#Industrial Electrical York PA

[emaanderson]

Radar Sensor Market Size by Research Nester Reveals the Market to Grow with a CAGR of ~14% During 2023-2035

New York – May 15, 2023 - Research Nester’s recent market research analysis on “Radar Sensor Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2035” delivers a detailed competitor’s analysis and a detailed overview of the global radar sensor market in terms of market segmentation by type, range, application, and by region.

Growing Use of Sensors in Vehicles to Promote Global Market Share of Radar Sensors

The main use of radar uses in the automotive industry. Vehicles frequently use radar sensors for functions such as blind spot detection (BSD), lane change assistance (LCA), collision mitigation (CM), parking assistance (PA), and rear cross-traffic alert (RCTA). Thus, the rapid growth in the automotive industry along with the escalation in the production and sales of vehicles is estimated to bring lucrative growth opportunities for market growth.

For instance, there were almost 1.4 billion motor vehicles across the world by the end of 2022. Also, radar sensors in vehicles are effective in traffic monitoring and avoiding traffic road crashes and accidents. Despite illumination and weather conditions, radar sensors can provide information about the counts, speeds, and directions of each moving target. Therefore, with the increasing number of deaths in road crashes, the utilization and demand for radar sensors are estimated to grow considerably in the next few years.

Some of the major growth factors and challenges that are associated with the growth of the global radar sensor market are:

Growth Drivers:

Surge in Usage of Sensors in the Healthcare Industry

Growing Use of 5G Technology in Radar Sensing

Challenges:

The main challenge for the market growth is the easy availability of substituents of radar sensors such as LiDAR sensors which produce better results and are more effective. Furthermore, the requirement of high development and initial cost along with growing concern for misuse of the product are some of the major factors anticipated to hamper the global market size of radar sensors.

Access our detailed report at:

By application, the global radar sensor market is segmented into automotive, aerospace & defense, industrial, and government & public infrastructure. The automotive segment is to garner the highest revenue by the end of 2035 by growing at a significant CAGR over the forecast period, backed by growing demand for self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles, and electric vehicles.

Automakers are concentrating their efforts on sensor research and development since autonomous vehicles depend on a variety of sensors for navigation. Also, the rising government regulation of integrating radar sensors in vehicles to boost passenger safety is another factor for robust revenue generation shortly.

By region, the North American radar sensor market is to generate the highest revenue by the end of 2035, backed by the significant military and defense capacities in North American nations such as the US and Canada, along with advancement in technologies backed by the presence of key suppliers and companies of radar sensors. Furthermore, the presence of major end-use industries in the region along with the increasing government regulations for using radar sensors for various applications to promote efficiency and safety is also estimated to create a positive outlook for market expansion in the region.

Access our detailed report at:

This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players of the global radar sensor market which includes company profiling of Continental AG, Delphi Automotive LLP, Infineon Technologies AG, NXP Semiconductors, Smart Microwave Sensors GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Denso Corporation, Hella KGaA Hueck & Co, Autoliv Inc., Lockheed Martin Corporation, and others.

[pennsylvaniacontractors]

The Top-rated Pennsylvania Contractors

Looking for top-rated contractors in Pennsylvania? Finding the right home contractor can be daunting, but choosing someone with relevant experience and excellent reviews is essential to ensure high-quality work within your budget. Fortunately, Pennsylvania boasts a diverse range of contractors specializing in roofing, electrical, paving, landscaping, and more. With so many options, from expertise to location and cost, thorough research is critical. Here are some of the most notable home contractors across PA to help you make an informed decision.

Excelsior Roofing Contractors

Excelsior Roofing has provided professional roofing services to Pennsylvania since 2011, covering areas such as Center Valley, Easton, the Lehigh Valley, and Bethlehem. This family-owned and operated business can handle any flat, metal, or asphalt roofing needs for residential and commercial properties. They offer a range of roofing materials, including asphalt shingle, metal, slate, and copper, to meet their clients' needs. With over 100 5-star reviews on Google and Yelp, Excelsior Roofing is dedicated to delivering high-quality craftsmanship and roofing materials from top suppliers like GAF and Owens Corning.

Excelsior Roofing has become a trusted name in Pennsylvania for roofing services by ensuring that the roofing process is as stress-free as possible. Excelsior Roofing understands the importance of choosing a reliable roofing contractor and how stressful the decision-making process can be. That's why they offer the industry's best warranty on all new construction and roof replacements, providing PA homeowners with peace of mind.

Center Valley, PA

2. Bethlehem, PA

Keystone Home Remodeling

Keystone Home Remodeling is a leading home remodeling company in Pennsylvania, offering a wide range of services, including kitchen and basement remodeling and specific pieces within the home, such as doors. They are also well-known for their excellent exterior deck remodeling work. Keystone Home Remodeling prides itself on its commitment to customer satisfaction and ensures a clean work site post-construction. Unlike many other contractors, Keystone Home Remodeling understands the importance of cleaning and tidying your home after a remodeling project. That's why they use top-of-the-line equipment and floor protection and thoroughly clean their workspace at the end of each workday to contain dust particles. Their dedication to their work and customers is reflected in their attention to detail and commitment to creating a positive remodeling experience for all their clients.

Earl Weaver Contractors

Earl Weaver Contractors provide an array of services for homeowners and businesses. From bathroom upgrades to exterior deck additions to plumbing, HVAC, and electrical repairs, to hardscaping services - they have the expertise and experience to help you get the job done right. No matter what project you need to be done, Earl Weaver Contractors' team of professionals has the know-how and twenty-plus years of experience to ensure that it gets done on time and perfectly.

Costa Homebuilders

Costa Homebuilders understand that building a home requires more than just constructing walls and ceilings. They go out of their way to ensure their customers are at the heart of the process, from start to finish. By getting to know their customers, they better understand what kind of remodeling is right for each home. Then, they draw up a detailed design plan tailored to meet the customer's needs before bringing in their expert team of builders and personnel to bring it all together. With such dedication to quality since 2014, it's no wonder Costa Homebuilders ranks so highly among custom home designers in Pennsylvania.

Yorklyn Construction

For over 45 years, Yorklyn Construction in York Town, Pennsylvania, has been the go-to contracting business for home remodeling and additions. They do excellent work with exterior projects, from decks and wraparound additions to window replacements and garage construction. Internally, they specialize in basement finishings, bathroom remodels and additions; kitchen remodels and additions, and general contracting – offering top-notch services to make your home a perfect reflection of you. With their extensive experience in the industry, customers can trust that the team at Yorklyn Construction will meet all of their needs.

A Sanchez Inc.

A Sanchez Inc. has been a dependable and trustworthy home remodeling service for over ten years. Whether you're looking to remodel your house or a business, the team focuses on every detail of the process from start to finish. Their commitment to craftsmanship has made them one of Pennsylvania's premier contracting businesses, and is why customers across the region trust them. With their expertise in any setting, A Sanchez Inc ensures you get exactly the home you envision.

American Home Contractors

Customers have nothing but praise for American Home Contractors, with over 5,000 five-star reviews. This highly experienced contractor is renowned for its commitment to quality and only uses the best products from top distributors such as GAF, Tesla, James Hardie, and Mastic. Their services span the Northeast region from Pennsylvania to New Jersey – offering highly sought-after services such as roofing, solar panels and roofs, house sidings, window replacements, door installments, and gutter installations/cleanings/repairs. With this expansive coverage area combined with their commitment to quality, it's no surprise why many customers leave satisfied after working with American Home Contractors.

Munz Construction

For over 35 years, Munz Construction has been the go-to remodeling business for Pennsylvania homeowners. They specialize in adding and remodeling anything you want inside or outside your home – from kitchens, bathrooms, and in-law suites to decks, garages, patio covers, and windows.

With such exceptional services, Munz Construction easily stands out within the industry as one of the region's most reliable and knowledgeable home remodelers. Their craftsmanship is second to none and can be seen up close at their extensive showroom. It's a great way for homeowners to get an idea of what they want for their home – many customers find it an inspiration that helps them figure out how to start their full remodeling project.

Zephyr Thomas Home Improvement Co.

Zephyr Thomas Home Improvement Co. is a residential remodeling business in Lancaster, PA, striving to be the region's best all-in-one home remodeler. With their impressive range of services – including window and door replacements, home additions, sunrooms, four-season patio enclosures, and bathroom and kitchen remodeling – it's no wonder why they've been awarded many prestigious titles over the past 60 years. Working with Zephyr Thomas guarantees professional service from experienced contractors; a helpful blog full of inspiring posts about door styles, how to upgrade your home, the benefits of replacing certain amenities, and more is available on their website to help you make educated decisions about your project plans. Their helpful services, customer care, and awards verify them as one of the country's top 500 remodelers – making them a great option for any homeowner seeking superior renovation services.

Fox Built

When you work with Fox Built, you're not just working with a family-owned business – you're working with a family. With an emphasis on understanding and getting to know their customers, the Fox Built team ensures that customer satisfaction is at the heart of every project. From remodeling bathrooms, kitchens, and basements to creating custom homes from the ground up, they offer a complete range of services to suit your needs. Plus, for larger projects – like building homes up to 5,000 square feet – they aim to keep timelines as short as possible without compromising on quality or design. Whether you're looking for something small or grand, Fox Built has the expertise and dedication to create your dream home efficiently and reliably.

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#roofingcompany

#residentialroofing

#roofingcontractor

#roofingcompany

#roofrepair

#roofers

#pennsylvania

#bethlehem

#centervalley

[olko71]

New Post has been published on All about business online

New Post has been published on http://yaroreviews.info/2023/02/britishvolt-bought-by-australian-firm-recharge-industries

Britishvolt bought by Australian firm Recharge Industries

Britishvolt/PA Media

By Simon Jack

Business editor

Australian firm Recharge Industries has bought the defunct battery maker Britishvolt out of administration.

Britishvolt had plans to build a £4bn battery plant near the Port of Blyth in Northumberland but collapsed last month after running out of money.

Its downfall was blamed on a lack of battery experience, proven technology, customers and revenue.

Recharge Industries has in many ways a similar profile – it is a start up with little manufacturing experience.

The Australian company is ultimately owned and run by a New York-based investment fund called Scale Facilitation.

“What we are bringing is validated technology,” the fund’s Australian chief executive David Collard told the BBC.

“The US defence industry has validated it and it is already supplied to the UK navy through a subcontractor.”

Big ambitions

The new owners will keep the Britishvolt brand name but have very different plans for the future.

The company intends to start by focusing on batteries for energy storage and hopes to have those products available by the end of 2025.

It then intends to produce batteries for high-performance sports cars.

UK car production collapses to lowest for 66 years

Electric car battery firm goes into administration

The prospect of a much-needed plant that can produce batteries for high-volume carmakers in the UK looks many years off.

But does Mr Collard understand why many in government and the automotive industry are nervous that it won’t deliver what UK industry needs without involvement from major manufacturers like Ford, GM, JLR and BMW?

“They all started somewhere before they became big. We’ve got accelerated growth and have been successful all along the way,” he said.

Recharge Industries certainly has big ambitions. It is planning to build a similar plant in Mr Collard’s hometown of Geelong, near Melbourne. He has spent time fostering relations with government and opposition leaders there.

He conceded he hadn’t made the same level of connections in the UK yet, but had engaged with the owners of the Northumberland site.

“I spent a lot of time with Northumberland County Council. They genuinely want a gigafactory and the best thing for their people,” he said.

Mr Collard conceded he might not be the right person to deliver that.

“I’m not saying I’m the best person in the world to run this project, but at the end of the day the administrators had a legal obligation to get the best return for creditors. But I do think they care, as individuals, what the future holds.”

The deal comes just days after the Levelling-Up Secretary Michael Gove spoke to the Northern Echo during a visit to Blyth and announced £20.7m in funding for the coastal town.

“The government is ready to stand behind the right company with the right investment because we do believe that a gigafactory here in Blyth would be an appropriate way of building on the skills that local people have, and indeed the edge that this town has already displayed when it comes to renewables and the future of energy,” Mr Collard said.

‘Shovel ready’

Britishvolt’s collapse, with the loss of more than 200 jobs, had been seen as a blow to the government’s “levelling up” agenda instigated by former Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

The government had offered £100m to the former Britishvolt owners if they hit certain construction milestones.

Mr Collard said he would happily accept government funding but wanted broad political support. “Anyone will take free money but at the end of the day what we want is bi-partisan support and we have that in Australia and the US.”

He described the site as “shovel ready” but said it would be six to 12 months before the first shovel would be used on site.

Ultimately, he hopes the site will create up to 8,000 jobs on site and in the supply chain.

That would be a great outcome for the region and the UK economy but this project does not seem to be the answer yet to the UK’s pressing car battery needs.

The UK currently has only one Chinese-owned battery plant, which is next to the Nissan factory in Sunderland.

There are 35 plants planned or already under construction in the European Union.

Related Topics

Companies

Blyth

Electric cars

More on this story

UK battery start-up set to be bought by Australian firm

6 February

UK car production collapses to lowest for 66 years

26 January

Electric car battery firm goes into administration

17 January

UK battery firm staff agree to November pay cut

2 November 2022

UK battery firm averts collapse as funding secured

31 October 2022

[dmelectric]

Electrical Contractor For in York, PA - DM Electric

DM Electric has been your trusted electrician contractor in york for over 25 years and we are here to help you with any electrical issues you may have. Our team of certified electricians will provide you with excellent service at reasonable prices, no matter how big or small your project is. We strive to provide excellent customer service as well as new innovative products. If you are looking for an electrician in York, look no further than DM Electric!

[carnegiemuseumnaturalhistory]

Understanding Fossil Fuels through Carnegie Museums’ Exhibits

by Albert D. Kollar, Collection Manager, with assistance from Suzanne Mills, Collection Assistant, and Joann Wilson, Volunteer Section of Invertebrate Paleontology

The exhibits of Carnegie Museum of Natural History and Carnegie Museum of Art are ideal for a multidisciplinary study of fossil fuels in Pennsylvania and beyond. Such a study must properly begin with some historical background about the landmark Oakland building that houses both museums, as well as some background information about fossil fuels.

When the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh opened in 1895, the architects, Longfellow, Alden, and Harlow incorporated roof skylights for maximum daytime lighting in the Italian Renaissance designed building¹. Nighttime activities were illuminated by interior gas lighting fixtures, possibly supplied by the Murrysville gas field, which began production in 1878. With the opening of the Carnegie Institute Extension in 1907, the Bellefield Boiler Plant was built in Junction Hollow to supply in-house steam heat and electricity from bituminous coal¹. From the 1970’s, coal and natural gas had been used to heat the boilers that supply heat to the Oakland Campus, Phipps, the University of Pittsburgh and the Oakland hospitals. In 2009 coal was eliminated as a fuel source. Electricity on the other hand, is supplied through Talen Energy from multiple sources (coal, gas, and renewable energy sources). For the future, Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh plans to receive its electricity from renewable solar energy via Talen Energy².

What are Fossil Fuels?

Coal, oil, and natural gas (methane), known collectively as fossil fuels, are sources of energy derived from the remains of ancient life forms that usually are found preserved in coal rock, black shale, and sandstone.

Figure 1.

Coal is a rock. The coalification process starts from a thick accumulation of plant material in reducing environments where the organic matter does not decay completely. This deposit of plant residue that thrives in freshwater swamps at high latitudes forms peat, an early stage or rank in the development of coal. With the burial of peat over geologic time and a low temperature form of metamorphism produces a progression of the maturity or “rank” of the organic deposits that form the coal ranks of lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite³ (Fig. 1). The Pennsylvanian Period was named for the rocks and coals of southwestern Pennsylvania that formed more than 300 million years ago.

Oil and natural gas, collectively known as hydrocarbons, were forming in the Devonian rocks of Pennsylvania between 360 and 390 million years ago. These hydrocarbon deposits or kerogens are made of millions of generations of marine plankton and animal remains that accumulated in a restricted anoxia ocean basin that extended from southern New York, through western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia to eastern Kentucky⁴. The thick layers of sediment formed black shales or mud rocks such as the Marcellus Shale. Black shales are rich in oil and gas and are called source rocks. Sandstones such as the Oriskany Sandstone that is older than the Marcellus Shale is a reservoir rock. An amorphous mass of organic matter or kerogen undergo complex geochemical reshuffling of the hydrocarbon molecules first with burial then by thermal “cracking” as heat and pressure through the geologic process of metamorphism over millions of years transform kerogen into modern day fossil fuels⁴.

Fossil Fuels in Modern Society

As commodities converted to fuels for our modern world, these resources account for 80% of today’s energy consumption in the United States⁵. All three fossil fuels, in furnaces of vastly different design, have been used to directly heat homes, schools, workplaces, and other structures. In power plants, all three have been used for generating electricity for lighting, charging mobile phones, and powering computers, home appliances, and all manner of industrial machines. In the United States, coal became the country’s primary energy source in the late 1880s, displacing the forest-destroying practice of burning wood. It ceded the top spot to petroleum in 1950 but enjoyed a late-20th-century renaissance as the primary fuel for power plants⁵. Coal now generates approximately 11% of our country’s supply down from 48% just 20 years ago. Natural gas is currently used to generate approximately 35% of US electricity supplanting the use of coal⁶. While petroleum is less than1%⁶.

Transportation accounts for approximately 37% of total energy consumption. Coal played an historic role in powering railroads, and both compressed natural gas and batteries (charged with electricity generated from various sources) are of growing importance, however, refined oil products currently power 91% of the transportation sector⁶.

Figure 2.

In the early 20th century, scientists warned about how the burning of coal could create global warming in future centuries by raising the level of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse or heat-holding gas, in the atmosphere. (Fig. 2). It took less than a century for evidence to mount of climate change associated with the burning of fossil fuels, the clearing of forests associated with industrial scale livestock production, and from waste management and other routine processes of modern life. In recent decades headlines have routinely proclaimed the risks of a warming planet, including damage to terrestrial ecosystems, the oceans, and a rise in sea level⁷.

Fossil Fuels and Museum Geology Displays

When architects Frank E. Alden and Alfred B. Harlow designed the Carnegie Institute Extension (1907), they incorporated Andrew Carnegie’s vision to create an introduction hall to the museum named Physics, Geology and Mineralogy⁸. This hall (the forerunner to Benedum Hall of Geology) was intended to introduce Pittsburghers to the regional natural history subjects of geology, paleontology, and economic geology (fossil fuels)⁹.

Figure 3.

In the 1940s, the 300-million-year-old Pennsylvanian age coal forest diorama was installed in a corner space of what is now part of the Benedum Hall of Geology (Fig. 3). Because coal converted to coke is a vital ingredient in steel production, this three-dimensional depiction of the conditions under which Pittsburgh’s economically important coal deposits formed was (and remains) an important public asset.

Figure 4.

In 1965, as part of an overall plan to bring more of the natural history museum’s fossil collection to the public, Paleozoic Hall opened with funding from the Richard King Mellon Foundation¹⁰. This exhibition featured nine dioramas that recreate the ancient environments through 290 million years of Earth history. Sadly, only one of the nine units remains on display, the diorama depicting the Pennsylvanian age marine seaway (Fig. 4), in the Benedum Hall of Geology.

Since the Benedum Hall of Geology opened to the public in 1988 the exhibition has featured an economic geology component with displays explaining differences between coal ranks Lignite coal to anthracite coal, and a variety of Pennsylvania’s crude oils and lubricants processed from the historic well Edwin Drake drilled in Titusville in 1859 (Fig. 1 )¹¹.

Figure 5.

Today, the Hall’s “strata wall,” a towering depiction of some of the rock layers found thousands of feet below western Pennsylvania, is in my opinion, an under-utilized display in terms of conveying information about fossil fuels. Although the wall is not currently documented with any geologic information, minor changes might allow visitors to use the lens of rock strata to better understand historical events such as the Drake Well, and economically important geologic reservoirs such as the Marcellus Shale (the second largest gas deposit in the United States), the natural gas storage reservoir of the Oriskany Sandstone, and the gas and liquid condensate (ethane) extracted from the Utica Formation (Ordovician Age) for making plastic products at the Shell Cracker Plant in Beaver County, PA (Fig. 5).

Figure 6.

Elsewhere in the museum, visitors can learn more about the topic of fossil fuels at several other locations. At the Holzmaden fossil exhibit in Dinosaurs in Their Time, there is a large fossil crinoid preserved in a dark gray limestone of Jurassic age, that represents a reservoir of crude oil in Germany (Fig. 6). At the mini diorama of the La Brea tar pits, oil seeps from natural fractures from an approximately six-million-year-old rock of Miocene age, to the unconsolidated surface sediment in what is now part of the City of Los Angeles (Fig. 7).

Figure 7.

Looking for Fossil Fuel Evidence in Art

In 2018, I reviewed 58 landscape paintings and the John White Alexander wall murals on the first and second floors of the Grand Staircase within Carnegie Museum of Art (CMOA) galleries to look for artistic documentation of what I interpreted to be causes for climate change based on the science. I found many examples based on the use of coal as a fossil fuel for power and coking in steel mills and the natural formation of bio-methane as portrayed in ecosystem landscapes of the industrial age of the middle 19th and early 20th century¹².

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Searching for the CMOA landscapes paintings takes a little patience, but the visitor is rewarded by taking a new look at some of the art museum’s classic paintings (Fig. 8 and 9).

Figure 10.

Within day trip visiting distance of Carnegie Museums are historic plaques highlighting the discovery of coal on Mount Washington, natural gas in Murrysville, and oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania. (Fig. 10). At all three stops you’ll have a better understanding of the significance if you begin your investigation of fossil fuels at Carnegie Museums.

Albert D. Kollar is the Collection Manager for the Section of Invertebrate Paleontology. Suzanne Mills is the Collection Assistant and Joann Wilson is a volunteer Section of Invertebrate Paleontology.

References

1. Kollar, A.D. 2020. CMP Travel Program and Section of Invertebrate Paleontology promotes the 125th Anniversary of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh with an outdoor walking tour. https://carnegiemnh.org/125th-anniversary-carnegie-library-of-pittsburgh-outdoor-walking-tour/

2. Personal communications Anthony J. Young, Vice President (FP&O) Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.

3. Brezinski, D. K. and C K. Brezinski. 2014. Geology of Pennsylvania’s Coal. PAlS Publication Number 18.

4. Geology of the Marcellus Shale. 2011. Brezinski, D.K., D. A. Billman, J.A. Harper, and A.D. Kollar. PAlS Publication 11.

5. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-03/coal-consumption-in-the-u-s-declines-as-natural-gas-solar-wind-energy-rise

6. United States Energy Agency (EIA) 2019.

7. Bill Gates. 2021. How to Avoid A Climate Disaster.

8. Kollar et al. 2020. Carnegie Institute Extension Connemara Marble: Cross-Atlantic Connections Between Western Ireland and Gilded Age Architecture in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ACM, 86, 207-253.

9. Dawson, M. R. 1988. Benedum Hall of Geology. Carnegie Magazine, 12-18.

10. Eller, E. R. 1965. Paleozoic Hall. Carnegie Magazine, 255-338.

11. Harper and Dawson 1992. Benedum Hall-A Celebration of Geology. Pennsylvania Geology, 23, 12-15.

12. Kollar et al. 2018. Geology of the Landscape Paintings at the Carnegie Museum of Art, a Reflection of the “Anthropocene” 1860-2017. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 49, 243.

[rapturerecords]

Song: Slave to the Blues / Oh My Babe Blues

Artist: Ma Rainey and her Georgia Band

Record Label: Paramount 12332

Recorded: ca. December 1925

Location: Project V13 teaser

A rare song from a rare label. Here’s “Slave to the Blues” presented by the infamous Paramount Records label. Regrettably due to both its age and the somewhat non-standard practices of recording and pressing at the label, the audio quality leaves something to be desired, but I have tried to clear up some of the noise.

This year is rather auspicious as it is the 10 year anniversary of the 2010 teaser for Project V13 on the Fallout website and also the recent release of a new film Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom on Netflix. This record happens to have been made two years before the recording session depicted in the film.

When logging into the now-defunct Fallout Online website, players were greeted with a series of Polaroid photographs being tossed onto the table offering shots of buildings and concept art while this song emanates from the glowing record player and radio combination console on the right.

Recorded in late 1925 in the winter, this song is one of the few songs from the 1920s used in Fallout and would have been the oldest recording used in the series.

A period Chicago Defender print ad for Ma Rainey’s “Bessemer Bound Blues”, recorded during the same session. Also listed are other Paramount Record titles.

Born Gertrude Pridgett, though otherwise known as Ma Rainey, she lived a fairly colorful life rife with intrigue and rumor. Even her birthplace is uncertain with various sources giving credit to Alabama or Georgia.

As her named suggests, she is dubbed the “Mother of the Blues”, combining elements of vaudeville and early “jass” (later spelled as jazz). She and her husband William “Pa” Rainey toured extensively throughout the South in the 1900s and 1910s with live performances in minstrel shows and vaudeville. It’s around this time she coined the term “blues” to describe her music as well as developing a relationship with Bessie Smith, also up and coming.

Though demand for recordings by black musicians was high, the color barrier meant that Rainey was not able to be shellacked until 1923 by signing with Paramount.

While she recorded with many jazz stars of the day and made over one hundred recordings with Paramount, the film focuses on her last years with the label which would also go bankrupt by the 1930s.

Regrettably, there are comparatively few photos of Ma Rainey, but her voice still echoes from the grooves.

Left: A still of the 1984 Broadway cast, Center: A Playbill for “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom”, Right: A reverse shot of the same scene from inside the recording room from the 2020 film

Strictly speaking, Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom is not an biographical film, but rather a restaging of the 1984 August Wilson play of the same name which dramatizes a 1927 recording session in Chicago. Many of the scenes take place outside of the recording room and focuses on conversations between the band members. With the exception of Ma Rainey herself, while the roles of the musicians, the recording engineer and so on undoubtedly existed, the characters are largely fictional.

The title refers to a song and dance of the same name, and of course Ma Rainey’s version of it as yet to be recorded until near the end of the story. The above record label represents the central MacGuffin which is never directly seen in the film, but drives the plot forward. While much has been said about the characters portrayed in the film including the last film role of Chadwick Boseman, here’s a closer look at one of the more muted mechanical stars of the 1920s recording process documented in the film.

Triptych of a heat wave: an electric fan, an ice-cold 5¢ bottle of Coca-Cola, and a box of discarded lacquer discs.

A slight change to the script of the play is the changing of the setting from winter to summer as foreheads glisten with perspiration. While dialing up the oppressive heat brings more prominence to the electric fan and Coca-Cola scenes (the character Levee also attempts to repeatedly open a door for ventilation), the original recording session for “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom” was in the winter of 1927. Perhaps the winter release of the Netflix film was meant to be a reminder.

This also has an impact on the recording session itself. The film depicts the recording session using smooth black lacquer discs (sometimes called acetate discs though they do not contain that material). As the recording engineer tosses the bad takes into the bin, it shows they are thin metal discs covered with a thin layer of nitrocellulose lacquer.

Industry films showing wax blanks used to make the initial recording before heading to the plating process. Note how the wax is polished to a shine, the disc is thicker, and of a lighter color than lacquer. The text intertitles indicate silent film footage. The first three rows date to the 1920s with the third for a Columbia Records pressing plant. The last row is a film from the 1940s showing RCA Victor still using wax recording blanks. All are for shellac 78 rpm records as the vinyl LP would be introduced in 1948.

Industry films showing lacquer covered blanks used to make the initial recording before heading to the plating process. Note how the blanks are glossy black and much thinner. The first row is from the late 1930s showing lacquer discs being used to eventually cut shellac 78s for Variety Records. 1948 would bring the invention of the vinyl LP and more common color footage. The second row shows updated footage from RCA Victor in the 1950s now using lacquer discs to press newly invented vinyl LPs. The last row also shows lacquer blanks for Capitol Records. If you don’t recognize Mel Blanc’s face, you may recognize his voice from innumerable Looney Tunes cartoons. 

Contemporary film footage from record pressing plants during the 1920s more commonly show thicker one-inch discs made of wax being used in the record lathe. Lacquer discs were more commonly used in the decades following.

A wax disc would have melted in the sultry summer of Chicago which gets as hot as it does cold in the winter. While it was easy to keep a wax disc warm, cooling technology had not progressed so far during that period. Many of Ma Rainey’s recording sessions appear to have been made in the winter or at least the cooler months in Chicago and New York. A humorous anecdote about a 1930s Bob Wills recording session details packing the wax master recordings on couple hundred pounds of ice to beat the Texas heat.

Though phonograph cylinders were made of wax a few decades prior, these wax discs made during the recording process was the origin of the term “spinning wax” popularized by disc-jockeys.

Regardless of wax or lacquer, this recording is extremely fragile and unable to be played very much. Similar to today, the process still continues to metal plating where multiple more durable metal copies are mirrored before eventually stamping out the right side up grooves into a vinyl slab, or more appropriate for the era depicted in this film, a shellac record.

Production designer Mark Ricker called the record lathe the “fifth star of the movie”. There are scant details about where they obtained the record lathe except it was from a recreator in the Los Angeles area. It is possibly related to the work of Nicholas Bergh who had restored a working 1920s record lathe which was featured in the documentary film series American Epic. The series explores this period of early recorded music and the people in front of and behind the microphone including Ma Rainey. In addition, contemporary artists attempt to adapt their music to the rigors, quirks, and restrictions of a 1920s recording studio. Jack White also produced on the film as well as producing the extensive Rise and Fall of Paramount Records box sets. Admittedly, the two machines aren’t a perfect match, but there is a very similar brass weight driving the entire mechanism which spectacularly snaps and crashes to the floor in a recording session.

With lacquer discs being used to preserve radio broadcasts by the late 1930s, it is likely the record lathe was adapted to work with lacquer discs since they are still in use today and more common to come by than wax discs.

Also notable during the session is that all the instruments and the vocalist share one microphone. The request for a second microphone was likely for dramatic effect. Similar to the acoustic era, the early electric microphone era were still experimenting with proper placement. It is a testament to the power of Ma Rainey’s voice that it can be picked out amongst the surface noise as the instruments and vocals move in and out of focus.

These were the days before the invention of magnetic tape and a substantially reduced recording booth without hulking amplifiers, control boards, and tape machines reflects that. Multi-track recording, overdubbing, or even audio editing was very difficult to accomplish in the pre-tape era. One microphone, one take, and direct to disc, otherwise the recording had to be done over.

While wax could be remelted or perhaps shaved, a flubbed take on a lacquer disc could not. Despite what some of the characters say, 6, 7, 8, 9 takes for the first song of a set-list would be expensive. Paramount would go bankrupt in the following years.

Paramount Records had a storied history nearly rivaling Ma Rainey herself though the record itself largely serves as the MacGuffin in the story. While the name of the record label was never directly mentioned in the film, there are some loose references. The advertising placards around the door mention offerings from a chair factory which Paramount originated. The Wisconsin Chair Company added making phonograph cabinets to its list of operations before delving into making their own phonographs and a record label in 1918.

Like Ma Rainey’s manager, the roles of the recording engineer and the record producer were likely combined into one character, Sturdyvant of Hot Rhythm Recordings, as the sign outside says.

Due to the popularity of the “race records”, Paramount had actually rented or owned recording studios in New York, Chicago, and in Wisconsin. Jay Mayo Williams or “Ink” Williams served as an unofficial liaison between Paramount and the African-American community, even convincing Ma Rainey to record for the label.

However, the label was plagued by low-quality pressings and inconsistent recording practices. Some records even have other songs heard in neighboring rooms. Williams would leave to produce his own record label Black Patti and later was head of the race records department at Decca.

The coming of the 1930s and the Great Depression spelled the end for Paramount Records. Employees were let go or reportedly paid in the metal record masters. Though many were sold for scrap metal, local rumor has the disgruntled employees throwing the masters into the Milwaukee River.

As a result, much of the Paramount Records catalog has become exceedingly rare or outright lost to the ages.

As a coda, a final scene was added to the film which was not present in the original play. A white orchestra plays a restrained version of a composition heard earlier by the Levee character. The bandleader is not named, but strongly resembles Paul Whiteman, one of the most recorded of the dance bands of the day. His trademark mustache and oval head were frequently caricatured even on his own record labels. Though he never recorded for Paramount, he was at the Victor and Columbia labels at the time, in addition to the circumstances of the recording session in the film there is an added layer referring to the background of his controversial self-styled moniker “The King of Jazz”.

Listen to the flip side “Oh My Babe Blues” here.

[angelicthor]

billion dollar man - part 2

pairing: tony stark x reader

summary:  after mounting bills and debt cause you to look at alternative means of making money, you’re thrown into a whole different kind of life when one of the most famous billionaires on the block offers to be your sugar daddy, of course in exchange for a different from of payment. non-superhero au.

warnings/genre: +18 only, sugarbaby/daddy relationship

masterlist | billion dollar man masterlist

You were completely stunned by the man in front of you, Tony fucking Stark; The most infamous billionaire playboy there ever was. Stark had inherited his company from his father, it was originally weapons manufacturing and Tony had transformed it from a million-dollar company to the biggest weapons corporation in the world, but he had since abandoned that line of work after he was held hostage by terrorists in Afghanistan.

The entire event had been covered by every news station in America, there wasn’t a day that went by without every channel providing an update on the situation, although most had given up hope for him after a few days. But against all odds, Stark had actually managed to survive and escape, his perspective entirely changed from the experience, vowing to never create weapons again after seeing what they were used for. Instead he focused his entire company into clean energy and honestly, the man had created some revolutionary stuff.

You had always considered the entire change of heart to be quite noble, it takes a big man to admit when he’s wrong and Stark had been very wrong. Not only that but the whole world was against him when he did it, stocks were dropping from his company, high-level employees threatened to walk and, according to Babble Babe, he lost a good number of friends over the whole fiasco. And yet, he stuck by his beliefs and actually made it work. You admired his integrity.

His business, however, didn’t make nearly as many headlines as the man himself and he happened to by Babble Babe’s favourite topic. You could guarantee that after every event New York had, the next day Tony Stark was involved in some scandal or another, he was an infamous womanizer who was forever been photographed with a different woman – or two or three – on his arm every time he was seen. Which led you to the question: why the hell was he doing this?

Your nerves amplified, your mouth drying as you released you were on a date with none other than the notorious billionaire himself – what the hell were you going to do? In you star-struck daze, you completely forgot why you were here, needing to impress him in order to solidify your arrangement.

Realising you were just standing there shamelessly gawking at the man in front of you, you hurriedly took your seat across from him, cheeks burning at the smirk that pulled at his lips and the way his eyes roamed over you appreciatively. 

“You were right: I definitely know who you are,” You laughed, shaking your head in disbelief at the situation you were in.

The chuckle that left his mouth was warm, washing over you like a calming wave, “And I was certainly right about wanting to see you in person – gotta tell you darlin’, I am not disappointed.”

You formally introduced yourselves to each other, making mindless small talk whilst the waiter took your orders, after your food was sent off for Tony leant back in his chair, regarding you with an inquiring gaze. Squirming under the intensity residing in his twinkling brown eyes, you finally relented with a sigh, “What is it?”

He seemed amused by your candour and you became sure it was something he wasn’t used to, people in his world sugar-coated everything to the point of it being nonsensical and you just didn’t have it within you to do that; you were blunt and you appreciated people returning said bluntness. You began to wonder if this was going to work at all.

“Are you always so direct?” He arched an eyebrow at you, humour evident in his tone.

“Pretty much, yeah – I like knowing where I stand with people and I make sure people know where they stand with me; I hate playing the guessing game, it’s pointless and tiring and is a complete waste of time, is it gonna be a problem?” Your brows furrowed with concern, sure you’d been talking with a few other potential ‘daddies’ on the site but Tony had been your first choice, even before you found out who he was. You didn’t want your chances to fly away just because you spoke your mind unapologetically.

“Actually no, if anything, my opinion of you just went up. I hate people pander over me, there aren’t enough people in my life who appreciate a direct answer. I was just wondering if you wanted to address the elephant in the room, you know, the fact that this is pretty much an interview for me to become your sugar daddy,” He wiggled his eyebrows at you suggestively and you couldn’t stop the boisterous laugh that burst from your lips at the gesture.

“Sure thing, where do you want to start?” You questioned him playfully, your lips curled in a smirk, on that he mirrored immediately and the atmosphere between the two of you shifted, electricity filling the air between you.

The static ambience between the two of you dimmed when the waiter brought your food over, the both of you thanking them before they were on their way, leaving you two to eat and discuss what exactly was wanted and expected from the arrangement.

“So, why exactly do you want a sugar daddy? I’m pretty sure it isn’t for the sex, a girl with your face wouldn’t struggle in that department,” You shook your head at his humour, you could see where he got his reputation from.

“I need one for the sugar part, a pretty face may get you laid but it sure as hell doesn’t pay your bills, of which mine are piling. Plus, this jig pays a pretty penny, I figured I could save enough doing this to buy a share of law-firm, become a partner somewhere ya know? Finally get to do the job I worked my ass off for in college instead of being stuck waiting tables for the rest of my life,” You sighed out, disappointed with the way your life had turned out, how the hard work you’d put into your education and career weren’t paying off because you didn’t have the funds to get you through the door.

Tony nodded in understanding, mulling over your words before he spoke: “So this isn’t a permanent thing? You aren’t going to bounce from one rich pa to pop until you get yourself a hefty retirement fund? You have plans for afterward?”

“Yeah, this isn’t how I wanted to do it but I’m getting kinda desperate. Why, did you want a professional?” You joked with him, pondering where his line of enquiry was leading.

“No, no, you’re actually exactly what I was looking for,” You arched an eyebrow in question to him, shooting him a dubious look, waiting for him to continue, “Look, I’m gonna be straight with you here. The board of Stark Industries is threatening to have me removed as CEO if I don’t show signs of stability, the risks I took remodelling it still don’t sit well with a lot of them and with my frankly reckless social life, they’re beginning to think I’m not capable to run the company. So, I need a fake significant other and to keep my image free of scandals until this all clears over; the only problem is I’m terrible at relationships – they just aren’t for me, but this, this I can do.”

The playfulness that had surrounded him all night suddenly vanished as he spoke about his company problems, the business he had spent so long on, what his father had passed down to him was being taken away from him. You couldn’t imagine how hard that must be for him, to have everything he’s worked so hard on be taken away from him because of the narrow-minded opinions of a select few, you couldn’t help but feel for him, he certainly didn’t deserve this. There was something you still didn’t understand though.

“But why get a sugar baby? You’re you; you could get a date anywhere any time – hell you normally have about three, why bother going through all of this?”

Letting out a deep sigh, he shook his head, trying to figure out how to phrase this without sounding like a complete tool: “The girls I normally date are… nice, sure. But to spend more than 24 hours with them would be mind-numbing in ways you don’t understand, to say that they aren’t of any substance is a major understatement. If this whole fake-relationship is going to work I’m going to need someone I can spend long periods of times with without wanting to stick a screwdriver in my eye.”

You couldn’t stop the giggle that escaped at his exaggerated annoyance, watching him pull the most ridiculous expressions at the thought of being forced to spend prolonged time with his usual type. “So, they’re more of a one night only kind of arrangement then?”

Tony smirked at your words, sipping on the whiskey in his glass before responding, “Sure, but that’s not the only problem. I couldn’t trust those girls with what I’m asking you for here, they’d obviously have to know it was fake because I do not want to real relationship and the moment they found out they’d sell me out to the nearest gossip magazine. What I need is trust and a mutual understanding, I need-”

“You need someone who is willing to scratch your back if you scratch theirs - with discretion of course,” You interrupted him, finally understanding why the infamous Tony Stark was going to so much trouble for a date.

“Exactly, and with you wanting a career after this, I can assume you want to be as scandal-free as possible to make the best impression on your first day. We can part ways after this with a hearty handshake and no hard feelings.”

You mulled over his words; this was too perfect to be true. You’d get to live stress-free over your bills, get to taste the high-life that New York had to over, Tony wasn’t a creepy old-guy who just wanted to fuck and run back to his high-school sweetheart, you could save enough money to actual buy a partnership into a law firm, and retain your professionalism once it was over, no one would even know it happened. You honestly couldn’t believe your luck but you sure as hell weren’t going to sit back and watch your golden opportunity pass you by.

“It sounds like a good deal to me Tony, that is if I passed the interview of course,” Your voice took on a sultry tone towards the end, looking up at him through your lashes and watching as his notorious lady-killer smirk donned his face. You understood why he could get as many women to jump between the sheets with him as he did; that smirk was a dangerous thing.

Leaning across the small table, he leaned on his hands that were clasped in front of his face, his eyes showing a mischievous glint, “Well, there are a few more things I need to see before I can wholly agree to this arrangement, that is if you are still interested?”

“I’m still very much interested Mr. Stark,” your voice dripped with allure, you knew what he was getting at and you were more than willing to play along.

The waiter once again came over, noticing your empty plates, and asked if either of you would care to look at the dessert menu, you both declined choosing instead to have one more drink before you headed home.

“Are you free tomorrow?”

You kinked a brow at him, nodding at him as you sipped at the wine in your glass, “Yeah, why do you want to meet up again? Do you have another interview arranged Mr. Stark?”

Tony shook his head at your teasing tone, tongue darting out to wet his bottom lip as his eyes gleamed with mirth. “Oh, you are going to be trouble in all the best ways,” You couldn’t help the playful eyeroll that occurred as he appreciatively let his gaze ravish your body, nibbling at his lip as he did, “But yes, two really – I need to see how you do in a more… intense environment, you know people coming up to us and talking about the regular bullshit of the day. I need to know you can keep up appearances so to speak, we’re going to have to do a lot of these if we go ahead. There’s a charity dinner tomorrow evening at the plaza, all the usual crowd will be there, seems like a perfect opportunity.”

You nodded your head in agreement, understanding why he needed to do this, you couldn’t just take any company to these events and you only hopped that you could pull it off – God knows you had no idea what to actual do at such formal events.

“I’m guessing you’re wearing the nicest thing you own right now?” Your back straightened as for the first time since you’d walked in, you felt you were being scrutinised by Tony Stark. “It’s not a judgement sugar – well maybe a little – I only asked so I can have some options brought over to your apartment tomorrow morning, I think I have a pretty good eye if I do say so myself.”

You laughed at him, somehow not doubting his words, Tony was a man of taste and you were certain whatever would be delivered to you would be classy and elegant.

“So, what’s part two of the interview Mr. Stark?” You looked up at him through your lashes, a small smirk on your face, knowing what he was going to say. He was paying for it after all…

Leaning back in his chair, Tony regarded you for a moment before a dark chuckle left his lips, “The second interview is of a more physical nature.”

“Got any outfit requirements for that particular stage of the interview Mr. Stark?” You couldn’t help but tease him, not knowing how exactly he was bringing out this side of you but going with it regardless.

“Oh, I do like you, I definitely made the right choice here,” He murmured, trademark smirk stretching across his lips, and you couldn’t help but let your eyes linger on the sight of them. Noticing your empty glass of wine and throwing a few more bills on the table as a tip, Tony stood, offering you his hand and leading you out of the restaurant, ignoring the hushed whispers as you were seen leaving with him, “Come on, I’ll have my driver take you home.”

Pulling you through the bustling pedestrians on the street, Tony lead you to the sleek black car parked directly outside the restaurant, the man standing outside the vehicle opening the back door for you as you and Tony approached.

“Happy, this is Y/N – Y/N this is Happy, my driver and personal security. If all goes well, you two will be seeing a lot of each other,” Tony introduced you to each other and Happy held out his hand for you to take, a warm smile on his face, he sure seemed to live up to his name.

“Nice to meet you Miss,” He nodded his head in greeting.

“Oh, no please call me Y/N, I insist.”

“Hap, we’re taking Y/N home to Brooklyn,” Tony gestured for you to get into the car as he gave Happy your address before joining you, the door shutting behind him as Happy jogged to the driver’s seat.

The car pulled away, heading into the busy New York traffic and you began to think about what tomorrow would bring. The feeling of Tony’s hand on your bare thigh brought you out of your thoughts, the simple touch sending a jolt of electricity through you that you couldn’t decipher.

Turning your head, your eyes lock with Tony’s who was already watching you. Now that you were much closer to him, you could see the little details of his features that had gone unnoticed before; the lines around his eyes that were a small indicator of his age, the different shades of brown that made up the colour of his eyes, the way his lower lashes seemed so damn prominent, the small sprinkling of silver hair in his perfectly groomed beard.

Once again, you found your gaze lingering on his lips, wanting nothing more than to lean forward and taste them. But you shook the thought from your head, now wasn’t the time.

“I’ll have your dresses brought over in the morning, probably some shoes too – You know what I’ll just get you a whole outfit, you’re going to want to accessorise right?”

“Wait – dresses, as in plural? How many do I need?” You were kind of shocked that he was so willing to buy you so much even though it wasn’t exactly official yet. Hell, he’d just bought you dinner at one of the most expensive restaurants in New York without even batting an eye, it was a concept you really weren’t familiar with, being so unconcerned with money.

Tony merely arched a brow at you, “Well yeah, it’s nice to have options. Just make sure you’re ready by 7:30, I’ll send Happy to come pick you up.”

You felt the car come to a stop and realised you were outside your apartment building, “Yeah ok, ready by 7:30 - I can do that.”

Happy walked over to open your door for you but before you could leave, Tony was pulling a card out of the inside pocket of his jacket, handing it over to you before telling you to ring if there was anything else you needed. Turning the card over in your fingers, you saw the logo of Stark industries imprinted into the black card, the gold letters catching in the low light of the car, a phone number visible under them.

“I will. I guess I’ll be seeing you tomorrow then Mr. Stark.” You had no idea why you did it, but you couldn’t stop yourself, leaning towards him to press a lingering kiss against his cheek.

You heard the deep chuckle that Tony emitted as you left the car, bidding Happy goodbye as he walked you to your building door, making sure everything was ok before going back to the car.

You entered your apartment with a sigh, kicking off your heels at the door before a disbelieving laugh bubbled from your throat. You had just had dinner with Tony Stark. Tony Stark wanted to be your sugar daddy. You were going to one of the high-class events at the Plaza tomorrow with Tony Stark.

How the hell had this happened?

Your whirring thoughts were broken by the ding of your phone, an alert coming through from Babble Babe, you rolled your eyes at the notification on your phone before opening the app.

Spotted: Tony Stark and new girl leaving one of NYC’s hottest restaurants. Where do we place the bets on how long this one lasts? Good luck new girl, dating a Stark is a dangerous game to play xoxo

The photo of you was of your back – Thank God – but you were amazed at how damn fast this trashy gossip site worked. God knows how they would react tomorrow. Pushing the feeling of dread aside, you stripped out of your dress and fell into the welcoming warmth of your bed, your final thoughts of the public appearance you and Tony were going to be making tomorrow.

a/n: i don’t have a tag list but if you want alerts please follow @angelicthorwrites and turn on notifications

[din-zel]

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Several times now DiNZeL has been HONORED by the United States government and HOLLYWOOD for my outstandinng HONORABLE service. DiNZeL's past work experience includes being a volunteer with Boy Scouts of America, Marine Corps Service (HONORABLE) and Veteran: recent President's Service volunteer work (2007 - 2017) as well as other various skilled employment activities with several different past professional agencies.

I am a College of New Jersey, North Brunswick Township High School alumni; Mark Twain I.S. 239 and PS 200 (20K200) Benson School alumni. I wish to share my letter with the people who are there at the school(s); and anyone else interested. Thank you. Sincerely, JONATHAN UPSHUR ("DiNZeL")

PAST WORK EXPERIENCE UNITED STATES PRESIDENT'S SERVICE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNITED STATES COAST GUARD CANON METLIFE INFOBID ELITE PORTRAIT STUDIO

(CONTACT): DiNZeL ©, ™ 2017 All Rights Reserved.

DiNZeL TRAVELS... NEW YORK (NYC), LOS ANGELES, HOLLYWOOD, MIAMI FLORIDA PHILADELPHIA PA... United States of America

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[cannedgenius]

Tony Stark / Iron Man Intro

Tony grew up in a very wealthy home with access to things most people didn’t.  A child prodigy, at a very young age he showed a talent for building things that even many adults didn’t posses.  His unique genius isolated him from his peers.  Though his intellectual growth was far surpassed them, his emotional growth was stunted.  He was expected to behave in ways no one would expect from a child his age.  The only way he learned to manage was to mimic other people.  He created masks and personas in order to fulfill expectations then shrugged them off once he was in private.

In college, he began drinking on a regular basis.  It helped him cope with the world and it made it easier for him to deal with people.  At this time he learned how to become popular and enjoy the spotlight as well as other people’s attentions.

The deaths of his parents caused Tony a great deal of problems.  First, he had to grieve in public.  Second, he had to decide what to do with the company his father built.  His drinking increased as well as his revolving door of women.  Then he became CEO of Stark Industries.  His inevitable downward spiral was halted when he promoted Pepper Potts to the position of his PA.

Since the events of Civil War Tony has become extremely emotionally defensive and withdrawn.  He is drinking and overworking in order to deal with the mental health issues it has triggered.  His high functioning PTSD began after the Battle of New York.  Events that followed added more layers to his disorder.  His ability to mask his true feelings and the learned ability to create personas has allowed him to hide the disorder from all but his few close friends.  Though it’s likely they don’t know the true extent of it.

BASICS.

Given / Birth Name : Anthony Edward Stark Nickname / Preferred Name : Tony Alias(es) : Iron Man Birthdate / Age : May 29, 1970 Place of Birth : Manhattan, New York Current Location : Avengers Tower, New York Gender Identity : cismale Sexual / Romantic Orientation : Heterosexual / Demiromantic Ethnicity / Race / Cultural Heritage: Italian, English, German Marital Status : single Occupation : Avenger, consultant for Stark Industries Religious Beliefs : Agnostic, he’s met a few ‘gods’ but he doesn’t go around believing in them

CHARACTERISTICS.

Height : 5’9” Weight : 175 Body Type / Build : fit Eye Color : Brown Hair Color / Texture : Dark Brown, gets curly if he doesn’t slick it down unless he cuts it short Recognizable Features / Scars : his beard style, lots of scaring on his chest from the shrapnel and several surgeries Speech Patterns / Accent : American, slight New York accent mixed East and West Coast slang Languages Spoken : (fluent) French, Spanish, German, Italian, and Hungarian (passable in several other languages) Powers / Skills / Abilities : Super genius, expert mechanical and electrical engineer Overall Health : good, though due to damage to his heart he requires a pacemaker

RELATIONSHIPS.

Order of Birth : Only child Number of Siblings : none Father’s Status + Relationship : deceased, relationship was filled with neglect and abuse Mother’s Status + Relationship : deceased, relationship was distant though remembered fondly by Tony Sibling Status + Relationship : not applicable Loyalty / Affiliation : Primary loyalty to Pepper, Happy, Rhodey, and Parker / Avengers

PERSONALITY.

MBTI : ENTP Hobbies : chess, reading Bad Habits : drinks alcohol heavily, drinks coffee heavily, overworks, undersleeps Three Positive Traits :  persistent, brave, loyal Three Negative Traits :  arrogant, abrasive, sarcastic Moral Alignment : Neutral good

ASSOCIATIONS.

One Song :  Shoot to Thrill by AC/DC One Quote / Piece of Art :  “This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud.”  Hacker’s Manifesto One Fear : Failure One Strength :  determination One Object :  arc reactor One Place :  His workshop One Food : Cheeseburgers One Scent :  machine oil One Lucky Charm :  he doesn’t believe in luck, if he did the charm would come from Pepper or be Pepper

[near-hanover-pa-1-blog]

Near Hanover PA

Climate

Hanover, Pennsylvania gets an average of 42 inches of rain per year as compared to the US average of 38 inches of rain per year. On the other hand, the city gets 26 inches of snow per year while the US average is 28 inches of snow per year. There are 198 sunny days per year in Hanover while the US average is 205 sunny days. Summer high is recorded in July at around 86 degrees Fahrenheit while winter low is on January with 20 degrees Fahrenheit. Hanover gets some kind of precipitation like rain, snow, sleet or hail with an average of 118 days per year.

KLK Welding Inc

Not only is KLK Welding, Inc a company that specializes in welding and fabrication, it can also train your staff in welding and metal fabrication. They provide welding training, welding classes, and welding certification testing to prepare trainees for AWS (American Welding Society) certification. KLK Welding has a pool of welders who are experts in training employees to excel in their jobs as assemblers, maintenance mechanics, welders with AWS certification, welders helpers, and welding sales and services representatives. Those who have taken the company's training classes are fully equipped to find jobs in the York and Hanover area's top industries and businesses.

Building Supplier Bringing New Plant To York County

The company will purchase and renovation of a 64,300-square-foot warehouse in Penn Township Industrial Park. Wolf said Carter Lumber has committed to investing at least $6 million into the project, which is expected to create 35 new, full-time jobs at the new manufacturing facility and retain 177 existing jobs across the state over the next three years. Carter Lumber operates 14 retail and showroom locations across Pennsylvania. Read more here

Governor Tom Wolf announced that Carter Lumber, an Ohio-based building materials supplier has selected York County to build its first manufacturing operation in Pennsylvania. Wolf said Carter Lumber invested at least $6 million into this project which is supposed to create 35 new, full-time jobs at the new manufacturing facility. Currently, the company already operates 14 retail and showroom locations across Pennsylvania and also plans to purchase over five acres of adjacent property for its future expansion. The company also received a funding proposal from the Department of Community and Economic Development for the project which includes a $70,0000 grant, another $70,000 in job creation tax credits, and a $15,750 workplace development grant.

Hanover Trolley Trail Hanover Trail Head in Hanover, PA

In the early 20th century, the Hanover Fast Line in Pennsylvania was built. It served as a trolley service for people traveling between York and Hanover and other nearby communities. In the late 1930s. the trolley line was shuttered after automobile use soared, and the line was converted into an electric utility corridor. At present, the line offers another way for people to get around as trails for biking and walking. The trail also has covered tables that provides its visitors with a place to rest and enjoy a picnic after a bike ride. Bird enthusiasts can spend the whole day watching a range of species in the surrounding woods and wetlands.

Link to map

Driving Direction

3 min (1.2 miles)

via Moul Ave and Barnhart Dr

Fastest route

Hanover Trolley Trail Hanover Trail Head

Hanover, PA 17331, USA

Head north on Moul Ave toward Grant Dr

0.3 mi

Turn right at the 3rd cross street onto Wilson Ave

0.3 mi

Turn left onto Industrial Dr

0.2 mi

Turn right onto Barnhart Dr

Destination will be on the left

0.4 mi

KLK Welding Inc

15 Barnhart Dr

Hanover, PA 17331

[dmelectric]

Commercial Electrical Contractor For in York, PA - DM Electric

DM Electric, Inc. is a commercial electrical contractor located in York, PA. We have been providing our clients with quality service and installations for over 40 years! Our core values are honesty and integrity which we believe to be the foundation of any successful organization. In order to ensure that DM Electric does not become complacent, we strive to provide excellent customer service as well as new innovative products. If you are looking for an electrician in York, look no further than DM Electric!

[dorseygordon68-blog]

Power Rangers Zeo (Heather Ray).

The other night I sat with my family members around the table reminiscing and also telling old stories. We worked with our golf swing with equipment that measured our power in watts, and also took advantage of the complete line of Kinesis makers (their unique resistance cables allow for better series of activity). Power is depicted here as a shaping pressure, capable of generating its very own authenticity - whether it be possessed by mine proprietors, absentee companies, local elites, or even union bosses. The functional power cleaner provides a performance of a commercial equipment that utilizes 3.0 kilowatts induction motor with its 3 axial-piston brass pumps that helps generates an astonishing 2300 PSI stress power blasting 10 liters per minute water circulation. Microsoft billionaire Expense Gates has actually stated there is a 10% chance kite power can be the magic remedy" for international renewable energy demands. Additionally it has some filler which is unusual since this flick is hardly 80 mins which most likely offers you a respectable concept of how little possible the story has in this flick to be any kind of good. The fundamental structure was integrated in a workshop outside the city and then lifted right into the Colosseum by a giant crane. In http://verde-dieta.info/prolesan-pure-recenzii-pret-cum-functioneaza-recenzii-unde-sa-cumparati/ acquired rival chain LA Health and fitness as well as struck up a collaboration with Olympian Sir Chris Hoy, that is a special adviser as well as brand ambassador" to Pure Health club. Stories of the trip over and how thrilled he was to discover everything on the big ship (a seafarer, making the most of his inquisitiveness, convinced him to lift some papers pushing deck, to see what was below ...). Stories of working as a journeyman footwear technician in cities and communities across upstate New york city as well as Ohio (in one store, the foreman placed my grandfather and his turret in the front window so passers-by would quit to view exactly how quick as well as well he did his job). On the one hand, it consists of passages that John S. Wright could have written, as when it emphatically mentions, Chicago is currently facing the momentous truth that fifty years for this reason, when the children of to-day are at the elevation of their power as well as influence, this city will be bigger than London: that is, bigger than any existing city." On the various other hand, it declines the concept that the city's success can or should be assessed in terms of numbers alone, or that the future would certainly care for itself. Starting with our original list of about 51 health clubs (assembled from our round-up of the very best gyms of 2013, publicly available statistics, as well as other expert lists), we asked you to elect your favorites - likewise enabling write-in ballots to make up any type of health clubs that weren't pointed out on the initial listing. As soon as and also they don't have to all be on the same team either, you do not have to strike a fitness center alone; multiple individuals can attack a fitness center at. EPA established that the combination of utilizing of smokestack controls as well as contamination credit histories from shifting generation amongst plants makes up a well-demonstrated system of discharge reduction, one that is commonly utilized by the power industry both to meet inner targets and also prior government and also state guidelines. Freely based upon real occasions, Funny of Power had its North American launching at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. The platform lift can be found in a huge range of different models, each one with various attributes that make it far better fit for a details sort of job. Les plates-formes Power Plate ® constituent une parfaite alternate put les personnes actives qui n'ont pas beaucoup de temps à consacrer à un entraînement trois fois the same level semaine, voire plus. Control is a crucial element of the lift system and because of this they commonly provide power assisted drive. Some health clubs only enable teens to workout in the assigned youth facility area, while other gyms permit teens the exact same freedom to make use of the equipment as the adults. The originator of this franchise business identified that there was a huge market for a gym such as Curves and undoubtedly has taken advantage of a found diamond. You might be missing out if you are guilty of wrapping up your health club session as well as avoiding out on a cool down or stretch. Keltner's research suggests that women are not immune from this mystery, which claims that the very qualities that help us look for power-like beauty, compassion, or humbleness -are the ones that having power could harm. The power in an organization lies with supervisors and managers who have actually been enabled within the business framework, to make sure that the company could operate effectively. However nonverbally presenting power during the interaction - now that's an additional thing with different prescriptions and also end results. By the end of March, president Peter Roberts believes Pure Gym will have surpassed the 103 total of UK gyms run by Virgin Energetic, the present primary driver. This stair lift has a lifting ability of 300 lb or 136 kg. A flip-up swivel seat that secures placement and also constant stress buttons are various other functions of this straight stair lift. While a lot of exclusive health clubs serve teenagers and grownups, a couple of select health clubs just enable teens. Picked this for ideas to supplement my barbell-based routine, for when I can not get to the health club, and to help my wife with suggestions to do in your home & health club. His afternoon training sessions at the gym have actually permitted more youthful fighters to work along with a master, as well as interested onlookers to see. Teaching your staff members all facets of power device training as well as security could minimize the opportunities of injury and also maintain your workforce effective as well as risk-free. The fitness center consists of weights, cardiovascular tools, security balls, machines and also resistance bands. Mirrors on all walls do not simply mimic the look of many health clubs - they actually make the room look bigger. A new wave of thinking of power exposes that it is offered to us by others as opposed to got. There are few better exercises for targeting full-body power compared to the medicine-ball bang. Most of the gyms need their participants to abide by the laws to be able to go into and utilize the facilities. No, in spite of prominent notions and the common urban legends, Pfeffer competes that the path to power is substantially various than the prominent concepts we were raised to believe. If you see that you are obtaining squeezed in order to spend for your fitness center Sydney subscription then you are bound to pull out after a few days. It is just a partial settlement to know that the paradox also implies that political hopefuls such as Donald Trump - angry, manipulative harasses - are less likely to acquire power to start with. If you are presently not making use of any kind of sort of eco-friendly power and intend to conserve electricity, you could still decrease your costs by disconnecting unutilized home appliances. Greetings Diona", he claimed pleasantly, as he came level with her, making her once more so aware of his figure as he looked down upon her. After years of lack of exercise, Ashley returned as the Yellow Space Ranger to help the Galaxy Rangers battle the Psycho Rangers. Individuals who pledged to stroll were 3 times more likely to show up vs. those just saying they would stroll. From scenting too excellent to filling out a large dimension water bottle when there is a line of people behind you, read on to see if you're guilty of any one of these 16 health club pet dog peeves. The Gym stated the variety of inexpensive health clubs across the country had enhanced to 319 this year from 58 in 2011. That said, the plot brings me to my 2nd problem - one which maintains Absolute Power from being a 5-star book. The health club also contains 450 items of cardio workout tools as well as dumbbells and makers. Yes, you heard me. We're paying triple numbers a month and also struggling atop lunar looking equipment in order to replicate easy youth searches like jumping rope, hula hooping and also playing tag. After the Power Rangers involve her rescue, she goes back to being the principal of Reefside High and is disclosed to have actually been a close personal good friend of Anton Mercer. Raise takes us on an enlightening scenic tour through time, starting with the ancient Greeks, who made a cult of the body-- words gym derives from the Greek word for naked"-- as well as following Roman legions, middle ages knights, Persian pahlevans, as well as eighteenth-century German gymnasts.

[reseau-actu]

En août 2018, Total annonce qu’il se retire d’Iran pour ne pas être exposé à des sanctions américaines. Cette décision s’explique en partie par le fait que le groupe pétrolier d’origine française dépend des banques américaines dans la grande majorité de ses opérations de financement. Cette décision souligne la faiblesse de la France dans sa gestion des rapports de force géoéconomiques avec son « meilleur allié ». Depuis quelques années, les ingérences des États-Unis d’Amérique dans la vie économique française se multiplient au point de générer un véritable malaise dans les milieux ­d’affai­res français. La fusion d’Alcatel avec son concurrent américain Lucent, l’amende de 8,97 milliards de dollars versée par BNP Paribas aux autorités américaines, les conditions du rachat d’Alstom par General Electric, les effets rétroactifs de l’extraterritorialité du droit américain sont de plus en plus considérés comme les indicateurs d’une certaine forme d’agressivité économique.

Le 10 juillet 1995, le magazine l’Expansion brisait la loi du silence sur ce que l’on peut qualifier aujourd’hui de prédation économique sous le titre provocateur : « Comment la CIA déstabilise les entreprises françaises ». À l’époque, les services de sécurité français avaient identifié une manœuvre offensive contre le groupe Alcatel, alors très actif sur le marché stratégique des télécommunications. Les auteurs de l’enquête(1) relevaient à ce propos : « Et voilà ­comment plusieurs officines ont pris d’assaut Alcatel et décortiqué l’emploi du temps et les méthodes de travail de Pierre Suard et de son entourage. Mais l’exploitation de leurs investigations demeure un mystère… » Les années suivantes, le groupe désormais piloté par Serge Tchuruk subit l’une des premières grandes campagnes de dénigrement sur Internet. Auparavant, une campagne avait déjà affecté l’image d’un groupe français dans le dossier de la construction d’un oléoduc entre la Thaïlande et la Birmanie. Total subit une longue campagne de dénigrement par des internautes activistes. La firme dut déployer beaucoup d’efforts pour rectifier son image, en particulier en Norvège.

Quelques années plus tard, Alcatel se heurta à la même technique de déstabilisation lors de sa tentative d’absorption du groupe américain DSC Communications. La conjugaison de ces attaques informationnelles avec les rumeurs répandues dans les milieux boursiers sur la pertinence de la commu­nication financière du groupe aboutit, le 17 septembre 1998, à la chute historique de l’action Alcatel, qui perdit en une journée 37,8 % de sa valeur. En toile de fond du problème, le groupe était engagé dans une compétition de plus en plus dure avec Lucent. Des milieux financiers proches de ce concurrent américain furent soupçonnés d’être à l’origine de cette orchestration malveillante.

Une guerre économique larvée entre la France et les États-Unis

Les relations entre les États-Unis et la France n’ont jamais été simples. Vincent Jauvert(2) puis Éric Branca(3) en font la démonstration dans leurs ouvrages ­respectifs. Dès le début de la Ve République, son créateur se heurta à la puissance américaine sur plusieurs dossiers économiques majeurs. Soucieux de réduire le prix de notre dépendance, le général de Gaulle fit en sorte que la France ne soit plus soumise au bon vouloir des compagnies pétrolières anglo-saxonnes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, qui déplaisait fortement au consortium pétrolier anglo-saxon, il confia la direction d’Elf Aquitaine à un ancien des services spéciaux de la France libre, Pierre Guillaumat. Le général de Gaulle se battit sur plusieurs fronts :

en cherchant à freiner la pénétration du marché français par les firmes multinationales américaines, par l’instauration de quotas ­d’importation ; en voulant bâtir une industrie informatique souveraine qui ne soit pas dépendante des infrastructures d’outre-Atlantique ; en contestant la prédominance d’une monnaie américaine surévaluée à cause de l’endettement croissant des États-Unis.

LE MONTANT DES SANCTIONS AMÉRICAINES

Le général de Gaulle fut le premier homme politique français à dénoncer officieusement une certaine forme de prédation économique des États-Unis sur la France, comme l’a relevé Alain Peyrefitte(4) : « Nous avons procédé à la première décolonisation jusqu’à l’an dernier. Nous allons passer maintenant à la seconde. Après avoir donné l’indépendance à nos colonies, nous allons prendre la nôtre. L’Europe occidentale est devenue, sans même s’en apercevoir, un protectorat des Américains. Il s’agit maintenant de nous débarrasser de leur domination. Mais la difficulté, dans ce cas, c’est que les colonisés ne cherchent pas vraiment à s’émanciper. Depuis la fin de la guerre, les Américains nous ont assujettis sans douleur et sans guère de résistance. »

Les traquenards américains de l’après-guerre froide

Le discours « pacificateur » tenu par les promoteurs anglo-saxons du village planétaire, qui fit suite à l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique, n’a pas mis fin pour autant aux menées offensives américaines contre des intérêts français. Les deux mandats du président démocrate Bill Clinton ouvrent au contraire la voie à une vision beaucoup plus agressive des États-Unis sur le terrain géoéconomique.

Les Américains vont attaquer sur plusieurs fronts, en luttant contre l’expansionnisme commercial japonais dans le monde occidental, en dénonçant les pratiques anticoncurrentielles dans les économies émergentes et en se lançant à la conquête du monde immatériel par les technologies de l’information. Si la France est plutôt leur alliée face au Japon, elle se retrouve dans une tout autre posture sur les deux autres fronts.

L’affaire Gemplus a été la démonstration d’un cas réel d’offensive économique réussie à nos dépens. Leader mondial de la carte à puce, cette entreprise est passée dans les années 2000 aux mains du fonds américain TPG(5). À l’époque, une telle opération fut ressentie comme une défaite cinglante. Les fondateurs de Gemplus étaient les inventeurs d’une technologie d’impor­tance de pointe dans plusieurs secteurs clés de l’industrie : le paiement électronique (la carte bancaire), les télécommunications (les cartes Sim) et l’industrie de la sécurité (cryptologie).

Ces trois domaines sont aujourd’hui au cœur du fonctionnement de l‘économie mondiale. Les États-Unis d’Amérique ne pouvaient pas négliger une telle avancée. Gaëlle Macke, du journal le Monde(6), le rappela habilement en renversant la problématique : « Tous, sans voir la main de la CIA et de la NSA derrière TPG, estiment dommage qu’une technologie française stratégique puisse être « délocalisée » mais disent ne pouvoir intervenir dans le cadre d’une société privée. »

Au cours des années 1990, un autre mode de pression fut activé indirectement par les États-Unis, à travers la convention OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption. Fait excessivement rare, un responsable du contre-espionnage français, Jean-Jacques Martini(7), fit une déclaration publique à la télévision selon laquelle la France n’avait pas su anticiper cette forme de déstabilisation de nos intérêts commerciaux, dans la mesure où le pays initiateur avait mis en place en amont des stratégies de contournement dont rendit compte le rapport Carayon(8). Ce recours à l’arme juridique allait ouvrir les portes à bien d’autres moyens de pression.

LE MONTANT DES SANCTIONS AMÉRICAINES

Les techniques américaines d’encerclement juridique

La détection de la prédation économique américaine a été d’autant plus compliquée qu’elle se déroulait sur des échiquiers « invisibles ». La mainmise progressive des grands cabinets américains sur le droit des affaires s’est étalée sur plusieurs décennies. L’Europe et la France en particulier ont accepté sans combattre une mainmise cognitive anglo-saxonne sur le contrôle de l’activité de nos entreprises.

Présentée comme un processus vertueux, la compliance a ouvert des fenêtres de vulnérabilité dans notre système de défense économique. Le recours à des cabinets juridiques anglo-saxons dans des missions d’audit sur les pratiques de corruption a conduit des groupes comme Airbus à donner un accès extérieur à un volume important de données commerciales.

Un rapport(9) réalisé entre 2017 et 2018 au sein de la communauté de l’École de guerre économique résumait ainsi la problématique : « Si l’on veut éviter de subir les actions en justice fondées sur l’extraterritorialité du droit américain, pourquoi choisir pour sa défense des cabinets d’avocats américains ? »(10)

Le c��té intrusif de l’extraterritorialité du droit américain soulève d’autres questions. Pour intimider les directions générales des entreprises étrangères sur lesquelles elle enquête, la justice américaine est prête à recourir à des techniques durcies de pression psychologique, comme en témoigne le traitement judiciaire subi par le responsable mondial de la division chaudières d’Alstom. Accusé d’avoir été mêlé à un versement de pots-de-vin dans le cadre d’un contrat de 118 millions de dollars en Indonésie, Frédéric Pierucci fut interpellé à l’aéroport John-F.-Kennedy de New York en avril 2013. Un juge américain le fit enfermer pendant quatorze mois dans une prison de haute sécurité, peuplée exclusivement de criminels endurcis purgeant de lourdes peines. Le niveau de dangerosité de l’individu n’expliquait en aucun cas la sévérité de ce type de détention.

La volonté de contrôler le monde immatériel

À la fin du siècle dernier, les États-Unis ont ­compris que l’exercice de la puissance dépendait aussi de la capacité à créer des dépendances durables dans le domaine des technologies de l’information. Dans ce domaine, ils n’hésitent pas à manier la stratégie de la carotte et du bâton.

C’est ce qu’a vécu au cours de ces dernières années une start-up française qui cherchait à commercialiser une innovation technologique dans le domaine de la réanimation hospitalière. Identifiée grâce aux publications scientifiques de ses chercheurs, elle fut très vite contactée par des représentants de l’armée des États-Unis et par ceux d’un grand groupe du même pays. Ses dirigeants déclinèrent les offres qui lui étaient faites.

Quelques mois plus tard, certains de ses appareils furent dérobés dans des hôpitaux de l’Hexagone où était testé le procédé. Deux ans plus tard, le micro-ordinateur de l’un des médecins mathématiciens fut aussi volé. Il fut impossible d’établir un lien entre l’opération de séduction initiale et les actes de prédation qui ont suivi et qui sont relégués dans la rubrique des faits divers.

La stratégie de dépendance passe aussi par l’acquisition de l’innovation américaine. L’acquisition du système Palantir par la Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure constitue, de l’avis même des intéressés, un formidable outil de traçabilité et de recoupement du renseignement. S’il ne pose pas trop de problèmes dans son application antiterroriste, il est délicat de l’utiliser dans les domaines du contre-espionnage et de la protection du patrimoine. Il serait incohérent que les États-Unis lisent à livre ouvert dans ces deux domaines où doit prévaloir le principe de souveraineté.

L’accès aux données est une préoccupation constante des États-Unis. Sous prétexte de traquer le terrorisme ou les organisations criminelles, Washington réclame un accès de plus en plus systématique aux données françaises. Et de faire comprendre en parallèle aux administrations concernées qu’un refus se traduirait par une coopération plus restreinte, par exemple sur l’échange des données antiterroristes.

LA PRÉDOMINANCE DU DOLLAR AMÉRICAIN

Les demandes américaines s’étendent de plus en plus au champ économique. La sécuri­sation des moyens de paiement bancaires fait partie de ce que certains dans la haute administration n’hésitent plus à assimiler à un chantage « amical » inacceptable. Les détenteurs d’un compte dans une banque française ne sont pas prêts pour ce genre de transfert systématique de leurs données personnelles.

Dernièrement, le Comité pour l’investissement étranger aux États-Unis (CFIUS) tentait de convaincre Bercy de sceller une coopération pour empêcher la vente d’entreprises françaises à des intérêts étrangers susceptibles de menacer la sécurité nationale des États-Unis. Un signal de plus sur un appétit informationnel d’outre-Atlantique qui ne doit pas nous laisser indifférents.

La pression que subit la France n’est pas un cas isolé. Les États-Unis doivent contrer prioritairement ce qu’ils considèrent comme une volonté expansionniste de l’économie chinoise. Les mesures protectionnistes prises par Washington à l’égard de Pékin s’imbriquent dans un nouveau jeu de dominos.

Tout en concentrant leurs efforts sur la Chine, les États-Unis tentent dans le même temps d’affaiblir ceux qui chercheraient à tirer profit d’un affaiblissement de la prédominance américaine sur le monde. Il est difficile de ne pas établir un lien entre la politique de puissance revendiquée par Donald Trump et les objectifs cachés de la relance des sanctions contre l’Iran ainsi que dans le maintien des mesures de rétorsion commerciale prises contre la Russie.

L’Union européenne n’est pas épargnée puisqu’elle doit faire face à une sorte de chantage américain sur les tarifs douaniers. Les États-Unis ne peuvent se permettre d’avoir une puissance occidentale qui joue dans leur dos — notamment contre les Gafa, qui sont la force privée à la manœuvre pour assurer aux États-Unis une domination durable dans le monde immatériel. L’avenir de l’empire américain se joue sur ces différents échiquiers. Le recours à la guerre économique fait désormais partie de l’expression officielle de leur politique de puissance. 

Par Christian Harbulot Source: Valeurs actuelles

[pittarchives]

Pittsburgh Magazine 50 Greatest Pittsburghers of All Time

In celebration of its 50th anniversary, Pittsburgh Magazine recently issued a review of the “50 Greatest Pittsburghers of All Time” (January 2019). The magazine’s editorial team sought to rank those who “best embodied the idea of a ‘greatest’ Pittsburgher…those who contributed to Pittsburgh’s story – while becoming great in their own right.” 

Not only does the list highlight 50 great individual Pittsburghers, it also highlights more than 200 years of Pittsburgh history. Even more interesting? Many of these stories are documented in our stacks, either in the papers of a “Greatest Pittsburgher” or within a related collection. 

We thought it would be fun to highlight some of those collections in the hopes that today’s Pittsburghers continue to explore our rich documentary history. The following list is presented in the order of Pittsburgh Magazine’s ranking:

• Fred Rogers [Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood Collection]

American television personality Fred Rogers moved to Pittsburgh in the 1950s to work as a puppeteer for the public television station (WQED) children’s show The Children’s Corner. He studied theology at the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and in 1963 was ordained a minister of the United Presbyterian Church. Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood began in Toronto, moved to WQED in Pittsburgh in 1966, and onto PBS in 1970. The popular program ran for 895 episodes, from 1968-2001. The bulk of this collection relates to the production and promotion of the program from 1970 to 1990 and includes publicity photographs, press kits, scripts, and episode summaries and records.

• Jonas Salk [Jonas Salk Polio Collection (UA.90.F89)]

Jonas Salk accepted a research appointment at the University of Pittsburgh medical school in 1947 and began work on what would become his breakthrough polio vaccine the following year. Human trials began in 1954 and the vaccine was declared viable for mass production in April 1955. The Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine Collection consists of materials relating to the history of polio and the polio vaccine research and trials. Digital reproductions of some photographs are available online. 

• Mary E. Schenley [Mary Schenley Land Deed (AIS.2015.07)]

Upon her father’s death (William Croghan Jr.) in 1850, Mary Schenley inherited a substantial amount of valuable Pittsburgh land originally belonging to her mother’s father, James O’Hara, making Schenley the largest property owner in Allegheny County. This document is an indenture, or real estate deed, between Edward and Mary Schenley and the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The land described in this indenture became an important part of the construction of Pittsburgh’s passenger train station, Penn Station, built by the Pennsylvania Railroad between 1898-1903

• H.J. Heinz [United Food and Commercial Workers International Union Local 325, Pittsburgh, Pa. Records (AIS.1997.15)]

Formerly known as Canning and Pickle Workers Union Local 325, United Foods and Commercial Workers International Union Local 325 was founded in 1937 to represent employees of the H.J. Heinz Company, chiefly employed at the North Side plant in Pittsburgh. The records include contract books from 1941-1994, union constitutions and by-laws, a job description book, union newsletters, photographs, and oral histories. Also included are various publications of the H.J. Heinz Company written for their employees.

• Dr. Thomas Starzl [Thomas E. Starzl Papers (UA.90.F68)]

Dr. Thomas Starzl joined the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1981, where he continued to pioneer groundbreaking procedures for organ transplantation and advances in immunology he had begun earlier in his career. Learn more about his prolific medical career by visiting the Dr. Thomas E. Starzl Website, created in conjunction with our Thomas E. Starzl Papers. 

• George Westinghouse [Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company Contracts Collection (AIS.1963.24)]

Industrialist and inventor of the compressed air brake, George Westinghouse incorporated the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in 1891. With its giant factory located in East Pittsburgh, Pa., the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company soon became the Edison General Electric Company's main rival in the contest to provide electricity to the United States. Records include blueprints, photographs, carbon copies of telegrams, signed forms, memorandums, and correspondence.

• Andrew Mellon [A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust Records (AIS.1980.29)]

Founded by Andrew W. Mellon in 1930, the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust made over $200,000,000 in contributions during its 50-year life, including funding for the National Gallery of Art,

Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, Pitt’s Graduate School of Public Health, and the Metropolitan Pittsburgh Educational Television Station, forerunner of WQED.  The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust records document the internal business operations of the Trust and its relation with the organizations, institutions, and programs that it funded.

• Henry Clay Frick [Henry Clay Frick Business Records (AIS.2002.06)]

Industrialist Henry Clay Frick made his millions in the coke, coal, and steel industries of late 19th century western Pennsylvania, ascending to Chairman of the Carnegie Steel Company (the precursor to the United States Steel Corporation) before falling out with Andrew Carnegie and eventually shifting his business and social interests to New York City. Later in life, Frick supported the arts and education philanthropically in both New York and Pittsburgh. The Henry Clay Frick Business Records contain material reflecting the business and financial activities of Frick (1849-1919) with particular relevance to Pittsburgh and the western Pennsylvania region. The bulk of the collection dates from 1881 to 1914, when Frick was most active in the coal and steel industry in Pittsburgh. Digital reproductions of this collection are available online.

• David L. Lawrence [David Leo Lawrence Papers (AIS.1978.15)]

David L. Lawrence – Pitt educated and a former University Trustee – served as Mayor of Pittsburgh for 14 years before serving one term as Governor of Pennsylvania. He stepped down in 1963 to become a special assistant to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson and remained in that capacity until his death in 1966. These papers contain biographical materials, personal correspondence, materials from his trip to Japan in 1962, and materials regarding local and state Democratic Party political activities between 1960-1966.

• Hugh Henry Brackenridge [Hugh Henry Brackenridge and Andrew Watson Papers (DAR.1937.04)]

Scottish immigrant Hugh Henry Brackenridge served in George Washington's army during the Revolutionary War as a chaplain, and is wholly or partly credited with the establishment of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh’s first bookstore and newspaper, and the Pittsburgh Academy (University of Pittsburgh). He served in the Pennsylvania State Assembly and later on the State Supreme Court. The majority of the collection consists of the business papers and correspondence of Hugh Henry Brackenridge and Andrew Watson regarding various properties in Pittsburgh. Digital reproductions of this collection are available online.

• Stephen Foster [Center for American Music Foster Hall Collection]

Stephen Foster grew up in Allegheny City (now Pittsburgh's North Side), where he heard contrasting musical styles in Scots-Irish, German, Italian and American neighborhoods and in public halls. From 1851 until his death, he wrote songs professionally, becoming the first person in the United States to earn his living solely through the sale of compositions to the public including "Lou'siana Belle”, "Susanna" (Oh! Susanna), and "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair". The Foster Hall Collection provides a valuable record of Stephen Foster's composition process, nineteenth century life in the United States, the music business, Pittsburgh history, and Foster's legacy. Digital reproductions of portions of the collection are available online. 

• Father Charles Owen Rice [Charles Owen Rice Papers (AIS.1976.11)]

Msgr. Charles Owen Rice was ordained into the priesthood in 1934 following studies at Duquesne University and St. Vincent Seminary, both in Pittsburgh. After ordination in 1934, he became involved with labor unions, aiding in founding the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists. Rice also founded St. Joseph's House of Hospitality, a long running weekly radio program, and the Catholic Radical Alliance. The collection includes correspondence, subject files, transcripts of radio broadcasts, manuscripts, case files, family papers, audiotapes, photographs and a film.

• Dan Marino [Documenting Pitt]

Hometown hero Dan Marino was born in Pittsburgh’s South Oakland neighborhood, mere blocks from the University where he would star as a student-athlete from 1979 until 1982. As quarterback of the Pitt Panthers football team Marino led the team to a No. 1 ranking and 1982 Sugar Bowl victory over Georgia. Check out Documenting Pitt for digitized versions of Pitt Football publications, the Pitt News student newspaper, and yearbooks documenting the Marino years. 

• Gene Kelly [Gene Kelly Alumni Files (UA.6.3.2)]

Eugene Curran Kelly was born in Pittsburgh, and following a brief stint at Penn State University, returned home and received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics from Pitt in 1933. Kelly found success as a multi-talented individual excelling at acting, singing, dancing, choreographing, producing, as well as motion picture directing. This collection contains collected materials including correspondence, news clippings, a scrapbook, and a photo album.

• Myron Cope [Pitt News (Documenting Pitt)]

Myron Kopelman, beloved Pittsburgh Steelers radio personality, was a Pitt Alum who cut his teeth as a sports writer for the Pitt News between 1947 and 1950. The University Archives maintains a complete collection of The Pitt Weekly and Pitt News, which were recently digitized and made available via Documenting Pitt. 

John Forbes [Darlington Digital Library]

General John Forbes, a Scottish-born British general who served in America during the French and Indian war, was responsible for capturing Fort Duquesne and renaming it Fort Pitt. Our Darlington Digital Library, created from the first major collection of books, manuscripts, atlases, and maps donated to the University of Pittsburgh by William M. Darlington, documents early colonial American history in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley.

• Elsie Hillman [Elsie H. Hillman Papers (AIS.2013.02)]

Elsie Hilliard Hillman was widely recognized for her political leadership in the Republican Party at the local, state, and national levels, playing a vital role in the elections of politicians such as Governors Dick Thornburgh and Tom Ridge, Senator H. John Heinz III, State Treasurer Barbara Hafer and President George H.W. Bush. Her dedication to her hometown of Pittsburgh resonated through both her civic and philanthropic leadership. The collection contains a variety of materials including correspondence, meeting minutes, memoranda, reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, and audio-video materials. The Elsie H. Hillman Website also provides an overview of her life and accomplishments with some digital reproductions of selected items.

- Alex Toner

[treuvulieou]

SHANAE BROCK 300 NORTH GAY 717 - 7125 - PALINDROME NUMBER ANAGRAMIC FORM SECURED

JANAE MADOXX ENOCH PRATT FREE LOCATION SCHEDULED -

HEBREW - MORE IMPORTAN ELIZABETH - GOD IN HEBREW MEANING - BITCH SHOULD NEVER TRIED TO PUT THE FEMALE SELF IN GOD MARRIAGE ARRANGMENT - NOT JUST THE KING OF GREECE - GREENMOUNT OR GREENWAY - TAO MEANT THE WAY - CONWAY NOT BROAD WAY OR A BROAD WAY - WHAT I WAS INTIMATE OR ACTIVE WITH AN APRIL JONHSON NOT SOME CO WORKER THE FUCK STUPID BTICHES LIKE THESE .

BLACK - LAB - C3 K11 - WHAT EVERY BLACK MAN DESERVES A BLACK MOTIVATED WOMAN - WYMAN OR WOMEN AND WOMAN

MAN HOMME THAT FRENCH -

SHANAE BROCK - AGE BROKERING - NOT BROCK - GOLD BADGE FUCK YOUR LIFE LIKE STIFEL LIFE STREET - GOD G O D - GREENMOUNT OR GROW - BITCH UP UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA GOD ON ONE PENNY - DOLLAR OR DOLOR - PAIN FRENCH TO ENGLISH BREAD

IN GOD WE TRUST - IN GOD OUR TRUST -

I AM NOT THIS FEMALE DOG'S EDUCATOR - TITLED B.I.TC.H

BALTIMORE LABITMORE - ROME ITALY

NAME OR SHEN - ON PHONE CALL - IN LIFE AND TEXT COMMUNICATIONS I WILL DECEASE A STUPID EMPLOYEE FEMALE LIFE LIKE YOURS - INCORRECT TERRY LEE HAWKINS I AM NOT MY DAD OR BIOLOGICAL FATHER - YORK COUNTY PA WHITE ROSE CITY -

NOTED S/O HAWKINS - T.HAWKINS NAME TAG -

GREEN OR QUEEN AND SPELLING -

BRICK WALL - BROCK - LETTER IN PUBLIC MESSAGE WHO WANT THE M134 TACTICAL RESPONSE

M134 Minigun

The M134 Minigun is an American 7.62×51mm NATO six-barrel rotary machine gun with a high rate of fire. It features a Gatling-style rotating barrel assembly with an external power source, normally an electric motor. Wikipedia

Designer: General Electric

Caliber: 7.62 mm (0.308 in)

Barrels: 6

Action: Electrically driven rotary breech

Manufacturer: General Electric; Dillon Aero; Garwood Industries; Profense

Bullet size: 7.62×51mm NATO

Mass: 85 lb (39 kg), 41 lb (19 kg) lightweight mod

Pythagorean numerological computation consists of adding the values of each of its letters in a table (sometimes called pythagorean alphabet). Each of the 26 letters of the alphabet is associated with a number between 1 and 9 (in ascending order) A=1, B=2, …, I=9, J=1, K=2, …, R=9, S=1, … Z=8.   SECURITY - S/O        Blaze Pascal team Shinobi  or team All PRO Tao THE WAY True Religion Circle Terry Lee Hawkins Jr. Blaze signed with magick Cast/jokingly / 2Cast bred to Cast signed True /  signed Cast - MAGICK/AMEN (5AM5) Terry Lee Hawkins Jr. penname Blaze Pascal signed boop BOOPER (BOOP) OR PERO  BE IT SIGNED CAL313 TEAR’S OR BE IT SIGNED TRU TRUE OR TREU - Pero/s Dragonus or RavenDove True Religion Circle   CREATOR OF TRUE RELIGION CIRCLE AND WITH True Religion ON EARTH signed Terry (True) Boop (BOOPER) OR PERO MAYBE LOKI -( JE SUIS ) I AM THE MISCHIEVOUS ONE I’M NOT bad im just a mischievous that’s all Tao THE WAY True Religion Circle  SECURED

FACEBOOK SECURED PHOTO - LINK Terry Lee Hawkins Jr. (Boop Or Booper )

[constructioandchemicalblog]

Polyphenylene Ether Market Segmentation, Review, Trends, Opportunities, Growth,demand and Forecast 2030

Polyphenylene ether industry is expected to get evaluated colossally at a modest CAGR during the review period of 2017-2030.

The Global Polyphenylene ether industry has been segmented by type, application, and region.

On the basis of type, the market has been segmented into PPE/PA (polyamide), PPE/PP (polypropylene), PPE/PS (polystyrene), and others. The PPE/PA (polyamide) segment accounted for the largest share of the global polyphenylene ether industry in 2017 and is expected to grow at a considerable CAGR during the review period. This market growth can be attributed to the increasing use of PPE/PA (polyamide) in automotive industry as it helps to reduce the weight of the vehicles up to 25% and provides resistance to organic and chemical solvents. PPE/PP (polypropylene) is the fastest-growing segment of the global Polyphenylene ether industry. The increasing use of PPE/PP in electrical and electronics and automotive industry due to superior properties such as hydraulic stability, good dimensional stability, and excellent dielectric strength is driving the market growth.

Based on application, the market has been divided into aerospace, automotive, healthcare, electrical and electronics, and others. The automotive segment accounted for the largest market share in 2017 and is expected to register a significant growth rate during the review period. This growth is largely influenced by the increasing use of PPE in heater and air conditioner control system components, seat backs, body panels, grilles, exterior mirror housings, and under the hood components among others.  

Regional Analysis

Based on region, the global Polyphenylene ether industry has been segregated into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

The market in Asia-Pacific was the largest in 2017 due to the presence of a large number of end-use industries in developing nations including India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Australia among others. The expanding healthcare industry with rising health awareness coupled with increasing per capita income is anticipated to propel the growth of the polyphenylene ether industry.

North America is a prominent market for Polyphenylene Ether owing to its increasing use in the automotive and aerospace industries. The European market for polyphenylene ether is expected to grow as a result of rising demand in major end-use industries such as healthcare and automotive. The markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are expected to exhibit considerable growth during the review period due to the expanding end-use industries in the region.

Competitive Analysis

Some of the key players in the global polyphenylene ether are Entec Polymers (US), Asahi Kasei Corporation (Japan), SABIC (Saudi Arabia), BASF SE (Germany), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (Japan), Oxford Polymers (US), LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V. (the Netherlands), Polyplastics Co. Ltd (Japan), and Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan).

Read More: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/polyphenylene-ether-ppe-market-6916

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