#Lord Rayleigh

[younes-ben-amara]

الدرس 9 من دورة جين فريدمان عن كيفية كسب العيش من الكتابة – الجمعة في رديف 🖊️💰

ما هذه المجموعة من المختارات تسألني؟ إنّها عددٌ من أعداد نشرة “صيد الشابكة” اِعرف أكثر عن النشرة هنا: ما هي نشرة “صيد الشابكة” ما مصادرها، وما غرضها؛ وما معنى الشابكة أصلًا؟! 🎣🌐هل تعرف ما هي صيد الشابكة وتطالعها بانتظام؟ اِدعم استمرارية النشرة بطرق شتى من هنا: 💲 طرق دعم نشرة صيد الشابكة. بالشراكة مع ميكو أفرغ بريدك الوارد! 🎣🌐 صيد الشابكة العدد #199 السلام عليكم؛ مرحبًا وبسم الله؛ بخصوص…

[whoishotteranimepolls]

"Who's Hotter?" Anime Gilf Battle

[naniguini]

A gift poll for me (I've written this thing 6 times already and tumblr doesn't want it to be seen please read it)

Propaganda & anti-propaganda below

Silvers Rayleigh (One Piece)

PROS

He's been there and done that

Has grandpa energy

Swordsman

Steals from the rich

One of the two man the empress of a women only country trusts

His wife

His red-hair son

CONS

Disappears from time to time just to get money, drink and gamble

Hasn't move on from his previous relationship with his captain (guy's been dead for 24 years but also understandable)

Karl Heisenberg (Resident Evil Village)

PROS

Knows what he wants kinda man

So full of rizz, to the point that many fans wish we could join him

Voiced by Neil Newbon

Metal bender

Has a cool hammer

His big sister

The way he says bitch

CONS

Family issues

Never uses the cool hammer

His boss fight could've been better

Carries out human experiments

Odin (Record of Ragnarok)

PROS

His manga design

His funny birds

His red-haired son

CONS

There's not a lot of info about him right now

His crazy faces (or is this a pro?)

Poll here

[quinloki]

I’m going to take my shot at not quite musical chairs.

I’m going with “Sober” by Lorde?

-🌕

Oh I have to go with Kid - and maybe specifically in a more modern AU. There's a vibe of just not wanting to admit how deep they've both fallen that feels good for Kid.

It's a little too... gentle for Canon, in my opinion, but I can see it in that modern vibe.

I could also see it for Rayleigh - a younger one maybe. Before he even set sail with Roger honestly. Just... someone who you know you're not going to be able to have all to yourself, whether you're okay with it or not, but that you don't want to leave.

Not quite musical chairs

[ikkaku-of-heart]

Tomasu’s Candid Opinions on Golden Age Characters Part 2

Sengoku: “I don’t like many Marines. He’s definitely not among the few exceptions. Pretty sure if he knew I was alive, he’d try t’ arrest me, an’ not even just for my smuggler career. Got a real black ‘n white view of things that hasn’t changed.”

Tsuru: “Ok, her I at least respect. Tsuru was always the clever one. Was kinda fun, tryin’ t’ outmaneuver her. Had t’ actually use my brain to deal with her. Still couldn’t do shit against me goin’ underwater though.”

Oden: “Nice guy. Shit ruler, though. He just up an’ left it all because, what, he was bored? Ed said I was envious, an’ maybe I was, but still doesn’t change the fact that he had it all, an’ he ran away from his responsibilities. It wasn’t even his criminal record that kept him away from home like mine did. Then when he did go back, he never even opened Wano’s boarders. Only thing I really respected was that he clearly loved his wife an’ kids. Think that’s where mosta my envy came from.”

Rayleigh: “That man is the reason Roger fuckin’ lived long enough to become Pirate King. Held the most braincells on the ship, for sure, an’ his smarts are what made Roger the King of the Pirates. I’m still not entirely sure why a man with his mind put up with Roger’s madness, though. I sure couldn’t’ve done it.”

[aklingolgesi]

ISI VE SICAKLIĞIN DOĞASI: BÖLÜM 2 | TERMAL RADYASYON VE KUANTUM

Bir maddenin ısınması ne demek? Bir maddenin sıcaklığı neyi temsil eder? Isı nasıl aktarılır? Geçen haftaki videoda modern termodinamik öncesi ısı ve sıcaklık anlayışı ile termodinamik yasalarının gelişimini konu almıştık. Bu devam videosunda ise ısı ile sıcaklık kavramları arasındaki farkı ve ısı alışverişinin gerçekleşme yollarını inceleyecek, sonrasında da kuantum dünyasının kapılarını…

[alexa-fika]

UR WRITING AMAZING MATEE

Pls do more of Rayleigh and shakky those story u posted heal my childhood, they r like the type of parents I wish I had.

Thank you so much for ur work and ofc u don’t gotta do this if u don’t wanna or don’t do requests but thanks have a good one :)

Special Treasure (Rayleigh x gn!child!reader x Shakky)

A/N: YALL I HAVE COME BACK WITH A COOK AM I WRONG OR AM I RIGHT?? Toothroting, cavity inducing heart stopping cuteness ahead

Dividers by @/saradika

“Reader, where were you? Rayleigh questions as he sees his grandchild coming into the bar on top of Millo, their usual Smiledon Companion covered in dirt and grass, his wife in front of him preparing drinks, glancing at the child questioningly

“Outside!”

Rayleigh smiled softly as he approached the child, kneeling down slightly to meet them. Grabbing them from the large feline and putting them on their hip

“What were you doing outside?”

“Causing trouble, I bet?” pipes in Shakky

“We were exploring.”

“Mm, of course,” Rayleigh raises his brow at his wife, who nods along knowingly.

“Exploring, eh?” The white-haired man asks with a sly smirk

“Where were you exploring?”

They stay silent, playing with their grandfathers hair, trying to evade their gaze as they shrug

“Hm,” Rayleigh muttered

He then raises his eyebrows.

“You think I'm going to get mad?” his voice was light yet stern

“Yeah,” they say, hiding their face into their neck and continuing to play with his hair

Rayleigh chuckles, rubbing their head with one hand as he speaks to them.

“Well, I'm not...I know how it is. Being young and curious.”

“But you should never go off without telling someone where you're going.."

“But I went with Millo!” They exclaim, pulling their head out and gesturing at the large feline

“I mean a proper person,” Rayleigh chuckles,

“Millo, doesn’t count”

The toothed cat lets out a small indignant yowl at his comment, Reader reacting similarly with an offended gasp

Rayleigh scoffed at the cat's reaction, finding it amusing.

“There, there, Millo, you'll live.” Shakky Laughs.

“You're lucky you're adorable, isn't that right?” he said, looking at the cat.

“You're being mean to Millo Grandpa!”

“Now, Now both of you know I didn’t mean it like that,” Rayleigh says with a frown,

“but you need to understand it makes your gramps and gran worry, alright? You're our treasure, you know?”

“Im sorry,”

Shakky smiles, opening her arms for Rayleigh to pass them to her, he smiles obliging her silent request

“Come here” she says taking a hold of them

“We’re not mad, As we said, you are really important, and we simply worry, there are dangerous and gross people not far from here.”

“I just wanted to explore a little, but I didn’t mean to go far. “

Rayleigh scoffs and pulls the child into his arms, planting several kisses upon their cheek,

“It's fine... Just let me know next time where you are exploring; I know you're more than capable on your own, but still, I'd like to have an idea of where to look for you."

“Oke”

“Now that we got that out of the way, what were you doing that got you covered in dirt?”

They shuffle in their grandmother's arms, digging something from their small backpack

“I was getting you guys flowers!” They exclaim, pulling said plants out and handing two roughly arrays of flowers

Rayleigh’s face breaks out into a smile,

“For Us, you brought us flowers?”

They nod excitedly handing them the mix-match bouquet of flowers

The elderly couple exchange a look before embracing the child, who is now buried within the confines of their affection.

What do we think? Originally I thought it was missing something but I re-read it and I really like it, what are our thoughts? Im going to try the Dokusha reader for a test run, btw it’s about a certain lazy ice lord 👀. Im editing it right now maybe even a second part today if yall like it?

Taglist:

@imaginarydreams

@amethystviolin

@h0n3y-l3m0n05

[olinblogin]

REQUEST MASTERLIST! (REDONE)

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What fandoms I will write for;

-Lego Monkie Kid

-One Piece

-One Punch Man

-Assassination Classroom (limited characters)

-COD (call of duty, any game)

-ATSV (across the spiderverse)

-TADC (the amazing digital circus)

-Dandy’s World

-Pressure (only like three characters I’ll write for💔)

-Regretevator

-Cookie Run

-Arcane

What fandoms i won’t write for;

-Genshin Impact/Honkai impact

-Seven Deadly Sins

-Obey Me/Obey Me nightbringer

-FNF (Friday night funkin)

-MHA (my hero academia)

-Hazbin Hotel/Helluva boss

-other fandoms that have problematic backgrounds

WHAT I WILL WRITE!!!

-platonic

-light angst

-fluff

-slightly suggestive content (will have a warning)

-slightly suggestive content (not full on nfsw)

-childhood romance (no suggestive stuff)

-teen romance (no suggestive stuff)

-Reader x character

-character x character (very rarely)

-character x Reader x character

-polycules/polyamory (multiple characters x reader)

-T4T (trans for trans relationships)

-F4F (femme for femme relationship)

-M4M (masc for masc relationship)

-F4TF (femme for trans femme)

-F4TM (femme for trans masc)

-F4TNB (femme for trans non binary)

-F4A (femme for any)

-M4TF (masc for trans femme)

-M4TM (masc for trans masc)

-M4TNB (masc for trans non binary)

-M4A (masc for any)

-LGBTQ content

-Yandere Content (not extreme)

WHAT I WILL NOT WRITE!!!

- major nsfw

-r@pe/noncon/dubcon

-cnc (consensual non-consent)

-child x adult

-abusive scenarios

-anything to do with children involved in anything sexual

-racism

-ableism

-unsanitary fetishes (i.e. scat, wound f*cking, etc)

-severe angst

-s*icide & s*lf h*rm

- extreme Yandere stuff (r@pe, cannibalism, etc)

CHARACTER’S I’LL BE WRITING FOR

ARCANE

- Viktor

- Jayce Talis

- Vi

- Jinx

- Sevika

- Caitlyn Kiraaman

- Mel Medarda

- Ambessa Medarda

- Salo

- Lest

- Vander

- Silco

- Ekko

LEGO MONKIE KID

- MK (Qi Xioatian)

-Mei Dragon

-Redson

-Sun Wukong

-Six Eared Macaque

-Ao Lie

-Lady Bone Demon

-The Mayor

-Yin & Jin

-Tang

-Pigsy (mostly platonic)

-Sandy (mostly platonic)

-Nezha (platonic)

-Bai He (platonic)

ONE PIECE

- Monkey D. Luffy

-Vinsmoke Sanji

-Roronora Zoro

-Usopp

-Nico Robin

-Franky

-Chopper (platonic)

-Nami

-Jinbei

-Donquixte Doflamingo

-Donquixte Rosiante

-Boa Hancock

-Dracule Mihawk

-Crocodile

-Shanks

-Rayleigh

-Portgaz D. Ace

-Marco

-Thatch

-Izou

-Edward Newgate, Whitebeard (mostly platonic)

-Eustass Kidd

-Jewelry Bonney

-Killer

-Sabo

-Trafalgar Law

-Buggy

-Smoker

-Rob Luci

-Kalifa

-Yamato

-Perona

-Shaci

-Penguin

-Bepo (platonic)

ONE PUNCH MAN

-Saitama

-Genos

-Garou

-King

-Child Emporer (platonic)

-Metal Bat

-Speed O’ Sound Sonic

-Mumen Rider

-Watchdog Man (mostly platonic)

-Fubuki

-Atomic Samurai

-Lord Boros

-Bang

-Zombieman

-Flashy Flash

-Sweet Mask

-Charanko

COD - CALL OF DUTY (MW2/3)

-Simon “Ghost” Riley

-John “Soap” MacTavish

-John “Captain” Price

-Horangi (Hong-Jin)

-König

-Nikolai

-Valeria Garza/El Sin Nombre (F4F/NB/AFAB)

-Alejandro Vargas

-Phillip Graves

-Farah Karim

-Kyle “Gaz” Garrick

-Kate Laswell (F4F)

-Gary “Roach” Sanderson

ATSV - ACROSS THE SPIDERVERSE

-Miles Morales (platonic/fluff)

-Gwen Stacy (Platonic/Fluff)

-Pavitr Prabhakar (platonic/fluff)

-Prowler Miles (platonic/fuff)

-Peter B. Parker

-Jess Drew

-Miguel O’Hara

-Hobie Brown

TADC - THE AMAZING DIGITAL CIRCUS

-Pomni

-Jax

-Zooble

-Kaufmo

-Ragatha

-Gangle

-Caine

-Kinger

Dandy’s World

- Dandy

- Astro

- Vee

- Shelly

- Sprout

- Pebble (platonic)

- Glisten

- Flutter (platonic)

- Toodles (platonic)

- Rodger

- Teagan

- Brightney

- Scraps

- Goob

- Boxten

- Poppy

-Cosmo

- Finn

- Razzle & Dazzle (can be semi-poly)

- Shrimpo

COOKIE RUN

- Hollyberry Cookie

- Dark Cacao Cookie

- White Lily Cookie

- Golden Cheese Cookie

- Pure Vanilla Cookie

- Pitaya Dragon Cookie

- Burning Spice Cookie

- Shadow Milk Cookie

- Wind Archer Cookie

- Moonlight Cookie

- Sea Fairy Cookie

- Black Pearl Cookie

- Frost Queen Cookie

- Stormbringer Cookie

- Elder Faerie Cookie

- Crimson Coral Cookie

- Shining Glitter Cookie

- Stardust Cookie

- Clotted Cream Cookie

- Nutmeg Tiger Cookie

- Street Urchin Cookie

- Rebel Cookie

- Mozzarella Cookie

- Burnt Cheese Cookie

- Smoked Cheese Cookie

- Captain Caviar Cookie

- Financier Cookie

- Crunchy Chip Cookie

- Wildberry Cookie

- Affogato Cookie

- Tea Knight Cookie

- Lilac Cookie

- Red Velvet Cookie

- Almond Cookie

- Black Raisin Cookie

- Latte Cookie

- Kumiho Cookie

- Milk Cookie

- Werewolf Cookie

- Vampire Cookie

(There’s just a lot)

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IF YOU DON’T SEE ANY CHARACTERS OF INTERESTS YOU CAN (in dms if you prefer) ASK IF I’LL WRITE THEM! ^^

please as well reread the will/won’t write section if you’re feeling unsure!

[peachtea-broski]

Baby Bugs and Baby Shanks ft Rayleigh

Third person pov

Baby buggy and baby shanks were playing with eachother.

Baby buggy: I wanna be the pwince ( prince).

Baby shanks : No I will be the prince.

Baby buggy : but I wanna be pwince.

Baby shanks: no, you are very stoopid. Stoopid babies cannot be a prince . Booo

Baby buggy: * starts crying and runs to Rayleigh* shanks called me stupid .

Rayleigh: cmon now don't fight. Just call him stupid once then this is over.

Baby buggy: You are stupid shanks.

Baby shanks: no u are .

Baby buggy : wahhhhhh Ray saaaaannnnn.

Rayleigh: Good lord...

[c1qfxugcgy0]

Quirks and features of the James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a ten billion dollar space telescope that weighs 14,000 pounds, is the size of a bus, and took decades to construct. It's been in the news recently, you might have heard about it.

The development, launch and deployment of the JWST were fraught with unexpected setbacks, terror and frights, 344 "single-point failures", any one of which that, if they failed during deployment, could doom the entire spacecraft to uselessness, since it orbits far out beyond where any current manned spacecraft could even attempt a repair job.

The fact that it came online as smoothly as it did was something of a surprise to the people in charge. Given the miracle of it making it to space at all, the press coverage of JWST has focused on the positives. But a stroll through the JWST user documentation by a curious reader reveals much that is interesting, or interestingly broken. Such as..

Fun and games with infrared

Specifically, the JWST is an infrared telescope, designed to collect light that's redder than red. The two dedicated imaging instruments are the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) collecting light from 0.6 micrometers to 5.0 micrometers and the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) collecting light from 5.6 micrometers to 25.5 micrometers. (Though with significant light collected past 25.5 um by filter F2550W)

The wonderful thing about infrared astronomy is that everything emits blackbody radiation, and the hotter it is the more infrared it emits. The unfortunate thing about infrared astronomy is that everything emits blackbody radiation, including your telescope, and self-emission from your telescope can swamp the faint signal from astronomical sources. (Like building a camera out of glowsticks.)

The equilibrium temperature for an object in Earth orbit is about 300 Kelvin. (26C) Everything on the other side of the sunshield passively cools down to 40K, and MIRI is actively cooled by the cryocooler down to a chilly 6K (-267C, -449F) This extends MIRI's seeing range deeper into infrared.

But the mirror is still warm! At the far end, MIRI is significantly compromised by thermal self-emission: (Note log scale!)

This is more graphically illustrated by one of the MIRI commissioning images:

Check out that background glare!

(This is somewhat unfair: the calibration target here is a star, which emits comparatively little light in far-infrared. MIRI is really meant for nebulae and extra-galactic high-redshift objects)

("Why not actively cool the mirror?" Mechanical cryocoolers operate on the very limit of what heat engines are capable of. The MIRI cryocooler draws a fat 180 watts to move 78 milliwatts of heat. Previous infrared telescopes used a fixed amount of expendable coolant (liquid helium or solid hydrogen) to cool the entire instrument package... at the cost of a much smaller primary mirror and a telescope that flat out just stopped working when it ran out of coolant.)

There's something else you might notice about the above series of photographs...

Thanks a lot, Lord Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh was a typical early physicist in that he has a great big pile of "discoveries" by virtue of being the first person to 1) notice something and 2) actually write it down. One of them is the fundamental theorem for the angular resolution of an optical system, the Rayleigh criterion. It is dead simple:

Resolution is roughly equal to 1.22 times the wavelength of the light you're looking at, divided by the diameter of the aperture. Bigger the opening at the front of light bucket, the higher the resolution. Smaller the wavelength of light, the higher the resolution.

(Fun fact: the former Arecibo radio observatory, once the largest single telescope in the world with a 305 meter wide dish, had about the same angular resolution in radio waves as the human eye does in visible light.)

You can imagine the effect this has on an infrared telescope. And sure enough, in the user documentation for the two imaging sensors, it states a pixel scale of 0.031 arcseconds for 0.6 to 2.3 micrometers light wavelength, 0.063 arcsec/px for 2.4-5.0 µm, and a squishy 0.11 arcsec/px for 5.6-25.5 µm.

But this is just how many pixels are on the detector. The resolution gets much worse at long wavelengths, as you can see in the commissioning image, where the extra pixels oversample a progressively vaguer blob. The Rayleigh criterion holds that the 6.5 meter wide JWST primary mirror should manage 0.206 arcsec at 5.32 µm, falling to 0.42 arcsec at 10.85 µm, 0.747 arcsec at 19.29 µm, and an unfortunate 1.014 arcsec at 26.2 µm. One wonders why the designers went to heroic lengths to cool MIRI down to 7 kelvin, instead of using that cryocooler mass and power budget for more detector surface area.

Knowing this, you can spot how the JWST's press team works around the limitations of the telescope. Like how a "look at how good our infrared telescope" commissioning photo happens to use the 7.7 µm mode:

Or how if you browse the photos on the webbtelescope.org site, you will see lots of NIRcam output in the "oooh, ah, new desktop background" category, but not so much MIRI.

(Another amusing detail of MIRI is that bright objects leave afterimages ("latents") on the sensor, so once a week they warm the sensor up to a tropical 20 kelvin before cooling it down again, a "MIRI anneal". You can see when anneals are performed, as well as what the telescope is looking at right now, by viewing the public schedule.)

But this is Webb operating right up to its full specifications. How about something that's actually broken?

NIRSpec my beloved

The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument takes incoming light and runs it through a diffraction grating to produce a spectrum. When scientists say that the Sun is 0.77% oxygen, 0.29% carbon, etc, it's not because someone flew a spacecraft over to it and collected a bucket of solar plasma, it's because you can look at the absorption lines in the spectra to figure out its composition.

Spectrometry is also used to measure redshift, a close proxy to distance. When a press release says that a galaxy is "ten million lightyears away", it's not because NASA has a really long tape measure they haven't told anyone about, it's because a spectrometer measured how much cosmological redshift has moved a spectrum line. Naturally, it's not quite as easy as pointing a sensor at a object and getting back a single, unambiguous result. Distant objects are also dim objects, so the spectra will be noisy and chewed up by dust and other contamination its endured in the millions of years its traveled to arrive at our telescopes. Bleeding edge astronomy is thus the practice of designing statistical models to fit to noisy, fragmented data, and then arguing with other astronomers about r^2.

In any event, it's a handy thing to have on a telescope. Naturally, JWST has more than one. In fact every instrument has a spectroscopy mode. Besides the dedicated NIRISS and NIRSpec instruments, both NIRcam and MIRI include diffraction gratings in their filter wheels that smear out incoming light, like looking through a prism:

Pointing the JWST at an object is relatively expensive, since it requires rotating ("slewing") the entire darn spacecraft, and an amusingly complex alignment procedure with the fine guidance sensor and fine steering mirror. Considering how long it would take to shoot a hundred spectra with a conventional fixed slit rigidly mounted to the telescope frame, you can see the appeal of gathering a hundred spectra in a single exposure with "slitless" spectroscopy.

(Longtime space telescope nerds might hear the word "slewing" and involuntarily twitch, recalling that the reaction wheels and gyroscopes were a problem point on the Hubble, requiring several servicing missions, and also significantly affecting operations on the Kepler space telescope. Fortunately, JWST switched to a gyroscope type that has no moving parts, and used some mass budget to install six reaction wheels, up from Hubble's four, giving it three spares.)

You can also see the big downside in the image above, which is there's a hard tradeoff between how long a spectrum can be (and thus its resolution!) before it'll overlap its neighbors and be useless. Most of the slitless modes therefore have two gratings at two different angles, (GRISMR and GRISMC above) but wouldn't it great if you could just block out all that other light?

Thus, the Micro Shutter Array, as seen above. The best of both worlds! Capture many spectra at the same time, while blocking off light you don't want from contaminating the field, using a configurable array of nearly a quarter million microscopic, individually actuated moving shutters.

Lots and lots and lots of tiny little moving parts, installed in the guts of a spacecraft that's orbiting out past the Moon, impossible to access or replace.

Yeah, a bunch of them broke:

When it was handed over to NASA for installation into Webb in 2007, the MSA already had 150 shutters that no longer responded to opening commands in just one of the four submodules.

By the time JWST emerged from commissioning and was declared fully operational in 2022, 15,893 shutters, 7% of the total, had "failed closed." Hilariously, 904 of those failed during post-launch testing, and the authors of that paper note that, on average, if you tell 100 shutters to close, 4 of them will jam shut and no longer work.

This is unfortunate, but fairly easy to work around. What's worse are the shutters that are stuck open:

These permanently open shutters then compromise big chunks of the sensor. Commissioning testing jammed two more of them open, taking the total up to 22. You can imagine that if a few dozen more of these fail-open during routine operation then the entire microshutter array observation mode won't be much more useful than regular slitless spectrography.

And this, right here, sums up the essentially "interim" nature of JWST. After all, it was only supposed to cost $500 million and take a mere nine years from design to launch. All becomes clear in that light. Why give it a shutter array that falls apart in use? Why have the mirror exposed to space, where it gets hit with micrometeoroids? Why only design it to carry ten years worth of fuel? Because it was supposed to be half the price of Hubble!

The 90s was the era of "faster, better, cheaper". JWST was going to be an incremental improvement on a long series of previous infrared telescopes, and a stepping stone to the next one. It wasn't supposed to be an eternal monument to Science, and a financial black hole consuming NASA's entire budget.

So what went wrong?

We shouldn't have built one JWST.

Those 344 single points of failure. Any single one of them can end the mission. There's just one telescope, no backups, no trying again. Bureaucrats are harshly punished for failure, lightly rewarded for success. It's always easier to wait, do more tests, delay the schedule a bit more at a hint of trouble. Engineers can get you to 90% reliable no problem, but getting to 99% reliable takes another decade and nine billion more dollars.

Our techne is just bad at producing flawless machines first try. For the price of one reliable JWST we could have put twenty into orbit... but the first five would have been embarrassing failures. Spars sticking in place, sunshields jamming, thrusters misfiring. To save the shame of $0.5 billion wasted, NASA happily spent $9.5 billion. Why not? Because money spent is invisible, but failure is painfully apparent.

A critical third party can draw unflattering parallels. The crowning achievement of NASA, the Moon Landing... required eleven Apollo launches and twenty Surveyor launches before a single man set foot on lunar regolith! Quite a few of those spacecraft pancaked into the Moon and exploded on the launchpad before we figured out this "space" thing. Three men died! But NASA was on a hard deadline, with a fixed budget, and the only way to get a home run is to take a lot of swings at the ball.

Another comparison is the Space Launch System, NASA's attempt to make the Saturn V again. So far $27 billion has been lit on fire to put exactly one test load into orbit, with the primary contractor now desperate to get out of its contact. Slow, careful, incremental development has completely failed to produce a working launch system.

Meanwhile, SpaceX produced a series of public, embarrassing failures... resulting in the world's only reusable launch system, and as a result has put far more mass into orbit than any country in the world.

The only way to develop a flight system is flight tests.

Space telescope deploy mechanisms meant to work in zero gravity can't be tested on the ground.

They can only be tested in space.

NASA administrators who didn't work during Apollo are too stupid to understand this. Fire them all!

These geriatrics have happily sacrificed science in order to play it safe and secure their own easy retirement. Do we want 15 risky JWST telescopes by 2010, or do we want one reliable one by 2022? The answer is obvious!

For the money we wasted making Webb more reliable, we could have launched a space telescope far outside the disk of dust in the inner solar system, allowing it to see deeper into space than Webb ever could. ESA put an astrometry space telescope just outside Earth orbit, measuring angles between stellar objects, which is the only way to directly measure the distance to the stars. Great first step. The obvious next step is to send more of these telescopes out past Neptune's orbit, to capture better observations with a vastly larger baseline, something that can never be done by an Earthly observatory. Are there any plans to do this? No!

Space exploration is paralyzed by boomers, mired in the mental tarpit of the 1970s, where each gram to orbit is terribly expensive and must be counted on punched cards and summed with slide rules. Meanwhile, SpaceX Starship is on its way to orbit, and each one can carry sixteen JWSTs with room to spare!

The old paradigm is done. Telescopes don't need folding mirrors and exotic materials, they need to be mass produced. There is no excuse not to have a hundred more JWST-class telescopes lined up next to the Texas launch pad waiting for Starship to come online. But as far as I know not a single space mission even mentions it-- that's how afraid they are of risk!

The JWST, with its myriad of fragile components and its staggering price tag, stands as a monument not to our ingenuity but to our inability to let go of outdated ideals.

We must abandon the notion that space is a realm reserved for the flawless and the infallible. Instead, we should embrace the chaos, the unpredictability, the sheer messiness of exploration. Let us launch a thousand telescopes, each a patchwork of parts, each destined to fail in its own spectacular way. For it is only in this embrace of the ephemeral that we can find out what actually works!

Let the JWST be the last of its kind, a relic of a bygone era. The future is unwritten, and it is ours to fill with a symphony of failures, each note a step closer to the stars.

[scotianostra]

July 23rd 1916 saw the death of Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist .

Ramsay was the only man to discover a complete Periodic Group of elements

He studied under Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, and predicted that dense gasses were hidden, invisible and as yet undetected in the Earth’s atmosphere. To test his idea, he designed an experimental means to remove oxygen and nitrogen from the air, and analyzing what remained in collaboration with Lord Rayleigh he found the previously unknown element argon in 1894.

He later spectroscopically confirmed the existence of helium, which had first been observed by Pierre Janssen. From the established positions of argon and helium on the periodic table of elements, Ramsay guessed that more unknown gasses exist, and discovered krypton, neon, and xenon in 1898.

Working with chemist Robert Whytlaw-Gray he discovered radon in 1900. In 1903, working with Frederick Soddy, Ramsay showed that the radioactive decay of radium produces helium, a discovery which laid the groundwork for the subsequent development of nuclear physics.

In 1904 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, while his colleague Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in Physics in the same year. The document in the pics is his Noble Prize.

For more details check this link out https://www.famousscientists.org/william-ramsay/

[whoishotteranimepolls]

"Who's Hotter?" Anime Gilf's

[kookoofufu]

Dude I did NOT realize Rayleigh shows up this early. This is chapter NINETEEN. Plus, we don't learn that Shanks and Buggy were specifically on Roger's ship until chapter 434! Good lord!!!

[quinloki]

Good lord someone being strong enough to hold you up while they eat you out... goddd. Idk why but this had me thinking of a scenario where you confess that none of your previous partners have ever managed to get you off. And he cannot stand for that grievous offense, obviously

xD

There's a lot of OP boys who I think are able to lift you up (usually propping you against a wall) and eat you out for plenty long enough.

Ace, Sabo, Kid, Killer, Marco, Shanks, Doflamingo, Kaku, and Bellamy come to mind off the top of my head. Bartolomeo too.

Sanji, Zoro, Mihawk, Sir Crocodile, Smoker, Beckman, Heat, Wire, Law, Penguin and Shachi could do it as well, but I feel like you'd have to ask them. They would be for it, they just wouldn't think to do it on their own.

Rayleigh could, but he assures you there are much better ways for him to pull you apart - and considering how he's made you pop off before without even touching you, you're disinclined to argue.

And there's others who would do it if you asked, but they might not be all gungho about it (Koby would be adorable, honestly. So worried about dropping you he struggles to actually focus. He's got you held against the wall for near an hour, but he's just doing these nervous little licks and it's so cute you put up with it xD )

[hungwy]

there's a few phrases in English where adjectives come after the head, like knight errant or Baron Rayleigh (and for that matter, Lord Tennyson), and my intuition is that these are gallicisms. but I'm not sure