#Jo's PTI | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

a-z0-9-i-n-gram-completionist · 9 months ago

Note

1: 0 1 2 4 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 32/36 (26/26) (6/10)

2: 08 11 18 19 41 42 84 90 ab ac ad ag ai aj ak al am an ap ar as at av aw ay ba bd be bi bl bo br bs bu by ca cc ce ch ci ck cl co cr cs ct cu cy da dd de df di dl dn do dr ds du dy ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei el em en eo ep eq er es et ev ew ex ey fa fe fi fo fr ft fu ga ge gh gi gl go gr gs gt gy ha he hi hn ho hr ht hu hy ia ib ic id ie if ig il im in io ip ir is it iu iv iz jo ju ke ki kn ks ky la ld le lf li lk ll lm lo ls lu lv ly ma me mh mi mo mp ms mu my na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nk nl nn no ns nt nu nv ny oa ob oc od oe of og oi ol om on oo op or os ot ou ow ox oy pa pe ph pi pl pm po pp pr ps pt pu qu ra rd re rg ri rk rl rm rn ro rp rr rs rt ru ry rz sa sc se sh si sk sm sn so sp sq ss st su sw sy ta te th ti tl to tr ts tt tu tw ty ua ub uc ud ue ug ui ul um un uo up ur us ut ve vi wa we wh wi wo wr xc xe xi xt xu yb yg yl ym yn yo yp ys yx ze zo 290/1296 (282/676) (8/100)

3: 184 190 842 908 abd abl aca acc aci ack acr acs act ade ads age ain ajo ake aki ale ali alk all alm alo als ame ami amp ana anc and ane ang ani ans ant anu any ape app ard are arg ark arl arm aro arr ars art ase ask ass ata ate ath ati ato att atu ave avi awa awr ayb bab bac bal bas bdo bea bed beh bel bet bey bio bis bit ble blo bly bod bon bou bow boy bra bre bst bul bur but cal can cav cce ccy cee cen cep che chi cia cie cin cks cky cle clo clu coc com con cos cre cri cru cti ctu cul cut cyx dar dda dea dee den deo dep der des dfi did die din dis dle dne doe dom don dor dul dur ead eak eal ear eat ebr eci ecr ect edd edi eed eei eem een efe egi egs ehi ein eir eit ela ele elf ell elo elv ely ema eme emo emp ems emu enb enc end eng enh eno ent env eos eou epo eps ept equ era ere eri erl erm ern err ers ert eru ery erz esc ese esn esp ess est eta ete eto etw ety eve evi ewh exc exe ext exu eyo fam far fat fem fer fes fib fie fif fin fir fis for fos fra fro fth fur fus gap gel gem ges ght gic gif gio gir gla glu gol gon gou gre gro gth gys han hap hat hav hea hei hem hen her hes hey hic hig him hin hip hir his hit hiu hna hol hot hou hro hum hus hym ial iar ibe ibi ibu ica ice ich ick icu ide idf ied ien ier ies iet ife ifi ift igh ila ili ill ima imi ims ina inc ind ine inf ing ink ins int inu iny iof ion ior iou ips ird irs isc ise ish iso isp iss ist ite ith iti its itt ity ium ive ize joi jor jus jut ked kel kes kin kiv kne kno ksc lan lar lat lde leg len les let lex lia lie lif lis lit lli llo lls lly lmo loa log lon loo lop lou low lso lue lun lus lvi lym lyp mag maj mak mal man mar mas mat may mel men mer met mew mil min mit moo mor mos mou mph mpl mpr mse mur mus myg nac nad nal nat nbo nce ncl nde ndi ndn ndo nds ndu nec nee nei neo nes nex nfr nge ngs ngt ngy nhn nim nky nly nne nop nor nos not now nox nse nsi nst nsw nta nte nti ntl nto ntr nts ntu nuo nus nve oac oat oba occ oce oci odi ody oes ofi oft ogi ogo ogs oin old ole olo oma ome omi omp omy ona ond one onl onn ons ont ool oos oot ope ops opt ora org ori orm ors ose osi oss ost osu ota ote oth oti oto oug oun oup ous out owe owi oxi oyl par pat pea pec ped pel per pho pic pin ple pli pmh poi pos ppa ppe ppo pre pri pro pte pti pub qua que qui rac rai ral ran rap rat raw rdl rea rec red ref reg rel rem ren res ret rev rge ria rib rig rin rio ris rit rki rks rly rma rmi rmo rms rns roa rob roc rog rom rop ros rou row rpr rra rro rru rsa rse rsi rst rte rth rti rto rts ruc rum rus sac sal sam sav say sch sci scl scr scu sec sed see sel seq ses sha she sid sim sio sis sit siv siz ske ski sma smo soc sof som sop sor spe spi spo squ sso ssu sta ste sti stl sto sts stu sty sua sub suc sue sup sur sus swe syn tai tak tal tan tar tat tea teb ted ten ter tes tha the thi tho thr thu thy tib tic tid tin tio tip tis tiv tle tly tom ton too tot tre tri tsi tte ttl tty tua tud tur tus twe two tyl typ ual uar uat ubi ubs uch uco udi uea uen ues ugh uit ula ume und ung unt unu uou upp ups ure uri urn uro urp urr urs urt usc use usi ust usu uta ute uts vel ver vic vid vil vit war wee wel wer wha whe whi who why win wit xcl xem xio xte xtr xus ybe ygo yle ylo yme ymp ymu yno yon you ypi ypm yst zoo 802/46656 (798/17576) (4/1000)

4: 1842 1908 abdo able ably acce acin acru acti actu adep ages ainf ajor akes akin alis allo alls ally almo alog also amil ampl anal anat ance ands andu aneo ange anim answ ants anus aped appa appe area aren arge arki arks arly arms arou arra arsa arte arti arts ased aske atar ated ater athe atid atio ativ atom atte atty atur avit awar aybe babl back ball base bdom bear bedd behi belo betw beyo biof bitt blog bodi body bone boun boyl brat brev bsta bula burr bute call cavi ccen ccyx ceed cent ceps cept cher chiu cial cien ciet cing cles cloa clus cocc comp conn cons cont cosu cret crib crum ctio ctua ctus cula cuta dard ddar deal deed denb denc deos depo dept desc dfis died dies diet ding disp dnes does dome domi dors dula duri eaki eall ears eart ebra ecia ecre ecti ectu edda edin edis eedi eein eems efer egio ehin eing eith elat elet elop elow elvi emal emel emen emor empl emur enbo ence endi ends engt engy enhn enop enor enti entl entu enve eous epos epti eque eral eran ered eres erio erly ermi erru erse ersi erte erti erto erus escr espe esti esty etal etat eton etwe ever evic evid ewha excl exem exte extr exus eyon fami fatt fema femo femu fest fibu fied fift find firs fish form foss frac frog from furt fuse gely geme gest gica gion gird glan glue gold gona gous grea grou gyst hape have head hear heir here hert herz hese hich high hims hind hing hips hird hite hium hnac hole hoto houg hroa hume hyme hymu iall ibed ibio ibul ibut ical icep icks icky icul idea iden ideo ides idfi ienc iety ifes ifie ifth ight ilar ilia illi imag imal imil imse inal incl inde infr ings inky inse insi inst inte into ints inuo iofi ions ious irdl irst isch ishe isop ispo issu ists ites ithe itio ittl itty ivel join jori just juts kele king kink kive knee know ksch land larg larl late lati latu lden legs leng leta leto lexu liar lier life lifi litt llie llow lmos loac logi logo lond loos lope lops lowe lowi lung lusi lvic lymp lypm mage majo make male mall many mark mass mati mayb mely meno ment meru meta mewh mila mili mina mite moot mora most moun mous mple mpli mpri msel murs musc must mygo naci nads nali nalo nato nboy nclu ndee nder ndin ndne ndon ndul nect neit neou ness next nfro ngem ngth ngys nhna nima nnec nopt norm nost note noxi nsec nseq nsid nsis nste nswe ntai nter ntin ntio ntly ntri ntua nuou nusu nvel oaca obab occy ocee ocie odie oesn ofib ogic ogou oint olde olog omat omen omew omin ompr onad ondo only onne onse onsi onta onti ontr oolo oose ooth oped oper opte oral oria orit orma ormo orsa oses osit osso oste osto osty osus otal oted othe otic ough ound ount oups outs ower owin oxio oylo pare part patt pear peci pelv perl phot pica pine plex plif poin pose posi post ppar ppea ppos pred pris prob proc prop pter ptid pubi quar quea quen ques quit ract rain rang rans rapp rate rath rawr rdle real reat rect redi refe regi rela reme rent rest rete reve revi rgel rges rial ribe ribu righ ring rior rise rity rkiv rksc rmat rmit rmou roat roba roce rogs rope rost roun roup rowe rpri rran rrou rrow rruc rsal rsed rsio rstl rteb rter rthe rtic rton ruco sacr sacs sals same save sche schi scie scle scri scul secr sect seei seem self sequ shap shes side sidf simi sion sist siti sits sive size sked skel skin smal smoo soci soft some sopt sori spec spin spos sque ssor ssue stan stea ster stic stin stio stly stom stot stud styl sual subs such supp surp surr swer syno tain take talk tanc tane tars tata tead tebr tend tera tere teri term tern than that thei them ther thes they thig thin thir this thou thro thus thym tibi tica tick ticu ting tinu tiny tion tips tiss tive toma tomy tons tota toti trem trib tsid tter ttle tual tuat tudi ture turn twee tyle typi uall uart uate ubis ubst ucos udie ueak uenc uest uite ular ulat umer unde undi undn ungs unus uous uppo urin urns uros urpr urro urth uscl uscu used usio usiv usua utan utsi velo vely verr vers vert very vice vide vill vity ware ween well were wers what when whic whit whol wing with xclu xemp xiou xten xtre ygol ylou ymen ymph ymus ynos

yond ypic ypmh ysto zool 815/1679616 (813/456976) (2/10000)

5: abdom accen acing acrum actio actua adept ainfr ajori aking allow almos alogo amili ample analo anato andul aneou angem anima answe appar appea arent argel arges arkiv arksc aroun arran arsal arter artic asked atars atera ather ation ative atomy atter ature avity aware bably balls based bdome bdomi bedda behin below betwe beyon biofi bitty bodie bound boylo brate brevi bstan burro cally cavit ccent ceedi centu cepti cherz chium ciall cienc ciety cloac clusi coccy compr conne conse consi conta conti contr cosus crete cribe ction ctual cular culat cutan ddard denbo dence depos descr dfish dings dispo dness doesn domen domin dorsa dular durin eakin eally earts ebrat ecial ecret ectio ectus eddar eding edisp eedin eeing egion ehind eithe elati eleta eleto elope elops elvic emale emely ement emora empli emurs enboy endin ength engys enhna enopt enorm entio ently entua envel eposi eptid equen erans erest erior ermit erruc ersed ersio erteb ertic erton escri espec estin estio estyl etata etons etwee evers evice evide ewhat exclu exemp exten extre eyond famil fatty femal femor femur festy fibul fifth first fishe forma fosso fract frogs furth fused gemen gical girdl gland golde gonad great group gysto haped heart herto himse hnaci hough hroat humer hymen hymus ially ibiof ibula ibute icall iceps icept icula ideal idenc ideos idfis ience ifest ified ilarl iliar illie image imila imsel inali inclu indee infro insec insid inste inter inuou iofib irdle irstl ischi ishes isopt ispos issue ither ition ittle ively joint jorit kelet kinky ksche lands landu large larly later lativ latur ldenb lengt letal leton lexus lifes lifie littl llier llowi lmost loaca logic logou londo loose loped lower lowin lungs lusio lusiv lymph lypmh mages major makes marks matid matio maybe menop menti merus metat mewha milar milia minal mites mooth moral mount mplex mplif mpris mself muscl muscu mygol nacin nalis nalog natom nboyl nclus ndeed nding ndnes ndula necti neith neous nfrog ngeme ngyst nhnac nimal nnect nopte normo nosto noted noxio nsect nsequ nside nsist nstea nswer ntain ntere ntinu ntion ntrib ntuat nuous nusua nvelo obabl occyx oceed ociet odies ofibu ogica ogous oints olden ologi omati omewh omina ompri onads ondon onnec onseq onsis ontai ontin ontri oolog operl opter orial ority ormat ormou orsal ositi osits ossor oster ostot ostyl other otica ounde oundi oundn outsi owers owing oxiou oylou paren parti patte pears pecia pelvi perly photo pical plexu plifi point poses posit poste ppare ppear ppose predi prise proba proce prope ptera pubis quart queak quenc quest quite racti rainf range rathe reall rectu redis refer regio relat remel rentl resti rever revic rgely rgest ribed ribut right rkive rksch rmati rmite rmous robab rocee roper rosty round roups rower rpris rrang rroun rrowe rruco rsals rsion rstly rtebr rther rtica rticu rucos sacru scher schiu scien scles scrib scula secre seein seems seque shape sides sidfi simil sists sitio sivel skele small smoot socie somew sopte soria speci spine spose squea ssori stanc stead steri stick sting stion stoma stoti studi style suall subst suppo surpr surro swere synos tance taneo tarsa tatar tebra tendi tends teral teran teres terio termi their there thert these thigh thing third thoug throa thymu tibio tical ticks ticky ticul tinuo tions tissu tomat total totic treme tribu tside ttern tuall tuate tudie turns tween typic ually uarte uated ubsta ucosu udied ueaki uence uesti ularl ulatu umeru under undin undne unusu uppos uring urost urpri urrou urrow urthe uscle uscul usion usive usual utane utsid velop verru verse versi verte verti vicep viden video villi wered which white whole xclus xempl xious xtend xtrem ygold ymeno ynost ypica ystom zoolo 622/60466176 (622/11881376)

6: abdome abdomi accent action actual ainfro ajorit allowi almost alogou amilia amplex analog anatom andula aneous angeme animal answer appare appear arentl argely argest arkive arksch around arrang arsals articu atarsa ateral athert ations attern bdomen bdomin beddar behind betwee beyond biofib bodies boylou brevic bstanc burrow cavity ccentu ceedin centua ceptid cially cience cloaca clusio clusiv coccyx compri connec conseq consis contai contin contri cribed ctions ctuall cularl culatu cutane denboy deposi descri dfishe dispos domina dorsal during eaking ebrate eciall ecrete ection eddard edings edispo eeding either elativ eletal eleton eloped emoral emplif enboyl ending engyst enhnac enopte enormo ention entuat envelo eposit equenc eresti ermite erruco ersion ertebr ertica escrib especi esting estion estyle etatar etween everse evicep eviden exclus exempl extend extrem famili female femora femurs festyl fibula firstl fishes format fossor fracti furthe gement girdle glands glandu golden gonads groups gystom hearts herton himsel hnacin humeru hymeno ibiofi ically icepti icular idence idfish ifesty ilarly illier images imilar imself inalis inclus indeed infrog insect inside instea intere inuous iofibu irstly ischiu isopte ispose jority keleta keleto kscher landul largel larges latera lative lature ldenbo length letons lifest lified little llowin logica logous london lowing lusion lusive majori marksc mation menopt mentio metata mewhat milarl miliar minali mplexu mplifi mprise muscle muscul mygold nacing nalogo natomy nboylo nclusi ndness ndular nectio neithe nfrogs ngemen ngysto nhnaci nnecti nopter normou nostot noxiou nseque nsists nstead nswere nteres ntinuo ntribu ntuate nusual nvelop obably oceedi ociety ofibul ogical oldenb ologic omatid omewha ominal ompris onnect onsequ onsist ontain ontinu ontrib oologi operly optera ormati ormous ositio ossori osteri ostoti ostyle otical ounder oundin oundne outsid oxious parent partic patter pecial pelvic plexus plifie points positi posits poster pparen ppears predis probab procee proper pteran quarte queaki quence questi ractio rainfr rangem rather really rectus redisp region relati remely rently restin revers revice ribute rksche rmatio rmites robabl roceed roperl rostyl rounde roundi roundn rowers rprise rrange rround rrower rrucos rtebra rtical rticul rucosu sacrum scherz schium scienc scribe scular sculat secret seeing sequen shaped sidfis simila sition sively skelet smooth societ somewh sopter sorial specia sposes squeak ssoria stance sterio sticks sticky stomat stotic studie sually substa suppos surpri surrou swered synost taneou tarsal tatars tebrat tendin terans terest terior termit therto though throat thymus tibiof ticall ticula tinuou tissue tomati totica tremel tribut tually tuated tudied typica uarter ubstan ucosus ueakin uestio ularly ulatur umerus unding undnes unusua uppose urosty urpris urroun urrowe urther uscles uscula usivel usuall utaneo utside velope velops verruc versed versio verteb vertic viceps vicept videnc videos villie xclusi xempli xtendi xtends xtreme ygolde ymenop ynosto ypical ystoma zoolog 446/2176782336 (446/308915776)

7: abdomen abdomin accentu actuall ainfrog ajority allowin alogous amiliar amplexu analogo anatomy andular angemen answere apparen appears arently arksche arrange articul atarsal atherto bdomina beddard between biofibu brevice bstance burrowe ccentua ceeding centuat clusion clusive compris connect consequ consist contain continu contrib ctually cularly culatur cutaneo denboyl deposit describ dfishes dispose dominal ecially ections edispos eedings elative eletons emplifi enboylo engysto enhnaci enopter enormou entuate envelop eposits equence erestin ermites errucos ertebra ertical escribe especia etatars eversed eviceps evicept evidenc exclusi exempli extendi extends extreme familia femoral festyle firstly formati fossori fractio further glandul goldenb gystoma himself hnacing humerus hymenop ibiofib iceptid icularl idfishe ifestyl imilarl inclusi infrogs instead interes iofibul ischium isopter isposes keletal keleton kscherz landula largely largest lateral ldenboy lifesty llowing logical lusivel majorit marksch mations menopte mention metatar milarly minalis mplexus mplifie muscles muscula mygolde nalogou nboylou nclusio nection neither ngement ngystom nhnacin nnectio noptera normous nostoti noxious nsequen nswered nterest ntinuou ntribut ntuated nusuall nvelope nvelops oceedin ofibula oldenbo ologica omewhat ominali omprise onnecti onseque onsists ontinuo ontribu oologic opteran ormatio osition ossoria osterio ostotic oticall ounding oundnes outside parentl particu pattern peciall plified positio posteri pparent predisp probabl proceed properl pterans quarter queakin questio raction rainfro rangeme redispo relativ resting reverse revicep rkscher rmation robably roceedi roperly rostyle rounder roundin roundne rrangem rroundi rrowers rrucosu rtebrat rticula rucosus science scribed sculatu secrete sequenc sidfish similar skeleta skeleto society somewha soptera special squeaki ssorial sterior stomati stotica studied substan suppose surpris surroun synosto taneous tarsals tatarsa tebrate tending teresti termite therton tibiofi tically ticular tinuous tomatid totical tremely tribute typical ubstanc ueaking uestion ulature undness unusual urostyl urprise urround urrower uscular usculat usively usually utaneou veloped verruco version vertebr vertica vicepti vidence villier xclusiv xemplif xtendin xtremel ygolden ymenopt ynostot ystomat zoologi 297/78364164096 (297/8031810176)

8: abdomina accentua actually ainfrogs allowing amplexus analogou angement answered apparent arkscher arrangem articula atarsals atherton bdominal biofibul brevicep burrower ccentuat ceedings centuate clusivel comprise connecti conseque consists continuo contribu culature cutaneou denboylo deposits describe disposes dominali edispose emplifie enboylou engystom enhnacin enoptera enormous entuated envelope envelops eresting errucosu ertebrat escribed especial etatarsa evicepti evidence exclusiv exemplif extendin extremel familiar formatio fossoria fraction glandula goldenbo gystomat hymenopt ibiofibu icularly idfishes ifestyle imilarly inclusio interest iofibula isoptera keletons landular ldenboyl lifestyl lusively majority marksche menopter metatars mplified muscular musculat mygolden nalogous nclusion nections ngystoma nhnacing nnection nopteran nostotic nsequenc nteresti ntinuous ntribute nusually nveloped oceeding oldenboy ological ominalis onnectio onsequen ontinuou ontribut oologica opterans ormation ossorial osterior ostotica otically oundness parently particul pecially position posterio pparentl predispo probably proceedi properly queaking question rainfrog rangemen redispos relative reversed reviceps revicept rkscherz rmations roceedin rounding roundnes rrangeme rroundin rrucosus rtebrate rticular sculatur sequence sidfishe similarl skeletal skeleton somewhat sopteran speciall squeakin stomatid stotical substanc surprise surround synostot tatarsal terestin termites tibiofib ticularl toticall ubstance unusuall urostyle urroundi urrowers usculatu utaneous verrucos vertebra vertical viceptid xclusive xemplifi xtending xtremely ygoldenb ymenopte ynostoti ystomati zoologic 189/2821109907456 (189/208827064576)

9: abdominal accentuat analogous apparentl arkscherz arrangeme articular bdominali biofibula breviceps brevicept burrowers ccentuate centuated clusively connectio consequen continuou contribut cutaneous denboylou described dominalis edisposes emplified engystoma enhnacing enopteran enveloped errucosus ertebrate especiall etatarsal eviceptid exclusive exemplifi extending extremely formation fossorial glandular goldenboy gystomati hymenopte ibiofibul inclusion interesti isopteran ldenboylo lifestyle markscher menoptera metatarsa musculatu mygoldenb ngystomat nnections nopterans nostotica nsequence nterestin oceedings oldenboyl onnection onsequenc ontinuous ontribute oological ormations ostotical particula posterior pparently predispos proceedin rainfrogs rangement redispose revicepti roceeding roundness rrangemen rrounding rticularl sculature sidfishes similarly skeletons sopterans specially squeaking stoticall substance surroundi synostoti tatarsals teresting tibiofibu ticularly totically unusually urroundin usculatur verrucosu vertebrat xclusivel xemplifie ygoldenbo ymenopter ynostotic ystomatid zoologica 112/101559956668416 (112/5429503678976)

10: abdominali accentuate apparently arrangemen articularl bdominalis brevicepti ccentuated connection consequenc continuous contribute engystomat enopterans especially etatarsals exclusivel exemplifie formations goldenboyl gystomatid hymenopter ibiofibula interestin isopterans ldenboylou markscherz menopteran metatarsal musculatur mygoldenbo ngystomati nostotical nteresting oldenboylo onnections onsequence ostoticall particular predispose proceeding redisposes reviceptid roceedings rrangement rticularly stotically surroundin synostotic tibiofibul urrounding usculature verrucosus vertebrate xclusively xemplified ygoldenboy ymenoptera ynostotica zoological 60/3656158440062976 (60/141167095653376)

11: abdominalis accentuated arrangement articularly breviceptid connections consequence engystomati exclusively exemplified goldenboylo hymenoptera interesting menopterans metatarsals musculature mygoldenboy ngystomatid nostoticall oldenboylou ostotically particularl predisposes proceedings surrounding synostotica tibiofibula ygoldenboyl ymenopteran ynostotical 30/131621703842267136 (30/3670344486987776)

12: engystomatid goldenboylou hymenopteran mygoldenboyl nostotically particularly synostotical ygoldenboylo ymenopterans ynostoticall 10/4738381338321616896 (10/95428956661682176)

13: hymenopterans mygoldenboylo synostoticall ygoldenboylou ynostotically 5/170581728179578208256 (5/2481152873203736576)

14: mygoldenboylou synostotically 2/6140942214464815497216 (2/64509974703297150976)

Why are rain frogs so round? What's /inside/ of them around such an itty bitty skeleton?

So it turns out this is a really interesting question.

The first thing we must be aware of is that rainfrogs as we see them in videos of them squeaking are not quite the same shape as they are when at rest:

[x]

But you are quite right, they are very round. This is exemplified by the skeletal photo you refer to:

[X]

So what are we seeing?

Well, firstly, note that the body cavity in these frogs actually envelops the femurs, such that only the tibiofibula (fused in frogs) and the tarsals and metatarsals are outside the body. The arms are quite similarly enveloped, but a bit of the humerus does extend outside the body cavity too. This predisposes them to a rounder body shape.

Next, note the ilia - the U-shaped bone in the pelvic region. These in some breviceptid frogs are synostotically fused with the sacrum - that is to say, they are bound by bone-based connections to the bow-shaped vertebra at their tips. This whole joint seems to be quite smooth, and as a consequence, the back of the frog is quite smooth. The other thing we can see here is that the urostyle (i.e. the frog version of a coccyx) juts quite far beyond the ischium and pubis. This extends the body cavity beyond the hips. Note also that the pelvic girdle seems to be largely below the spine, rather than the typical position for frogs behind it and continuous with it. This makes the legs sit below the spine, rather than at its end, enhnacing the vertical roundness of the animal.

Next, let’s talk some soft tissue. Now, I’m not as familiar with soft-tissue in frogs as I am their skeletons, so you’ll have to bear with me a bit (rawr). Beddard (1908!!) studied the soft tissue of Breviceps verrucosus Rapp 1842. It seems that the majority of the body of these frogs is actually muscle. Beddard noted that muscles join the leg at the knee that extend into the body cavity, such that the inclusion of the thigh in the body cavity is further accentuated by musculature. The rectus abdominalis muscle is unusually large, extending from the lower abdomen up and around the sides of the body. Indeed, this large size appears to be the pattern with all of the major muscles, though in the throat the typical arrangement of large and small muscles is somewhat reversed. On the lateral side of the head, there is a substance that is not muscle, but appears to be loose tissue in which sits what is apparently the thymus gland.

There is a very large gap between the end of the urostyle and the anus (one fifth of the total length of the frog), in which there are almost no muscles, save for the one surrounding the lower cloaca. On either side of this area, between the posterior-most muscles of the thigh, lie two large ‘lymph-hearts’, as described by Beddard. These are between one quarter and one third of the total length of the frog. A further lypmh-sac sits between these lymph-hearts and the skin of the femoral region, and they are thus probably analogous to the femoral lymph-sacs of other frogs.

I find it interesting that Beddard (1908) did not mention any glandular formations in the dorsal region. As is evidence from many images (see below), these frogs are able to secrete a white, sticky, noxious substance from their skin (which they actually have to use during amplexus, as the male is too small relative to the female to mount her properly, and so he sticks himself to her with his glandular glue… kinky).

[x]

These glands do not apparently take up a great deal of the cutaneous tissue, and so I suppose are of no consequence to the size of the frog, especially relative to its enormous muscles.

The diet of these frogs consists almost exclusively of hymenopterans and isopterans (ants and termites). Neither of these insect groups are particularly fatty, so it is little surprise that their bodies appear to contain no large fat deposits - fatty bodies extend from the gonads up to the lungs and heart, but these comprise only a tiny fraction of the frog’s mass, and don’t contribute to the round shape. Instead, their bodies are extremely muscular, allowing them to be adept burrowers, ideal for their fossorial lifestyle.

So TL;DR: rain frogs are little balls of muscle (maybe the largest muscle mass relative to body mass of any vertebrate? science just doesn’t know).

Ref:

Beddard, F.E. 1908. On the Musculature and other Points in the Anatomy of the Engystomatid Frog, Breviceps verrucosus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908:11-41 [x]

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jobustad · 16 days ago

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postsofbabel · 6 months ago

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#posts of babel #screenreader unfriendly #HTML posts of babel

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yolacricket · 8 months ago

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a-romance-of-the-little-forest · 1 year ago

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량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화

량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 전편 보실수 있습니다.

량개인적소삼림 다시 보기 1화 두 사람의 작은 숲 링크 <

티빙 웨이브 넷플릭스에 장빈빈 우서흔 키스신 나옵니다. 량개인적소삼림 몇부작 이냐면 36부작 입니다. 1화부터 36화까지 다 보십시오.

Amit Shah 노조 내무부 장관은 'Bijarjoy'가 심각한 사이클론 폭풍으로 주 해안 지역에 상륙한 지 이틀 후 상황을 파악하기 위해 사이클론 영향을 받은 구자라트 지역을 방문할 예정입니다. Shah는 Kutch 지역의 Jakhau 항구를 방문하여 해안 지역에서 대피하고 일시적으로 대피소에 거주하는 사람들을 만날 것입니다. 사이클론 Biparjoy의 상륙으로 인해 폭우가 Gujarat의 Kutch 지역에 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 있는 Mandvi에서 침수를 촉발��습니다. (PTI) 장관은 또한 Mandvi에서 피해 인구를 만날 것입니다. 고향을 방문하는 동안 Shah는 Bhuj 지역의 구호 활동을 점검할 것입니다. 그는 부펜드라 파텔(Bhupendra Patel) 총리 및 주 정부 고위 관리들과 회담을 가질 예정입니다. 구자라트 경찰이 사이클론 Biparjoy에서 4일 된 아기를 구했습니다. 비디오 바이럴 사이클론 Biparjoy는 목요일 밤 Jakhau 항구 근처의 Saurashtra-Kutch 해안을 가로질러 풍속 115-125km/h의 매우 강력한 사이클론 폭풍으로 해안 지역의 전력 및 통신 회선을 방해했습니다. 사이클론의 영향으로 Kutch의 Bhuj에서 여러 그루의 나무가 뿌리째 뽑힌 것으로 보고되었습니다. NDRF(National Disaster Response Force) 팀은 금요일 정리 작업을 수행했습니다. 금요일 저녁, 주 정부는 구자라트의 8개 지구에서 1,000개 이상의 팀이 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 전력 복구를 위해 일하고 있다고 말했습니다. Cyclone Biparjoy는 점차 심한 저기압 폭풍으로 약해졌고, 그 다음에는 저기압 폭풍으로, 마침내 금요일 저녁 깊은 우울증에 빠졌습니다. 사이클론 비파조이: 강한 바람이 라자스탄의 자동차와 건물을 손상시킵니다. 보다 사이클론 Biparjoy의 잔해인 이 시스템은 토요일 아침 구자라트와 파키스탄 남동부에 인접한 라자스탄 남서부와 Dholavira에서 북동쪽으로 약 130km 떨어진 곳에 있었습니다. 인도 기상청은 한 게시판에서 깊은 우울증이 앞으로 6시간 안에 우울증으로 약화될 것이라고 말했습니다.

임팔 마을에서 밤새 폭도들이 보안군과 충돌하고 BJP 지도자들의 집을 불태우려는 시도로 민간인 2명이 부상했다고 토요일 관리들이 말했습니다. 별도의 사건으로 Manipur의 Bishnupur 지역에 있는 Kwakta와 Churachandpur 지역에 있는 Kangvai에서 밤새 자동 총격이 보고되었습니다. 또한 읽어보십시오: '긴급한 주의': 은퇴한 장교의 '시리아와 같은' 트윗에 대한 전 인도 육군 참모총장 Imphal West에 있는 Iringbam 경찰서를 약탈하려는 시도도 있었습니다. 그러나 무기는 도난당하지 않았습니다. 육군, Assam 소총 및 Manipur Rapid Action Force는 폭도들이 모이는 것을 막기 위해 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 주도를 통해 자정까지 합동 행진을 가졌습니다. 약 1,000명의 폭도들이 모여 궁궐 근처의 건물을 불태우려고 했습니다. RAF는 군중을 해산하기 위해 최루탄과 고무탄을 발사했습니다. 또 다른 폭도들은 MLA의 Biswajeet 집에 불을 지르려고 했습니다. 그러나 RAF 칼럼은 군중을 분산시켰다. 또 다른 폭도들은 Sinjemai에서 자정 이후 BJP 사무실을 포위했지만 육군 칼럼이 해산했기 때문에 해를 끼칠 수 없었습니다. 차투르베디는 트위터에서 “아디푸루시 @manojmuntashir의 대화 작가와 감독은 영화, 특히 하누만 경을 위해 쓰여진 보행자 대화에 대해 국가에 사과해야 한다”고 말했. 이 영화는 특히 마하리시 발미키(Maharishi Valmiki)의 라마얀(Ramayan)과 툴시다스(Tulsidas)의 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화람차리트마나스(Ramcharitmanas)에 묘사된 신화적 물의 이미지와 설명에서 벗어난 신화적 인물의 대화와 묘사로 인해 온라인에서 무자비하게 트롤링되고 비판을 받았습니다. Lanka 왕 Ravana의 아들이 Hanuman의 꼬리에 불을 붙이는 장면에서 Lord Ram의 열렬한 신자는 “Kapda tere baap ka. Tel tere baap ka. Aag bhi tere baap ki. Toh jalegi bhi tere baap ki.” 또 다른 장면에서 신화 속 인물은 "Jo humari behno ko haath lagaayenge, unki Lanka laga denge"라고 말합니다. 많은 사람들이 불쾌하다고 생각하는 이러한 대화에 대해 Chaturvedi는 다음과 같이 썼습니다. "당신은 Maryada Purushottam Ram에서 영화를 만들고 빠른 흥행 성공을 위해 Maryada의 모든 경계를 넘는 것은 용납할 수 없습니다."라고 덧붙였습니다. 한편 우익 단체인 힌두 세나는 델리 고등법원에 '아디푸루시'에 대해 이 영화가 공개 전시용으로 인증되지 않도록 요구하는 청원서를 제출했습니다. 힌두 세나(Hindu Sena) 국가 회장 비슈누 굽타(Vishnu Gupta)는 "이것은 인도 헌법 226조에 의거한 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 공익 소송 형태의 청원서로 피고인에게 인도의 불쾌한 장면을 종교 지도자/캐릭터/인물을 나쁜 취향으로 피고인에게 장편 영화 Adipurush를 공개 전시용으로 인증하지 말라고 지시하는 위임장을 발행하고 이 정한 법원이 사건의 사실과 정황." 탄원서는 또한 영화가 '종교 지도자/인물/인물을 부정확하고 부적절한 방식으로 묘사함으로써 힌두교 공동체의 정서를 상하게 한다'고 주장했습니다. Om Raut가 감독하고 Bhushan Kumar가 제작한 Adipurush는 힌두 서사시 라마야나를 기반으로 하며 Prabhas가 Lord Ram으로, Kriti Sanon이 Sita로, Sunny Singh이 Lakshman으로 출연합니다. 영화에서 Saif Ali Khan은 Ravan의 역할을 설명하는 것으로 보입니다. 개봉에 앞서 마하라슈트라 주 부총리 데벤드라 파드나비스(Devendra Fadnavis)와 우타라칸드 CM 량개인적소삼림 한글자막 1화~36화 푸쉬카르 싱 다미(Pushkar Singh Dhami)를 포함한 몇몇 BJP 지도자들은 이 영화에 엄지손가락을 치켜세웠다. Fadnavis는 Instagram 핸들에 "#Adipurush Prabhu Shri Ram이 MaryadaPurshottam Prabhu Shri Ram의 삶을 바탕으로 대망의 영화 'Adipurush'를 축복하기를 바랍니다. 감독, 프로듀서 및 팀 #Adipurush의 차트 버스터 성공을 기원합니다

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nfliplnews · 2 years ago

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[ad_1] “Let’s speed up the pace of play #IPL2023” Chennai Super Kings captain MS Dhoni with umpire during the IPL 2023 cricket match between Chennai Super Kings and Lucknow Super Giants, at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, in Chennai(PTI) At 8:13 pm on April 3, Jos Buttler knew he was in for a long night of cricket when he tweeted the above words. He wasn't alone. Millions of fans around the country and beyond were thinking the exact same thing. And they weren’t wrong either. By the time the last ball in the high-scoring match between Chennai Super Kings (CSK) and Lucknow Super Giants was bowled -- the clock had ticked past the 11:30 pm mark. Four hours for a game that has routinely been touted as anything but that. The first game of the IPL season between CSK and Gujarat Titans lasted over four hours as well. The CSK innings lasted 119 minutes and the GT innings 101 minutes. It established an unhealthy trend that continues to trouble fans and players alike (if not those playing, those watching for sure). Teams have to start bowling the 20th over before the stipulated time limit of 90 minutes ends. If a team is behind the over rate, the bowling team will be allowed to have only four fielders outside the 30-yard circle for every over not completed within the allocated time. This happened to CSK against LSG, but does it really hurt them? Just as we would wonder whether the fines that were in place previously hurt the team. This season saw the introduction of several new initiatives by IPL and all of that isn't helping either. Reviews for no-balls and wides are adding to the delays as is the short break for the impact players. This, of course, is in addition to the repeat offenders -- strategic timeouts and mid-pitch conferences. All of it adds up and not in the way anyone appreciates. The extended hours are a problem IPL has been dealing with for a while but despite introducing measures to curb the malaise, it very much seems to be a losing battle at this point. The IPL season is chock-a-block as it is. The games, scheduled daily, already make fatigue an issue for fans and the longer games can't be helping their cause. Learning the ropes? Well, for starters, they could get every bowler to bowl like Ravindra Jadeja. Now, that isn't realistic but the left-arm spinner shows it is possible to bowl your overs quickly. One solution could be to take a page out of basketball’s book, where in the National Basketball Association you have 24 seconds between two shots. This ensures that players find a way to play the game at a good tempo. Tennis has its own variation of the rule. While rules call for players to take a maximum of 25 seconds between points, the shot clock only starts when the umpire calls the score, allowing officials to permit long points for crowd excitement. This leads to controversy from time to time and Rafael Nadal certainly has had a thing or two to say about it in the past. Major League Baseball is trying to up the pace as well. The innings would sometimes seemingly go on and on. So, this season, a new pitch clock has been introduced. With the bases empty, pitchers now have 15 seconds to start their motion; with a runner on, they have 20 seconds. The interesting bit is the punishment doled out for delays. If they take longer than the allowed time, they will be assessed a ball — meaning, in some cases, an umpire-awarded walk for the batter. Batters aren't exempt either now and are required to be ready by the time the clock counts down to eight seconds; violators will be assessed a strike, and if it’s the third strike, a strikeout. This will also give umpires something to do during the game as for everything else, there is the TV umpire. What can IPL do? The MLB rules hit teams where it hurt. IPL has to find a way to do the same. Allowing just four fielders outside the circle is a step in the right direction but isn't enough. Delays need to cost runs or at least result in free hits. It has to become the kind of offence that teams will think twice before committing; one that may even cost them the match. Multiple offenders might even have to play the next match without their skippers. Imagine CSK without Dhoni or Gujarat without Pandya. It would hurt. Do that and see how things start to fall into place. As things stand, though, it isn't enough to force a rethink. Some might argue that this will take away from the game. It should be about skill and not time. But just as bowling 10 overs in an hour didn't help Test cricket, neither does this. The 15-over stipulation is fair and it asks teams to step it up as professionals should. Do the strategising during the strategic time-outs (surely that break can be for more than just ads) and then trust the bowlers. Make the adjustments quickly, figure out the options quicker and maybe the matches will start ending on time as well. Time, they say, waits for no one. That should hold true in IPL too. [ad_2] Source link

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gadgetsforusesblog · 2 years ago

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Click to read # Balam Pichkari Jo Tune Mujhe Mari...UP Police's Happy Holi Warning Message | Warning message from Uttar Pradesh police to thugs in Holi festival

Officers and employees of the local police have been deployed along with 8 Company Central Force, 228 Company PAC, 3 Company SDRF, 2390 teams of QRT to make Holi successful and maintain the law and order of the state. Holi festival. Image Credit source: PTI Lucknow: Balam Pichkari who fired without permission… then you can get in trouble. This post on Holi festival Uttar Pradesh shared by the…

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imjusthereforsupernatural · 4 years ago

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More D&D help!!

Hi friends, I need your help. My boyfriend is running a campaign and he needs a boat load of NPC’s and he had a really cool idea: use random people’s already created player characters! So..

If you have a PC that you would like to be an NPC in another campaign, send me a DM!

All I’d need is a brief character description. Thanks y’all!

#jo's pti #dnd #d&d #npcs #pc #character creation #characters #dungeons and dragons #npc #PCs #help

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imjusthereforsupernatural · 6 years ago

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Y’all go check out this Etsy shop!! Awesome, affordable supernatural stuff!! I just placed an order :)

New item! Only one set available at the moment! Set of porcelain tile coasters! Check them out at Kmacsjewelry

#jo's pti

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gadgets360technews · 5 years ago

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Samson on his time with Team India 'It was a great feeling to be trusted by players such as Virat bhai and Rohit

#Brad Hodge #Gautam Gambhir #Hodgy #Jos Buttler #mahendra singh dhoni #MS Dhoni #new-zealand #PTI #rahul dravid #Rajasthan Royals #Rohit #Sanju Samson #Smith Chachu #Steve Smith #t20 #team india

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imjusthereforsupernatural · 5 years ago

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Hello! Does anyone do minor voice acting? I want one line of audio for a couple character introductions. If anyone wants to do that for me, please send me a DM for more info.

#voice acting #character art #character concept #help #jo's pti #character design

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thedailyreportmedia · 5 years ago

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Large scale violent demonstrations have seen in Assam and other Northeastern states against the passing of the bill. In other parts, protesters demanded that Indian citizenship must be granted to Muslim refugees and immigrants.

The Citizenship Amendment Act was passed by Parliament of India in December and it amended the Citizenship Act of 1955 by providing a path to Indian citizenship for illegal migrants of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious minorities, who had been persecuted from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan before December 2014. Muslims from those countries were not given such eligibility. This act was the first time religion had been used as a benchmark for citizenship under Indian law.

Major protests against the CAA were held at universities in India. Students at Aligarh Muslim University and Jamia Milia Islamia witnessed brutal suppression by the police force. The protests had led to several deaths, heavy damage was done to public and private property, and local internet mobile phone connectivity was suspended.

The CAA protests started in December, 2019 and it is continuing affecting the lives of people and creating a sense of disturbance in the country, especially in the National capital of India.

Now, around 500 people, mostly women rose in protest against the CAA, blocking a major road at the Jaffrabad Metro Station since Saturday night.

On Sunday afternoon, BJP leader Kapil Mishra tweeted and invited those who support the CAA to Maujpur Chowk at 3 pm which indirectly answered the hindrance at Jaffrabad. By 4:30 pm, violent large scale protests are being witnessed in Maujpur in northeast Delhi. The anti and pro- CAA law protesters started a fracas that got elevated into throwing stones at each other and then setting vehicles on fire. Police had to fire teargas shells to bring the situation under control.

Also, within some hours, the nearby areas of Bhajanpura and Chand Bagh too witnessed violence. A petrol pump was ignited by the protesters in Bhajanpura.

In the evening, Mishra tweeted a video where he put forth a threat that his supporters are just waiting till US President Donald Trump’s visit and after that, they would not even listen to Delhi Police and will make sure that all roads which are blocked by anti-CAA protesters are cleared. Kapil Mishra had given a three-day ultimatum to the police or, he said, “we would have to take the streets”.

Protests at both Jaffrabad and Maujpur continued the following day. On Monday, pro-CAA protesters were seen in Maujpur Chowk playing songs on loudspeakers in the morning with lyrics saying, “Jo maange azaadi desh mein, bhejo Pakistan unhe” and “Bharat ka abhimaan hai Hindu bhagwadhaari aayega, Pukaarti Ma Bhaarti khoon se rang bharo goliyon ke naam ki”.

The police lineup was all around the Maujpur-Jaffrabad stretch, though they heard the songs near the chowk, they did not take any step towards that.

Again, two groups of pro and anti-CAA protesters escalated into stone-throwing outside the Maujpur Metro Station. The police had to fire tear gas shells and bring the situation under control. Just 2 hours later or so, around 2 pm, the anti-CAA protesters headed towards Maujpur Chowk and the pro-CAA protesters headed towards the Jaffrabad. Suspecting that the situation would soon turn violent, they reached the midpoint but by then, both the groups started throwing heavy stones at each other. The police again had to fire teargas shells when the situation was getting out of control. An autorickshaw was set on fire during the time of violence.

Till 5 pm, the attacks by throwing stones continued, after which the police could somehow bring the situation in control. Almost 800-900 police and paramilitary personnel that have been fanned out in the Jaffrabad-Maujpur stretch after the incident took place.

Five Delhi Metro stations in the North East district will remain closed on February 25 which includes Jaffrabad, Maujpur-Babarpur, Gokulpuri, Johri Enclave, and Shiv Vihar stations.

Ratan Lal (42), a head constable died after getting injured during the violent stone-pelting attacks along with five other people during the clashes and at least 105 others, including several paramilitary and at least 11 police personnel including Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), Shahdara, Amit Sharma, and ACP Anuj Kumar were injured during the violent incidents which took place in Northeast Delhi. Two CRPF police personnel were also injured, PTI reported. Section 144 has been enforced in that area.

Violent throwing of stone attacks took place today morning in Maujpur and Brahampuri in the morning on February 25.

“Am v worried abt prevailing situation in certain parts of Del. All of us together shud make all efforts to restore peace in our city. I again urge everyone to shun violence.

Am meeting all MLAs (of all parties) of affected areas along wid senior officials in a while.”, Kejriwal tweeted.

According to the sources, the meeting will take place at the chief minister’s residence at 10:30 am.

#no nrc #nrcindia #india against nrc #caa nrc #anti nrc #nrc protest #delhipolice #Delhi #graphic violence

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