#ICT for social change

[jantanow]

समावेशी विकास को बढ़ावा देने के लिए उड़ान ने की पहल, ग्लोबल एडवाइजरी बॉडी के गठन की घोषणा की।

बागपत। उड़ान यूथ क्लब ने अपने कार्यक्रमों एवं नीतियों को समावेशी और प्रभावी बनाने के उद्देश्य से ग्लोबल एडवाइजरी बॉडी की शुरुआत की है जिसके लिए ऑनलाइन आवेदन आमंत्रित किए गए है। इच्छुक उम्मीदवार उड़ान यूथ क्लब की आधिकारिक वेबसाइट पर पांच सितंबर तक आवेदन कर सकते है। ग्लोबल एडवाइजरी बॉडी में उन आवेदकों को प्राथमिकता मिलेगी जो स्वैच्छिक योगदान के लिए प्रतिबद्ध है और पूर्व में किसी युवा नेतृत्व वाले…

[gacha-incels]

editorial from the english version of the Hankyoreh

archive link

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Before focusing on my master’s thesis, I worked for a brief period for an organization supporting victims of cyber sex crimes. My job was to put each and every case of illegally filmed footage assigned to me through a search engine and if I found that the images had been uploaded to certain sites, I would beg the operator of that site to take those images down. 

The process of searching and subsequently scrubbing illegally filmed footage probably isn’t what most people would expect. There is no advanced AI that categorizes footage based on the faces of victims, lists the sites the footage is uploaded to, and sends automated requests for the deletion of such posts. Instead, employees and volunteers divide each reported video frame by frame, put each fragmented frame through search engines, organize each site the footage is posted to on a spreadsheet, collate the sites for verification, find the site operator’s email or contact channel, and write a message that read, “This video is illegally filmed footage so we ask that you remove it from your site. If it is not removed, the South Korean government may take action against the site pursuant to relevant laws,” translate it from Korean into English and then send it to the operator.

This happened daily. Sometimes, you would have to go through 100 or 200 cases a day. I’ve assigned a nickname to this procedure: “The Illegally Filmed Footage Removal Protocol that Seems Absurdly Advanced, But Basically Follows the Same Grueling Procedures as a Sweatshop.”

The biggest challenge when fighting digital sex crimes is their overwhelming breadth and scale. It was impossible for us, as we sat in front of our computer screens, to estimate which far-out depths of the internet any of the footage had reached. 

Even if we painstakingly found 20 posts using a particular photo and saw that every post was erased, the next day we would see the photo spring up in 40 different posts. Websites distributing illegally filmed footage make various backup sites with different domains to make sure that sites are up and running even if the main site is taken down. 

Many of the sites in question have servers based abroad, so even if you sent a beseeching email citing South Korean laws, they simply could just pretend that they never saw the email.

The terror of that vast scope goes beyond distribution and duplication. While deepfake pornography has been in the news recently, photoshopping a real person’s face onto a pornographic image has been a crime for some time now.

The difference is that producing such images used to be time-consuming and technically challenging, requiring the “manual” manipulation of images. But the new tool of AI has made it easy for anyone to instantaneously create deepfakes in a dizzying variety of formats.

Another frightening aspect is that anyone with access to photographs on social media can choose victims at random. And since the images are “fakes” created by AI, the perpetrator can deliberately duck the guilt of harming a real person.

Deepfake creation has spread so rapidly because it gives perpetrators a perverse sense of power over their victims — the ability to create dozens of humiliating images of someone from photographs scraped off Instagram — while also enabling them to ignore victims’ suffering because the images aren’t technically “real.” In short, deepfakes represent a game-changing acceleration of the production cycle of sexually exploitative media.

Those images spread far too fast for the handful of employees at nonprofits to keep up with. Facing such a vast challenge, permanent employees began to drift away, and their positions were once again filled by people on short-term contracts.

Lee Jun-seok, a lawmaker with the Reform Party, said during a meeting of the National Assembly’s Science, ICT, Broadcasting and Communications Committee that the 220,000 members of a deepfake channel on Telegram was an “overblown threat” and estimated that, given the percentage of Korean users on Telegram, only about 726 of the channel members are actually Koreans.

But what does it matter whether there are 220,000 Koreans on the channel or just 726?

Let’s suppose there aren’t even 726, but just 10 people in the group — they could still produce 220,000 deepfakes if they set their mind to it. Those images would then be copied and circulated beyond their point of origin and around the world, perhaps remaining permanently in some dark corners of the Internet without ever being deleted.

That’s the nature of sex crimes in the digital age.

So assuming that the criminal potential of this technology remains the same regardless of whether the channel has 220,000 members, 726 members or even just 10, I can’t help wondering what Lee thinks would be an acceptable number of deepfake purveyors that would not constitute an “overblown threat.”

[mpenvs3000w25]

Prompt #5: Science education and the Environment

I was reading the article linked in our course Ares Reserve for Unit 5, and it has me thinking about the way we teach science and how it shapes the way we interact with the world. Specifically, I’ve been thinking about how disconnected traditional science education feels from real-world environmental challenges. We spend so much time memorizing facts, but when it comes to the most urgent issues (climate change, biodiversity loss, food security), how much of our education actually prepares us to do something about them?

The article from Science is about the convergence of science education (SE) and environmental education (EE). The authors argue that while SE focuses on knowledge and technical skills, EE is about values and behavior change. The problem is that these two fields are often treated separately when they should be deeply interconnected. At the end of the day, what’s the point of learning about the carbon cycle if we’re not also learning how our daily choices impact it?

There’s something oddly passive about how science is often taught. Environmental education is often framed as something more political or value-based, and because of that, it gets sidelined in formal education settings. But this divide is artificial, science doesn’t exist in a vacuum or independently. It’s part of how we make decisions, how policies get written, and how industries function. The authors of the article argue that if we want science education to be meaningful, it has to include the ethical and social dimensions of real-world issues.

One idea from the article that really stuck with me was the role of citizen science. Imagine if instead of just reading about ocean acidification in a textbook, students actually went to a local water source, tested its pH levels, and contributed their findings to a global database. Not only would this make science feel more real, but it would also show that individuals can actually contribute to scientific knowledge. That’s a huge mindset shift from the “science is for professionals in labs” attitude that makes people feel disconnected from it.

It also made me think about the role of technology in bridging this gap. The authors discuss how information and communications technology (ICT) can make science more accessible and interactive. Platforms like iNaturalist, where people can document biodiversity in their own communities, or NASA’s citizen science projects, where regular people help analyze satellite images, show that technology can turn passive learners into active participants. (here are some links if you're interested!!)

https://www.inaturalist.org/

https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/

Overall, this is what’s been on my mind over reading that article, how science education isn’t just about information but about action. I think if we actually blurred the line between science and environmental education, we’d be a lot better at preparing people for the world we live in. I understand there are limitations, such as funding, time, and resources, but this is just something interesting to think about. What do you think, should science education focus more on real-world action and problem-solving, or is it enough to understand the concepts? How has your own experience with science education shaped the way you engage with environmental issues?

Reference:

Wals, A. E. J., Brody, M., Dillon, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584.

[reynita9]

I can’t stop thinking about how Cocomelon is damaging babies because the fast pace scene changes can “interfere with the development of executive functions”, and how thin parents are spread in capitalism that they rely on television to entertain/keep their babies company just so they have some time to complete domestic tasks. I am thinking about disintegrated Community Care/structure. I am thinking about how Instagram, Tiktok, Twitter, Tumblr, all media are engineered to be addictive and alter the executive functioning of kids, tweens, teens, and adults of all ages. How malleable our minds are..bread and circuses. Everything we consume has the power to heal or destroy us. I think about Congress Bill 686, and feel discouraged and powerless. You may have heard of it as “The TikTok Ban” of course, the media intentionally oversimplifies it as a ban on TikTok, but really it is the means for The State to restrict the sharing of information on the internet and to censor us, keep us misinformed and suppressed. The State knows that knowledge is power so they keep us intentionally in the dark and distracted, plucking away human rights one by one while we are watching the stage. The Restrict Act would require the Department of Commerce to “identify, deter, disrupt, prevent, prohibit, investigate, and mitigate transactions involving ICT products and services” 🤳🏼👁️ (ICT means Information and Communications Technology, ICT Products and services refers to social media) When COVID first hit, my friend said “this will be like 9/11, there was the world pre 9/11 and post 9/11” I am not one to believe we are “post-covid” because we are still in the grips of the Covidian information wars, which I feel will be one of the main long term take aways from The-Covid-Years. Bill 686 harms all, because any group of 1 million people organizing or sharing information online can be persecuted, banned and shut down under the guise of “prohibiting certain transactions between persons of the United States and foreign adversaries” Congress Bill 686 establishes both civil and criminal penalties for violations of the bill, meaning anything that they consider an “unacceptable risk to national security.” Please don’t forget we live in a police state which is meant to protect the empire. In The United States privacy is not sacrosanct, and actually American big brother corporations like Meta and Google are investing millions into anti-TikTok propaganda, because it clears their competition and allows them back into the palms of citizens, so they can personally be the ones to steal our time and data. It makes me angry, it’s painful. How can we organize against the faceless enemy? It’s all subversion and censorship, anything to get the undiluted power to be placed back into the hands of an American corporation. It will always be The State, Corporations, and Colleges keeping information tucked away and inaccessible to the masses. We must do what we can to preserve the internet as a place of free information sharing and connection. The infrastructure of our communities in real life are generally weak. Weekly I hit a paywall online, and I have seen my own words be instantaneously given an AI generated COVID misinformation banner before. It’s insane, and most people are not comfortable admitting out loud that we are alive during fascism. What’s funny in a way is, I have long hated TikTok, but now that it risks being banned in this “land of the free” I find myself urgently realizing how important it is to preserve and protect.. It is on the individual to use the internet wisely and with boundaries, not the state to restrict people’s access to information. Privacy is important and data-preservation is important, obviously, but if this is what 686 was truly about, we would be having different conversations. All legislation is created to build a precedent.

[jeveashley]

5 key Trends in INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

In today's ever-changing technological landscape, staying current on the latest trends is critical for both individuals and businesses. These patterns influence how we communicate, connect, and complete tasks in both our personal and professional lives. The following are five key trends in ICT that are making waves now, along with examples to demonstrate their significance.

1. CONVERGENCE

Convergence in ICT refers to the combination of various technologies to generate forms of communication and information. This trend focuses on establishing a seamless user experience by combining multiple functionalities into a single device or platform. Convergence has been a driving force in the creation of smartphones, which combine a phone, camera, music player, and internet browser in one device.

Examples:

- Smartphones: Combine various functions like calling, browsing, and photography.

- Smart TVs: Integrate television with internet browsing and streaming services.

2. SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media has become an essential part of our daily lives, changing the way we communicate and share information. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable users to interact, create, discuss, modify, and share user-generated content. These platforms allow users to interact with a global audience, making social media an effective tool for personal and professional communication.

Examples:

- Facebook: Connects people globally and allows for sharing of updates, photos, and events.

- Twitter: Known for its microblogging feature, where users post short, concise updates.

3. MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES

The proliferation of smartphones and tablets has changed the way we access information and complete jobs. These gadgets have evolved into mini-computers capable of running a variety of apps that were previously limited to desktops. Mobile technology has permitted internet access at any time and from any location, making it important in today's fast-paced society.

Examples:

- iOS: Used in Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads.

- Android: An open-source operating system developed by Google, used by many mobile manufacturers.

4. ASSISTIVE MEDIA

Assistive media refers to technologies and services that help people with visual and reading impairments. These technologies make sure that everyone, regardless of physical restrictions, has access to and benefits from digital material. Assistive media is more than just accessibility; it is also about inclusivity.

Examples:

- Screen readers: Convert text to speech, allowing visually impaired users to interact with digital content.

- Braille displays: Provide tactile output of text for users who are blind.

5. CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing has transformed how we store, access, and manage data. Users can utilize remote servers hosted on the internet to store data and access apps from anywhere in the globe. This tendency has resulted in enhanced productivity, scalability, and collaboration, particularly in the corporate sphere.

Examples:

- Google Drive: Allows users to store files online and access them from any device.

- Dropbox: A cloud storage service that enables easy file sharing and backup.

These developments demonstrate ICT's dynamic nature and tremendous impact on our lives. These trends, whether they improve connectivity, enable accessibility, or revolutionize data management, are altering the future of technology in previously imagined ways. Staying educated and flexible to these trends will be critical to success in the digital age.

Passed by: JEVE ASHLEY C. SUAGA

[ictlsg23]

SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION TO INFOCOMM TECH LAW IN SINGAPORE

OPTIONAL READING: ICT LAW IN SINGAPORE CHAPTER 1

OPTIONAL REFERENCES: LAW AND TECH IN SINGAPORE CHAPTERS 1-3

A. COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVE

New economies have emerged within the last two decades including digital models of transaction and disruptive innovation. Internet intermediaries generally are taking on a major role as facilitators of commercial and non-commercial transactions online. These include social networking platforms (e.g. Facebook, IG and Twitter), multimedia sharing platforms (e.g. YouTube, Apple Music and Spotify), search engines and news aggregators (e.g. Yahoo, Google), content hosts and storage facilities (e.g. Dropbox) and many others. Content generating platforms such as TikTok have also become popular even as cybersecurity concerns and other misgivings have emerged at the governmental level in some jurisdictions.

In the last few years, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) have become quite common in advanced economies, the latest being wearable devices for the 'Metaverse' and an even more immersive experience in the digital realm. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also becoming more visible at the workplace and at home, leading to ethical concerns and a slate of guidelines globally to 'govern' its development and deployment. Most recently, interest in generative AI (GAI) emerged from the successful launch of chatGPT and other similar services.

Policies and laws have been adapted to deal with the roles and functions of Internet intermediaries, IoT and AI devices and services, and their potential effects and impact on society. Regulators in every jurisdiction are faced with the challenge to manage the new economy and players, and to balance the interest of multiple parties, in the context of areas of law including intellectual property, data protection, privacy, cloud technology and cyber-security. Different types of safe harbour laws and exceptions have emerged to protect these intermediaries and putting in place special obligations; while some forms of protections have been augmented to protect the interests of other parties including content providers and creators as well as society at large. Students taking this course will examine the legal issues and solutions arising from transactions through the creation and use of digital information, goods and services ('info') as well as the use of non-physical channels of communication and delivery ('comm').

The technological developments from Web 1.0 to 2.0 and the future of Web 3.0 with its impact on human interaction and B2B/B2C commerce as well as e-governance will be examined in the context of civil and criminal law, both in relation to the relevance of old laws and the enactment of new ones. In particular, this course examines the laws specifically arising from and relating to electronic transactions and interaction and their objectives and impact on the individual vis-à-vis other parties. Students will be taken through the policy considerations and general Singapore legislations and judicial decisions on the subject with comparisons and reference to foreign legislation where relevant.

In particular, electronic commerce and other forms of transactions will be studied with reference to the Electronic Transactions Act (2010) and the Singapore domain name framework supporting access to websites; personal data privacy and protection will be studied with reference to the Personal Data Protection Act of 2012 and the Spam Control Act; the challenges and changes to tort law to deal with online tortious conduct will be analysed (e.g. cyber-harassment under the Protection from Harassment Act (2014) and online defamation in the context of online communication); the rights and liabilities relating to personal uses of Internet content and user-generated content will be considered with reference to the Copyright Act (2021); computer security and crimes will be studied with reference to the Computer Misuse Act (2017) and the Cybersecurity Act (2018); and last, but not least, Internet regulation under the Broadcasting Act and its regulations as well as the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (2019), the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act (2021) and the Online Criminal Harms Bill (2021) will be critically evaluated.

You will note from the above paragraph that there have been an acceleration in the enactment of ICT laws and amendments in recent years, which shows the renewed focus of the government and policy-makers when it comes to the digital economy and society (as we move towards a SMART Nation). This is happening not online in Singapore, but abroad as well. In such an inter-connected work with porous jurisdiction when it comes to human interaction and commercial transactions, we have to be aware of global trends and, in some cases, the laws of other jurisdictions as well. When it is relevant, foreign laws will also be canvassed as a comparison or to contrast the approach to a specific problem. Projects are a good way to approach in greater depth.

B. CLASS PREPARATION FOR SESSION 1

In preparation for this session, use the online and library resources that you are familiar with to answer the following questions in the Singapore context (and for foreign/exchange students, in the context of your respective countries):

What are the relevant agencies and their policies on ICT?

What are the areas of law that are most impacted by ICT?

What is the government's position on Artificial Intelligence?

What are the latest legal developments on this field?

Also, critically consider the analysis and recommendations made in the report on Applying Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence in Regulatory Reform, SAL Law Reform Committee, July 2020. Evaluate it against the second version of the Model AI Governance Framework from the IMDA. Also, look at the Discussion Paper on GAI released on 6 June 2023. Take note of this even as we embark on the ‘tour’ of disparate ICT topics from Session 2 onwards, and the implications for each of those areas of law that will be covered in class.

C. ASSESSMENT METHOD AND GRADING DISTRIBUTION

Class Participation 10% (individually assessed)

Group Project 30% (group assessed)

Written Exam 60% (2 hour open book examination)

This course will be fully conducted in the classroom setting. Project groups will be formed by week 2, projects will be assigned from week 3, and presentations will begin from week 4 with written assignments to be due for submission a weeks after presentation. Further details and instructions will be given after the groups are formed, but before the first project assignment.

D. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK AND READINGS

The main textbook is: Warren B. Chik & Saw Cheng Lim, Information and Communications Technology Law in Singapore (Academy Publishing, Law Practice Series, July 2020). You can purchase the book (both physical and electronic copies) from the Singapore Academy of Law Publishing (ask for the student discount). If you prefer, there are copies available in the reserves section of the Law Library that you can use. The other useful reference will be: Chesterman, Goh & Phang, Law and Technology in Singapore (Academy Publishing, Law Practice Series, September 2021).

Due to the rapid pace of development in the law in some areas of analysis, students will also be given instructions and pre-assigned readings via this blog one week before each lesson. Students need only refer to the SMU eLearn website for administrative information such as the Project Schedule and the Grade Book as well as to share project papers and presentation materials. Students will be expected to analyse legislative provisions and/or cases that are indicated as required reading for each week.

Free access to the local legislation and subsidiary legislation may be found at the Singapore Statutes Online website at: https://sso.agc.gov.sg. 

Local cases are accessible through the Legal Workbench in Lawnet. The hyperlink can be found under the Law Databases column on the SMU Library’s Law Research Navigator at: http://researchguides.smu.edu.sg/LAW. 

Other online secondary legal materials on Singapore law that you may find useful include Singapore Law Watch (http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg) and Singapore Law SG (https://www.singaporelawblog.sg). 

There are also other secondary resources made available from the SMU Library when doing research for your projects such as the many other digital databases available from the LRN (e.g. Lexis, Westlaw and Hein online that are all available under the Law Databases column) and the books and periodicals that are available on the library shelves.

[donooh]

Dana Mari C. Isles ICT 9-MOONSTONE

How can you observe Social, Ethical, and Legal Responsibilities in the use of technology tool and resources? I am capable of upholding Social, Ethical, and Legal Responsibilities in the use of technology tools and resources by taking care of ICT equipment or tools, searching for only safe and appropriate sites for research and studies, verifying the source of all information to determine whether it is true or not, and using technology responsibly. I will also be accountable for any actions I take when posting or sharing on social media. I also promise not to commit crimes like hacking or stealing someone else's online accounts. I won't download or use anothers persons data or assets online illegally. Before sharing anything to social media, we should consider our actions. Additionally, keep our passwords secure and constantly change them to preserve our privacy.

[partho64]

Digital Marketing Course

As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, there are several institutions and platforms that offer digital marketing courses in Bangladesh. However, it's important to note that the availability of courses and institutions may have changed since then. Here are a few options you could explore:

Bangladesh Institute of ICT in Development (BIID): BIID offers various digital marketing courses and workshops aimed at professionals, entrepreneurs, and students. They cover topics like social media marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), email marketing, and more.

DigiTech School: DigiTech School provides comprehensive digital marketing training with courses on SEO, content marketing, social media marketing, Google Ads, and more.

Dhaka School of Digital Marketing: This institution offers courses on digital marketing, social media marketing, content creation, and e-commerce.

Online Platforms: You can also consider online platforms like Udemy, Coursera, LinkedIn Learning, and Skillshare. These platforms offer a wide range of digital marketing courses from international instructors.

Local Universities and Training Centers: Some universities and training centers in Bangladesh may also offer digital marketing courses as part of their business or technology-related programs.

Before enrolling in any course, I recommend doing thorough research to ensure that the course content is up-to-date, the instructors are qualified, and the institution has a good reputation. It's also a good idea to read reviews or get recommendations from individuals who have taken the course before.

Please note that the information provided here is based on the situation up to September 2021, and there may have been developments or changes since then. Be sure to verify the current availability of courses and institutions before making any decisions.

What is Digital Marketing?

Digital marketing refers to the practice of promoting products, services, or brands using digital channels and technologies. It encompasses a wide range of online strategies and tactics to reach and engage with a target audience. Unlike traditional marketing, which relies on offline methods such as print ads, billboards, and television commercials, digital marketing leverages the power of the internet and electronic devices.

Digital marketing includes various components and techniques, some of which are:

Search Engine Optimization (SEO): This involves optimizing your website and online content to improve its visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs). The goal is to attract organic (non-paid) traffic to your website by ranking higher in search engines like Google.

Social Media Marketing: Utilizing social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn to connect with and engage your target audience. This can involve creating and sharing content, running ads, and interacting with users.

Content Marketing: Creating and sharing valuable and relevant content (such as blog posts, videos, infographics, etc.) to attract and retain a specific audience. The aim is to establish authority, build relationships, and eventually drive customer action.

Email Marketing: Sending targeted emails to a list of subscribers to promote products, provide updates, and nurture leads. Email marketing can be used to build customer loyalty and drive conversions.

Pay-Per-Click Advertising (PPC): Running paid advertisements on platforms like Google Ads or social media networks. Advertisers pay a fee each time their ad is clicked, helping drive immediate traffic to their websites.

Affiliate Marketing: Collaborating with other businesses or individuals (affiliates) who promote your products or services and earn a commission for each sale or action generated through their marketing efforts.

Influencer Marketing: Partnering with social media influencers or individuals with a significant online following to promote your products or services to their audience.

Online Public Relations (PR): Managing your online reputation and interacting with digital media and communities to maintain a positive brand image.

Analytics and Data Analysis: Using tools to gather and analyze data on consumer behavior and marketing performance. This data helps refine strategies and make informed decisions.

Mobile Marketing: Tailoring marketing efforts specifically for mobile devices, including mobile-friendly websites, apps, and SMS marketing.

Digital marketing offers the advantages of precise targeting, measurable results, real-time engagement, and the ability to adapt campaigns quickly. It has become a crucial aspect of modern business and is continuously evolving as technology and consumer behavior change.

How did You Learn Digital Marketing?

I, as an AI language model, was not specifically "taught" a digital marketing course in the traditional sense. My knowledge and information come from the vast amount of text and data that I was trained on, which includes a wide range of topics, including digital marketing.

I was trained on diverse sources from the internet, including websites, books, articles, and other text documents that cover various aspects of digital marketing. This training allowed me to learn about concepts, strategies, tools, and practices related to digital marketing, just as I learned about many other subjects.

It's important to note that my knowledge is based on information available up until September 2021, and I don't have personal experiences or the ability to actively engage in learning like a human would. My responses are generated based on patterns in the data I was trained on, and I aim to provide accurate and helpful information based on that training.

Write down the Tools Of Digital Marketing.

Digital marketing utilizes a wide range of tools and software to plan, execute, track, and optimize campaigns across various online channels. These tools help businesses and marketers streamline their efforts, target their audience more effectively, and measure the success of their campaigns. Here are some essential categories of digital marketing tools:

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Tools:

Google Analytics: Provides in-depth website traffic data and user behavior insights.

Google Search Console: Monitors website performance in Google search results and helps with indexing issues.

Ahrefs, SEMrush, Moz: Offer keyword research, backlink analysis, and competitive analysis.

Social Media Marketing Tools:

Hootsuite, Buffer, Sprout Social: Manage and schedule social media posts across multiple platforms.

Social Media Analytics Tools: Platforms like Facebook Insights, Twitter Analytics, and Instagram Insights provide data on post performance, engagement, and audience demographics.

Content Marketing Tools:

WordPress, Wix, Squarespace: Create and manage websites and blogs.

Grammarly: Ensures content is free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Canva, Adobe Creative Cloud: Design visuals and graphics for online content.

Email Marketing Tools:

Mailchimp, Constant Contact, SendinBlue: Create, manage, and automate email marketing campaigns.

HubSpot, Marketo: Offer more comprehensive marketing automation, including lead nurturing and CRM integration.

Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising Tools:

Google Ads, Microsoft Advertising: Create and manage paid search and display advertising campaigns.

Facebook Ads Manager, LinkedIn Ads: Run paid social media campaigns.

Analytics and Data Tools:

Google Analytics: Tracks website and app performance, user behavior, and conversions.

Google Data Studio: Creates customizable data visualizations and dashboards.

Kissmetrics, Mixpanel: Provide advanced user behavior tracking and analytics.

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) Tools:

Optimizely, VWO (Visual Website Optimizer): Test and optimize website elements for higher conversion rates.

Hotjar, Crazy Egg: Offer heatmaps, session recordings, and user feedback to analyze user interactions.

Marketing Automation Tools:

HubSpot, Pardot, Marketo: Automate and manage marketing tasks, workflows, and lead nurturing.

Zapier, Integromat: Connect and automate various apps and platforms.

Affiliate Marketing Tools:

ShareASale, CJ Affiliate (formerly Commission Junction): Manage and track affiliate marketing programs.

Video Marketing Tools:

YouTube, Vimeo: Platforms for uploading and sharing video content.

Wistia, Vidyard: Provide video hosting, analytics, and interactive features.

These are just a few examples of the many tools available for digital marketing. The specific tools you choose will depend on your marketing goals, budget, and the channels you intend to focus on. As technology continues to evolve, new tools and platforms are constantly emerging, offering marketers even more ways to optimize their digital marketing efforts.

What are the Advantages of Digital Marketing?

Digital marketing offers numerous advantages for businesses and individuals looking to promote products, services, or brands. Some of the key advantages include:

Global Reach: With the internet's global reach, digital marketing allows businesses to reach a vast and diverse audience worldwide, breaking down geographical barriers.

Cost-Effective: Digital marketing often requires lower investment compared to traditional marketing methods like TV or print ads. It's particularly beneficial for small businesses with limited budgets.

Targeted Audience: Digital marketing enables precise audience targeting based on demographics, interests, behaviors, and other criteria. This ensures that your marketing efforts are reaching the right people who are more likely to convert.

Measurable Results: Digital marketing provides detailed analytics and data tracking, allowing you to measure the effectiveness of your campaigns in real time. You can track metrics like website traffic, conversion rates, click-through rates, and more.

Flexibility and Adaptability: Digital marketing campaigns can be easily adjusted and optimized based on performance data. This flexibility allows you to make real-time changes to improve outcomes.

Personalization: Tailoring marketing messages to specific audience segments enhances customer engagement and improves the overall user experience.

Variety of Channels: Digital marketing encompasses a wide range of channels and platforms, including social media, search engines, email, content marketing, and more. This diversity allows you to choose the most relevant channels for your target audience.

Higher Engagement: Interactive content such as videos, polls, quizzes, and live streams can lead to higher levels of engagement and interaction with your audience.

Brand Development: Consistent digital presence through social media and content marketing helps build and reinforce brand identity, making your brand more recognizable and memorable.

Quick Implementation: Digital marketing campaigns can be launched quickly, allowing businesses to respond rapidly to market changes and trends.

24/7 Availability: Digital marketing efforts, such as websites and social media profiles, are accessible to users around the clock, providing continuous opportunities for engagement.

Direct Communication: Digital marketing enables direct and instant communication with your audience through social media comments, emails, and other messaging platforms.

Improved Conversion Rates: Targeted campaigns and personalized content can lead to higher conversion rates compared to generic marketing approaches.

Competing with Larger Businesses: Digital marketing allows small businesses to compete with larger corporations on a more level playing field, as effective strategies and engaging content can attract a significant audience.

Environmental Impact: Digital marketing reduces the need for paper-based materials and physical advertisements, contributing to a more environmentally friendly approach.

These advantages highlight the effectiveness and relevance of digital marketing in today's interconnected and technology-driven world. Businesses that effectively leverage digital marketing strategies can experience increased brand visibility, customer engagement, and overall business growth.

Conclusion Of Digital Marketing.

digital marketing is a dynamic and transformative approach to promoting products, services, and brands in the digital age. It harnesses the power of the internet, electronic devices, and various online platforms to reach and engage with a targeted audience. This mode of marketing offers numerous advantages that have reshaped the way businesses and individuals connect with their customers.

Digital marketing's global reach, cost-effectiveness, precise targeting, and measurable results make it a compelling option for businesses of all sizes. The ability to adapt campaigns in real-time, personalize content, and utilize a variety of channels further enhance its effectiveness.

With the rise of social media, search engines, content marketing, and other digital platforms, businesses can directly communicate with their customers, build brand identity, and drive conversions like never before. The rapid evolution of technology continues to bring new tools and strategies to the field of digital marketing, providing endless opportunities for creativity and innovation.

In today's interconnected world, where consumers are heavily reliant on digital devices and online interactions, mastering the art of digital marketing is crucial for staying competitive and relevant. Embracing its benefits can lead to increased brand visibility, customer engagement, and ultimately, business success.

[althealubapis]

REFLECTION IN EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY

          I've got the opportunity to explore into the present status of ICT technologies, such as Web 2.0, 3.0, convergent technologies, social media, mobile media, and assistive media, throughout this first quarter in Empowerment Technology. This learning experience has opened my eyes to the world of technology and its impact on society.

One of the most important lessons I've learned from my studies is the importance of connectedness and collaboration in the digital age. Web 2.0 has changed how we interact with information by allowing us to actively produce and exchange material. This has ramifications in many areas of our lives, including education, business, and social connections.

Web 3.0 offers even greater promise for tailored and intelligent online experiences because of its focus on the semantic web. Smart homes and wearable technology are only two examples of the new opportunities and advances made possible by the ability to connect telecommunications, computation, and broadcasting.

Furthermore, I also learned the shortcuts keys, how to make mail merged, envelop and labels. In summary, my experiences in empowerment technology this quarter have helped me to better grasp the state of ICT technologies today and how they affect society. I now understand Web 2.0's revolutionary impact, Web 3.0's potential, the integration provided by convergent technologies, the effect of social and mobile media, and the significance of assistive media. I'm thankful that I’ve learned shortcuts key and how to use excel. Im looking forward to learn more on these subjects and staying current with the rapidly changing technological landscape.

[jantanow]

UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab नेटवर्क से जुड़े बागपत के अमन कुमार

यूनेस्को आईपीएल नेटवर्क से जुड़े बागपत के अमन कुमार

यूनेस्को के इन्क्लूसिव पॉलिसी लैब नेटवर्क से जुड़े अमन कुमार, कॉन्टेस्ट 360 प्रोजेक्ट के अंतर्गत युवाओं को सशक्त करने पर हुआ चयन बागपत। संयुक्त राष्ट्र (United Nations) के सतत विकास लक्ष्यों (Sustainable Development Goals) पर कार्य कर रहे सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता अमन कुमार (Indian Social Worker Aman Kumar) को यूनेस्को के इन्क्लूसिव पॉलिसी लैब (UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab) नेटवर्क की सदस्यता मिली है।…

[oliquinodonnajane]

IMPORTANCE AND NATURE OF ICT IN LIFE, SOCIETY, AND PROFESSIONAL TRACKS

Information and Communication Technology also known as ICT has play a huge role in this modern generation, which also made a huge impact on our lives, society, and professional tracks. It allows us to have easy global communication and commerce, which become integrated in our daily life. ICT is now a part of many people’s lives, for better or for worst. It allows to communicate, access information, and learn many thing in new, better, and faster ways. ICT has an enormous economic signifance.

ICT is constantly evolving and changing. New technologies are being developed all the the time, without us knowing it's impact in our lives. It is also becoming more and more important in our lives. ICT is used across by many industries and disciplines and in some, it is a crucial element for them. Ultimately, this technology depends on our behavior as an end user, thus learning how to use ICT properly and responsibly is a must.

Using Social Media, video conferencing, email and other tools, it has been easier for us to communicate with our loved ones who are in abroad. ICT makes one’s life better and more enjoyable, with streaming services like Netflix and Bili-Bili, with these, we are able to watch our favorite movies without going to the cinema. It also help us to make it much easier to work on our schoolworks productively and efficiently. It keep us up to current trends and issues around the world.

ICT has brought changes in our society, such as improvements on disseminating information, customer service, and efficiency and health services to people. ICT had been also a helpful tool in the sector of Education, especially when pandemic strikes. ICT provides us an access to wide range of up-to-date learning materials. It also improves the quality of learning and teaching ways. ICT enables us to self-paced learning, and engages us learners through audios, videos, animations and other multimedia platforms.

As a student in the strand Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), ICT is a huge help for me to learn new things, gathering information for my school works, and it helps on enhancing my learning skills.

Overall, ICT is indeed make a great impact not just in our lives, but also in our society. Therefore, we should never be inattentive to things that are happening to our world. We should always remember "Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master.'' -- Christian Lous Lange

[bananaspl1ts]

A Reflection paper on the importance and nature of ICT Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has woven itself so deeply into the fabric of modern life that its importance is almost self-evident. Reflecting on its impact, it becomes clear that ICT is not merely a tool, but a transformative force shaping how we learn, work, interact, and even perceive the world. Its influence spans across every sector, from education and healthcare to business and governance, leaving an indelible mark on society.One of the most significant contributions of ICT lies in its democratizing effect on information access. The internet, a cornerstone of ICT, has broken down geographical barriers, making knowledge readily available to anyone with a connection. This accessibility has empowered individuals, fostering self-learning and enabling participation in global conversations. Students can access educational resources beyond their immediate environment, while professionals can stay updated on industry trends and best practices. This democratization of information is crucial for fostering informed citizenry and driving innovation.However, the transformative power of ICT extends beyond mere access to information. It has revolutionized communication, connecting people across continents in real-time. Social media platforms, video conferencing tools, and instant messaging services have fostered global communities and facilitated collaboration on an unprecedented scale. Businesses leverage these tools to connect with customers, manage operations, and expand their reach. Governments utilize them to improve public services and engage with citizens more effectively.This interconnectedness has fostered a sense of global community, albeit with its own set of challenges.The impact of ICT on education is particularly profound. Interactive learning platforms, online courses, and educational apps have revolutionized the way knowledge is imparted and acquired. These tools offer personalized learning experiences, catering to individual learning styles and paces. They also provide access to a wider range of educational resources, enriching the learning experience. However, the digital divide remains a significant challenge, highlighting the need for equitable access to ICT resources to ensure inclusive education,ICT has disrupted traditional professional tracks and opened up new avenues for career development. The digital revolution has created a demand for skilled professionals in areas such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. It has also transformed the way we learn, with online courses and digital resources providing opportunities for lifelong learning and upskilling. However, as technology advances rapidly, it is essential to adapt and embrace continuous learning to remain relevant in the ever-changing professional landscape.

Mocha 11

Renalyn felismino

[axontecs]

Top Trends in Saudi Arabia’s Security Industry for 2025: Insights from the Best Companies

Currently, the security industry in Saudi Arabia is on the verge of change due to increased technological growth, changing legislation, and increasing concern with adequate security measures. Ever since the Kingdom strives to realize its Vision 2030, the adoption of new security systems has been a necessity. Here are the key trends that defined the security industry in 2025 below with references from some of the top companies such as the best CCTV installation company in Saudi Arabia.

1. AI-Powered Surveillance Systems

AI is revolutionizing security by improving surveillance. Current AI integrated CCTV systems are now capable of identifying abnormal activities, identifying faces and even foresee the risk before it happens. The best CCTV installation company in Saudi Arabia is on the cutting edge of such systems, which allows companies to use AI technologies for active video surveillance and subsequent analysis of the results.

Key innovations include:

Behavioral Analysis: Activities that are considered suspicious are detected by analyzing algorithms that notice patterns.

Facial Recognition: More sophisticated systems look for the person against authorized databases in order to regulate access.

License Plate Recognition: Safety of vehicles using automatic surveillance for movement in sensitive areas.

These features do not only augment security, but also maintain favourable processes that do not involve many personal adjustments.

2. Integration of IoT in Security Systems

The IoT landscape is rapidly constructing a network of devices that can sensibly communicate with each other. IoT implemented security solutions are capable of remote or central command of surveillance cameras, alarms, and entryways. Many organizations in Saudi Arabia are implementing IoT solutions with the aim of getting optimal protection.

For example, IoT integration enables facilities to assess performance in multiple sites and strengthens response time in case of emergent conditions. If you need great IoT solutions, check out Axontech International which specializes in fire protection as well as ELV (CCTV/IT systems).

3. Cloud-Based Security Platforms

Cloud technology has become the demand for a change in how they run the security infrastructure of organizations. One of the critical benefits of cloud-based systems, especially to businesses, is the flexibility with which records can be stored in cyberspace removing the need for costly storage infrastructure.

The benefits of cloud solutions:

Remote Access: Security systems are supervised and controlled remotely, users are able to control them irrespective of where they are.

Cost Efficiency: Less reliance on physical owned hardware for business applications, and the support that business applications require.

Data Security: Encryption of data also helps the company meet data protection regulation laws.

Social sites also make it easy to update and interface other security solutions to keep systems futuristic.

4. Smart Access Control Systems

Security is no longer limited to keys and passwords anymore. The use of biometric authentication, mobile credential and multi-factor authentication is increasingly becoming the norm. The following technologies have better security while still easing the user’s experience.

Saudi Arabia’s top security companies are introducing:

Facial and Iris Scanning: Security enhanced premises allow free access through the barriers.

Mobile-Based Access: This has made employees use their smartphones to gain access, thus minimizing the use of cards.

Integration with Surveillance: Real-time monitoring here will be enhanced by integrating access control with CCTV.

These are important for organizations like financial, health and any government institutions that have high privacy measures.

5. Rising Demand for Cybersecurity Solutions

Much as physical security is being designed with ICT technology in mind, the possibility of hacking is rife. Organizations have scaled up on the need to embrace cybersecurity to avoid cases of hacking in internally secured systems.

Leading security companies are offering solutions such as:

Firewalls for IoT Devices: Protecting analog security cameras and electronic access control devices from intrusion.

End-to-End Encryption: Keeping the control of communication between devices safe.

Regular Penetration Testing: Hazard identification concerning a system’s security structure.

The emphasis on cybersecurity can be explained by the fact that the Saudi Kingdom pays increased attention to data protection and privacy legislation.

6. Enhanced Focus on Residential Security

People are now requiring safety systems in the house; this has been caused by the progressing smart home technologies. From video doorbell systems to smart home security systems using artificial intelligence, more homeowners are adopting high tech systems for security.

The best CCTV installation company in Saudi Arabia is responding to this trend by offering:

Customizable Packages: Specific recommendations, considering the type of the residents.

User-Friendly Interfaces: There is free and convenient management of home security through the mobile applications.

Integration with Smart Home Devices: Integrability with voice assistants and automation devices.

Such changes are a response to the increase in interest in insuring personal property and family security.

7. Emphasis on Sustainability

This is a major theme that is emerging within the security industry where sustainability is slowly becoming relevant. Reducing energy systems and material utilization by designing energy-efficient technology and renewable energy sources are evident among businesses.

Trends in sustainable security include:

Solar-Powered Cameras: Substituting uses of main power grids.

Energy-Efficient Hardware: Apparatus that has been developed with the purpose of reducing energy load.

Recyclable Materials: Stimulating the aspect of environmental management within product production.

Currently, security providers are targeting consumers who are concerned about the environment by trying to meet international sustainability objectives in Saudi Arabia.

8. Advanced Fire and Safety Integration

The integration of fire safety and security systems is also considered being one of the major trends. Integral solutions conclude that fire detection and security surveillance are actually under one central command thereby improving the general safety levels.

 As a Salama-approved fire and safety company,  Axontec International captures this trend as the company provides an easy integration of CCTV and fire suppression systems. People also get protected and the companies follow consistent compliance measures that reduce risks during emergencies.

9. 24/7 Monitoring and Maintenance Services

Businesses are increasingly relying on professional monitoring and maintenance services to ensure their systems operate effectively. 

Round-the-Clock Surveillance: Dedicated teams monitor premises remotely.

Proactive Maintenance: Regular system checks prevent downtime.

Technical Support: Quick resolution of issues to maintain operational efficiency.

These services enhance system reliability while reducing the burden on in-house teams.

10. Advanced Analytics and Reporting

Security systems are not just recording events, they are giving information on events. Analytical tools are employed to study various patterns so that the related security strategies can be optimized.

Key features include:

Heat Mapping: Determining specific zones at the facility where there is likely to be massive traffic and hence installing cameras frequently at those areas.

Incident Reports: In this case they would prefer automated summaries of the security breaches.

Predictive Analytics: Predicting possible threats.

These insights also help an organization to know what they have to do, and that will help them to counter check any threat that may arise.

Conclusion

Computer and network security and physical security industry in Saudi Arabia is expected to show an explosive growth in 2025, led by technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of things and Cloud. Those organizations that adopt these trends will not only improve safety but also gain optimization of operational performance.

Whether you are a business person or a homeowner, engaging the best CCTV installation company in Saudi Arabia ensures one gets access to modern solutions meeting your needs. All the same, it is critical to remain abreast of these trends as the industry moves forward in order to make the proper security investments.

[food445]

Smart Universities: Revolutionizing Higher Education with Technology

In the past few decades, the education sector has undergone a rapid transformation driven by technology. The concept of a Smart University represents the pinnacle of this transformation, integrating advanced technologies to enhance the learning experience, optimize administrative proceA Smart University can be described as a higher education institution that integrates Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into every aspect of its operations. It involves creating a connected environment where learning, research, administration, and campus life are supported by intelligent systems that enable better decision-making and enhanced experiences for both students and staff. Smart Universities harness technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analytics, cloud computing, and advanced learning management systems (LMS) to improve the overall functionality of the campus and its educational delivery.

sses, and create a more sustainable and efficient educational ecosystem. A Smart University goes beyond merely adopting digital tools; it leverages cutting-edge technologies to foster an environment that is flexible, interactive, personalized, and data-driven. This evolution is not just about convenience but about fundamentally changing how students learn, interact, and prepare for the future.

What is a Smart University?

Key Features of Smart Universities

1. Personalized Learning Experiences

One of the most significant advantages of Smart Universities is the ability to deliver personalized learning experiences. With the integration of AI, machine learning, and data analytics, universities can track the learning behaviors of individual students, including their strengths, weaknesses, and learning preferences. This data allows educators to provide customized content, assignments, and feedback tailored to each student’s needs.

For example, learning management systems can adapt the curriculum based on a student’s pace and style of learning. A student who excels in a particular area can be offered advanced material, while a student who struggles might receive additional resources or guidance. Such individualized learning strategies help students progress at their own pace, increasing engagement and improving outcomes.

2. Intelligent Campus Infrastructure

Smart universities also focus on creating an intelligent campus environment that is both connected and sustainable. IoT devices can be used to optimize campus energy use, improve safety, and streamline maintenance. For instance, smart lighting systems can automatically adjust based on occupancy, reducing energy consumption. Similarly, sensors can be placed in classrooms and lecture halls to monitor air quality, temperature, and lighting, ensuring an optimal learning environment.

Furthermore, with the integration of GPS technology and indoor navigation apps, students can easily navigate large campuses. Universities can also provide real-time information on parking availability, bus schedules, and room bookings through mobile apps, further enhancing the campus experience.

3. Enhanced Collaboration and Communication

A Smart University fosters seamless collaboration between students, faculty, and staff. Digital platforms such as cloud-based document sharing, video conferencing, and virtual classrooms create an interconnected environment where ideas can be exchanged freely. Collaborative projects can be facilitated through real-time editing tools, enabling students from different disciplines to work together efficiently, regardless of location.

Additionally, the integration of communication tools like instant messaging and university-specific social networks makes it easier for students and faculty to communicate with each other. Faculty can provide immediate feedback, and students can engage with peers in discussion forums or through live streams of lectures.

4. Data-Driven Decision Making

Smart Universities leverage big data analytics to drive decision-making across all areas of operation. With access to vast amounts of data, universities can analyze trends in student performance, attendance, engagement, and even career outcomes. This allows them to improve course design, refine teaching strategies, and offer more effective student support services.

Moreover, university administrators can use data analytics to streamline resource allocation, from staffing levels to infrastructure investment, ensuring that decisions are not only timely but also based on evidence. Data also allows universities to predict potential problems, such as students at risk of dropping out, enabling early intervention.

5. Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) Integration

The use of VR and AR technologies has begun to revolutionize the way students learn. Smart Universities incorporate these tools to enhance practical learning and immersive experiences. For instance, medical students can practice surgeries in a VR environment, while engineering students can engage in virtual simulations of complex systems.

In addition, AR can be used in traditional lecture settings to bring textbooks and course materials to life. For example, students studying history could experience virtual tours of ancient civilizations, while those in the sciences could observe molecular structures in 3D. Such immersive technologies enable students to explore complex concepts interactively, enhancing their comprehension and retention.

6. Smart Administration

In addition to improving learning, technology also simplifies administrative functions at a Smart University. AI-driven chatbots can provide instant responses to frequently asked questions, reducing the burden on administrative staff. Students can also register for classes, view their grades, and manage their academic schedule through mobile apps, without needing to visit the administration office.

Moreover, universities can implement digital document management systems to reduce paper usage and streamline administrative workflows. From admissions to graduation, many processes are automated and managed online, resulting in faster, more efficient operations.

7. Sustainability and Green Initiatives

Smart Universities are also more sustainable. By incorporating smart energy management systems and renewable energy sources, universities can reduce their carbon footprints. Smart heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems ensure that energy is used efficiently, while data collected through IoT sensors can help identify areas where sustainability efforts can be improved.

The use of digital textbooks, e-learning, and virtual collaboration also helps reduce the need for physical resources, supporting a greener campus environment.

Benefits of Smart Universities

The shift to Smart Universities offers numerous benefits, including:

Improved Learning Outcomes: With personalized education, students are better able to engage with course content and excel in their studies.

Enhanced Student Experience: A connected and seamless campus experience makes it easier for students to access resources and engage with their peers and instructors.

Increased Efficiency: Automation of administrative tasks reduces operational costs and frees up staff to focus on more critical functions.

Global Connectivity: Smart Universities enable students to participate in global learning communities, collaborating with peers and experts from around the world.

Conclusion

The concept of the Smart University is not a futuristic dream but an evolving reality. By adopting cutting-edge technologies, universities are reshaping how education is delivered, making it more personalized, efficient, and engaging. These advancements are not only improving the learning experience but also preparing students for a rapidly changing world. The integration of AI, IoT, big data, VR/AR, and cloud computing ensures that the Smart University of today is not just an educational institution, but a hub of innovation and collaboration, ready to meet the challenges of the 21st century. As the world continues to embrace digital transformation, Smart Universities will play a central role in shaping the future of higher education.

[inclusiveuniversity]

Making Accessibility Services Accessible Through Implementation of Information and Communication Technology

Post-secondary institutions are facing increased pressure by accessibility legislation, such as the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA), to ensure students with disabilities have equitable access to the academic environment (Flaherty & Roussy, 2014). This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) examines the situation regarding the Student Accessibility Office (SAO) in a large Ontario university. Traditionally, student service-based offices like the SAO require an in-person visit to access tools, services and resources. The growth of information and communication technology (ICT) into post- secondary education is increasing accessibility of academic programs (Yamamoto & Yamaguchi, 2019), but not student services. The research Problem of Practice (PoP) for this OIP determines how post-secondary institutions can make student service-based departments more accessible through the implementation of ICT. Using transformational (Bass 1996; Burns, 1978) and distributed leadership (Spillane, 2004) models while viewing the PoP through the social model of disability lens (Oliver, 2013) informs the leadership approach to change. An integrated change model (Cawsey et al., 2016; Beckhard & Harris, 1987) leads the change process. The zone of proximal agency determines that developing an online course for the SAO is the best solution to increase the accessibility of tools, services and resources. The course will be developed in consultation with university stakeholders and adhere to the AODA’s accessibility standards (Flaherty & Roussy, 2014). Future considerations of this OIP are to develop a framework to support the implementation of ICT university wide.

Keywords

accessibility, information and communication technology (ICT), distance education, AODA, social model of disability

[vieyja]

How ICT helped me at home, in school and in communicating with people.

Ever since the Covid pandemic occurred and the quarantine took place, learning and interacting with people in real life was difficult. But with the use of gadgets and electronics, education and entertainment was made available in my home. Social media apps was made popular like Facebook, Discord, Messenger, and such for communication. Though society was changed because of this transition, I am still very thankful for the services that ICT has offered in the time of hardship of the world. Up to this day, we still use ICT for our everyday tasks, that's because there are various ways that we can use ICT, which was most useful for the pandemic.

In short, ICT gave me the chance to continue my studies, entertainment, and daily activities despite the state of the environment.