#Lithography machine

[icgoodfind]

#lithography machine #chip #Made in China #China chip #semiconductor #integrated circuit #icgoodfind #IC #Electronics Skype: sales@icgoodfind.com www.icgoodfind.com

[technojin]

What is Lithography? A Simple Explanation

Lithography, a centuries-old technique, is a planographic printing process that relies on the principle that oil and water don't mix. It involves drawing or painting an image on a flat surface, typically a stone or metal plate. The image is created using a greasy substance, such as crayon, ink, or tusche, which makes the drawn areas receptive to oily ink.  

What is Lithography & its Process

Here's a breakdown of the key steps in the lithography process:

Image Creation:

Drawing: The artist directly draws the image onto the plate using a greasy medium.  

Photolithography: A photographic process is used to transfer an image onto the plate. A light-sensitive emulsion is applied to the plate, and then exposed to light through a negative of the desired image. The exposed areas become receptive to ink.  

Chemical Treatment:

The plate is treated with a chemical solution that desensitizes the non-image areas, making them water-receptive.

Inking and Printing:

The plate is dampened with water, which adheres to the non-image areas.

Oily ink is then applied to the plate. The ink adheres to the greasy image areas, while the water repels it.  

The inked image is transferred to paper or another material using a printing press.  

The Magic of Lithography

Lithography offers several advantages that have contributed to its enduring popularity:

Versatility: It can be used to create a wide range of artistic styles, from delicate line drawings to bold, expressive works.

Detail and Precision: The process allows for fine details and subtle tonal variations.  

Durability: Lithographs can be printed in large quantities without significant loss of quality.  

Artistic Expression: Lithography has been embraced by many renowned artists as a medium for self-expression and experimentation.  

Historical Significance

Lithography was invented in 1796 by German author and actor Alois Senefelder. Initially used for printing music scores and maps, it quickly gained popularity among artists and publishers. The technique revolutionized printmaking, making it more accessible and affordable.  

Modern Applications

While traditional lithography is still practiced by artists today, the principles of the process have been adapted for various modern applications:  

Offset Printing: This widely used printing technique is based on lithography. It involves transferring the image from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then to the paper.  

Photolithography: This process is crucial in the semiconductor industry for creating intricate circuit patterns on silicon wafers.  

Digital Lithography: Digital imaging technology has enabled the creation of digital lithographs, where images are directly transferred to plates using computer-controlled laser systems.

Lithography continues to be a valuable tool for artists and industries alike, offering a unique blend of tradition and innovation. Its ability to produce high-quality prints with intricate detail and artistic expression ensures its enduring legacy in the world of printmaking.   Sources and related content

[2kats]

“it uses light that you can’t see to make rocks think”

[uwmspeccoll]

Chinese Ceremonial Papers

Many hundreds of varieties of prayer sheets used to be produced by specialist ma-chang printers all over China. Many of the limited range made today are the cheapest offset-litho jobs on the cheapest machine-made papers, but the designs still imitate the original woodblock prints.

Modern Taiwanese sheets of cash, made from recycled paper, sold very cheaply by weight in Taipei.

Mock money and other ceremonial papers for religious ceremonies will be gathered in "bowls" of crude papers, usually made of a mixture of rice-straw and bamboo fibers.

The simplest form of mock money is made traditionally with thin layers of tinfoil affixed to the center of a small piece of bamboo paper, although in contemporary production the cheapest grades of machine-made paper will be used instead, and in Taiwan and Malaysia metallic inks may be used instead of tinfoil.

Here's a piece of mock money in traditional colors with auspicious designs, and tinfoil brushed over with a dye from the pagoda tree to make it resemble gold.

Contemporary Taiwanese ceremonial paper.

Another variety of gold mock money, with inscriptions and symbols for good fortune building up the design, usually still quite well printed from woodblocks on fairly good quality paper, but sometimes now mass-produced by offset lithography.

Contemporary ceremonial paper printed letterpress on a stout machine-made paper in Hong Kong. The yellow coloring might have been brushed on by hand, but otherwise production of these attractive sheets has been mechanized completely.

At the Feast of Hungry Ghosts many large sheets of paper with pictures of all the clothes one's ancestor could need are burned. Although images of the paraphernalia of modern life like cell phones and computers might be printed on these papers, the clothing is always of traditional style.

Red paper envelopes with good luck symbols have been used for many years to enclose gifts of money made at New Year. They may be found wherever any ceremonial papers are sold; today usually with elaborate and eye-catching gold-stamping.

Decorative Sunday

The examples shown here are original paper samples included in Roderick Cave's (1935-2019) two-part article on "Ceremonial Papers of the Chinese" published in Matrix 12 (Winter 1992, pp. 51-66) and Matrix 13 (Winter 1993, pp. 161-177), printed at the John and Rosalind Randle’s Whittington Press in Risbury, Herefordshire, England.

In these articles, Cave, a noted print historian, librarian, and educator, discusses the history, manufacturing, printing, distribution, and uses of Chinese ceremonial papers used in rituals, celebrations, and festivals associated with the gods and the ancestors.

Our copies of Matrix are a donation from our friend Jerry Buff.

View more posts on Chinese papers.

View other posts associated with Roderick Cave.

View more Decorative Sunday posts.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Innovative extreme ultraviolet lithography technology dramatically benefits of semiconductor manufacturing

Professor Tsumoru Shintake of Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) has proposed an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technology that surpasses the standard in semiconductor manufacturing. EUV lithography based on this design can work with smaller EUV light sources, reducing costs and dramatically improving reliability and lifetime of the machines. It also consumes less than one-tenth the power of conventional EUV lithography machines, helping the semiconductor industry become more environmentally sustainable. This technology has been made possible by solving two issues that were previously considered insurmountable in this field. The first involves a novel optical projection system consisting of only two mirrors. The second involves a new method to efficiently direct EUV light onto logic patterns on a flat mirror (the photomask) without blocking the optical path.

Read more.

[zvaigzdelasas]

The Dutch government is scrambling to ensure that the country’s largest company, the semiconductor equipment maker ASML, does not move operations or expand abroad after the tech firm voiced concerns over the country’s hardening stance on migrants.

On Wednesday, the Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf reported that the Dutch government had launched a cross-ministry effort, dubbed “Operation Beethoven”, to encourage ASML to continue to invest in the country.

For months, ASML, which sources parts from around the world but assembles its machines in Veldhoven in the the south of the Netherlands, has been warning against any moves that could hinder its ability to attract skilled foreign labour.

ASML ranks among Europe’s most valuable tech firms; about 40% of its 23,000 employees in the Netherlands are not Dutch [nationals].

In January, the company’s CEO, Peter Wennink, said it was poised to expand its operations. “Ultimately, we can only grow this company if there are enough qualified people,” he told the Dutch broadcaster RTL.

“We prefer to do that here, but if we cannot get those people here, we will get those people in Eastern Europe or in Asia or in the United States.”

His warnings have played out against a backdrop of government policies targeting migrants; the administration has been working to scale back a tax break for highly skilled immigrants while weighing whether to limit the number of foreigners who can attend Dutch universities.

Further moves to tighten immigration could be on the horizon after last autumn’s election, which resulted in the far-right, anti-Islam Party for Freedom (PVV) emerging as the largest party in parliament.[...]

During a January call with investors, Wennink laid bare what that could mean for ASML. “Be careful, because you will soon get exactly what you ask for,” he said. “The consequences of limiting labour migration are large – we need those people to innovate. If we can’t get those people here, we will go somewhere where we can grow.”[...]

This year has seen shares in ASML, which dominates the market for the lithography systems used to create the circuitry in chips, climb to record highs, cementing its place as one of Europe’s largest companies by market value.

If Europe loses ASML it's literally so Joever man [6 Mar 24]

[navyismycolor]

I dont think its THAT complex

There is an odd conception in psychology that "the human mind is SO UTTERLY complex that it is not possible to give any advice".

Personally I think that is both untrue and unhelpful.

Firstly, yes the human mind is very complex. But so are a lot of other things. Launching rockets to Mars is complex. Figuring out how to build a bridge that will last a century is complex. Designing a giant piece of software that will connect you to the rest of the world is complex. Bear in mind that there is no objective measure of complexity in these fields. It is really not possible to say with definitive certainty that building a nuclear submarine is more complex than fine tuning a lithography machine. So, there is no objective evidence that the human mind is, in fact, infinitely more complex. It is just a vague notion we like to project, perhaps because we dont understand it well. Lack of knowledge is not proof of complexity.

It also does not help to say "every mind is different, nothing works from one to another". Every complex problem in the world is different. When you cook the same recipe on two different days it is bound to be different. When I play a game of chess online that goes beyond 20 moves, it is bound to be a game that has never happened in the history of humanity before. And most directly, no two human bodies are different but that doesnt mean medical doctors throw up their arms saying they cant do anything about anybody. The whole point of science is to find generalizable patterns that do infact apply from one to another.

Believing that human minds are infinitely complex and infinitely different from each other is a great impediment towards actually being able to help someone through the despair & doldrums of mental health. It would lead therapists to never saying anything substantial, claiming that the situation is so unique, so novel, so persnalized, that nothing helpful can be done about this. I am firmly of the opinion that while listening and having someone who listens is valuable, eventually everyone wants a solution to their personal situations and a way out of the mess than just an idle audience.

In my view, one of two things are possible.

Either, you accept that human minds are extremely complex and there is no generalization that allows you to help one person through their distress by reusing previously seen patterns. If that is so, then we have to accept that psychology is not a science (since there is zero generalization), and psychotherapy should not be a valid paid profession (since there is nothing someone can say to help work a way out of a problem).

Or, you have to tone down the catastrophization and recognize that like many difficult problems, the human mind is also a difficult proposition that runs into difficult problems from time to time. And therefore, it should be possible, through trial and error, through discussion and deliberation, through realization and replanning, to find a way through and out of the problem.

What do you believe in?

[factfinders]

The light path traced by a lithography machine; this is how advanced chips are made.

🤯🤯

[victorysp]

State visit by President Yoon Suk Yeol of the Republic of Korea – programme

At the invitation of His Majesty King Willem-Alexander, the president of the Republic of Korea, Yoon Suk Yeol, will be paying a state visit to the Netherlands on Tuesday 12 and Wednesday 13 December. He will be accompanied by his wife, Kim Keon Hee.

This is the first state visit to the Netherlands by a president of the Republic of Korea since the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1961. In 2014 the King and Queen paid a state visit to the Republic of Korea. In November 2022, Prime Minister Mark Rutte and President Yoon concluded a Strategic Partnership Agreement.

Despite the geographical distance between the countries, the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea are increasingly close partners. The state visit provides an opportunity to further expand our successful trade ties and to deepen their cooperation. Another agenda item is the prosperity and stability of East Asia and the Indo-Pacific region as a whole. The Netherlands and the Republic of Korea are logical partners with shared norms and values, collaborating in areas including sustainable energy, agriculture and the high-tech industry.

Tuesday 12 December

Morning

Welcome ceremony

In Dam Square in Amsterdam, King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima will officially welcome the Korean president and his wife to the Netherlands. After the delegations have been introduced, the ceremony will feature the Marine Band of the Royal Netherlands Navy playing the national anthems of both countries, and the inspection of the guard of honour.

At the Royal Palace in Amsterdam, representatives of the Dutch authorities will be introduced to the president, after which a reception will be held. There will also be a private lunch with the King and Queen.

Wreath laying 

At the national monument in Dam Square, President Yoon will lay a wreath.

Afternoon

Visit to ASML

During a visit to ASML in Veldhoven, a dialogue session will be held featuring CEOs from the high-tech industry. The discussion will focus on Dutch-Korean cooperation on innovation, and the development of the semiconductor (microchip) industry. ASML supplies technology for semiconductor manufacturing using lithography equipment, a key export product to the Republic of Korea. The King and the president will then be given a guided tour of the cleanroom where ASML’s machines are produced. The Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation will also be present for this visit.

Evening

State banquet

In the evening, the King and Queen will host a state banquet at the Royal Palace in Amsterdam. Both the King and the Korean president will deliver an address.

Wednesday 13 December

Morning

Visit to the States General 

On Wednesday morning, President Yoon will visit the Dutch Parliament in The Hague. There he will meet the president of the Senate, Jan Anthonie Bruijn, and the acting president of the House of Representatives.

Government lunch

At the Binnenhof, the president will be received by Prime Minister Mark Rutte, where they will discuss various matters concerning the strategic partnership between the countries, including economic security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. After various MoUs have been signed, a government lunch will be held, attended by the King. 

Afternoon

Visit to the Mauritshuis

After the lunch, the president will join Prime Minister Rutte for a visit to the Mauritshuis Museum, where they will receive a guided tour of the highlights of the collection. 

Meeting with veterans

Back at the Royal Palace in Amsterdam, the King and President Yoon will meet with Dutch veterans of the Korean War. During the meeting they will reflect on the history of the bilateral relations between the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea.

Business Forum

During the Business Forum, a CEO roundtable will be jointly hosted by the Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers (VNO-NCW) and the Korea International Trade Association (KITA). Another session will focus on ‘partnership through innovation’, with a view to linking sectors such as high-tech, the energy transition and agriculture and horticulture. Various MOUs between companies and the authorities will also be signed. The Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation will be present throughout the Business Forum. The King and President Yoon will attend the Forum’s closing session, where President Yoon will give a speech.

Evening

Korean music and dance event hosted by the president and his wife

In the evening, President Yoon and his wife will host a special event for the King and Queen: a classical Korean music and dance performance at AFAS Live in Amsterdam. After the King and Queen have taken their leave of the president and his wife, the state visit will come to a close. 

[sillyassonepieceheadcanons]

Straw Hats crew's preferred Printmaking Mediums

Summary: literally such a self-indulgent thing where I assign everyone a printmaking medium bc I love printmaking + the straw hats

Luffy: Cyanotypes. Doesn't need much diligence, and he finds it fun to collect strange objects or cool elements of nature from different islands to make prints with them. Tried to make a silhouette of meat once by holding it over the cyanotype, but ended up eating it, so it became a print of a bone picked clean.

Zoro: Stone lithography. Means he can use his muscle power carrying the stones and using the big heavy rollers. He can also rely on the natural beauty of wet on wet ink and stuff for nice looking prints since he can't draw well

Nami: Risograph. She likes the colors and the slightly technical side involved with the machine. Easy to mass produce posters and zines. 

Ussop: Photography. Likes to photograph nature, different buildings, and sometimes his crewmates. The photo development process is also very fun for him. Sometimes uses Nami’s risograph machine to make colored photos (at a price)

Sanji: Letterpress. With a little diligence he learns to appreciate the art of different fonts and precision involved in the letter work. Treats each print like a dish that must be prepared perfectly. 

Chopper: Silkscreen. Also enjoys the colors, and in love with the way layers of ink interact with each other on one surface. Prints t-shirts for everyone in the crew that each has a unique monotype drawing. It’s very endearing.

Robin: Intaglio. Likes how it requires a bit of knowledge about chemicals and markmaking techniques in order to make a fantastic, aesthetically pleasing print. Can get very fine details which is perfect for someone who likes to get “hands on”. With time, she learns to make very good etchings of flowers and such, but actually prefers simple and cute imagery (like what Chopper makes)

Franky: Woodcut relief. Actually so good at this you have no idea. He makes the most beautiful arabesque imagery that would usually decorate the sides of fancy stairwells and ballrooms. 

Brook: Linoleum relief. The rubber is flexible and easy to carve into... unlike the bony hands he uses the tools with! It’s a very different art from music, but he finds some enjoyment in it as he can carve illustrations of whatever his heart desires (panties) 

Jinbe: Water transfer printing. Requires him to use a more gentle and exact approach to working with water than the techniques he uses to fight, so he enjoys the variation. Gets a hobby of giving all the removable parts of the ship a new colorful coat, making the Sunny look a little clownish from a design point but Luffy likes it so he orders Franky not to touch it. 

[helleporter]

New Music

Hey! I did a new thing. It's some of the music I'm proudest of. A lot of genres I like sharing space like all the neighborhood cats, rabbits and raccoons and all the other scavengers trying to make it through the window out back of my apartment building. And also the ones I live with. Drum and bass, lofi beats, and ambient are all rolled up here in a heady witch's brew. 

Here's some sticky, necromancer-hexed lesbian witch-synth beats made with my nasty friends and broken machines...

already working on new things. Here's the site for all the things I do with all these voices in my head in the dungeon

https://lithography-music.bandcamp.com/ 

I'm also writing things. Here's that EP for the Slutbot comic I’ll post somewhere at some point. The album for it is already up. https://lithography-music.bandcamp.com/album/foodtruck

The link for that and my AO3 is on the blog landing page! 

DM me to order the Zine!

[Image ID: Album art. A pixelated cat stares cryptically out at you while sitting pensively, basking in the lavender colored light radiating from a glowing purple orb. /. End ID]

[absolute-immunities]

Before we get to the geopolitics, can we have a moment to inhabit the technological sublime? Microchips are some of the most extraordinary objects humanity has ever made. Miller has a good illustration of this: the coronavirus is tiny, about a hundred billionths of a metre across, but it is a galumphing heifer of a beast compared to the smallest transistors being made in Fab 18, which are half that size. TSMC is now talking about transistor nodes in terms of three billionths of a metre. This is so small that quantum effects, which happen mostly at the subatomic level, become relevant.

The machinery needed to manufacture these extraordinarily delicate artefacts has got bigger and more complicated as the microchips have shrunk in size and increased in power. The silicon is etched onto the chips with a new technique called extreme ultraviolet lithography. Think of a microscope, which makes small things big. Now turn it round, so that the lens is making big things small. And now use that process to take a super-complex design and etch it onto an infinitesimally small microchip. That is lithography, which has been the basis of microchip manufacture ever since Jay Lathrop at TI invented it in 1958. But as the chips have got smaller, the lithography process has got more and more difficult.

At the far limit of the technology is the Dutch company ASML, the only firm in the world to have mastered EUV lithography. This process involves the production of EUV light, which in turn involves

“a tiny ball of tin measuring thirty millionths of a metre moving through a vacuum at a speed of around two hundred miles per hour. The tin is then struck twice with a laser, the first pulse to warm it up, the second to blast it into a plasma with a temperature around half a million degrees, many times hotter than the surface of the sun. This process of blasting tin is then repeated fifty thousand times per second to produce EUV light in the quantities necessary to fabricate chips.”

The company that learned how to do this is an American firm called Cymer. Their process depended on a laser so powerful it produced too much heat unless it could be cooled with fans; but the fans ran so fast they burned out their bearings; so engineers invented a process for holding the fans in mid-air, suspended by magnets. The company that invented the new laser is a German firm distractingly called Trumpf. Its development took a decade. Each laser consists of 457,329 parts. The next stage in EUV was the manufacture of a new kind of mirror, made by the German company Zeiss, the smoothest mirror ever made: if it was the same size as Germany, its smallest irregularity would be 0.1 millimetre. But the most complicated laser ever made and the smoothest mirror ever made are just two components of ASML’s lithography device. Look back over that chain: the Taiwanese company (TSMC) commissions the Dutch company (ASML) which commissions the US company (Cymer) which commissions the German company (Trumpf) and also the other German company (Zeiss). It is no wonder that ASML’s latest EUV device is ‘the most expensive mass-produced machine tool in history’.

At this point, the technological sublime and geopolitics merge. Chips are ubiquitous, but top-end chips are not: they are the product of a highly concentrated manufacturing process in which a tiny number of companies constitute an impassable global choke point. If you can’t work with ASML, you can’t make a high-end chip. If you can’t get your top-of-the-range chip made by TSMC, Samsung or Intel, there’s no point designing it, because nobody else can manufacture it.

[weatherquest]

@cyberdanse YES!!! Thank you for asking :D Also good choice irt the embroidery machine those things are so swag.

I learned linocut in university as part of my BFA (graphic design) and BA (studio art). Printmaking is largely considered a fine art medium now, but for a long time, it and graphic design were pretty much inseparable. I really enjoyed my time working in the medium, I think some of my best pieces are linocuts, and I think print pieces look incredible in design compositions.

I still have my tools, inks, and some linoleum to work with, but no press! I've been handprinting most of my recent pieces and while that's passable, it gives really inconsistent results for me, is hard on my hands, and is really energy intensive. We had a beautiful one on campus that could absolutely crush your hands, we put both relief and intaglio pieces through it. I personally dislike doing intaglio so I don't need one that strong, but I've been eyeing a Woodzilla tabletop press to do the job for me... but if I suddenly came into a ton of cash I would maybe consider picking up intaglio or even lithography... just so I could use the press lol

[lingshanhermit]

Lingshan Hermit: Neither born nor destroyed

Today is my birthday. 39 years ago on this day, I was born. On our planet, actually everything has a birthday - the day when it was invented or created - that is its birthday. According to historical records, beer (in this cycle of civilization) was first born in the Sumerian civilization in 5000 BC, the ballpoint pen was born in 1888, and the batteries we use every day were born in 1800. Telephones have birthdays, napkins have birthdays, even engines have birthdays. We think everything is born and dies, has a beginning and an end. But according to the Buddhist sages, actually there is no birth, and no death. The Heart Sutra says: neither born nor destroyed. A carpenter saws wood into small pieces, then assembles them into a stool. When he paints it for the final step, you would think: a stool is born. But actually, nothing was born. The pieces were just piled up together, they did not unite, nor did they produce anything new. It is said that the lithography machine made in the Netherlands consists of a hundred thousand parts - I wonder why people still see it as one thing. If one day the stool breaks down, you can't use it normally, you'd say the stool is broken, it should be thrown away. But actually, nothing broke down, because the thing you thought broke never existed. This is the most profound teaching of Buddhism.

This article was first published on Lingshan Hermit's Sina Weibo, Google Blogger and other social media on October 29, 2020. Copyright owned, infringement must investigate.

Copyright Notice：All copyrights of Ling Shan Hermit's articles in Simplified and Traditional Chinese, English, and other languages belong to the natural person who owns "Ling Shan Hermit". Please respect copyright. Publishers, media, or individuals (including but not limited to internet media, websites, personal spaces, Weibo, WeChat public accounts, print media) must obtain authorization from Ling Shan Hermit before use. No modifications to the articles are allowed (including: author's name, title, main text content, and punctuation marks). We reserve all legal rights.

灵山居士：不生不灭

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Investigating the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) of silicon

The electronic and optical devices that we use on a daily basis, such as mobile phones, LEDs and solar cells use transistors and other parts that are consistently getting smaller and more compact. With an ever-growing need for computing power, storage, and energy efficiency, this trend will only continue to new extremes.

Producing such small components for electronic devices requires the machining and preparation of structures on sub-micron scales, up to hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. But current methods for the nanofabrication of surfaces use photolithography and e-beam lithography—methods that are complicated, extremely expensive, generally inaccessible, and require high levels of expertise.

Laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) has been earmarked as a novel and prospective alternative to these methods. In LIPSS, femtosecond lasers are used to deliver ultrashort laser pulses that spontaneously lead to the formation of periodic patterns on the surface that are much smaller than the laser wavelength.

Read more.

[zvaigzdelasas]

Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment Group, the Chinese leader in so-called lithography gear that’s been blacklisted by the US, is working to deliver its first system based on 28-nanometer technology later this year, local newspaper Securities Daily reported on Monday, citing an unnamed source.[...]

Chipmaking gear is regarded as among the weakest links in China’s semiconductor supply chain, an area currently dominated by firms including ASML Holding NV and Tokyo Electron Ltd. The country’s top chipmakers, including Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp. and Hua Hong Semiconductor Ltd., all rely on foreign-made equipment. ASML is the global leader in lithography machines, and gear that can support 28 nm chips is essential to making silicon for a spectrum of products from electric cars to missiles. The Netherlands, home to ASML, has joined a US-led effort to curb Beijing’s chip ambitions by banning the Dutch supplier from selling advanced chipmaking machines to China.

1 Aug 23