel died while fighting against Emile de Girardin.

A famous pistol duel took place in Saint Petersburg on January 27, 1837, and the great Russian writer Alexandre Pushkin was killed by French Lieutenant Georges d'Anthès.

During the Belle Epoque, highly regulated duels were stopped at first blood. It was a great passion.

We can find among the duelists Ledru-Rollin, Proudhon, Alexandre Dumas, Lamartine, Victor Hugo, Adolphe Thiers, Léon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, Aristide Briand, Léon Blum, Georges Clemenceau (12 personal duels plus 5 as a witness for the Tiger!), Marcel Proust (yes, even him!), and the future presidents Raymond Poincaré and Paul Deschanel.

Men, you might think. Well ... not only!

Without counting the famous Julie d'Aubigny (Mademoiselle de Maupin) with her novel-like life, we can mention the famous duel which in September 1718 opposed two lovers of the Duke of Richelieu (not the Cardinal ... but a descendant of his family), the Marquise de Nesle and the Comtesse de Polignac. They fought for his love and got little for their pains, since the Duke left them both for the Regent's daughter.

The Great War will be a game-changer. It is possible that only something that big could durably affect society to the point it would give up such a long held tradition. After such devastation and the priority given to collective defense rather than individual combat, to die "for honor" suddenly seemed very absurd.

Some nostalgics continued, but the duel fell out of favor.

The last duel in France happened in 1967 between two parliamentarians, Gaston Defferre and René Ribière (because one said to the other in the middle of the Assembly: Shut up, you idiot!)

And nowadays... Some lone voices still talk about dueling.

Sources:

Wikipedia, le Duel (Article in French)

www.defense.gouv.fr

Pariszigzag, l'Histoire Insolite des duels et de leur répression

Ouest France, Edition du Soir, Pourquoi les Français ont adoré les duels ? 3 mai 2017

Infos Toulouse, Le duel: un code d'honneur historique, 9 août 2019

[karinrobby]

Aujourd'hui on fête l'anniversaire de Louis Antoine Léon Saint Just, né le 25 Août 1767. https://www.instagram.com/p/CETpWuYHzGYD8jl2GSeR-TQuWXI5JUoIenGMb80/?igshid=h1iyc0q0wrw

[georgesdamnton]

Anon asked:

Forgive me for this since I'm not so well versed on the French Revolution and I don't know of any other places to ask. According to some Robespierrists on 4chan, Robespierre never had any love affairs, nor did he have any interest in sex, money, food, art, nature, or anything but politics, and he was only 5'0. What I've just stated is used by 4chan Robespierrists to claim that Robespierre was very cute and pure, [redacted offensive ignorance or joke maybe.. idk i’m just not posting this bit]. Is this true?

Bro don’t.. bro don’t go on 4chan… for anything.. what are you…. why would you.. I mean… ugh. 4chan? really? ugh... don’t do that.

If thou aren’t well-versed sir/madam/citoyen/comrade then thou might not know that I’m the last person to ask anything about anything because I take nothing seriously and I’m Stupid.

Ok anyway let’s get into like.. every aspect of Max (or Robespierre if you wanna go by formalities whiCH I DON’T):

First of all, I don’t know how to tell you this, actually I do and I’m just gonna tell you, Max and Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just fucked. Likely more than once. Here’s a hot-take: literally every queer dude in history gets assigned the “he died a virgin” narrative and now it’s the 21st century we have a duty to look at the massive amount of evidence and go “sorry dude Max said gay rights” and then reject the flimsy cover story that’s been passed around. At least Max got the side story of “a man friends with a woman? that’s impossible, clearly they were a thing” most historical queers aren’t as fortunate and only get the “bitch died alone. F” But he wasn’t outwardly sexual like that fine piece of ass Georges Jacques Danton if that’s what you mean

As for money, he was a bourgeois lawyer so like. Yknow. Plus a bitch dressed Fine and that shit ain’t free. Just ask Marat, in his tatty-ass overcoats and baggy-ass trousers. Can’t spell middle-class without mild.. ass… yeah I don’t know where I was going with that moving on

Food.. I mean… He’s gotta eat or he’ll die because that’s how humans work and all. I mean I don’t know if. I mean maybe he didn’t eat food. Maybe he was some New Human who didn’t need silly things like food. Who knows. Who can prove it. Maybe he was actually a tree that someone put a coat on as a joke and then one thing led to another and he’s in charge of the french government. Who knows.

Who the fuck has interest in art. Arts stupid. I don’t care about art and neither should you.

Nature: Camille Desmoulins took a leaf and held it above his head with as much revolutionary fervour as he could muster and, to the people who had gathered around him, he cried: “fuck it. this leaf is what I’m about now. fuckin leaf revolution. that’s what this is. fuck yeah.” and Max lived the rest of his life wishing he’d been so bold. And that’s my answer to that. Hope it helps.

Having no interest in anything but politics isn’t remotely true. I have no interest in anything but politics, but Max was a pretty well-rounded dude. I mean the guy had a life and a personality and a family and friends and hobbies and things he liked. His notorious quirks are that he loved pigeons and oranges (wait guys... consider........ orange pigeons....) Lotta memes about those. And he wrote a poem about loving fruit tarts so much that the poem could go in the point about interest in sex because it is Something Else. And his poem about loving fruit tarts is key in getting to know him because what better signifies what a fucking loser this dude was than a poem about loving fruit tarts. I mean look anywhere except 4chan and you’ll find all sorts of fun stuff about him. Maybe start with interactions with the other revolutionaries? His friends at the Cordeliers Club always have fun stories.. And his siblings are sweet. I can link you up with some fun anecdotes if you want, so hmu

He was 5'1" so not far off. Do note that the the average height for a man in France at the time was 5'3" and therefore he was considered Not An Especially Short Fellow. Which is why Danton, who was only 6'0", was considered “the largest giantest biggest man in the whole universe what the fuck how is he so tall aaaaah” by most contemporary sources.

YEAH DAMN RIGHT MY BOI IS VERY CUTE AND PURE!! LOOK AT HIS FACE:

That’s the face of a man trying his best. In a flower crown. Which I edited onto him for a shitpost. And have saved in a more easily accessible folder than the original. But I think it drives the point home. So yeah.