#Hydrogen Peroxide Industry

[karan777]

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/reports/hydrogen-peroxide-market/

[surbhijamdade]

Exploring the Hydrogen Peroxide Market: Trends, Growth, and Opportunities

Exploring the Hydrogen Peroxide Market: Trends, Growth, and Opportunities

The global hydrogen peroxide market is experiencing notable growth, driven by its versatile applications across various industries. The global hydrogen peroxide market size was valued at USD 3.49 Billion in 2024. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from USD 3.68 Billion in 2025 to USD 5.74 Billion by 2033. Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent widely used in bleaching, disinfection, and chemical synthesis, making it essential in sectors such as healthcare, textiles, and wastewater treatment.

Key Industry Trends

The hydrogen peroxide market is influenced by several key trends:

Sustainability: Increasing demand for eco-friendly bleaching agents is driving the adoption of hydrogen peroxide as a safer alternative to chlorine-based chemicals.

Healthcare Growth: The rise in healthcare applications, particularly in disinfectants and antiseptics, has significantly boosted hydrogen peroxide consumption.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in production processes are enhancing the efficiency and safety of hydrogen peroxide usage across various applications.

Regulatory Support: Stricter regulations promoting environmental sustainability are encouraging industries to adopt hydrogen peroxide for its biodegradable properties.

Request a Sample Report of Hydrogen Peroxide Market

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Size and Share

The hydrogen peroxide market is characterized by its diverse applications across multiple sectors. The industrial grade segment is the largest contributor to the market due to its extensive use in pulp and paper production, textiles, and chemical synthesis. As industries increasingly seek sustainable solutions, hydrogen peroxide's appeal as an effective bleaching and disinfecting agent continues to grow.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Statistics

Market Value (2022): USD 3.12 billion

Projected Market Value (2031): USD 4.67 billion

CAGR (2023–2031): 5.7%

These statistics highlight the robust growth potential of the hydrogen peroxide market as it adapts to changing industry demands and consumer preferences.

Regional Trends

The hydrogen peroxide market exhibits diverse trends across different regions:

North America:

Dominated by the United States, this region benefits from well-established end-use industries such as pulp and paper production and healthcare.

The U.S. market is characterized by a strong focus on hygiene post-pandemic, driving demand for disinfectants that utilize hydrogen peroxide.

Asia-Pacific (APAC):

Countries like China and India are witnessing rapid industrialization, leading to increased demand for hydrogen peroxide in sectors such as textiles, food processing, and wastewater treatment.

China is particularly significant due to its extensive use of hydrogen peroxide as an eco-friendly bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry.

Europe:

The region is experiencing dynamic growth driven by increasing requirements for personal care products that utilize hydrogen peroxide for its antimicrobial properties.

Countries like Germany and France are leading in adopting hydrogen peroxide for various applications, including cosmetics and textiles.

Latin America, Middle East, and Africa (LAMEA):

The LAMEA region is expected to grow at a steady pace due to rising applications in textiles, food processing, and water treatment.

Countries in this region are increasingly recognizing the benefits of hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.

Buy Hydrogen Peroxide Market Report here!

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Segmentations

The hydrogen peroxide market can be segmented into several categories:

By Grade:

Food Grade: Used primarily in food processing and sanitation.

Electronic Grade: Essential for cleaning electronic components due to its purity.

Industrial Grade: Widely used across various industrial applications such as pulp and paper production.

By Function:

Bleaching: Utilized extensively in textiles and paper manufacturing.

Oxidizing: Important in chemical synthesis processes.

Sterilizing/Disinfecting: Commonly used in healthcare settings for wound care and surface disinfection.

Extraction: Employed in various industries for extracting specific compounds.

By End-Users:

Pulp and Paper: The largest segment due to its role as a bleaching agent.

Chemical Synthesis: Used for producing organic compounds.

Healthcare and Personal Care: Increasingly utilized in disinfectants and antiseptics.

Food and Beverages: Applied for sanitation purposes.

Textile: Used primarily for bleaching fabrics.

Wastewater Treatment: Employed for treating industrial effluents.

Electrical and Electronics: Important for cleaning components during manufacturing processes.

Top Players in the Hydrogen Peroxide Market

Several key players are shaping the landscape of the hydrogen peroxide market:

Arkema S.A.

Evonik Industries AG

Solvay S.A.

BASF SE

Akzo Nobel N.V.

Kemira Oyj

Hansol Chemical Co Ltd

Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc.

Aditya Birla Chemicals Limited

Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd (GACL)

FMC Corporation

Others

These companies are investing heavily in research and development to innovate new products that cater to evolving industry needs.

Browse Full Report and TOC of Hydrogen Peroxide Market

Conclusion

The global hydrogen peroxide market is poised for significant growth driven by increasing demand across various industries, particularly healthcare, textiles, and wastewater treatment. As stakeholders navigate this evolving landscape, opportunities abound for innovation and collaboration aimed at enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of hydrogen peroxide applications.For more detailed insights into the Hydrogen Peroxide Market trends and forecasts, please refer to our full report or contact Straits Research directly. 

For further information or inquiries regarding this article or our research services, please contact us at sales@straitsresearch.com or call +1 646 905 0080.

Contact

Straits Research Email: sales@straitsresearch.com Phone: +1 646 905 0080 Address: 825 3rd Avenue, New York, NY, USA, 10022

[marketanalysisdata]

Hydrogen Peroxide Industry Trends, Size, Revenue And Top Key Players, 2030

The global hydrogen peroxide market size is projected to reach USD 2.11 billion in 2030 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2030. Rising demand for the product from the global healthcare sector to formulate sanitizers and other disinfectant products is projected to remain the key factor driving the industry.

One of the key factors behind the increasing consumption of the product in the healthcare sector across the globe is the recent outbreak of coronavirus. Demand for hand sanitizers and multiple indoor as well as outdoor disinfectant products, such as floor cleaners and metal disinfectant goods, has quadrupled across all major economies as well as in emerging economies of the world. According to governments worldwide, cleaning of the public spaces, such as public restrooms, airports, bus and metro stations, and commercial spaces, has been made mandatory to curb the spread of the virus. This has led to surge in the consumption of hydrogen peroxide in the industry globally due to its excellent disinfecting properties.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Global Hydrogen Peroxide Market

The product also witnessed high demand from various personal care products and cosmetic manufacturers, majorly due to its oxidizing abilities and antimicrobial properties. Europe has evolved as a hub for multinational personal care item producers, such as Loreal, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, and Deutschland GmbH, with their presence across the European marketspace including countries, such as France, U.K., Italy, Germany, and Spain.

In terms of the consumption in the textile sector, Asia Pacific, followed by Europe, has been leading the global market due to increased penetration of fabric manufacturers and detergent formulators. The substance finds key application in the sector as a fabric whitening agent as well as disinfecting agent, which is used after apparel cleaning. Growing awareness among the consumers to adapt to cleanliness is projected to remain a key factor behind industry growth across these regions.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Report Highlights

The bleaching function dominated the market and accounted for the largest revenue share of 35.4% in 2024.

The disinfectant functions are expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2025 to 2030, owing to heightened hygiene awareness, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic.

The pulp and paper application led the hydrogen peroxide market and accounted for the largest revenue share of 33.4% in 2024, primarily driven by its effectiveness as a bleaching agent.

The healthcare segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% over the forecast period, owing to its antiseptic and disinfectant properties.

Asia Pacific hydrogen peroxide market dominated the global hydrogen peroxide industry and accounted for the largest revenue share of 40.3% in 2024 attributed to rapid industrialization and urbanization

Browse through Grand View Research's Disinfectants & Preservatives Industry Research Reports.

Activated Bleaching Earth Market: The global activated bleaching earth market size was estimated at USD 2.61 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2025 to 2030.

Biocides For Leather Market: The global biocides for leather market size was valued at USD 589.0 million in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% from 2025 to 2030.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global hydrogen peroxide market report based on grade, function, application, and region:

Hydrogen Peroxide Grade Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

<30%

30%-50%

50%-80%

>80%

Hydrogen Peroxide Function Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Disinfectant

Bleaching

Oxidant

Others

Hydrogen Peroxide Application Outlook (Volume kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Pulp & Paper

Chemical Synthesis

Wastewater Treatment

Mining

Food & Beverage

Personal Care

Healthcare

Textiles

Electronics

Propulsion Systems

Others

Hydrogen Peroxide Regional Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East and Africa

Order a free sample PDF of the Hydrogen Peroxide Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[marketstudyreport]

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Trends, Business Growth, Opportunities and Forecast till 2030

The global hydrogen peroxide market size is projected to reach USD 2.11 billion in 2030 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2030. Rising demand for the product from the global healthcare sector to formulate sanitizers and other disinfectant products is projected to remain the key factor driving the industry.

One of the key factors behind the increasing consumption of the product in the healthcare sector across the globe is the recent outbreak of coronavirus. Demand for hand sanitizers and multiple indoor as well as outdoor disinfectant products, such as floor cleaners and metal disinfectant goods, has quadrupled across all major economies as well as in emerging economies of the world. According to governments worldwide, cleaning of the public spaces, such as public restrooms, airports, bus and metro stations, and commercial spaces, has been made mandatory to curb the spread of the virus. This has led to surge in the consumption of hydrogen peroxide in the industry globally due to its excellent disinfecting properties.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Global Hydrogen Peroxide Market

The product also witnessed high demand from various personal care products and cosmetic manufacturers, majorly due to its oxidizing abilities and antimicrobial properties. Europe has evolved as a hub for multinational personal care item producers, such as Loreal, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, and Deutschland GmbH, with their presence across the European marketspace including countries, such as France, U.K., Italy, Germany, and Spain.

In terms of the consumption in the textile sector, Asia Pacific, followed by Europe, has been leading the global market due to increased penetration of fabric manufacturers and detergent formulators. The substance finds key application in the sector as a fabric whitening agent as well as disinfecting agent, which is used after apparel cleaning. Growing awareness among the consumers to adapt to cleanliness is projected to remain a key factor behind industry growth across these regions.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Report Highlights

The bleaching function dominated the market and accounted for the largest revenue share of 35.4% in 2024.

The disinfectant functions are expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2025 to 2030, owing to heightened hygiene awareness, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic.

The pulp and paper application led the hydrogen peroxide market and accounted for the largest revenue share of 33.4% in 2024, primarily driven by its effectiveness as a bleaching agent.

The healthcare segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.4% over the forecast period, owing to its antiseptic and disinfectant properties.

Asia Pacific hydrogen peroxide market dominated the global hydrogen peroxide industry and accounted for the largest revenue share of 40.3% in 2024 attributed to rapid industrialization and urbanization

Browse through Grand View Research's Disinfectants & Preservatives Industry Research Reports.

Activated Bleaching Earth Market: The global activated bleaching earth market size was estimated at USD 2.61 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2025 to 2030.

Biocides For Leather Market: The global biocides for leather market size was valued at USD 589.0 million in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% from 2025 to 2030.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global hydrogen peroxide market report based on grade, function, application, and region:

Hydrogen Peroxide Grade Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

<30%

30%-50%

50%-80%

>80%

Hydrogen Peroxide Function Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Disinfectant

Bleaching

Oxidant

Others

Hydrogen Peroxide Application Outlook (Volume kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Pulp & Paper

Chemical Synthesis

Wastewater Treatment

Mining

Food & Beverage

Personal Care

Healthcare

Textiles

Electronics

Propulsion Systems

Others

Hydrogen Peroxide Regional Outlook (Volume Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East and Africa

Order a free sample PDF of the Hydrogen Peroxide Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[bio3blaster]

Understanding VHP Sterilization: The Future of Sterility with Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide

Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) sterilization is transforming the way industries ensure safety and sterility. This comprehensive guide explores how VHP works, its applications in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology, and the benefits it offers. Learn why VHP is becoming the preferred sterilization method for its effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and ability to decontaminate even the most sensitive materials. Discover how VHP sterilization is shaping the future of infection control and contamination prevention.

[cathartidae]

so, many of you have probably seen news about one of the first recorded severe case of HPAI (avian flu) in humans.

a lot of you who follow me are birders or inatters or adjacent. hence, a lot of you guys have birdfeeders.

from a rehab worker of almost 3 years: Disinfect your goddamn feeders. not only for HPAI but other diseases, such as avian pox, and for the safety of the birds

and of course, heres how!

now here at rehab we use rescue to disinfect, which is a big ol fancy thing that looks like this

for all our stuff. it's about 1-2tbsp rescue per 32oz water. however, most of you guys cant get a hold of it. so, heres some other things suggested by friends & coworkers that will work just as well

-diluted hydrogen peroxide

-bleach (diluted)

etc. in addition, it's best to use the hottest water you can handle in order to kill off more viruses (our industrial washer does up to 200°F, but whatever you can works just as well.)

the most important thing here is to USE GLOVES!!! PLEASE. pair of gloves to wash it and preferably when youre rinsing it use a DIFFERENT pair of gloves so it doesnt get dirty again.

lastly, if youre seeing visibly uninjured dead birds in your yard, lethargic birds at your feeder, red discolouration or growths on exposed skin, blood on your feeder, or anything else you might deem unusual, take down your feeder. the birds will get food elsewhere i promise, just leave it down for two weeks at least and sterilize it using any of the steps above.

also. please dont hand feed birds. yes even ducks. please please ignore what you see on instagram, it only creates more work for rehabbers. this includes trying to camouflage yourself and feed the birds from your hand when they dont know youre a person. it only hurts you and the birds, and yes this includes hummingbirds. do not try and feed birds off of yourself directly. please. thank you

be safe, clean your feeders, and happy birding!

in addition, below is an approximate of the procedure we use at my work to prevent outbreaks in our residents/patients.

changing aprons between birds, esp for personable birds (assimilated to people, like to fly onto you), switch gloves between birds, between touching hoses, etc. spray or dip + scrape shoes into rescue/accel solution before entering enclosures & or buildings. daily mopping w rescue solution, all dishes are hand washed with soap and hot water, then sent into an industrial washer @ 200°F.

[moteldogs]

man I got blood all over my jacket again. c’mon

[blogaarti]

South Africa Hydrogen Peroxide Market :Industry Growth, Size, Trends and Forecast Analysis Report to 2026

The hydrogen peroxide market in South Africa is set to witness significant growth in the coming years, in line with the global market trends. A recent report by Fairfield Market Research projects the global hydrogen peroxide market to reach a revenue size of US$6.6 billion by the end of 2026. With a robust CAGR of 7.3% between 2022 and 2026. 

For More Industry Insights Read: https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/report/hydrogen-peroxide-market

Hydrogen peroxide, renowned for its diverse applications as a bleaching agent and a powerful oxidizer, continues to gain substantial traction across various industries. Its versatility makes it an indispensable component in sectors such as pulp and paper, semiconductors, electronics, and food safety. Moreover, the eco-friendly nature of hydrogen peroxide aligns perfectly with the global call for sustainable production and manufacturing practices, contributing to the anticipated growth of the hydrogen peroxide market. 

The report highlights the strong preference for high-purity concentration grades among industrial end-users, driving the growth of the hydrogen peroxide market. While demand is primarily led by industries such as pulp and paper and chemical synthesis, specialty application areas, including the electronics industry, have emerged as significant contributors to market growth. The electronics industry, particularly the semiconductor sector, relies heavily on hydrogen peroxide as a cleaning agent and an etchant during printed circuit board (PCB) production. The soaring demand for high-purity concentration grades in the semiconductor industry presents new opportunities for hydrogen peroxide market players. 

Water treatment is another major industry that generates substantial demand for hydrogen peroxide, further bolstering market growth. In 2021, Asia Pacific accounted for approximately half of the revenue share in the global hydrogen peroxide market, with South Africa projected to experience rapid growth. The Middle East and Africa region, including South Africa, is expected to witness the fastest market growth. The underpenetrated pulp and paper industry, coupled with the rising demand for textiles and fashion, creates significant opportunities for the hydrogen peroxide market in South Africa. 

While mature markets like North America and Europe maintain stable growth driven by sustained demand in traditional application areas such as pulp and paper and chemical synthesis, certain specialty application segments within these regions are expected to witness growth. These segments include water treatment, food processing, cosmetics, and aquaculture, benefitting from increased environmental awareness and the availability of sustainable alternatives.

The top players steering global hydrogen peroxide market competition, namely Solvay S.A., Arkema S.A., Evonik Industries AG, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, and Nouryon Holding B.V., hold significant control over the market valuation, collectively accounting for more than 75% of the global market share.

The hydrogen peroxide market in South Africa is poised for rapid growth, reflecting the global market trends and the increasing demand for sustainable chemical solutions. 

For More Information Visit:  https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/

[puroxiagriculture]

Agricultural water treatment systems can help to improve the health and productivity of crops, reduce the risk of contamination, and conserve water resources. The specific type of system used will depend on the specific needs and challenges of the farm.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Researchers develop novel method to photosynthesize hydrogen peroxide using water and air

Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a microporous covalent organic framework with dense donor–acceptor lattices and engineered linkages for the efficient and clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the photosynthesis process with water and air. Traditional industrial production of H2O2 via the anthraquinone process using hydrogen and oxygen is highly energy-intensive. This approach employs toxic solvents and expensive noble-metal catalysts and generates substantial waste from side reactions. In contrast, photocatalytic production of H2O2 from oxygen and water offers an energy-efficient, mild, and clean route. Most importantly, it addresses the common drawbacks of existing photocatalytic systems, such as low activity, heavy use of additional alcohol sacrificial donors, and the necessity for pure oxygen gas input.

Read more.

[strangebiology]

Hello! Really enjoy your blog and am looking forward to your book. I’ve got a maybe odd question, my friend had one of her pisiform bones removed recently and is wanting to clean it and turn it into jewelry for herself. (The other will likely be removed later this year when the other hand gets operated on). We’ve been trying to figure out the best way to clean/whiten the bone that won’t soften it, and keep it from smelling. I’m reading hydrogen peroxide is recommended, but seeing different percentages and ratios. I wanted to ask if you’ve got resources you’d recommend or a method you’ve found reliable?

Hello! Congrats to your friend for getting to keep them!

(As I've written about before for PBS Newshour, yes, that's generally legal!)

Human bones would follow the same bone-cleaning guides as non-human animal bones of course. There are many guides online, such as this one from Jake's Bone Blog. Note that whitening is just one part of the cleaning process, but if there's no soft tissue on it at all, or even maybe just a tiny bit, and it's not greasy, you can whiten.

Regarding peroxide percentages, I'm not sure I can specify a number other than "not too much." Many people use half water, half 3% peroxide, the common type from the drug store, for a 1.5% solution. Put it with the bone in a clear container with no metal in it. Sunlight oxidizes peroxide so it will whiten faster(which is why you store it in the dark, you don't want it getting used up until you're ready to use it.) Also, with a clear container, you can more easily check on the bone and see how it's doing.

Personally, I have gotten impatient and just mixed water and food-grade peroxide. (which means that it's used in the food industry to dilute and then clean food packaging, !NOT! that you can eat it--do not consume peroxide!) I have never had a problem doing that as long as I keep an eye on it. If you just have a few small bones it's not worth ordering that much peroxide though, so go with the drugstore stuff. That said, I don't personally think you have to dilute 3% peroxide for a tiny bone because you don't have to fill up a big bucket. Just check on it a few times a day.

Note that it may be done whitening before it looks done because while wet, it looks kind of yellow and greasy. So, when it looks almost done, take it out and dry it, and you might find it's ready to go. If not, soak some more. Generally, bones are not super-duper white in a natural state, so a little bit of cream color is ok for a long-lasting specimen.

Good luck!

[kitten-1128]

Hi! (Some of these are low toxixity, while others are potentially fatal) I spent the past 12 hours researching the different VERY COMMON household chemicals that you should never mix. Don't use this, these are not to be used for self defence or malicious intent. Stay safe:)

PARACETIC ACID [likely potential fatality]

×Peracetic acid is a highly corrosive and reactive chemical that can cause serious injury. It can be dangerous if inhaled, and high or repeated exposure can affect the liver and kidneys.

-Exposure-

Peracetic acid can be irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and skin. Exposure to PAA can cause lacrimation, extreme discomfort, and irritation to the upper respiratory tract.

hydrogen peroxide and vinegar = paracetic acid

>CHLOROFORM [potentially fatal]

×Chloroform is a substance that can be fatal if inhaled or ingested, especially at high concentrations or if taken too quickly

-Exposure-

Lower concentrations:

Dizziness, fatigue, light-headedness, nausea, confusion, and headaches

Higher levels:

Anaesthesia, changes in respiratory rate, cardiac effects, gastrointestinal effects, and effects on the liver and kidneys

Skin contact:

Rash, burning feeling, or dermatitis

Chronic exposure:

Liver damage, kidney damage, skin damage, and central nervous system damage

-Uses-

Chloroform is used recreationally, for suicide, assault, and homicide. It's also been used in occupational environments, manufacturing industries, and laboratories.

Bleach and Rubbing Alcohol = chloroform

>PHOSPHINE [high level Toxicity]

×Phosphine is a colorless, flammable, and highly toxic gas

-Appearance-

Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a strong odor of rotting fish or garlic.

-Toxicity-

Phosphine is a respirable poison that can cause serious effects at doses of 100–190 ppm, and can be fatal at doses of 400–600 ppm

-Hazards

Phosphine is heavier than air and can build up quickly in enclosed, low-lying, or poorly ventilated areas. It can self-ignite and explode.

Certain Pesticides and Water = phosphine gas

>CHLORAMINE [toxic, coma and death] ×Chloramine gas can cause a range of symptoms, including:

Coughing

Nausea

Shortness of breath

Watery eyes

Chest pain

Irritation to the throat, nose, and eyes

Wheezing

Pneumonia and fluid in the lungs

Glass Cleaner and Bleach = The combination of ammonia and bleach’s main ingredient, sodium hypochlorite, produces chloramine vapor

Ammonia and Bleach = chloramine

>CHLORINE GAS [potential fatality, but unlikely]

×Chlorine gas is a toxic, corrosive, and heavy, yellow-green gas with a strong, irritating odor:

-Appearance-

Chlorine gas is a yellow-green gas at room temperature, but it's a clear, amber-colored liquid when pressurized or cooled to below -30°F. -Toxicity-

Chlorine gas can irritate the eyes, throat, lungs, and skin, and it's harmful if swallowed. Chlorine gas can stay in the air for a few minutes to several hours

Different Drain Cleaners = Mixing different drain cleaners can cause the release of chlorine gas and may even lead to an explosion

Mildew Stain Remover and Bleach = chlorine gas

Lysol and Bleach = chlorine gas, The disinfectant Lysol shouldn’t be mixed with bleach. The bleach oxidizes the 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol that is in Lysol, resulting in various irritating and toxic compounds

Oven Cleaner and Bleach = chlorine gas

Vinegar and Bleach = chlorine gas

Bleach and Lemon Juice = chlorine gas

Drain Cleaner and Bleach = chlorine gas

[lonestarflight]

Orbital Sciences X-42 Pop-Up Upper Stage or Upper Stage Flight Experiment (USFE)

"In the 1996/1997 time frame, the U.S. Air Force began to define plans for building blocks of a future Military Spaceplane (MSP) system. The full scope of these plans came to public attention in January 1998, when the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate (VS) requested proposals from the industry to study various aspects of advanced military space technology. This included research related to a potential MSP system. The latter was to cover concepts for RLVs (Reusable Launch Vehicles), SMVs (Space Manoeuver Vehicles, see X-37/X-40), so-called CAVs (Common Aero Vehicles, see X-41/Falcon) and finally pop-up upper stages. Pop-up upper stages were defined as rocket stages, which could be used by RLVs or ELVs (Expendable Launch Vehicles) to boost payloads to their final orbits and/or to perform orbital manoeuvers.

Earlier, in 1997, the AFRL had already begun a formal program to develop a pop-up upper-stage, named the Modular Insertion Stage (MIS). The MIS was defined as an expendable, low-cost, liquid-fueled upper stage, which could be scaled by using one to three rocket engines (hence the 'modular' label) to suit all expected user needs. It had already been determined in AFRL-sponsored studies in 1997 by TRW and Rocketdyne, that the best-suited propellants for the requirements (storable, non-toxic fuels) would be hydrogen peroxide and kerosene. Subsequently, AFRL cooperated with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in funding and management of further development of the MIS. MSFC had its 'Bantam' low cost lift program running since 1997, and this provided a suitable contractual framework for the MIS effort. It was decided to build an MIS flight demonstrator, called Upper Stage Flight Experiment (USFE), and Orbital Sciences Corp. (OSC) was eventually awarded a contract to design and build the USFE. At some time in late 1997 or early 1998, the designation X-42A was officially allocated to an expendable demonstrator for pop-up upper-stage technology. However, this designation has so far not been further used in any official announcements, and therefore it is unclear if it will be actually applied to the USFE project (in fact, that doesn't appear too likely; see RLV section below).

Construction and component testing of the USFE prototype proceeded through mid-2003 on a relatively low-key basis. However, in that year a tank failure during a helium pressurization test completely destroyed the engine. Since then, a second prototype has been built, but propellant tank leakage problems have again delayed the program. If tests with a new tank, scheduled for early 2006, are successful, the USFE could be ready for a flight demonstration by May 2007. For this test, the USFE would be fitted as the third stage on top of a two-stage booster provided by OSC (most likely the first two stages of a retired Minuteman missile).

X-42 RLV Demonstrator

The X-42 designator has also been unofficially used by the AFRL and the industry in 2002 for a possible RLV demonstrator. Orbital Sciences Corp. (OSC) has presented a design, which is based on its Multi-Role Reusable Vehicle (MRRV) concept, a winged vehicle powered by a single RS-27 rocket engine. The significance of the use of 'X-42' for this proposal is not quite clear, but it appears to emphasize that the vehicle could be a reusable solution to the upper stage requirement.

OSC X-42 RLV Demonstrator

By 2003, this design had slightly evolved, featuring a single vertical tail on the fuselage instead of the wingtip fins. A single CAV (Common Aero Vehicle) could be carried atop the fuselage and launched in space. OSC's X-42 was equipped with a conventional tricycle landing gear and a braking parachute in the aft fuselage. The vehicle was designed for versatile trajectories and short turn-around time on the ground (14 days), making it a true 'space launch workhorse'.

The X-42 label has also been informally used in a few papers and presentations to refer to other proposed test vehicles related to RLV and TSTO (Two Stage To Orbit) technology. The acronym RAST (Reusable Access to Space Technology) has also been mentioned together with X-42. All said, it looks as if the X-42 designation is currently not tied to a specific program or vehicle."

Information from Andreas Parsch: link

source, source

[bio3blaster]

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[queenofbaws]

thinkin about the au where the ud kids are also councillors at hacketts quarry..... wouldnt it be just Such bad luck if one of Them got werewolfified?? dealers choice who, i just thought it would be fun :]

((uh oh, this was just supposed to be six sentence sat(or)sunday!!!))

“So…anyone else getting mad déjà vu right now, or is that just me?” Save a few furious glares shot over shoulders, no one seemed especially interested in dealing with Mike at just that moment. He shrugged the worst of it off, then went back to circling the lodge, rattling doorknobs and window frames to make sure everything was locked up tight. “Just me then. Cool. Cool, cool, cool. Good talk, team.”

One might’ve expected that the lodge would feel empty with all the campers gone for the season, that the railings and dark eaves above them might’ve given the place a hollow, echoey feeling…but empty tables and vacant coat hooks be damned, the lodge had never felt smaller. Panic and confusion had narrowed the space until the woodgrain became smothering, choking, a prison smelling of pinesap and industrial grade disinfectant and, now that they’d gotten Nick laid out, blood. It was a madhouse. A charnel house.

Or it would’ve been, had the older counselors not been so nonchalant.

Sam was the first to step forward (surprising no one), tying her hair back out of her face with a few snappy twists of her wrist. The Hacketteers had seen it happen a few times during the summer, the imaginary switch that occasionally got flipped inside of her, transforming her five-foot-nothing frame into the towering presence of a military official; she knelt down beside Nick alongside Abi and Kaitlyn, and as she got a better look at his leg, her cheeks hollowed in thought. When she spoke, it wasn’t with the calm, sunshiney voice they’d all grown accustomed to, but an authoritative snap that left little room for argument. “Nurse Kelly’s office,” she said to Kaitlyn, making sure to hold her gaze as she gave the assignment. “Hydrogen peroxide from the cabinet, gauze from the bottom left drawer, and then bandages. If you can’t find bandages, get tape. Go.”

After one last sympathetic look towards Abi, Kaitlyn was off, bounding towards the nurse’s office with force enough to make her sneakers squeak on the hardwood. Sam wasted no time; she turned first over her right shoulder then the left, her lips tracing the silent headcount she was running. “Eleven,” she muttered, tapping her own chest before running the count again and coming up with the same thing. “Eleven? I—okay, wait, who’re we missing?”

“Um, um Emma,” stammered Abi, her voice shaking like a leaf in a windstorm and her body not much better off. Her bare knees poked through the tears in her tights where she knelt on the floor, the skin red and raw from where she’d fallen, though that seemed to be the worst of her injuries. “E-Emma’s down at the…at the lake, and Jacob went to get her. I…right?” Her stare had been so far-off when she’d come tumbling out of the woods and into the circle of the firepit, and only now did it seem to focus, or sharpen at the very least, as though having four walls and a ceiling surrounding her was what it had taken to wake her up. Even though she kept both of her hands tightly wrapped around one of Nick’s, she wrenched her eyes away from him to look at Ashley instead. “Right?”

At first, all she could do was nod, her lower lip was so deep in her mouth. When she let it go (with an almost audible pop! at that) it was red and inflamed from her biting it. “Right,” she picked up, nodding with a tense sort of precision. “Jacob went to get Emma at the lake, and Matt and Jess went with him just in case he ran into that…um, guy he was talking about. The hunter, or whatever.”

His circuit complete, Mike gave the front door one last heave-ho before joining the rest of them. “So I’ll say it again: Déjà vu, table for however-the-fuck-many?”

From one of the tables, Chris lifted his head out of his hands. “Dude. Let it rest, okay? A-a-and that’s coming from me, all right? Just…drop it. Seriously.”

“This is bad.” There was the sound of footfalls as Kaitlyn came running back into the main room with her arms full of supplies, and even still it was Dylan most of them turned towards, Dylan who had been hanging back near the fireplace since they’d gotten in. “This is bad, bad, bad…look, I’m telling you guys, okay? You can call me crazy, whatever, I don’t care, this?!” He stopped his anxious pacing long enough to slice a hand through the air in Nick’s direction. “This isn’t normal. Guy gets attacked in the middle of Buttfuck, Nowhere by some…thing Abi draws to look like my sleep paralysis demon on steroids, it’s oozing black shit, and we’re just…what? We’re just not gonna say it?”

“Dylan,” Sam and Kaitlyn warned, sounding less a Greek chorus and more a couple of exasperated mothers.

He held both his hands up as if to acknowledge their scorn…and continued anyway. “This is horror movie shit. Legit fucking horror movie shit, and I don’t care if you guys think I’m a maniac or whatever, but I am telling you, we shouldn’t be bandaging that, we should just be cutting it o—”

“Dylan!” Kaitlyn snapped a second time, throwing him a frantic glare from where she bent over Nick’s leg. “You’re not helping!”

“No one is cutting anyone’s anything off,” Sam piped in. “Completely glossing over the fact Nurse Kelly never stopped to give any of us pointers on impromptu amputation, I’d just like to go on the record as saying immediately chopping body parts off when freaked out is a bad idea in general.”

She wasn’t looking anywhere near him, but Mike was more than happy to take the opportunity to flip two of the fingers he did still have Sam’s way.

“Fuck,” Nick breathed, his spine arcing impossibly when Sam splashed the hole in his leg with peroxide. He grit his teeth, squeezed Abi’s hands until she squealed – though from shock alone or pain, none of them could immediately tell – and screwed his eyes shut tight as the blood and tissue exposed to the open air sizzled and bubbled and foamed. “Fuckin’…I’m right here! Don’t talk about this shit like I’m not here!”

The pain in his voice should’ve been enough to end the conversation full-stop. It would’ve been enough, had it only been the younger counselors in the lodge.

He hadn’t said much since the firepit, and for that most of their number were grateful. When Josh did deign to throw his two cents into the mix, though…gratitude was the farthest thing from anyone’s mind. “Ives is right.”

“Shocker,” Mike muttered under his breath, joining Emily over near the windows.

“Josh. Don’t—”

“No, shut up. The facts of the matter are these: One.” And because he was who he was, he took two steps up onto one of the open tables, somehow managing to bring the audience’s attention to himself despite Nick bleeding out on the floor. “There’s something attacking people out in the woods. A bad start, I think we can all agree. Two. Whatever it is, it’s hungry, or at the very least, it’s teething. Now I don’t know about any of you guys, but I’ve seen my fair share of hickies and love bites in my time, and whatever the fuck did that…” As Dylan had before him, Josh pointed towards the wound Kaitlyn and Sam were trying (and failing) to dress. “…its mouth was a little bigger than we would like. Fair to say? Three. I’m sorry Nicky-baby, but you’re not looking so good right now.”

“Josh!” That time Sam got up, pushing herself from the floor to stomp over towards him. She grabbed the hem of his shirt and tugged, throwing off his balance and causing him to stumble to catch himself before he fell off the table entirely. “This is so not the time for – ”

“So you’ve got an explanation for all the black gunk, then? That what I’m hearing, Sammy?” He lifted his arms in a theatrical shrug, then let them drop to his sides. “Look at him. Look at him. We can see every vein in his goddamn body because of that crap. He looks like an anatomical model of a zombie plague victim. What’s the point in pretending – ”

“The point is,” she interrupted, each syllable clipped and final, “until we know what’s going on, we shouldn’t be scaring people.”

For a moment, brief and shining, it seemed maybe Josh was going to back down. Then he held up another finger. “Four,” he continued, looking away from Sam to search out all the others’ eyes instead. “Any of you aspiring astronomers take a gander up at the sky tonight, perchance? Notice anything…interesting, maybe?”

On the floor, Nick thrashed, succeeding in shoving Abi away from him, but not quite managing to throw Kaitlyn from his leg. Other than that, there was silence as the counselors fought to make sense of what Josh was saying.

“I mean…it’s a full moon,” Ryan offered. “But I don’t – ”

“Oh my God, it’s a full moon!” Like someone had stuck her with a pin, Ashley’s whole body shot back, back, back and away from Nick. She moved with the lightning speed of the truly panicked, nearly jumping the full length of the lodge to join Chris, Josh, and Dylan over by the fireplace. “It’s werewolves. Oh my God, it’s werewolves. It’s…oh jeez Louise, this is…” Only once she’d been enveloped by the guys did she stop raking her fingers down her face. When finally she spoke again, her voice had taken on a terrifying calmness. “We’ve got to cut his leg off.”

“Thank you! This is what I’m saying!”

“I—will you guys shut up?” Pushing himself away from the far wall, Ryan threw his arms out wide. “Do you hear yourselves? Werewolves?”

There was nothing especially friendly in the look Josh leveled at him as he asked, “What? Not, uh…bizarre or bona fide enough for you? Is that it?”

Nick’s injured leg spasmed as if it were a dying animal struggling to fight off a hunter, and the impact knocked Kaitlyn’s breath from her lungs. She went sprawling, moving her hands towards her ribs as if to grab at them, but hesitating to actually touch them once they began to throb. “Jesus Christ, Nick!” she gasped, using the rubber soles of her shoes to push herself along the floor, putting more distance between them. “I’m trying to help! I know it hurts – you gotta…”

He didn’t have much to say to that, it seemed, except a succinct, “Fuck off, Kaitlyn!”

As Sam and Abi both rushed to help her up, the others continued their grim debate; unfortunately for Ryan (and, in all honesty, Nick), one side was clearly louder than the other.

“In what world do you think werewolves – actual freaking werewolves – are real?”

“Uh, point of order,” Chris interjected, “you seem to be forgetting who you’re talking to, so hey, just real quick, ahem…hi, I’m Chris, this is Josh, this is Ashley, and we survived a cannibalistic monster attack back in 2015! Jesus Christ, did any of you guys listen to a word we said during ice breakers? Holy shit.”

“Not to take away from the argument or anything, buuut just FYI, we were all very much in agreement you guys were making that shit up completely.”

“…you what?”

“Yeah,” Dylan nodded. “We laughed about it after lights-out and everything. I mean…whoops. Obviously, whoops. I’d like to go on the record as saying I owe you guys a big old ‘my bad’ once we’re out of this shitshow, but…yeah. Definitely…definitely thought you were making that stuff up.”

There were a million things they could’ve said to that revelation. A million things between them. And still what ended up actually coming out was: “Mike cut two of his fingers off!”

“It’s true. I did. And look where it got me.”

“Really moving up in the world, aren’t you Michael?” She hadn’t had the slightest desire to join in the reindeer games, but there was only so much theatricality and tension Emily could resist. She turned away from the window and took the scene in with her arms folded tightly across her chest, one of her hands tucked neatly away beneath the crook of her elbow. There, near the fireplace, was the witch hunting committee; there, in the middle of the blood-streaked floor, were Nick and his three would-be nurses; and smack between the two factions was Ryan, dour and exasperated as always. “Mike’s right,” she said, and was then forced to deal with the indignity of him grinning and pumping his fist beside her. “This shitty one-act is familiar. And I for one am not dealing with it a second time.”

“Emily,” and man oh man, Sam was wondering if she was going to get to say anything tonight that wasn’t just her sounding out her friends’ names in increasingly frustrated tones, “look, I know things are weird right now, but – ”

“It’s not werewolves.”

Josh’s eyebrows went up. “Oh? Oh! Well, by all means, your majesty, please! Inform us lowly peons of the esoteric knowledge you’ve been withholding from us. I mean, after all, it’s not like any of us are experts on the subject or anything. Not like anyone in this room was literally raised on horror lore.”

They were too far away from one another to do anything about it, but when Sam and Mike locked eyes, it was immediately clear they both knew what was about to happen. There was no reason for that, nothing that could explain the bolt of understanding that ran through them, and yet there it was, plain as day – déjà vu, serendipity, kismet, fate, bad luck, whatever you wanted to call it, they both saw it rear its ugly head at precisely the same moment.

The moment, as it turned out, where Emily pulled her hand free from under her arm. “Whatever that ugly motherfucker was, it got me too.” The lights were off, there was hardly any illumination to speak of, and even so, there was no missing the jagged, shallow teeth marks jagging across her hand. There wasn’t as much blood as there had been on Nick’s leg, though there was a fair amount, and whatever that black stuff was, her wrist seemed to be shot through with it too.

“Guys.” It was only the stunned silence that had come over them at Emily’s admission that allowed Nick to be heard; his voice was a wet, phlegmy gasp caught deep in his chest. “Guys? I don’t…”

“It got me too,” Emily continued, “and look at me! I’m fine! I don’t feel sick, or infected with anything, or – ”

“Oooh no. Oh no no no no no! You are so…no!” As quick as she’d been to hide herself behind them, Ashley burst out from behind the guys to round on them instead, pointing frantically towards Emily as her words spilled out of her. “This is what I was trying to keep from happening last time!”

“…last time?” Ryan asked, only to be spoken over.

“They’re both bitten! They’re both infected! They’re going to change, or turn, or…or whatever, and when they do, you know what’s going to happen? They’re going to kill us! They’re going to kill all of us, and I didn’t make it off that stupid freaking mountain just to die here in the middle of some awful, sweaty, mosquito-filled woods!”

“Ashley…”

“You. Have. Got. To. Be. Kidding. Me.” Mike made a swipe for Emily, meaning to hold her back. Whether it had been a real effort, though, or one just meant for show…that was anyone’s guess, because she easily evaded him and marched her way over to the others, countering each of Ashley’s moves as though trying to bully her in a narrow school hallway. “How many times do you think you get to spearhead the ‘Let’s kill Emily’ committee before I haul off and wipe the ground with your sorry ass?”

“I really, uh…” Nick’s gasps had turned to panting, each breath uncomfortably wet on the inhale. “I really don’t…feel good…”

Ashley took a step back towards the guys and Emily took two forward; she sidestepped and Emily turned with her. “I-I was wrong last time,” she admitted, and while her eyes were huge and glassy with fear, her chin was high and her voice was resolute.

“You don’t fucking say.”

“But this is what I was afraid of! You become a werewolf when you’re bitten by one! That’s how it works! Everyone knows that’s how it works!”

“Oh yeah?” And before anyone could react, even to breathe, Emily lashed out with her uninjured hand, grabbed Ashley by the wrist, and brought her hand to her mouth. She bit down once, hard, letting go before she could taste blood but well after she felt the meaty crunch of tissue damage. “Then welcome to the party, bitch.”

“Déjà vu check?” Mike asked the room, and that time, Chris raised his hand. “Yeah. Yeah, that’s what I thought. Okay, look, shit’s…shit’s pretty fucked right now, I’m not even gonna lie, but Sam has a point, all right, you guys? Until we have some kind of proof that something spooky’s really afoot, then I don’t think we should – ”

It was Abi who screamed first, bringing their attention back to Nick. By then, it was too late. They turned just in time to see a tear, then two, then three, open in his skin, stretching wide to show the wet, raw muscle beneath as though he were simply wearing a human-suit several sizes too small for him. With one final heave of his body (and the horrendous sound of gore hitting the floor and walls and, God help them all, ceiling), something hulking and monstrous and sharp burst out of him like a moth from a cocoon, spreading not wings but limbs so long and so large as to defy all logic. It stared at them with eyes that winked gold and red in the darkness, then threw back its head and let out a sound like none of them had ever heard before.

Only then did Sam raise her hand, already starting to walk backwards. “This is starting to get familiar,” she admitted, grabbing Abi by the back of her shirt and hauling her to her feet, “this is starting to get really, really, really familiar, now that you mention it.”

Shock alone rooted the younger counselors to the spot, the older ones held still more by muscle memory and the hope what had kept them alive before would keep them alive now…but then Emily snatched Ashley up by both of her wrists and yanked her close enough to act as a human shield, breaking their stunned silence with a shrill, “Someone shoot her before she turns into one of those things!”

“You bit me!” she shrieked in response, struggling to reach behind herself and get a handful of Emily’s hair. When she couldn’t wriggle out of her grasp, she settled for stomping down on her instep as hard as she could, and if it hadn’t been for Mike and Chris both grabbing them and physically dragging them away, the thing that had very recently been Nick would’ve likely sliced through them both with a furious swipe of its claws.

“Holy shit, holy shit!”

“Yeah, welcome to our world,” someone said glumly, either Chris or Josh, it was honestly hard to tell.

“There’s a…there’s a fucking monster…right there!”

“Wow, gee, thanks!”

“And they’re just…going to fight each other?! Even though it’s…it’s right…”

“Like we said,” and that time it was Chris, his voice strained as he tried to physically slide himself between Ashley and Emily to keep them apart, “welcome to our fucking world!”

“Fuck me, I sure hope Mr. H has this place insured,” Mike said, and though he knew it did more harm that good, he let go of Emily to let Chris deal with her, choosing instead to pat himself down until he found the lighter stashed in his pocket. “Because I don’t know about you assholes, but I sure remember how this part goes.”