#Hunga Tonga

[b-e-l-l-a--l-u-n-a]

♥ I realized "we" finally happened right around volcano #Tonga waking up. It was the largest volcanic explosion ever seen from space. ♥

To me, your presence has been this kind of life changing. You helped me wake, change and grow with your warm, mysterious, powerful love.

I now move past limiting beliefs and fears and welcome new strength and healing. Love is a force of our soul, much like a volcanic force of nature. 🌋 Beauty and the Beast.

LOVE hard & Experience all you can.

~Essence

💙🌹🌋💜

[oregoncoastfox]

I said this in the comments but I think it also deserves a full reblog: in late 2021-2022 the volcano Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai erupted and blasted an unprecedented amount of water into the upper atmosphere. Water vapor is one of the strongest greenhouse gasses, and as a result we're going to be dealing with hot summers for the rest of the decade or so, but it's not humanity's fault and there's nothing we could've done to prevent it.

https://www.nasa.gov/earth/tonga-eruption-blasted-unprecedented-amount-of-water-into-stratosphere/

https://research.noaa.gov/2023/12/20/hunga-tonga-2022-eruption/

[merelygifted]

Record-breaking Tonga volcano disrupted satellite signals in space | Space

The January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption continues to astound.

An underwater volcanic eruption last year was powerful enough to generate plasma bubbles that disrupted radio communications in outer space, a new study finds.

The new results could lead to ways to avoid satellite and GPS disruptions on Earth, and to learn more about volcanoes on alien worlds, scientists added.

In January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano — a large, cone-shaped mountain located near the 169 islands of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific — erupted with a violent explosion. The outburst generated the highest-ever recorded volcanic plume, one reaching 35 miles (57 kilometers) tall, and triggered tsunamis as far away as the Caribbean. All in all, the eruption was the most powerful natural explosion in more than a century...

[informationatlas]

The violent eruption a few hours ago of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano captured by satellites GOES-West and Himawari-8.

via Wonder of Science

[memenewsdotcom]

Tonga volcano eruption causing 2023 heat

[aperint]

Un ejemplo más de la “Teoría de los Septenios”

Un ejemplo más de la “Teoría de los Septenios” #aperturaintelectual #vmrfaintelectual @victormanrf @Victor M. Reyes Ferriz @vicmanrf Víctor Manuel Reyes Ferriz

10 DE ENERO DE 2023 Un ejemplo más de la “Teoría de los Septenios” POR: VÍCTOR MANUEL REYES FERRIZ Comenzaré por desearles un excelente 2023, que sea un año lleno de metas cumplidas, grandes retos y que esté lleno de salud física pero sobre todo mental para generar proyectos exitosos. Ahora sí, comencemos con nuestro espacio. Probablemente muchos de nosotros hemos escuchado acerca de la…

[2t2r]

Des images satellites de l' éruption du volcan Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai

Nouvel article publié sur https://www.2tout2rien.fr/l-eruption-du-volcan-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai/

Des images satellites de l' éruption du volcan Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai

[xtruss]

Tonga 🇹🇴 Volcano Sparked the Most Intense Lightning Storm Ever Recorded

Last year’s eruption produced a raging storm at unprecedented altitudes, with 2,600 lightning flashes per minute at its peak

— Will Sullivan, Daily Correspondent | June 27, 2023 | Smithsonian Magazine

A photo of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption taken on December 24, 2021, before the biggest eruption on January 15, 2022. Tsunamis caused by the eruption killed at six people in Tonga and Peru and displaced more than 1,500 people on Tongan islands. Maxar via Getty Images

On January 15, 2022, the underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano blew its top in a massive eruption, propelling a giant plume of ash and gas beyond the stratosphere. It was the largest recorded eruption since 1991, when Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines.

Now, researchers say the 2022 eruption prompted the most intense lightning rates ever recorded, per a new study published last week in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. At its peak, the raging lighting storm produced 2,600 flashes per minute.

The scientists also detected lightning as high as an estimated 12 to 19 miles above sea level. Previous research elsewhere has only recorded lighting up to roughly 11 miles above sea level, according to the study.

“We’ve never seen anything like this sheer rate of lightning before—and at such high altitudes,” study co-author Alexa Van Eaton, a volcanologist at the U.S. Geological Survey, tells Space.com’s Keith Cooper.

“This is a fascinating study and shows how the Tongan eruption influenced the Earth system in ways that you might not immediately associate with a volcanic explosion,” Sam Purkis, a geologist at the University of Miami who did not contribute to the research, tells the Washington Post’s Kasha Patel.

Located near the islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai in the South Pacific Ocean, the volcano started spewing ash on December 19, 2021. But its activity peaked with the cataclysmic eruption on January 15, resulting in tsunamis that caused the deaths of four people in Tonga and two people in Peru, the Guardian’s Nicola Davis wrote in April. The tsunamis also displaced more than 1,500 people on Tongan islands, and the eruption impacted over 80 percent of Tonga’s population.

The volcanic plume shot out of the ocean and reached a height of at least 36 miles above sea level. At its most intense moments, the volcano spewed out material at a rate of about 11 billion pounds per second—that’s the weight of more than 15 Empire State Buildings every second.

“It was clear right away that this was going to be a showstopping scientific event,” Van Eaton tells the Washington Post. “It’s several orders of magnitude larger than anything we’re used to looking at … This eruption clearly was going to teach us something new.”

Since last year’s eruption, scientists have been studying the event and adding to an ever-growing list of ways it made history. The volcano increased the amount of water vapor in the stratosphere by 5 percent, one study found. And that massive amount of water vapor could trap enough heat to temporarily warm Earth’s surface, according to another study.

For the new paper, the researchers examined records of the eruption from satellites and ground-based radio antennas. When viewing satellite imagery of the blast, they watched the volcanic plume rise and spread outward. Surprisingly, the lightning flashes also spread outward in four concentric rings, which matched the four phases of the eruption, writes Space.com.

Researchers had previously identified lightning in this circular pattern, but this was the first time they spotted multiple lightning rings.

Lightning, which is caused by an imbalance of electrical charges, occurs during volcanic eruptions when bits of ash brush against each other, creating charged particles, and similarly, when ice particles become charged.

“It may be that larger particles were going one direction and smaller particles were going in another, and that helped create the charge separation that leads to electrical discharges,” Van Eaton tells the Washington Post.

Researchers theorize that the lightning storm was so strong because of the eruption’s intensity, the rapid expansion of the ash plume and the large amount of vaporized seawater in the plume.

The volcanic plume may also be to blame for the high-altitude flashes: It could have raised the air pressure, leading the lightning to occur so high above sea level, Van Eaton tells Science News’ Skyler Ware. At the typical low air pressures at higher altitudes, it’s more difficult to form the channels of plasma that are necessary for lightning, according to the paper.

On top of all the existing evidence for how powerful and unusual this eruption was, the study demonstrates another way that the volcano led to unexpected events on and around the planet.

“Hunga has completely changed the way we think of how natural events can change the atmosphere and the environment where we thought lightning could exist,” Jeff Lapierre, a co-author of the study and lightning scientist at the company Advanced Environmental Monitoring, tells Science News.

[sepdet]

I have been waiting for Nova to cover the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption of Jan 2022.

(There was already a fascinating preliminary video from the NIWA science team last year.)

I was initially drawn to the record-setting loud bang of this eruption, which reminded me of Krakatoa's colossal 1883 explosion.

Also there's some indications that so much water blasted into the normally-dry troposphere it disrupted the southern hemisphere's climate, causing Australia's floods.

Finally, I've wondered if the c. 1620bce Thera eruption that destroyed the Minoan seaports was comparable. If so, this gives us insight into what happened. I'm especially curious whether it did the water-in-troposphere thing, because it deposited less ash across the Med than expected, just as Hunga Tonga did, so scientists had concluded that other than massive tsunamis it couldn't have affected the Minoans that much. But WAIT — now we have a new mechanism for climate disruption that leaves very little chemical footprint.

[astroimages]

Horizonte de Eventos - Episódio 52 - Retrospectiva 2022

[reality-detective]

In December 2021, an eruption began on Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai which is classified as a submarine volcano. 🤔

[mindblowingscience]

​An unprecedentedly violent volcanic eruption that triggered a tsunami off the Pacific island nation of Tonga in 2022 unleashed the fastest underwater currents ever recorded, according to a study published on Thursday. The submerged Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano sent rocks, ash and gas racing across the seafloor at 122 kilometers (76 miles) per hour in January last year, found the paper published in the journal Science. The eruption – the most powerful ever recorded with modern equipment – triggered a deadly tsunami and "avalanche-like flows" of material that damaged underwater telecommunications cables connecting Tonga with the rest of the world. A research team led by scientists from Britain's National Oceanography Centre (NOC) used the timings and locations of cable damage to calculate the speed of the flows. The volcano's eruption plume, up to 57 kilometers high, fell directly into the water and onto steep underwater slopes, explained Mike Clare of the NOC. ​The speed and power of the currents were so great that they were capable of running at least 100 kilometers across the seafloor and wrecking the cables, he said. The flows were faster than those triggered by earthquakes, floods or storms, the paper added.

Continue Reading

[dailyoverview]

In January, an underwater volcano known as Hunga Tonga erupted near the remote Pacific nation of Tonga, sending plumes of gas and ash thousands of feet into the atmosphere. The explosion was so powerful it was captured by numerous weather satellites and sent a four-foot tsunami wave into the capital city of Nuku’alofa. Here we see two images: one in the days leading up to the eruption (Jan. 12) and after with the center on the volcanic island blown away (Jan. 15).

Follow along as we continue to recap key events from 2022 from the Overview perspective.

-20.536000°, -175.382000°

Source imagery: Planet

[roboe1]

"Climate Change For Social Control" - Hunga Tonga Supervolcano CHALLENGE...