#Hydrogen Breath Test

[research-89]

https://cynochat.com/read-blog/170559_hydrogen-breath-test-analyzer-market-size-share-and-forecast-2031.html

[soumyafwr]

Hydrogen Breath Test Analyzer Market 

[kaiijo]

Hii!! I loved the idea of the spotify wrapped event and I also loved your one piece one shots! Can I request 41 x Law? If you dont write for him you can write for Zoro or whoever you think would be fitting :)

IVY — TRAFALGAR LAW

trafalgar law + Oh, I can’t stop you putting roots in my dreamland content: gn! reader, canon-typical descriptions of violence, references to law’s past notes: thanks so much for your kind words! hope you enjoy this drabble!

request a character and prompt for my spotify wrapped event here!

law is no stranger to nightmares. he’s accustomed to jolting awake, staring wide-eyed at the ceiling, chest heaving with anxiety and fear. he tries to remember what his parents used to tell him to calm his racing heart: inhale for four seconds, hold for seven, exhale in a count of eight. 

in. hold. out.

in. hold. out.

law doesn’t sleep a lot anymore, always locked in his office late at night, poring over books about anatomy and medicine and illnesses. it’s mostly because he’s working, the insomnia, but he knows there’s a part of him that’s almost scared to sleep — that doesn’t want to see looped images of dead bodies, feel the heat of erupting flames, hear the sounds of gunshots. 

law watches as you and penguin duck under a round of marine gunfire, diving for cover behind a building. civilians draw their shutters closed. the crew’s gotten what they need from the town, now it’s a matter of getting out. 

you sprint out from your hiding place, penguin hot on your heels. there’s another rain of bullets and law’s stomach lurches when he sees red dribbling down your arm, skin grazed by the bullet. he needs to get you two out of there now.

law lifts a hand. “room. shambles.” he switches you and penguin out for an empty crate and just like that, the two of you are standing safe on the polar tang’s deck. you’re both breathing hard, penguin resting his hands on his knees. you grab at your arm and law can tell that whatever adrenaline has been pumping through your veins is starting to wear off; you wince at the cut on your arm, your palm stained with blood. 

law gets the crew mobilized fast, everyone hustling to get the below deck so the polar tang can submerge. law swiftly and efficiently takes down the remaining marines, heading down below as the submarine sinks below the water.

he finds you heading for the washroom. he calls your name and you whirl around quickly. “captain,” you greet him.

“follow me.” law makes sure his tone leaves no room for argument and you shuffle behind him as he walks to the operating room.

you frown when you enter the room. “captain, i really don’t think my injury warrants an opera—”

he sighs heavily. “i’m not operating. just want to get somewhere more sterile. sit on the table.”

you obey easily and law opens up a cabinet, grabbing hydrogen peroxide, a roll of bandages, and antibiotic cream. he also picks up a sterilized pair of tweezers. when he turns around, you’re already shrugging out of your boiler suit, twitching as the fabric rubs against your wound. 

law approaches, doing is best to keep his eyes on the wound and not on the exposed skin you revealed. when you joined the crew, law had never been more thankful to himself for making the boiler suits uniform. he doesn’t know if he could focus otherwise.

he examines the wound, looking closely to see if there are any bits of debris or fabric stuck in it. when he doesn’t see anything, law soaks a sterile pad in hydrogen peroxide and presses it against your graze. you make a high-pitched, wounded sound that cuts right through law’s heart and he tries his best to tenderly but thoroughly clean the wound. you flinch, gritting your teeth and hissing, “you really must hate me, captain.” 

you let out a pained laugh that lets law know you were joking but your statement still makes him frown. if only you knew just how much the opposite was true.

law sighs again, wrapping the bandage roll around your arm and snapping off a piece, securing it. you test the motion of your arm and law asks, “too tight?”

“no, it’s good.” you hop off the table. “thanks, doc.”

“i’ll need to check that every few days,” he tells you, “to watch for infection.”

“sounds good! guess we’ll be seeing a lot of each other.” you shoot him a cheeky smile and thank him again as you slip out of the room. law is rooted to his spot, feeling heat climb up his neck. you faint scent lingers — cinnamon shampoo and apple soap.

law’s heart skips a beat.

late into the night, law sits at his desk in his office, doing is best trying to focus on the medical text in front of him. he thinks about the smoothness of your skin and the way your eyes curve into half-moons when you smile. he drags a hand down his face. 

he needs to focus. he needs to not think about you. he needs to think about bones and hairline fractures and how fast the human heart can go before it—

law hears footsteps and he knows it’s you, beckoning you in even before you can announce your arrival and knock on the door. you swing it open, smiling brightly at him. gods, he swears you hold moonbeams in your grin.

“right as always,” you say as you close the door behind yourself. 

“do you need something? is it your arm?”

you shake your head. “no, just thought i’d check up on you. knew you’d still be up.”

law offers a wry smile. “no rest of the wicked.”

“i’d agree with you, but you’re not wicked, captain.”

law raises an eyebrow in surprise. he is wicked — it’s a known fact. everything he touches is destroyed eventually. when he doesn’t reply, you continue, “you look out for everyone, you’re a doctor for gods’ sakes.”

“so? bad people can do good things.”

your moonbeam smile falls and your expression turns stern. “you care for us, captain, all of us in a way that no one truly wicked ever would. don’t talk about yourself that way. ”

his heart’s in his throat and he’s desperately trying to swallow it down. “okay.”

you nod firmly and then bring your hand up to hide your yawning mouth. law tells you, “you should get some rest.”

“i came here to get you to go to sleep.”

“don’t worry about me.”

you cross your arms. “i’m not going to sleep until you do.”

law levels you with a stare and you gaze right back, unwavering in your conviction. you two stare for a good few seconds. he can see the way your eyes shimmer. it doesn’t seem that you’re backing down. law breaks the connection and sighs, “fine. let’s go.”

he puts away his books and papers and the two of you head down the hallway. he tries to guide you to your room first but you say, “nope. i want to make sure you actually go to sleep.” so you head for his quarters first. 

you come to his door and you say, “you better get some sleep. a healthy, well-rested captain is vital for an efficient and successful crew.”

“i know.” 

he basks in the comfortable silence that falls over the pair of you. then, you yawn again and he orders you off to bed yourself. you smile sleepily at him, your eyes form crescents again as you do so. “alright, i’m off then.” you turn and begin to walk away. over your shoulder, you call softly, “good night, law.”

he bids you good night and steps inside his room, door shutting behind him. it’s in there, as he’s changing into pajamas, that he realizes. 

it’s the first time you said ‘law,’ not ‘captain.’

your voice repeats like a record in his head. law. law. law. his heart thunders in his chest.

for the first time in a long time, law isn’t afraid to fall asleep. instead of the screaming nightmares he usually faces, he’s met with a different image as he drifts off. 

in a tender, hazy light, law dreams of you.

[thecruxarm]

Nothing too fancy, just started doodling to test out different brushes and ended up making it into a full thing lol

I suppose this can serve as a messy introduction, but an introduction nonetheless, to one of the many sophont aliens in Ruminaaan Theomachy. These guys are known as the Tuiouli, hydrogen-breathing worms with two faces, one on each end of their body (like that oictured above). Theyre the smallest of all my other intelligent aliens, only ever reaching between 35 and 85 centimeters at the longest

Theres much more to these guys but ill leave all of it to future posts once i have more important parts and context for my setting established lol, but i will accept asks if you have any! Aside from that, i just wanted to post this because i like how it came out :)

[mindblowingscience]

Using meteorites from Mars, an AI-powered robot chemist synthesized compounds that could be used to generate oxygen from water, scientists announced on Monday (Nov. 13). Potential future crewed missions to Mars will need oxygen — not just for astronauts to breathe, but also for use as rocket propellant. One key way to make such missions cost-effective in the long run is to use resources that already exist on the Red Planet to create the oxygen. That'd be much easier than lugging a bunch of oxygen, and oxygen-producing materials, all the way from Earth. The idea is promising because Mars does possess significant reserves of frozen water ice — because water is made of hydrogen and oxygen, scientists have been looking for ways to harvest the latter element from those Martian reserves. In particular, compounds known as catalysts are capable of spurring chemical reactions that "split" water molecules to generate oxygen and hydrogen gas. In a new study, researchers experimented with an AI chemist to produce some of those water-splitting catalysts — most importantly, these tests were conducted with materials found on Mars. The team focused on five different categories of Martian meteorites, which are rocks that crashed down on Earth after cosmic impacts blasted them off the Red Planet.

Continue Reading.

[freebooter4ever]

so i got my breath test results back today and i officially have s*ibo - specifically hydrogen (thank goodness no methane). and im still processing this info and i dont know what to do next to treat it but....yeah. its not all in my head, i have bacteria lol

im feeling stronger and stronger and walking further and further btw. yesterday i cleaned all day standing up (hardest thing for potsies to do - stand still), today i went almost six blocks total without compression tights. tomorrow im going to rest <3

[roo-bastmoon]

Quicky links & contract renewal thoughts

Popping in very quickly because I am at the hospital all day today taking an eight-hour hydrogen breath test!

I brought my Beyond the Story with me so I can get some reading done!!

By now, you've likely heard the news that contract renewals are happening. There's some debate over whether this article is just about the Board of Trustees signing a resolution to renew (which, considering the millions it will likely involve, would require a resolution). And Joon posted on Insta about his contract, which is encouraging.

I am not sure that Jin or Hobi can technically sign while they are in service; maybe they can, but all profits might have to go into a trust or something until they are discharged, I don't know.

I do know it's very unlikely that Hybe would do this level of "media play" and risk investors coming at them with a class action lawsuit over misrepresenting expected profits.

So I'm taking this as happy news, very encouraging. I'm sure the boys are smart and strong enough to negotiate the best deals and I remain hopeful that important lessons were learned about how to handle rollouts in the future.

To that end, in view of the fact that Hybe has donated a billion Korean won to UNICEF to celebrate the news, ARMY is matching a billion. Please join us if you can--even a dollar makes a big difference when we all give together!

Donate: https://help.unicef.org/help-save-childrens-lives-donate-once-unicef?language=en……

Fill Out OIAA Form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdfRx8vE6iRJ3pysqxNc16EMUpDo6xav9PEwcxux9b4zhQkyQ/viewform……

And while I have you here, Jimin is in second place for this contest which is simply unacceptable. There's unlimited voting, so please help out if you can and thank you!

Going back into hibernation but sending you all love! Yours, Roo

[moon-alight]

can I request , maki helping out with studies ? just fluff

Sure thing <3 Here ya go!

Masterlist

Chemistry - &Team Maki

Synopsis: You have an important exam and your very sweet boyfriend helps you study for it

Warnings: fluff, a bit of teasing

Word Count: 701

Chemistry seemed to be a very important subject and somehow you weren't sure you would nail the exam that was coming up even though you worked hard to remember all the elements of the periodic table.

You were also pretty sure that there were many more important studies yet nobody taught you those. In life, chemistry would be the least of your worries, let's be honest.

"Good evening, sweetheart. What are you up to?" Maki asked as he walked inside the living room where you sat with your books open everywhere.

"Rollerskating." You replied sarcastically to which Maki rolled his eyes. "Studying for my upcoming chemistry test." You added honestly.

"Chemistry, yeah, I remember that." Maki mumbled and sat down next to you. He liked the subject just as much as you did. "Periodic table?"

"Yep." You showed him your book in which he seemed to read some of the notes you had written down on sticky notes. "I need to know like all of these stupid elements but I'm pretty sure I won't be able to do so."

"Why not?" Maki asked, looking up at you. "You are very smart, I'm sure you get this in your head in no-time."

"I have been studying this for weeks and still cannot recall a single one."

"Not even one?"

"Well, I know helium and maybe magnesium but that's all." You told him to which Maki hummed once more.

"I have an idea on how to get this information inside that pretty little head of yours." Maki said and stood up to get his phone. You frowned for a moment.

Suddenly, out of nowhere, music began to play through his phone speaker and you heard a low voice begin the intro to what you imagined would be a song.

"And now AsapScience presents the elements of the periodic table."

You looked at Maki who began to dance to the beat of the music before the voice started singing. You couldn't help but laugh at this.

"There's Hydrogen and Helium Then Lithium, Beryllium Boron, Carbon everywhere Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe And Fluorine for your pretty teeth Neon to light up the signs Sodium for salty times

Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus Then Sulfur, Chlorine, and Argon Potassium and Calcium, so you'll grow strong Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium And Chromium and Manganese"

The song went on and you were sure you would be dying of lack of oxygen soon because of how hard you were laughing. Maki continued to dance along in the weirdest way possible but honestly, it was a good idea. When the song ended, Maki joined you on the couch again.

"With this you will learn the periodic table in no-time. I'm sure you'll be just fine." Maki told you and handed you his phone to replay the song.

"You know I have my exam in two days, right?" You asked him to which he hummed.

"I learn our new songs in 24 hours, you can do too."

"You're gonna help me with this, right?"

"Of course." Maki told you and took your book. "Play the song!" You chuckled and began to play the song once more.

Before you knew it, you had replayed it a dozen of times and unconsciously began to sing along. Maki made you read your notes while you listened to the point where you managed to sing along to every word at the end of the two hour study session.

"Ununtrium, Flerovium Ununpentium, Livermorium Ununseptium, Ununoctium And then we're done"

You finished and smiled up at Maki who smirked down at you with a proud smile. He really did know his stuff and you were grateful to have him help you.

The two of you jumped up and celebrated the fact that you managed to learn the entire song in such a short amount of time. Maki hugged you and kissed your cheek, happily.

"I have never seen two nerds be so happy about nerdy stuff." Nicholas commented as he watched the two of you from the door.

"Well, these two nerds are about to pass their chemestry test!" You said back to which Nicholas rolled his eyes.

"Have fun you morons."

[asteroidtroglodyte]

[what am i]

Mutant

It is 2004. Is the Geiger Counter heavy because it’s Old Tech, or because it’s a Geiger Counter? I do not ask the question aloud. My father is talking. I rotate it in my hands, examining it. He is talking about his father. The Geiger counter is a relic of my grandfather’s military service. It is older than me. It is older than my school. It is older than my father. I turn it on. A red light glows. The dial fidgets. “Are we safe?” I ask aloud, as it softly, slowly ticks. “Are we ever?” My father answers. My look of horror is met with laughter.

It is 1999. There is a photo of a mushroom cloud rising out of a deep blue ocean. It sits inconspicuously in a wooden frame near my grandfathers chair. I stare at it. I have recently learned about atomic weapons in an abstract sort of way in school. My grandmother speaks. “Your grandfather took that picture.”

It is 2002. “These are some of my favorite books.” My father believes I am old enough for his old novels. The entire John Carter of Mars. Asimov, Bradbury, Clarke. Foundation & Empire. Edgar Rice Burroughs. Tarzan.

It is 1971. My father hunts wild pigs. Dogs he has raised from puppies explicitly for this purpose rustle through the jungle ahead of him. He is like the pigs, the descendants of Europeans on tour, left behind by boats bearing death. He is armed only with a large knife and his dogs. He survives.

It is 1955. My father plays with the Geiger counter that I will hold in my hands one day. It is humid and hot inside the Quonset hut. My father points it at my grandfather. The dial dances; the machine goes tickticktick. My grandmother is sleeping, or trying to; migraines take her out for days at a time, sharp pain and vivid halos exacerbated by the tropical sun. The noise wakes her, and my grandfather takes the Geiger counter away.

It is 2009. “Weird.” Not the sort of thing you want your doctor to say. “Has your heart always done that?” I ask him to explain what he means. “Oh, it’s just, it’s… beating… funny?” He indicates some squiggles on a monitor, as if I could see the patterns as he did. “Do you mind if we run some tests?” I would be a fool to decline.

It is 1977. My father watches the stars. The sea is still. He has turned off the lights on his boat, and the nearest artificial light is over the horizon. He eats fish he caught during the day. He comes to land to get the supplies he cannot catch; tools made of metal; rope, line, medicine. He spends seven years on that boat, going from island to island. He survives.

It is 2019. My father puts dilute hydrogen peroxide in his water bottle. We dress and depart. He hike through the craggy desert highlands, rich browns and ambers of the desert varnish broken by the occasional brilliance of a tarantula hawk. The local wildlife is smart enough to seek shelter at this time of day, but we are Sons of Empire and ignore the sun, like Adam turning his back on God. We traipse over broken boulders, fighting gravity for a scenic view. He tells me about the past between breaths; this mountain was sacred, once. Those who sanctified it are dead now. The way he talks, you would think that he killed them himself. The breeze is hot and dry on the ridge top. Looking down on the valley below, he drinks deeply from the bottle. He offers me some. “Extra oxygen” he says, with the air of someone sharing valuable advice. Tentatively, I take a sip: It is slippery, and burns slightly. My 70 year old father climbs back down from the mountains with me. We pretend the desert sun does not exist.

It is 1946. The War is Over. The Good Guys have won; or so the story goes. My grandmother is newly married, and loves her husband very much. Once, she had been a daydreaming farm girl, a fan of the Wizard of Oz books; She feels like Dorothy, transported, when her husband’s work whisks them away from rural California to The Pacific. They’re working on something big, he says, but loose lips sink ships and he says nothing else.

It is 1949. The migraines are paralyzing. The doctor tells her she is pregnant, and her mind fades to static. This is the 5th time she has been told this in her life, but she has yet to give birth to a single living child. The Geiger counter ticktickticks whenever her husband is near.

It is 1950. My father is born.

Mutant

Survivor

Son of Empire

Human

[soumyafwr]

https://app.socie.com.br/read-blog/96214_global-hydrogen-breath-test-analyzer-market-size-overview-key-players-and-foreca.html

Hydrogen Breath Test Analyzer Market 

[kaijuthespacemaniraptorian]

Showa Godzilla Biological Analysis

(including Minilla)

This Godzilla appeared in the ocean after the first godzilla died from the oxygen destroyer presumably also awakened by the american hydrogen bomb test in South pacific in 1954.

Godzilla's physiology appears similar to theropods except more like outdated depictions of theropods standing upright with an erect back and dragging its tail on the ground!

Godzilla also has large well developped arms with opposable thumbs to manipulate his environment and also grab onto opponents.

Godzilla's tissues are theorized to be so dense that they’re stronger than the strongest materials in universe as he was durable enough to tank the space monster King Ghidorah's gravity beams which are stated to be powerful enough to destroy planets like venus, this gives him incredible resilience!

Godzilla is also shown to be quite adaptable as electricity used to harm him but now became immune to it even absorbing soo much lightning that he gained electromagnetism during his battle against Mechagodzilla as he uses it to attract the robot to him as it was attempting to retreat!

Godzilla is shown to be incredibly intelligent (like with most showa kaijus) capable of having long term memory and also showing alot of emotions as seen with Minilla showing sympathy for him and adopts him and also shows compassion for him caring and teaching him how to use an atomic breath, he does show however to be extremely aggressive towards humans in the past but it was stated by the shobijins that he hates humans because they hate them, probably due to being obviously threatened by the millitary who shot at him when he was first sighted, nowadays he seems to be more gentle towars humans even saving humanity on occasion from threats that dare to threatnened earth with the help of other earth monsters!

Another godzilla individual was seen in the form of an infant godzilla named Minilla which gives us some info on the growth stages of the species!

When hatched out of the egg from a group of large praying mantis Kamacuras, Minilla possesses a tan color on his skin has a shorter neck and thinner limbs and lacks any dorsal plates, Minilla then grew to 18 meters tall his coloration became grey and possesses a more elongated head and his dorsal plates started to grow, and developped an atomic breath although unlike the mature godzilla minilla can only breathe a smoke ring possibly due to not having a well developped organ!

Most People (atleast from what i can find-) seem to think showa goji is a theropod possibly a late ceratosaur that splits off from abelisaurs but i like to think Showa Godzilla is actually a highly derived Notosuchian related to simosuchus!

This kaiju biological analysis was inspired by @iamthekaijuking's biological analysis on showa gamera kaijus i had alot of fun reading them and i also had alot of fun doing this analysis on showa goji and this is the best i can do with my research!

[mariacallous]

On a spring day in 1978, a fisherman caught a tiger shark in the lagoon surrounding Enewetak Atoll, part of the Marshall Islands in the north Pacific. That shark, along with the remains of a green sea turtle it had swallowed, wound up in a natural history museum. Today, scientists are realizing that this turtle holds clues to the lagoon’s nuclear past—and could help us understand how nuclear research, energy production, and warfare will affect the environment in the future.

In 1952, the world’s first hydrogen bomb test had obliterated a neighboring island—one of 43 nuclear bombs detonated at Enewetak in the early years of the Cold War. Recently, Cyler Conrad, an archeologist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, began investigating whether radioactive signatures of those explosions had been archived by some particularly good environmental historians: turtles.

“Anywhere that nuclear events have occurred throughout the globe, there are turtles,” Conrad says. It’s not because turtles—including sea turtles, tortoises, and freshwater terrapins—are drawn to nuclear testing sites. They’re just everywhere. They have been mainstays of mythology and popular culture since the dawn of recorded history. “Our human story on the planet is really closely tied to turtles,” Conrad says. And, he adds, because they are famously long-lived, they are uniquely equipped to document the human story within their tough, slow-growing shells.

Collaborating with researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which was once directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer, Conrad was able to use some of the world’s most advanced tools for detecting radioactive elements. Last week, his team’s study in PNAS Nexus reported that this turtle, and others that had lived near nuclear development sites, carried highly enriched uranium—a telltale sign of nuclear weapons testing—in their shells.

Turtle shells are covered by scutes, plates made of keratin, the same material in fingernails. Scutes grow in layers like tree rings, forming beautiful swirls that preserve a chemical record of the turtle’s environment in each sheet. If any animal takes in more of a chemical than it’s able to excrete, whether through eating it, breathing it in, or touching it, that chemical will linger in its body.

Once chemical contaminants—including radionuclides, the unstable radioactive alter egos of chemical elements—make their way into scute, they’re basically stuck there. While these can get smeared across layers in tree rings or soft animal tissues, they get locked into each scute layer at the time the turtle was exposed. The growth pattern on each turtle’s shell depends on its species. Box turtles, for example, grow their scute outward over time, like how humans grow fingernails. Desert tortoise scutes also grow sequentially, but new layers grow underneath older layers, overlapping to create a tree ring-like profile.

Because they are so sensitive to environmental changes, turtles have long been considered sentinels of ecosystem health—a different kind of canary in the coal mine. “They’ll show us things that are emergent problems,” says Wallace J. Nichols, a marine biologist who was not involved in this study. But Conrad’s new findings reveal that turtles are also “showing us things that are distinct problems from the past.”

Conrad’s team at Los Alamos handpicked five turtles from museum archives, with each one representing a different nuclear event in history. One was the Enewetak Atoll green sea turtle, borrowed from the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii. Others included a Mojave desert tortoise collected within range of fallout from the former Nevada Test Site; a river cooter from the Savannah River Site, which manufactured fuel for nuclear weapons; and an eastern box turtle from Oak Ridge, which once produced parts for nuclear weapons. A Sonoran desert tortoise, collected far from any nuclear testing or manufacturing sites, served as a natural control.

While working at Los Alamos, Conrad met isotope geochemist and soon-to-be coauthor Jeremy Inglis, who knew how to spot even the most subtle signs of nuclear exposure in a turtle shell. They chose to look for uranium. To a geochemist, this might initially feel like an odd choice. Uranium is found everywhere in nature, and doesn’t necessarily flag anything historically significant. But with sensitive-enough gear, uranium can reveal a lot about isotope composition, or the ratio of its atoms containing different configurations of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Natural uranium, which is in most rocks, is configured very differently from the highly enriched uranium found in nuclear labs and weapons.

To find the highly enriched uranium hidden among the normal stuff in each turtle shell sample, Inglis wore a full-body protective suit in a clean room to keep his uranium from getting in the way. (“There’s enough uranium in my hair to contaminate a picogram of a sample,” he says.) Inglis describes the samples like a gin and tonic: “The tonic is the natural uranium. If you add lots of natural uranium tonic into your highly enriched uranium gin, you ruin it. If we contaminate our samples with natural uranium, the isotope ratio changes, and we can’t see the signal that we’re looking for.”

The team concluded that all four turtles that came from historic nuclear testing or manufacturing sites carried traces of highly enriched uranium. The Sonoran desert tortoise that had never been exposed to nuclear activity was the only one without it.

They collected bulk scute samples from three of their turtles, meaning that they could determine whether the turtle took in uranium at some point in its life, but not exactly when. But the researchers took things a step further with the Oak Ridge box turtle, looking at changes in uranium isotope concentrations across seven scute layers, marking the seven years of the turtle’s life between 1955 and 1962. Changes in the scutes corresponded with fluctuations in documented uranium contamination levels in the area, suggesting that the Oak Ridge turtle’s shell was time-stamped by historic nuclear events. Even the neonatal scute, a layer that grew before the turtle hatched, had signs of nuclear history passed down from its mother.

It’s unclear what this contamination meant for the turtles’ health. All of these shells were from long-dead animals preserved in museum archives. The best time to assess the effects of radionuclides on their health would have been while they were alive, says Kristin Berry, a wildlife biologist specializing in desert tortoises at the Western Ecological Research Center, who was not involved in this study. Berry adds that further research, using controlled experiments in captivity, may help figure out exactly how these animals are taking in nuclear contaminants. Is it from their food? The soil? The air?

Because turtles are nearly omnipresent, tracing nuclear contamination in shells from animals living at various distances from sites of nuclear activity may also help us understand the long-term environmental effects of weapons testing and energy production. Conrad is currently analyzing desert tortoise samples from southwestern Utah, collected by Berry, to better relate exposure to radionuclides (like uranium) to their diets over the course of their lives. He also hopes that these findings will inspire others to study plants and animals with tissues that grow sequentially—like mollusks, which are also found in nearly all aquatic environments.

The incredible migratory patterns of sea turtles, which sometimes span the entire ocean (as anyone familiar with Finding Nemo may recall), open up additional opportunities. For example, sea turtles forage off the Japanese coast, where in 2011 the most powerful earthquake in Japan’s history caused a tsunami that led to a chain reaction of failures at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. With lifespans of up to 100 years, many of those turtles are likely still alive today, carrying traces of the disaster on their backs.

Recently, the Japanese government started slowly releasing treated radioactive water from the Fukushima Daiichi plant into the Pacific Ocean. Scientists and policymakers seem to hesitantly agree that this is the least bad option for disposing of the waste, but others are more concerned. (The Chinese government, for instance, banned aquatic imports from Japan in late August.) Through turtle shells, we may better understand how the plant’s failure, and the following cleanup efforts, affect the surrounding ocean.

The bodies of these creatures have been keeping score for millennia. “For better or for worse, they get hit by everything we do,” Nichols says. Maybe, he adds, “the lesson is: Pay more attention to turtles.”

[redsamuraiii]

Tsuburaya Eiji, the Father of Tokusatsu

Eiji Tsuburaya made it possible for Godzilla to stomp across the screen and later on, Ultraman. A director, cinematographer, and producer, Tsuburaya is best known for creating the special effects behind Japanese classics like Godzilla and other giant monsters called kaiju.

And his legacy extends beyond those monsters — he built a foundation for film culture in Japan and special effects worldwide.

Before World War II

Tsuburaya grew up in Sukagawa, Iwase, a son of a prominent family of grocery distributors. A prodigy from a young age, as a kid he was interviewed about his model airplanes and credited in local newspapers as a "child craftsman." Shortly thereafter, he was captivated by a new technology called motion pictures — and he combined his two passions by taking pictures of planes.

But it was 1933's King Kong that led to his greatest professional epiphany. King Kong's giant title character and phenomenal special effects opened up a new world of possibilities for Tsuburaya. By studying a copy of the film, Tsuburaya managed to reverse engineer how the effects were made. Then he was ready to begin creating his own legacy.

Being a film revolutionary wasn't easy with his early battles over budget and setup, but when a new company called Toho Motion Picture Company was founded in 1936, Tsuburaya jumped on board to lead the special effects department.

After World War II

After being drafted to work on propaganda films in World War II and experiencing the napalm bombing of Tokyo, he returned to work at Toho after the end of US occupation in 1952, keeping a low profile because the US believed he'd committed espionage.

It was in that climate that producer Tomoyuki Tanaka was artistically inspired by the fallout of a US hydrogen bomb test in the Marshall Islands. The real story of a radiation-poisoned fishing crew inspired him to pitch a monster movie to Tsuburaya and Toho. After some creative wrangling, Godzilla was born.

For Godzilla, Tsuburaya made the bold choice to use miniatures and visual effects instead of stop-motion animation, which was a more obvious alternative. The idea to put an actor in a monster costume was going to be executed as never before, and with it a legendary monster was born.

Though Godzilla was the product of a large team, it came alive because of Tsuburaya's use of models, special photography, and inimitable costumes.

Godzilla was a tough shoot. Actors were stuffed into a costume that was, at its lightest, 220 pounds. They breathed in kerosene from the fumes of a tiny "Tokyo" model burning beneath them, and actor Haruo Nakajima says he lost 20 pounds in the production because the costume was so physically strenuous.

The film was a financial risk, as well — it became the most expensive Japanese movie made up to that time. But Godzilla was a hit, and it kicked off "monster mania." Film by film, these movies created a kaiju iconography that shaped an entire film industry's sensibility — and built a legacy for Tsuburaya.

Tsuburaya's professional and creative successes continued through the 1960s, as he innovated with more intricate models and formed his own company, Tsuburaya Visual Effects Productions, in 1963 where he created what kaiju superfans consider his landmark work, like Ultra Q and Ultraman in 1966. 

Today

Though Tsuburaya died in 1970, his creations remain embedded in the culture today. Even to those who aren't fans of Tsuburaya's distinctive style, his aesthetic, effects, and ethos permeate movies today. 

There are obvious influences, like the many Godzilla remakes and the kaiju fan letter that is 2013's Pacific Rim. Without Godzilla, there is no Ultraman. And without Ultraman, there is no Super Sentai (Power Rangers) and so on.

Tsuburaya's influence can also be seen in every disaster movie's audacious carnage and ever-more-adventurous willingness to push boundaries using special effects.

That's probably why we still thrill to learn about the man who made all those monster suits really roar. Because even now, more than 50 years later, it's as exciting, outrageous, and thrilling as when Godzilla first hit the screen.

Thank You Tsuburaya Eiji for making our childhood a memorable one and our adulthood an awesome one!

Pics by Ultraman NFT & Vox Full Story : Eiji Tsuburaya made Godzilla and it changed film forever Follow Ultraman NFT & August Ragone if you’re a Tokusatsu fan!

[anulithots]

BIO QUESTIONNNNS

any tips on interpreting pedigrees???

How does fermentation work 😭

whats your favourite organelle??

GL on the exam!!!!

THANKKK YOUUUU FORR THE ASKKK

Pedigrees

these guys were sooooo puzzling when I first looked at them. But once you get a feel for them, they aren't too bad. (Then they become a fun puzzle and you feel so smart and smug /pos)

Sometimes they'll include the half-shaded shape, sometimes they won't. On my practice exams they don't so I won't include talking about the half-shaded shapes (which are basically like telling you which ones are carriers, when nothing is half shaded then you have to figure this out yourself.)

Okay so first off, I typically look for sex-linked/autosomal traits. If the affected individuals are usually one sex (male typically) then the trait is sex-linked. If there's siblings and only the males (typically) are affected, then again - sex linked. (I wishhh we could learn biology with intersex people included it wouldd bee soo nicceee)

ALSO ALSO, if the mother is affected, then all of their children are affected - no matter what the trait of the male parent is - then I'd think the trait is passed on through mitochondrial DNA. (mitochondrial DNA is sooo coooool I need to reread those pub med articles. But overall, mitochondrial DNA comes from the female parent only because the male parent contributed only Nuclear DNA, the female parent contributed the cytosol and every organelle in it.)

From there, if neither of the above is true, then it's typically autosomal and either a recessive or dominant trait.

If it's autosomal recessive, then typically it will skip generations/ only some offspring will have it. It's just less likely that the recessive trait will appear, bonus points if there's four siblings and one of them is affected. (Not reallllyyy how it works in the real world since genotypes for each child is independent from the other children... but IDK pedigrees on tests and stuff tend to do this.) Also if none of the parents have it but some children are affected, then one or both of the parents are most likely carriers. (and if you can see the parents of the parents, you can typically find out which one).

Dominant ones just... tend to appear more. They don't usually skip generations, and if neither parent is affected, then the children won't be affected. (You can't be a carrier for a dominant allele under most circumstances... not sure if there's exceptions)

Pedigrees take a bit of getting used to, but they are FUN once you get a feel for them. (Tbh our ap bio class is kind of cursed, we went through a few teachers that all quit. Now I'm the honorary teacher of our class and honestly... I just got a feel for them. Practice I suppose? If you remember how different traits are inherited, then you should be good) Good luck with them!

Fermentation

OKay so not going to lie here.... I usually skipped over fermentation because I thought it would be boring. Once I saw this ask, I looked at it and it's... surprisingly not that bad? (At least to me, I'm insane.)

Okie so basically what happens is

~oxygen~ the most important molecule for us, breathe they say, breath is the language of the soul, our almighty oxygen...

... mops up the waste products at the end of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation (hydrogens) and turns into water.

But, despite how unromantic that sounds... it's super important. Because without our oxygen janitors, we can't do the electron transport chain. The waste products would build up and we'd probably burst into flames or smth (honestly that is what would happen if our cells tried to metabolize glucose all at once)

So cells that do fermentation decide to forgo the whole electron transport chain, best not deal with it.

So all it has is glycolysis. (I call it the carbon do-see-do, whatever that dance thingy is called. I don't know why.) I'll include a picture here of it

(knowing the names of the intermediate products is probably the hardest part.. I just... don't.)

Basically, add your phosphates to each side, split it in half, add another phosphate (not from ATP this time), Oxidize the heck out of the carbon molecules, then give those electrons to the NAD+, which turn into NADHs (One per half/three carbon molecule.), then you break off your 'caps' of Phosphates and add it to ADPs. ONce you add that extra phosphate, you make the ADPs into ATPs. Four of them total, but because you invested two ATPs, you got two 'new'/net ATPS.

I'll explain a few more concepts because I think I can do better than the textbooks if I do say so myself. (Especially the ones I got for school, mc graw hill ones.... like... ehhhhh it's so weirdly written. The book I read when I was little is called 'the way we work' gorgeous pictures and lots of metaphors, definitely one of the things that got me into biology, and helped me understand it.)

Adenosine triphosphate is basically a kitkat. Lots of energy stored within the last three phosphates on the side. (which slightly repel each other, so there's a lot of pent-up energy stored, which is why it takes all of cellular energy to make these, you have to go against the natural tendencies. The plus is that, like a kit kat, they are easy to break and release a lot of energy)

If you look at biochemistry, signal transduction pathway, transportation across the cell membrane, you use these phosphates (very negatively charged) to power EVERYTHING. Think of using an explosion to power your solar panels so you can make something. Like that. So when you do glycolysis, you're just adding those phosphates onto the ADPs to 'remake the Kitkat'/ put two negatively charged magnets together.

Basically, you're energy harvesting. The electrons hold energy, you take that energy from the glucose to give it to the NADH, your electron carrier.

HOwever, you can't do the electron transport chain. So now what do you do with the energy...

Discard it. You got two ATPs, and without oxygen, that's the best you're going to get. (Compared to around 38 ATPs with oxygen. Helpful little janitor.)

Essentially, you have pyruvate (the 3-carbon molecule you made from splitting glucose in half in glycolysis) and two NADHs that you need to turn back into NAD+ so you can do glycolysis again.

(IDk why I'm using second person now. By 'you' I mean the cell. ANd by the cell I mean I'm personifying, no one really 'wants' anything here. It just... happens.)

To do this, fermenting cells have this little trick, they basically give the electrons back to the pyruvates. Return them from whence they came. (apparently there's a good return policy)

If it's a muscle cell or yogurt or the likes, the NADHs give the energy/elections back to the pyruvate, which turns it into lactic acid.

If it's yeast, the NADHs give the energy/electrons back to one of the intermediate products of glycolysis. (I forget the name). This produces ethanol and CO2

So now you got your NAD+'s back. And you have two ATPs (net, four total). Not the... not the best but it's what you got.

OKIE DOKIE THAT'S IT. I RECCOMEND THE AEOMBA SISTERS IF YOU STILL NEED HELP /pos.

Favorite organelle

akldfjalskdfj tha's like askingg meee to chosee a favoritee ficitonall characterrrr.

..a jdflaskdfjaskdlfjaslkdfj

I can't pick favorites for anyythinggg.

LIke the ER does protein production, but the nucleus has the DNA and such, and of course we have the mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell they say), and the Golgi body post office and the lysosome slaughterhouses and the centrioles with their cytoskeleton and their miotic spindle.... you can't do this to me /pos.

kladsfjasdf ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM BECAUSE THE CELL MAKES PROTEINS THERE. kafjkaadlfkjaks AAAAA-

THank you for wishing me luck! I... I hope I don't ramble on the free response questions...or use metaphors... ha.

(also also, haven't really storyfied cellular respiration because...twas hard to storyfy. THey don't include the enzymes involved because it's too complicated. I tried my best!)