#IC 1837

[cosmicfocus]

Pair of Galaxies

Messier 77, aka Cetus A or NGC 1068 This is a three hour exposure of the barred spiral galaxy M77 (right). It’s a face-on galaxy with a very bright central nucleus, a strong radio output and a supermassive black hole. If you look closely, you will see that it is surrounded by extensive but wispy outer spiral arms. As I began this image, there was little sign of the wispiness outside the central…

[valiantroyalty]

Ariel shifted again before she it he’d at one of the patches on her arm. It’s a frequently attacked patch, with obvious missing scales and scars outlining the area. She’s nervous again but she’s unsure why. Eric claims he believed her but.. she wasn’t sure.

She didn’t know why he couldn’t remember. Maybe that’s part of the process if he is indeed back. This was uncharted territory yo her. Ariel waited a few moments before she answered. “About two hundred years ago. 1837.. we met on your birthday. You.. fell overboard.” He might not believe her with that year. “She was born soon after that.”

200 years. It’s been over 200 years since She’s lost Eric. Her other half. Her soul mate. Just ripped away Right in front of her eyes that fateful day. She managed to save Melody, but not him. That was one day She’s truly seen red, and gotten revenge. But After the rage faded, She’s been more than depressed after the loss.

Ariel barely let Melody leave her sight, much less be an arms length away. She’s scared she’ll lose her daughter if she strays too far away. In a way, the Child was like a security blanket throughout the terrible, countless decades. She watched Melody grow, as both mermaid And human. Ariel kept Most If Eric’s belongings despite it bringing pain. Half her days she’s hidden away in her grotto, or other days, staring longingly ojt at tbe palace her Love use to reside in. There wasn’t much change until.. one day.

The siren instantly perked up from her spot kn tbe large rock She’s claimed eons ego. Lottle Melody was exploring nearby sl sne wasn’t worried. She caught sight of Someone She Never thought She’d See again. Eric. It was Eric! It had be. Similar profile, black curls. Killer smile. She knew it was him! Her hopes were suddenly sky rocketed.

“Eric! Eric!” The siren called out, propping herself ip completely For a better Look. In a way she’s exposing herself as a mermaid, scales iridescent and catching the sunlight. If she was sorely mistaken, ber mind playing tricks on her… she’d be heartbroken all over again.

@notwhileimcaptain

[thebeesareback]

Every episode of New Who in chronological order (Doctor Who)

Spoilers: it makes no fucking sense. Also, there are some episodes which occur in two or more time periods

"The Fires of Pompeii" - 79 David Tennant

"The Eaters of Light" - 2nd century Peter Capaldi

"The Pandorica Opens" - 102 Matt Smith

"The Big Bang" - immediately after "The Pandorica Opens", 102 Matt Smith

"The Girl Who Died" - 851 Peter Capaldi

"Resolution" 9th century Jodie Whittaker

"The Magician's Apprentice" - 1138 Peter Capaldi

"The Witch's Familiar" immediately after "The Magician's Apprentice", 1138 Peter Capaldi

"Robot of Sherwood" - 1190 Peter Capaldi

"The Bells of Saint John" - 1207 Matt Smith

"Can You Hear Me?" - 1380 Jodie Whittaker

"The Day of the Doctor" - 1562 Matt Smith and David Tennant

"The Vampires of Venice" - 1580 Matt Smith

"The Shakespeare Code" - 1599 David Tennant

"The Curse of the Black Spot" - 16th century Matt Smith

"The Witchfinders" - 1612 Jodie Whittaker

"The Woman Who Lived" - 1681, sequential to "The Girl Who Died" Peter Capaldi

"Legend of the Sea Devils" - 1807 Jodie Whittaker

"Thin Ice" - 1814 Peter Capaldi

"The Haunting of Villa Diodati" - 1816 Jodie Whittaker

"Spyfall Part Two" - 1834 Jodie Whittaker

"Deep Breath" - Victorian era (between 1837-1901) Peter Capaldi and Matt Smith

"The Next Doctor" - 1851 David Tennant

"War of the Sontarans" - 1855 sequential to "The Halloween Apocalypse" Jodie Whittaker

"The Unquiet Dead" - December 1869 Christopher Eccleston

"Tooth and Claw" - 1879 David Tennant

"A Town Called Mercy" - somewhere between 1865-1890 Matt Smith

"Empress of Mars" - 1881 Peter Capaldi

"Vincent and the Doctor" - 1890 Matt Smith

"The Snowmen" - 1892 Matt Smith

"The Crimson Horror" - 1893 Matt Smith

"The Name of the Doctor" - 1893 Matt Smith

"Ascension of the Cybermen" - "the early 20th century" Jodie Whittaker

"Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror" - 1903 Jodie Whittaker

"Survivors of the Flux" - 1904 sequential to "Village of the Angels" Jodie Whittaker

"Human Nature" - 1913 David Tennant

"The Family of Blood" - Immediately after "Human Nature", 1913 David Tennant

"The Power of the Doctor" 1916 Jodie Whittaker and David Tennant

"The Unicorn and the Wasp" - 1926 David Tennant

"Daleks in Manhattan" - 1930 David Tennant

"Evolution of the Daleks - Immediately after "Daleks in Manhattan", 1930 David Tennant

"Let's Kill Hitler" - 1938 Matt Smith

"The Angels Take Manhattan" 1938 Matt Smith

"Victory of the Daleks" - between 1939-1945 Matt Smith

"The Empty Child" - 1941 Christopher Eccleston

"The Doctor Dances" - Immediately after "The Empty Child", 1941 Christopher Eccleston

"The Doctor, the Widow and the Wardrobe" - December 1941 Matt Smith

"Demons of the Punjab" - August 1947 Jodie Whittaker

"The Idiot's Lantern" - June 1953 David Tennant

"Rosa" - 1955 Jodie Whittaker

"Village of the Angels" - November 1967 sequential to "Once, Upon Time" Jodie Whittaker

"The Impossible Astronaut" - 1969 Matt Smith

"The Day of the Moon" - Immediately after "The Impossible Astronaut" 1969 Matt Smith

"Blink" - 1969/2007 David Tennant

"Hide" - 1974 Matt Smith

"The God Complex" - 1980 Matt Smith

"Cold War" - 1983 Matt Smith

"Twice Upon a Time" 1986 Peter Capaldi and Jodie Whittaker

"Father's Day" - 1987 Christopher Eccleston

"The Return of Doctor Mysterio" - 1992 Peter Capaldi

"The Eleventh Hour" 1998 Matt Smith

"Rose" - contemporary to release, March 2005 Christopher Eccleston

"School Reunion" - 2005 David Tennant

"The Christmas Invasion" - contemporary to release, December 2005 David Tennant

"Aliens of London" - Approximately March 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"World War Three" - Immediately after "Aliens of London", approximately March 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"Rise of the Cybermen" - contemporary to release, May 2006 David Tennant

"The Age of Steel" - Immediately after "Rise of the Cybermen", May 2006 David Tennant

"Love & Monsters" - contemporary to release, June 2006 David Tennant

"Army of Ghosts" - after "Love & Monsters", summer 2006 David Tennant

"Doomsday" - Immediately after "Army of Ghosts", summer 2006 David Tennant

"Boom Town" - autumn 2006 Christopher Eccleston

"Turn Left" - autumn 2006 David Tennant

"The Runaway Bride" - December 2006 David Tennant

"Smith and Jones" - contemporary to release, March 2007 David Tennant

"The Lazarus Experiment" - contemporary to release, May 2007 David Tennant

"42" - contemporary to release, May 2007 David Tennant

"The Sound of Drums" - contemporary to release, June 2007 (immediately after "Utopia") David Tennant

"Blink" - 1969/2007 David Tennant

"Partners in Crime" - contemporary to release, April 2008 David Tennant

"The Sontaran Stratagem" - contemporary to release, April 2008 David Tennant

"The Poison Sky" - contemporary to release, May 2008 (immediately after "The Sontaran Stratagem") David Tennant

"Last of the Time Lords" - contemporary to release, June 2008 (sequential to "The Sound of Drums"), David Tennant

"The Stolen Earth" - contemporary to release, June 2008 David Tennant

"Journey's End" - contemporary to release, July 2008 (immediately after "The Stolen Earth") David Tennant

"The Lodger" - contemporary to release, June 2010 Matt Smith

"Night Terrors" - contemporary to release, September 2011 Matt Smith

"Closing Time" - contemporary to release, September 2011 Matt Smith

"Fear Her" - July 2012 David Tennant

"Dalek" - 2012 Christopher Eccleston

"Asylum of the Daleks" - contemporary to release, September 2012 Matt Smith

"The Power of Three" - contemporary to release, September 2012 Matt Smith

"The Rings of Akhaten" - contemporary to release, April 2013 Matt Smith

"Into the Dalek" - contemporary to release, August 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Listen" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Time Heist" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"The Caretaker" - contemporary to release, September 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Flatline" - contemporary to release, October 2014 Peter Capaldi

"In the Forest of the Night" - contemporary to release, October 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Dark Water" - contemporary to release, November 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Death in Heaven" - contemporary to release, November 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Last Christmas" - contemporary to release, December 2014 Peter Capaldi

"Amy's Choice" - 2015 Matt Smith

"The Zygon Invasion" - contemporary to release, October 2015 Peter Capaldi

"The Zygon Inversion" - contemporary to release, November 2015 (immediately after "The Zygon Invasion") Peter Capaldi

"Face the Raven" - contemporary to release, November 2015 Peter Capaldi

"The Pilot" - contemporary to release, April 2017 Peter Capaldi

"Knock Knock" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"Extremis" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"The Pyramid at the End of the World" - contemporary to release, May 2017 Peter Capaldi

"The Woman Who Fell to Earth" - contemporary to release, October 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"Arachnids in the UK" - contemporary to release, October 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"It Takes You Away" - contemporary to release, November 2018 Jodie Whittaker

"Spyfall" - contemporary to release, January 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"Fugitive of the Judoon" - contemporary to release, January 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"Praxeus" - contemporary to release, February 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"The Hungry Earth" - 2020 Matt Smith

"Cold Blood" - 2020 (immediately after "The Hungry Earth") Matt Smith

"Revolution of the Daleks" - September 2020 Jodie Whittaker

"The Halloween Apocalypse" - contemporary to release, October 2021 Jodie Whittaker

"Once, Upon Time" - contemporary to release, sequential to "War of the Sontarans", November 2021 Jodie Whittaker

"Eve of the Daleks" contemporary to release, January 2022 Jodie Whittaker

"Kill the Moon" - 2049 Peter Capaldi

"The Waters of Mars" - 2059 David Tennant

"The Rebel Flesh" - 22nd century Matt Smith

"The Almost People" - 22nd century (immediately after "The Rebel Flesh") Matt Smith

"Under the Lake" - 2119 Peter Capaldi

"Before the Flood" - 2119 (immediately after "Under the Lake") Peter Capaldi

"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" - 2367 Matt Smith

"The Beast Below" - some point after the 29th century Matt Smith

"Sleep No More" - 38th century Peter Capaldi

"Planet of the Ood" - 4126 David Tennant

"The Time of Angels" - 5000 Matt Smith

"Flesh and Stone" - 5000 (immediately after "The Time of Angels") Matt Smith

"The Girl in the Fireplace" - 5000-5100 David Tennant

"The Husbands of River Song" - 5343 Peter Capaldi

"Silence in the Library" - 5100 David Tennant

"Forest of the Dead" - 5100 (immediately after "Silence in the Library") David Tennant

"The Long Game" - 200,000 Christopher Eccleston

"Bad Wolf" - 200,100 Christopher Eccleston

"The Parting of the Ways" Immediately after "Bad Wolf", 200,100 Christopher Eccleston/David Tennant

"The End of the World" - 5 billion (plus 2005) Christopher Eccleston

"New Earth" - 5,000,000,023 David Tennant

"Gridlock" - 5,000,000,023 David Tennant

"Utopia" - 100 trillion David Tennant

"Smile" - it's in "the far future" Peter Capaldi

No indication of the date:

"The Impossible Planet", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2006)

"The Satan Pit", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2006)

"Voyage of the Damned", David Tennant (Broadcast December 2007)

"The Doctor's Daughter", David Tennant (Broadcast May 2008)

"Midnight", David Tennant (Broadcast June 2008)

"Planet of the Dead", David Tennant (Broadcast April 2009)

"The End of Time", David Tennant (Broadcast December 2009)

"A Christmas Carol", Matt Smith (Broadcast December 2010)

"The Doctor's Wife", Matt Smith (Broadcast May 2011)

"A Good Man Goes to War", Matt Smith (Broadcast June 2011)

"The Girl Who Waited", Matt Smith (Broadcast September 2011)

"The Wedding of River Song", Matt Smith (Broadcast October 2011)

"Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS", Matt Smith (Broadcast April 2013)

"Nightmare in Silver", Matt Smith (Broadcast May 2013)

"The Time of the Doctor", Matt Smith (Broadcast December 2013)

"Mummy on the Orient Express", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast October 2014)

"Heaven Sent", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast November 2015)

"Hell Bent", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast December 2015)

"Oxygen", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast May 2017)

"The Lie of the Land", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast June 2017)

"World Enough and Time", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast June 2017)

"The Doctor Falls", Peter Capaldi (Broadcast July 2017)

"The Ghost Monument", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast 2018)

"The Tsuranga Conundrum", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast November 2018)

"Kerblam!", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast November 2018)

"The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast December 2018)

"Orphan 55", Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast January 2020)

"The Vanquishers" Jodie Whittaker (Broadcast December 2021)

"The Timeless Children" sequential to "The Ascension of the Cybermen", Jodie Whittaker (March 2020)

Key: red is Christopher Eccleston; orange is David Tennant; green is Matt Smith; Peter Capaldi is blue; Jodie Whittaker is purple

[artsandculture]

The Hunters in the Snow (1565) 🎨 Pieter Bruegel the Elder 🏛️ Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien 📍 Vienna, Austria

In the late 16th century, the Antwerp banker Niclaes Jongelinck owned one of the most important painting collections in the Netherlands. He commissioned Bruegel to create a series of six seasonal paintings, the last of which is shown here. The series also included: Gloomy Day (Early Spring; KHM, GG 1837), Spring (now lost); Hay-Harvest (Early Summer; Nelahozeves Castle, Czech Republic, Lobkowitz Collection); The Harvesters (Late Summer; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art); Return of the Herd (Autumn; KHM, GG 1018). For the composition of this series, Bruegel, who today is regarded as the most progressive landscape painter of the 16th century, followed an older tradition that divided the year, beginning on 1 March, into six unequally long seasons. What all the compositions have in common is the so-called balcony motif, i.e., the depiction of a hill in the foreground from which an overall view of the landscape unfolds. On top of the hill a group of hunters accompanied by a pack of dogs is seen, making their way back to the village below. Their catch is poor: a single fox dangling from the spear the hunter on the left carries on his shoulder. To the hunter’s left, Bruegel added a motif that had been used forquire some time in book illumination for depicting the month of December: the preparations for singeing a pig over an open fire outside a building. The damaged sign hanging above them reveals the name of the inn: “dit is inden Hert”, meaning “To the Deer” – a well-aimed passing shot. Entertaining details, such as the people ice-skating on the frozen lakes, have contributed to the painting’s enormous popularity. However, it does not owe its significance in art history to its details but rather to the overall impression conveyed by the coloration and composition. With virtuosity and consistency Bruegel evokes the impression of cold: white, blue-green and brown are the dominant colours. The precise silhouette of the trees, the frozen mill-wheel at the lower right and the icy surface of the snow revealed by the hunters’ footprints blend together to convey the fundamental characteristics of winter. The scene is an invented, universally formulated landscape: the combination of a chain of Alpine mountains with Flemish architecture renders pointless any search for reality.

[shewhoworshipscarlin]

Augustus Jackson

Ice cream innovator Augustus Jackson was born on April 16, 1808, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He began working at the White House in Washington D.C. when he was just nine years old and worked as a chef there for twenty years, from 1817 until 1837. Jackson cooked for Presidents James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. His presidential food preparation extended from cooking comfort food for the presidents’ families to preparing formal meals at state dinners for visiting dignitaries.

In 1837, Augustus Jackson left Washington D.C. and returned to his hometown of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he opened his own catering and confectioner business. A savvy businessman, over time Jackson became one of the most successful entrepreneurs in Philadelphia, acquiring his fortune making ice cream. Although ice cream has been around since the 4th century B.C.E. originating from Persia (Iran), Jackson is known for his ice cream making technique and his inventive ice cream recipes.

That innovative ice cream manufacturing technique led to his unprecedented success. Most early ice cream recipes used eggs, but Jackson devised an eggless recipe. He also added salt to the ice, mixing it with his new flavors and cream. The salt made his delicious flavors taste better and lowered the temperature of the ice cream allowing it to be kept colder for a longer time. This helped with packaging and shipping. Jackson’s technique is still used today.

Jackson packaged his ice cream in metal tins and sold them to ice cream parlors owned by other Blacks in Philadelphia. His many flavored ice creams became popular and sold for up to $1 a quart. Up to this point ice cream was affordable only to the rich. Jackson’s new technique reduced the cost of production and made his “Philadelphia style” ice cream affordable to the masses. Eventually Jackson sold his ice cream to individual customers, vendors, and ice cream parlors.

There is no evidence that Jackson patented his ice cream making techniques nor of any of his recipes surviving until today. He shared his ideas with the five other Black ice cream parlor owners in Philadelphia, most of whom found similar success with ice cream making well into the 19th century until racial prejudice drove most of them out of business.

Augustus Jackson died on January 11, 1852, at the age of 43. After Jackson’s demise, his daughter took over the ice cream business. The family, however, had difficulty keeping up with the demand, which opened the door for other ice cream makers to take Jackson’s share of the Philadelphia market.

[pixelfoodie]

Often dubbed as the original ice coffee, mazagran consists of strong coffee that is poured over ice. The drink is usually served in a tall, narrow glass or an eponymous glass made from porcelain or clay. The name supposedly derives from Mazagran—a port city in Algeria—which was granted to France by the Treaty of Tafna in 1837. It is not clear how and exactly when the drink first originated, but it is assumed that French troops located in Mazagran drank a similar combination of coffee and water to beat the heat and because sugar and water were not available. The drink later spread primarily to France, while similar and more common versions also exist in Portugal and Austria. In France, where it is usually served with a lemon slice, the drink is nowadays rarely found. src.: https://www.tasteatlas.com/mazagran-coffee photo ref.: cookingwithalia

[pleistocene-pride]

Happy Ice Age Week! Megalochelys is a now extinct genus of giant tortoise which lived throughout what is now Eurasia and Oceania from the Miocene to Pleistocene around 7.2 million to 120,000 years ago. The genus Megalochelys was first named in 1837 by Hugh Falconer and Proby Cautley based on remains found in the Sivalik Hills of northern India which they dubbed species Megalochelys sivalensis, meaning great turtle. However, later in 1844, Falconer and Cautley decided to rename the species Colossochelys atlas as they considered the original name "not to convey a sufficiently expressive idea of the size". During the late 19th century and much of the 20th century, Megalochelys/Colossochelys was considered synonymous with Testudo, and later Geochelone. Colossochelys is now regarded as a junior synonym of Megalochelys, and 4 species are considered valid: Megalochelys atlas, Megalochelys cautleyi, Megalochelys margae, & Megalochelys sondaari. With a possible additional 3 species yet to be formally named. And some authors have argued for the validity of Megalochelys sivalensis. The size of Megalochelys varied considerably between species with the shells of M. sondaari reaching 2.4 to 3ft (70 to 90cms) across, whilst those of the largest species M. atlas got upwards of 6.7ft (2m) across. Meaning that the largest Megalochelys could have gotten up to 9ft (2.7m) long, 6.5ft (2m) tall, and 4,400lbs (2,000kgs) in weight. The shell of Megalochelys is prominently domed, comparatively thin, and is proportionally wide, with large openings for the limbs. The skull had a deep nasal region and short snout. The epiplastron was forked and robust, suggesting they used them in combat similar to there closest extant relative the African spurred tortoise. In life megalochelys would have inhabited jungles, dry forests, grasslands, and scrublands where it fed upon grasses, sedges, fruits, leaves, and carrion.

Art used can be found at the links below

[royalty-nobility]

Queen Victoria of England

Artist: George Hayter  (English, 1792–1871) 

Title: Queen Victoria (1819-1901) 

Genre: Portrait

Date: 1840

Medium: Oil on Canvas

Collection: Royal Collection of the United Kingdom

Description

Before his appointment as Queen Victoria’s ‘Painter of History and Portrait’ in 1837, George Hayter had impressed the young Princess with his skill as a portraitist and helped her with her first attempts at oil painting. Hayter was to succeed Sir David Wilkie as Principal Painter in Ordinary to the Queen in 1841. However, he received no royal commissions after 1842 as the Queen came to prefer the work, and personality, of other artists - particularly Sir Edwin Landseer and Franz Xaver Winterhalter. Queen Victoria commissioned this, her State Portrait, from Hayter in 1838. The 19 year-old Queen is depicted as she was at her Coronation in Westminster Abbey on 28 June of that year. Shown seated in her Homage Chair, she wears Coronation Robes and the Imperial State Crown and carries the Sceptre with the Cross.

Hayter’s first background for the painting showed the Queen in Westminster Abbey, but he was to alter this later, placing her in a more generic regal setting. Queen Victoria’s pose, with her upturned face illuminated by a shaft of light, endows the composition with a religious spirit reminiscent of Baroque painting. In fact the day did not proceed smoothly, as the Queen was to relate in her journal. For instance, the Coronation Ring, which had been made to fit her little finger, was forced on to her fourth finger by the Archbishop and the unfortunate Queen had to bathe her hand in iced water after the ceremony before she could remove the ring. There was, according to Lord St John, the Sub-Dean, ‘a continual difficulty and embarrassment, and the Queen never knew what she was to do’. Nevertheless, she described the day as ‘the proudest of my life’.

[natureartandimpressionsim]

WINTER IN PARIS:

Winter's coldness is descending in the city of love,

As the Eiffel Tower is adorned in frost.

The Seine begins to form its waves, 

They are covered by tri-colored leaves.

Gardens and parks, once filled with green

Now it is grey and tranquil.

The statues that were once filled with life,

Are now frozen in the dark.

As the outside gets colder, 

Cafés embrace warmth with mugs of warm drinks,

Covering in blankets of silk,

A taste of warmth and love, giving a cozy feel.

As the Parisian skies gets cloudier,

The streets are showered with the rain.

In Paris even in cold,

The warmth of love will never fade.

"The landscape painter must study and observe throughout his life; he should never lose the opportunity to consult nature, with always a crayon in his hand." Lecarpentier, 1817. This quotation from The Work of Art: Plein Air Painting and Artistic Identity in Nineteenth-Century France by Anthea Callen was significant and played an essential role in my project development. In the project, as earlier stated, we decided to challenge ourselves and try to impersonate either painters or poems. I developed the poem to get out of my comfort zone, and my partner drew a painting. This quote refers to the importance of a painter always observing and studying nature throughout their life. In the project, I did not have to observe nature to paint but rather to write about it, and I felt it was, as the quote described, very fundamental to study it for a long time with a pen and a notebook in my hand. While developing the project, it took me a few days, maybe weeks, to get inspiration. I would walk around the beautiful city of Paris and write a few ideas about the weather and how the weather was affecting my emotional state. If it was raining, I felt very sad and nostalgic for warmer days; when it was windy, I would observe how the trees would aggressively move and get angry myself; when it was a bit warmer, or at least I felt a bit more cozy indoors I would feel at home and happier. Additionally, I would walk around and observe nature in the city; I would sit in parks and see the absence of color in the city. This inspired me to write a poem about nature in Paris and to sound more like what I felt then. I was also inspired by the text written by Henry David Thoreau in The Journal of 1837-1861. "Nov. 12. It is much the coldest day yet, and the ground is a little frozen and resounds under my tread. All people move the brisker for the cold yet are braced and a little elated by it. They love to say, "Cold day, sir." Though the days are shorter, you get more work out of a hired man than before, for he must work to keep warm." I related to this text, and it felt very similar to what I was feeling and wanted to write; the text felt sad as it talked about being in colder weather and the days getting shorter. A painting that inspired me as I was writing the poem was Claude Monet's Ice Breaking, Grey Weather, 1880. This painting portrayed a very sad and melancholy feel; it felt very dramatic and, simultaneously, very tranquil. Monet focuses on the river in this painting and shows the connection between snow and water, which I also tried to focus on in my poem, speaking about the river's movement and the frost in the Eiffel Tower. This painting, for me, also seems very lonely, as it is a very quiet landscape with naked trees. I tried to portray what I felt about this painting in words in my poem, as winter for me, feels like this image. As I was writing the poem, It made me fall in love with Paris and its nature all over again. Nowadays, I'm not used to being outside as much or enjoying and observing nature firsthand, as we can see everything in social media or images inside our houses. Going out to get inspiration and write the poem enriched me and made me appreciate nature even more.

Claude Monet's Ice Breaking, Grey Weather, 1880

[tierradenod]

🗡Luces resplandecen a través de los ventanales de imponentes arquitecturas, la naturaleza oscura reclama los lugares olvidados y la metrópolis parece rugir cada noche con más fuerza. ¿Has decidido en donde esperarás el final de los tiempos? La multitud de figuras en las sombras te guían hacia el Palacio Imperial, tierra prometida en donde el Príncipe de la Camarilla se complace en recibirte. A pesar de tu extraño parecido a BAE SUZY y ser parte de los RAVNOS, eres más que bienvenida a la ciudad YOON ‘NAIN’ MISUK. Si las consecuencias no quieres pagar, deberás respetar cada una de las tradiciones y cuidar siempre tu espalda...   

LALINA, la administración de Tierra de Nod se alegra de darte la bienvenida. A partir de este momento cuentas con 24 horas para realizar el envío de la cuenta de tu personaje. Cualquier consulta estamos a tu disposición. ¡Muchas gracias!

OOC

Pseudónimo: Lalina 

Pronombres: ella/suya 

Edad: +21.

Zona horaria: GMT-4 

Triggers: maltrato animal y parafilias. 

¿Estás de acuerdo que tu personaje continúe siendo utilizado por la administración como PNJ en caso de unfollow?  — Sí. 

IC 

Nombre: Yoon ‘Nain’ Misuk.  

Faceclaim: Bae Suzy.  

Pronombres: Femeninos.

Nacionalidad: Surcoreana. 

Fecha de nacimiento: 09 de septiembre, 1837

Año en el que se convirtió en vampiro: 1871. Tenía 30 años.

Generación asignada: 13.

Clan y secta: Cupo 29 / secta independiente, clan ravnos. 

Detallar el nivel que posee en cada disciplina:

animalismo, nivel uno. fortaleza, nivel uno. quimerismo, nivel dos.

Personalidad:

Es hosca, una armadura que ha perfeccionado a lo largo de las décadas y cambios de siglo. Sin embargo, le cuesta dejar la atención a los humanos de lado. Es bondadosa de noche: comparte su lugar con quien pueda necesitarlo, muchas veces, otros vampiros en su misma situación. Es cerrada. Los pocos lazos con su clan y secta le han dicho que es como una ostra: no se le puede sacar nada. A ella no le molesta. Debe mantenerse a salvo de alguna manera.

A pesar de esto, es risueña, una característica que desarmoniza su fachada. Pero a sus hermanos le gustaba y era algo que no dejaría morir en ella. Es creativa y muy, muy perfeccionista con sus creaciones.

¿Quién era antes de ser vampiro y qué mantiene de su antigua vida?

Su antigua vida fue en dinastía. El trabajo en los campos de arroz era la forma en que se sostenía a sí misma. A ella y a su familia. Dos hermanos menores que, a diferencia suya, aprendieron el oficio de su padre: artesanos, la cerámica siendo su principal material. Misuk también lo hizo, sin embargo, no usó este conocimiento hasta después de ser abrazada. No era lo que esperaba, pero no le extrañó, no cuando en las siembras y en temporadas oscuras de cosecha, la gente comentaba de estas criaturas que nunca dejaron de existir.

Fue abrazada al anochecer, justo antes de entrar a su casa con los brazos cargados de leña para el duro invierno. Su hogar estaba aislado, mucho más desde la invasión a su país y nadie escuchó su agonía; no su familia que había salido a una pequeña celebración a la casa vecina — que estaba tan lejana que las posibilidades eran nulas.

El despertar fue una parte terrible. Sin embargo, no la más dura de toda su vida, esa estaba coronada con ver morir a su familia: padres, hermanos y sobrinos. Le sigue el haber cambiado su fachada tantas veces, a lo largo de los años, que ya ha perdido la cuenta de sus identidades. El oficio fue cambiando. Era obligatorio, era parte importante, junto con su hogar y sus habilidades.

Hoy en día, está en Tokio llamada por la vida de noche y la artesanía en cerámica, aquella que tanto le recuerda a su padre. Se ha perfeccionado: las técnicas que usa son variadas. Vende para pasar el día a día, porque la verdad es que a lo largo de las décadas su fortuna es tal que no necesita subsistir.

Cambia de residencia tan seguido que nunca logra formar lazos. Cuando la señora del negocio más cercano la reconoce, Misuk se va.

Como sus principios, no se ata a nada.

¿Qué sabe sobre quien le convirtió en vampiro?

Nunca vio su rostro. El miedo estaba en sus huesos como en cualquier aldeano. Los vampiros eran una amenaza latente, según las leyendas y durante las noches más oscuras. No fue una sorpresa al despertarse verse convertida así. Horrible, sí, pero no una sorpresa.

Pudo ser el anciano que vivía alejado de todo el pueblo, por lo que a ella le respecta.

Curiosidades

uno. tiene una gata negra llamada luna. es su acompañante desde hace siete años.

dos. tiene un puesto de sus figuras en una feria nocturna, como en todos los lugares en los que ha vivido y ha pisado.

tres. cuenta con muchos conocimientos. lee libros cuando en sus ratos libres y vivir en distintos lugares del mundo le ha traído una riqueza que no cambiaría.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.17 (before 1940)

497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome. 546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. 920 – Romanos I Lekapenos is crowned co-emperor of the underage Constantine VII. 942 – Assassination of William I of Normandy. 1297 – King Kyawswa of Pagan is overthrown by the three Myinsaing brothers, marking the de facto end of the Pagan Kingdom. 1354 – Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut and Holy Roman Empress and her son William I, Duke of Bavaria, sign a peace treaty ending the Hook and Cod wars. 1398 – Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud's armies in Delhi are defeated by Timur. 1538 – Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII of England. 1583 – Cologne War: Forces under Ernest of Bavaria defeat troops under Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg at the Siege of Godesberg. 1586 – Go-Yōzei becomes Emperor of Japan. 1666 – The first account of a blood transfusion is published, in the form of a letter from physician Richard Lower to chemist Robert Boyle, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 1718 – War of the Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain declares war on Spain. 1777 – American Revolution: France formally recognizes the United States. 1790 – The Aztec calendar stone is discovered at El Zócalo, Mexico City. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: France issues the Milan Decree, which confirms the Continental System. 1812 – War of 1812: U.S. forces attack a Lenape village in the Battle of the Mississinewa. 1819 – Simón Bolívar declares the independence of Gran Colombia in Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela). 1835 – The second Great Fire of New York destroys 53,000 square metres (13 acres) of New York City's Financial District. 1837 – A fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg kills 30 guards. 1862 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant issues General Order No. 11, expelling Jews from parts of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. 1865 – First performance of the Unfinished Symphony by Franz Schubert. 1892 – First issue of Vogue is published. 1896 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Schenley Park Casino, which was the first multi-purpose arena with the technology to create an artificial ice surface in North America, is destroyed in a fire. 1903 – The Wright brothers make the first controlled powered, heavier-than-air flight in the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1907 – Ugyen Wangchuck is crowned first King of Bhutan. 1918 – Darwin Rebellion: Up to 1,000 demonstrators march on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. 1926 – Antanas Smetona assumes power in Lithuania as the 1926 coup d'état is successful. 1927 – Indian revolutionary Rajendra Lahiri is hanged in Gonda jail, Uttar Pradesh, India, two days before the scheduled date. 1928 – Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru assassinate British police officer James Saunders in Lahore, Punjab, to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police. The three were executed in 1931. 1933 – The first NFL Championship Game is played at Wrigley Field in Chicago between the New York Giants and Chicago Bears. The Bears won 23–21. 1935 – First flight of the Douglas DC-3. 1938 – Otto Hahn discovers the nuclear fission of the heavy element uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy. 1939 – World War II: Battle of the River Plate: The Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled by Captain Hans Langsdorff outside Montevideo.

[siodium]

on the first day of december, i went to afa~ ♪

i woke up at an ungodly hour (for a weekend) just so i could reach at 10 am right when the doors open. good decision bc there was hardly any crowd at that hour, and we only did a little bit of queueing (for wristband collection and bag checks) before we entered the hall. i was expecting the pre-queue to be insane but i guess not this year maybe?? or maybe it's a sunday thing.

we conquered the creators' hub area before lunch time!!! it's a new record, i think??

after lunch (yey shake shack), we walked around the con for a bit more while waiting for luwi to arrive so she could have my wristband~ i was supposed to go with her, but she was too intimidated by the ticket price ($29 this year with early bird promo), so we agreed to share the cost of one wristband.

since we finished up at afa so quickly, next up on the itinerary was to visit the marketplace collective, a christmas market, at sands expo.

bUT FIRST we took a break at TWG tea!! i've been meaning to try their freshly baked scones that are dine-in exclusive bc i've heard good things about them. ( ✪ ᵕ ✪ )

did they live up to expectations?? hell yeah. i could do with less cream, but the jelly was delightful on the scone.

i got iced apricot tea and it tasted like chi.......... oh no?? next time i wanna try their exclusive ones!! the server recommended the 1837 black tea, silver moon tea (koko got this and said it was nice but i didn't try so idk), and another one that i can't remember.

after the tea break, we headed over to the christmas market. even though i felt like i wasn't rly their target audience, i still ended up getting a few things—stickers, tea, and room fragrances.

haidilao for dinner but my stomach was acting up so i could only eat a little bit. was it rly that two mouthfuls of the milkshake i had at shake shack??? i don't believe ittt. ( ༎ຶ⌓༎ຶ) hand-pulled noodles + tomato broth is still the best combination!!

.

.

.

i actually went to afa on friday as well HAHA.

two of my colleagues took leave to go for afa that day, and they asked if i wanted to come along but i couldn't join them bc i had a driving lesson in the afternoon.

i had the idea to join them afterwards and borrow one of their wristbands to enter the venue for however long i could afford. somehow i managed to reach before closing time and still had time to browse around for 20 mins or so!! then we had sushiro for dinner and i had to call it a day bc i was exHAUSTED.

check out this toilet dokja i got from a blind pack (@yiyuehua) LMAO. "boss makes a dollar, i make a dime. that's why i poop on company time." - kim dokja, probably. (˵ •̀ ᴗ - ˵ ) ✧

[xtruss]

Heliconius elevatus, arose from the genetic fusion of two other Amazonian butterfly species. Photograph By Andrew Neild

Scientists Just Found An Evolutionary Holy Grail

A New Report Traces the Extraordinary Lineage of a Common Amazonian Butterfly—and Estimates the Hybridization of Its Two Parental Species happened Around 180,000 Years Ago.

— By Zhengyang Wang | April 17, 2024

In 1837, Darwin sketched a "tree of life" in his notebook, 12 years before the publication of his Origin of Species. Since then, the tree has been a metaphor routinely used by biologists to explain how new species diverge from a common ancestor. But some scientists believe that new species can also arise from merging older lineages—as if tree branches were to fuse.

Now There Is Proof.

Today, scientists report in the journal Nature that the Amazonian butterfly species Heliconius elevatus arose from the melding of two others. By comparing the genetic blueprints of other butterfly species, researchers led by Harvard University research associate Neil Rosser, demonstrated that the H. elevatus genome is a mixture of 1 percent of the species H. melpomene and 99 percent of H. pardalinus.

"Our study shows that hybridization can drive the evolution of new species," says Rosser, the lead author of the study and National Geographic Explorer. Rosser’s team estimates that although the two parental species of H. elevatus had remained distinct for two million years, a DNA mishmash happened around 180,000 years ago when the Amazonian rainforest was a biodiversity refugium during a global ice age.

For decades, the evolutionary holy grail has been to find an animal species that came into being from two parental species combining their genomes. (If mules—the donkey-horse hybrids–could reproduce, they would qualify as a "hybrid species".) The search has remained inconclusive until now.

Both the hybrid and its two parental species are still common in the rainforests of South America (although H. elevatus, as the name suggests, is a canopy flyer). Had Darwin ventured a bit inland when the HMS Beagle docked in Lima in 1835, he would have seen them, too.

"They have discovered a situation in nature that many have postulated, but few have demonstrated. That is remarkable," says David Lohman, a professor at the City College of New York, who is not involved in this study. Lohman is part of a team that recently built the most comprehensive butterfly tree of life.

Mimicry Rings

Heliconius are the only group of butterflies that imbibe flower pollen, which they use to synthesize cyanogenic glycosides that render themselves distasteful to predators. They advertise their unpalatability with bright, high-contrast aposematic coloration that says, "don't mess with me."

"Hybrids in Heliconius really stand out, because their color patterns are so different," says James Mallet, professor of organismic and evolutionary biology in residence at Harvard University and the corresponding author of this study. He explains that related groups of Heliconius mimic the warning patterns of each other, so the gaudy costume of a single species becomes a coat of arms adorned by its nearby relatives. These "mimicry rings," as shared color patterns are called, help deter predators more effectively.

Two decades ago, Mallet realized that all the close relatives of H. elevatus wore horizontal black-orange stripes called a "tiger mimicry ring." H. elevatus, on the other hand, wore a "nailhead ray" outfit—a concentric array of orange dashes on its hindwings—that was only shared by H. melpomene, a distant relative. It was as if H. elevatus showed up at the family reunion with an outfit borrowed from a stranger. This was a smoking gun that H. elevatus was a hybrid species, but Mallet had to wait for two decades for genomic data to confirm his suspicion.

Genetic Islands

While Mallet and colleagues gathered genomic sequences of Heliconius butterflies, Rosser set up shop in Peru, propping up butterfly cages to observe H. elevatus behavior. "It was tough to build all that stuff," Rosser says. "Strong wind just blows a branch down on top of your cages and all the butterflies escape." Rosser also notes that not all predators are deterred by the warnings of mimicry rings. "Spiders eat them, and all sort of countless problems like that."

The combined effort of Mallet's genomic sequencing and Rosser's behavioral studies led to the discovery of key regions in the H. elevatus genome associated with color pattern, host plant preference, and mating preference. To Rosser and Mallet’s surprise, all of these crucial genetic snippets came from H. melpomene.

Although only 1 percent of the H. elevatus genome is derived from H. melpomene, these fragments are spread across the H. elevatus genome in 44 independent "genetic islands," and control traits crucial to species identity. "Hybrid speciation in this case is not a 50-50 mix," Mallet remarks. "This goes to the heart of what we mean by a species."

You Just Have To Look

Both Mallet and Rosser think there are many more hybrid butterfly species out there. "If people look, then they'll find it," says Rosser. "There are probably examples of this kind happening in Africa and Asia," says Akito Kawahara, professor at the University of Florida, another key contributor to the butterfly tree of life project, who is not involved in this study.

Kawahara argues that to find these hybrid species, we need to start gathering genomic data for all butterflies. He says he's not ready to redraw the butterfly tree of life until more genomic data are available. "We'll be in that position later, you know. But I think it's going to take a little while."

[lboogie1906]

Augustus Jackson (April 16, 1808 - January 11, 1852) was born in Philadelphia. He began working at the White House when he was just nine years old and worked as a chef there for twenty years. He cooked for Presidents James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. His presidential food preparation extended from cooking comfort food for the presidents’ families to preparing formal meals at state dinners for visiting dignitaries.

In 1837, he returned to his hometown of Philadelphia where he opened his catering and confectioner business. A savvy businessman, over time he became one of the most successful entrepreneurs in Philadelphia, acquiring his fortune making ice cream. He is known for his ice cream-making technique and his inventive ice cream recipes.

That innovative ice cream manufacturing technique led to his unprecedented success. Most early ice cream recipes used eggs, but he devised an eggless recipe. He added salt to the ice, mixing it with his new flavors and cream. The salt made his delicious flavors taste better and lowered the temperature of the ice cream allowing it to be kept colder for a longer time. This helped with packaging and shipping. His technique is still used today.

He packaged his ice cream in metal tins and sold them to ice cream parlors owned by other African Americans in Philadelphia. His many flavored ice creams became popular and sold for up to $1 a quart. His technique reduced the cost of production and made his “Philadelphia-style” ice cream affordable to the masses. He sold his ice cream to individual customers, vendors, and ice cream parlors. His daughter took over the ice cream business. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[shane-soriano]

1/4

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

As ICT is becoming more and more part and parcel of teaching, it would be interesting to see how ICT has developed through the last decades.

This article aims at helping teachers have a general idea of the history of ICT, from the invention of the first computer up to now. We will also try to peep into the future to see how ICT will look like in the next few decades.

Brief History of ICT

Telegraph (1837) and Telephone (1876) are permitted communication by wire over long distances.

Communication by wireless telegraph (1895), shortwave radio (1926) and then more reliable high-frequency microwave radio (1946) overcame the physical constraint of connecting every point by wire or cable.

In the 1970s, mobile communication handsets were developed, as was the basic technology foundation for the Internet and the World Wide Web. Both mobile and Internet communication have grown rapidly since their introduction in the 1980s to the point where mobile access to the Internet (e.g., smartphones) is the dominant and fastest growing form of communication.

The phrase "technological convergence" gained popularity in the 1990s and 2000s to characterize the way new ICT are being used to combine formerly disparate communication media, such as voice phone, radio, TV, newspapers, and computer data, into one medium: the Internet, which is delivered over improved, high-capacity broadband telecommunication networks.

[brookston]

Holidays 2.22

Holidays

Ag Teacher Appreciation Day

Antarctica Day (Argentina)

Argentine Antarctica Day (Argentina)

Bear Tie Ball (Chicago, Illinois)

Be Humble Day

Black Orbit Day

Branch Day

Call Somebody "Boo Boo" Day

Cat Day (Japan)

Celebrity Day (Scientology)

Crime Victims Day (EU)

Day of Fraternity and Cohesion (Algeria)

A Day Without News?

Dimanche Gras (Trinidad and Tobago)

Donkey Races Day (Virgin Islands)

European Day for Victims of Crime

Five and Ten Day

For the Love of Mike Day

For the Love of Pete Day

Founder's Day (a.k.a. B.P. Day; World Organization of the Scout Movement)

Gentle Giant Day

Girl Guides Thinking Day (UK)

Give FFA Day

Golf America Day

International Agunah Day (Fast of Esther)

International World Thinking Day

Katsuyama Sagicho (Fire Festival; Japan)

Margaret Herb (Bellis Percanis) Day

Marie Day

Miracle on Ice Day

National a Day without News Day

National Breastfeeding in Public Day

National California Day

National Cat Day (Japan)

National Chosen Family Day (Canada)

National Defibrillator Awareness Day (Israel)

National Encephalitis Day

National Festival of the Sun (Argentina)

National Ginger Awareness Day

National Heart Valve Disease Awareness Day

National Human Trafficking Awareness Day (Canada)

National TWOodles’ Day

National Wildlife Day [also 9.4]

No Smoking Day (Ireland)

Play More Cards Day [also Last Monday]

Privet Day (French Republic)

Public Holiday (Russia, Zimbabwe)

Recreational Sports and Fitness Day

Rihanna Day (Barbados)

Showa-Shinzan International Yukigassen Tournament (Snowball Fighting; Japan)

Sports Day (Bahrain)

Supermarket Employee Day

Takeshima Day (Japan)

Tex Avery Day

2Twenty2 Day (Illinois)

Unity Day (Egypt; Syria)

Walking the Dog Day

Washington's Birthday

Woolworth’s Day

World Encephalitis Day

World Sword Swallowers Day

World Thinking Day

World Yoga Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Big Block of Cheese Day [original date; 1837]

National Cook a Sweet Potato Day

National Margarita Day

Popcorn Introduction Day

Powder Day (Sierra Nevada Brewing)

4th Thurday in February

Discover Girl Day [4th Thursday]

Great American Spit Out [Thursday of 3rd Full Week]

Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day (a.k.a. Discover Girl Day) [Thursday of National Engineers Week]

National Chili Day [4th Thursday]

Independence & Related Days

Empire Hugo (Declared; 2016) [unrecognized]

Founding Day (Saudi Arabia)

Kaetania (Declared; 2022) [unrecognized]

Saint Lucia (from UK, 1979)

Festivals Beginning February 22, 2024

BlendFest on the Coast (San Simeon and Cambria, California) [thru 2.25]

Dublin International Film Festival (Dublin, Ireland) [thru 3.2]

Hong Kong Arts Festival (Hong Kong, Hong Kong) [thru 3.22]

Inlander Restaurant Week (Idaho) [thru 3.2]

Jaisalmer Desert Festival (Jaisalmer, India) [thru 2.24]

Montana Beer Awards (Helena, Montana) [thru 2.24]

Newport Seafood & Wine Festival (Newport, Oregon) [thru 2.25]

New York Farm Show (Syracuse, New York) [thru 2.24]

Oregon Truffle Festival (Eugene, Oregon & Surrounding Area) [thru 3.1]

South Beach Seafood & Wine Festival (South Beach, Florida) [thru 2.25]

Vilnius Book Fair (Vilnius, Lithuania) [thru 2.25]

Whooping Crane Festival (Port Aransas) [thru 2.25]

Wintergrass Music Festival (Bellevue, Washington) [thru 2.25]

World’s Championship Bar-B-Que (Houston, Texas) [thru 2.24]

Feast Days

Abu Simbel Festival (Ancient Egypt; also 10.22)

Appreciate Dragons Day (Pastafarian)

Baradates (a.k.a. Baradat; Christian; Saint)

Beating the Bounds (England; Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Caristia (Family Reunions Festival, a.k.a. Day of Peace in the Family; Ancient Rome; Pagan)

Concordia (Old Roman Festival of Goodwill)

Day Sacred to Charistia (Ancient Rome)

Edna St. Vincent Millay (Writerism)

Edward Gorey (Writerism)

Eric Gill (Artology)

Eric Liddell (Episcopal Church (USA))

Feast of Hastseltsi (The Red God, God of Racing; Navaho)

Feast of the Chair of Saint Peter (Roman Catholic Church)

Festival of the Perpendicular Sun (Ancient Egypt)

Handing Back of Goblin Orphans (Shamanism)

Horace Pippin (Artology)

Hunter S. Thompson Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

I.C. DeForrest (Muppetism)

Isabel (Christian; Martyr)

Luis (Rowan or Mountain Ash; Celtic Book of Days)

Margaret of Cortona (Christian; Saint)

Rembrandt Peale (Artology)

Thalasius and Limneus (Christian; Saint)

Tibullus (Positivist; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 53 [16 of 72]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres