#Great Kantō earthquake

[dailyunsolvedmysteries]

Great Kantō earthquake (1923) and the Massacres

The Great Kantō earthquake struck the Kantō Plain on the main Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58:44 JST (02:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923. Varied accounts indicate the duration of the earthquake was between four and ten minutes. Extensive firestorms and even a fire whirl added to the death toll. The Kantō Massacre began on the day of the earthquake.  The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale with its focus deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. Estimated casualties totalled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.

Because the earthquake struck when people were cooking meals, many were killed as a result of large fires that broke out. Fires started immediately after the earthquake. Some fires developed into firestorms that swept across cities. Many people died when their feet became stuck on melting tarmac. The single greatest loss of life was caused by a fire whirl that engulfed the Rikugun Honjo Hifukusho in downtown Tokyo, where about 38,000 people were incinerated after taking shelter there after the earthquake. The earthquake broke water mains all over the city, and putting out the fires took nearly two full days until late in the morning of September 3.

A strong typhoon centered off the coast of the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture brought high winds to Tokyo Bay at about the same time as the earthquake. These winds caused fires to spread rapidly.

Many homes were buried or swept away by landslides in the mountainous and hilly coastal areas in western Kanagawa Prefecture; about 800 people died. A collapsing mountainside in the village of Nebukawa, west of Odawara, pushed the entire village and a passenger train carrying over 100 passengers, along with the railway station, into the sea.

The RMS Empress of Australia was about to leave Yokohama harbor when the earthquake struck. It narrowly survived and assisted in rescuing 2000 survivors. A P&O liner, Dongola, was also in the harbor at the moment of disaster and rescued 505 people, taking them to Kobe.

A tsunami with waves up to 10 m (33 ft) high struck the coast of Sagami Bay, Bōsō Peninsula, Izu Islands, and the east coast of Izu Peninsula within minutes. The tsunami caused many deaths, including about 100 people along Yui-ga-hama Beach in Kamakura and an estimated 50 people on the Enoshima causeway. Over 570,000 homes were destroyed, leaving an estimated 1.9 million homeless. Evacuees were transported by ship from Kantō to as far as Kobe in Kansai. The damage is estimated to have exceeded US$1 billion (or about $16 billion today). There were 57 aftershocks.

Ethnic Koreans were massacred after the earthquake. The Home Ministry declared martial law and ordered all sectional police chiefs to make maintenance of order and security a top priority. A false rumor was spread that Koreans were taking advantage of the disaster, committing arson and robbery, and were in possession of bombs. Anti-Korean sentiment was heightened by fear of the Korean independence movement. 

In the confusion after the quake, mass murder of Koreans by mobs occurred in urban Tokyo and Yokohama, fuelled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage. The government reported that 231 Koreans were killed by mobs in Tokyo and Yokohama in the first week of September. Independent reports said the number of dead was far higher, ranging from 6,000 to 10,000. Some newspapers reported the rumors as fact, including the allegation that Koreans were poisoning wells. The numerous fires and cloudy well water, a little-known effect of a large quake, all seemed to confirm the rumors of the panic-stricken survivors who were living amidst the rubble. Vigilante groups set up roadblocks in cities, and tested civilians with a shibboleth for supposedly Korean-accented Japanese: deporting, beating, or killing those who failed. Army and police personnel colluded in the vigilante killings in some areas. Of the 3,000 Koreans taken into custody at the Army Cavalry Regiment base in Narashino, Chiba Prefecture, 10% were killed at the base, or after being released into nearby villages. Moreover, anyone mistakenly identified as Korean, such as Chinese, Ryukyuans, and Japanese speakers of some regional dialects, suffered the same fate. About 700 Chinese, mostly from Wenzhou, were killed. A monument commemorating this was built in 1993 in Wenzhou.

In response, the government called upon the Japanese Army and the police to protect Koreans; 23,715 Koreans were placed in protective custody across Japan, 12,000 in Tokyo alone. The chief of police of Tsurumi (or Kawasaki by some accounts) is reported to have publicly drunk the well water to disprove the rumor that Koreans had been poisoning wells. In some towns, even police stations into which Korean people had escaped were attacked by mobs, whereas in other neighborhoods, civilians took steps to protect them. The Army distributed flyers denying the rumor and warning residents against attacking Koreans, but in many cases, vigilante activity only ceased as a result of Army operations against it. In several documented cases, soldiers and policemen participated in the killings, and in other cases, authorities handed groups of Koreans over to local vigilantes, who proceeded to kill them.

[tokidokitokyo]

神奈川県

Japanese Prefectures: Kantō - Kanagawa

都道府県 (とどうふけん) - Prefectures of Japan

Learning the kanji and a little bit about each of Japan’s 47 prefectures!

Kanji・漢字

神　かみ、かん～、こう～、シン、ジン、かな　gods, mind, soul

奈　いかん、からなし、ナ、ナイ、ダイ　Nara

川　かわ、セン　stream; river

県　ケン　prefecture

関東　かんとう　Kanto, region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures

Prefectural Capital (県庁所在地) : Yokohama (横浜市)

Kanagawa Prefecture is located just south of Tokyo. It is home to many day trip destinations from Tokyo, including the cities of Kamakura and Hakone. The prefectural capital of Yokohama on the Pacific coast is Japan's second largest city and its major port, including many multicultural influences such as a China Town and the Minato Mirai building. The port areas are also major centres of bonito and tuna fishing. Inland, Kanagawa has a flourishing agricultural area producing flowers and dairy products for the Tokyo market.

Recommended Tourist Spot・おすすめ観光スポット The Great Buddha of Kamakura - 鎌倉大仏

The Great Buddha of Kamakura (source)

At the Buddhist temple Kotoku-in (高徳院) in Kamakura stands the 11-metre tall 13th-century bronze statue of Amida Buddha. Initially housed in a wooden hall, it was restored in the Edo period (1603-1868) after being damaged over the years by typhoons and earthquakes and now towers over the grounds of the temple. The Great Buddha of Kamakura is the second largest seated Buddha in Japan.

After you visit the Great Buddha, you can also find other Zen Buddhist temples, which are among the oldest and most beautiful in the country, and most in walking distance from each other. Enoshima and the Kamakura beaches are also nearby.

Regional Cuisine - 郷土料理 Kuro-tamago (Black eggs) - 黒卵 (くろたまご)

Kuro-tamago or Black eggs (source)

It may seem strange, but this popular souvenir from the Owakudani (大涌谷 or Great Boiling Valley) in the resort town of Hakone in Kanagawa Prefecture gets its distinctive black color from being boiled in natural hot spring water for 60 minutes at a temperature of 80°C, then steamed at 100°C for 15 minutes in steel baskets over natural hot spring water. The natural hot spring water contains sulfur and iron, thus turning the egg shells black. The Kuro-tamago, or Black Eggs, have a slight sulfur smell (although the whole valley has this smell so you might not notice). They are safe to eat and are said to add 7 years to your lifespan! (You shouldn't eat more than two at one time though, as the lifespan elongating effects will then be nullified, or you might just feel slightly sick).

Owakudani is an active volcanic valley that is known to locals as Jigokudani (地獄谷 or Valley of Hell) due to the sulfurous volcanic gasses and steam from the natural hot spring waters. There are many resorts nearby in Hakone which tap into these natural hot springs. The valley was formed due to the last eruption of Mt Hakone about 3,000 years ago. On clear days, you have a great view of Mt Fuji. There is also a ropeway that will take you over the active volcanic area, but sometimes it can be closed when the volcanic activity picks up and the volcanic gasses increase, so check before you visit.

Kanagawa Dialect・Kanagawa-ben・神奈川弁

Kanagawa-ben is a basket term used to describe the dialects spoken in the prefecture, but there is no single unified dialect.

1. うんめろ　unmero very, a lot

うんめろ美味しい (unmero oishii)

Standard Japanese: たくさん、とても　(takusan, totemo)

とても美味しい (totemo oishii)

English: very, a lot

very delicious

2. あんきだ　anki da　I'm relieved, it's a relief

おめーらガ、みんなこどまーでけーからあんきだなー (omeera ga, minna kodomaa dekei kara anki da naa)

Standard Japanese: 安心だ　(anshin da)

お前の家は、みんな子どもが成長しているから安心だな (omae no ie wa, minna kodomo ga seichou shite iru kara anshin da na)

English: I'm relieved

It's a relief because all the children in your home are growing up well

3. あっちかし・こっちかし　(acchikashi, kocchikashi)

椅子を並べるのはこっちかし?　あっちかし？ (isu o naraberu no wa kocchikashi? acchikashi?)

Standard Japanese: あちら側・こちら側　(achiragawa, kochiragawa)

椅子を並べるのはこちら側?　あちら側？ (isu o naraberu no wa kochiragawa? achiragawa?)

English: that side, this side

Should I arrange the chairs this way? That way?

4. うっちゃる　(uccharu)

ゴミをうっちゃる (gomi o uccharu)

Standard Japanese: 捨てる　(suteru)

ゴミを捨てる (gomi o suteru)

English: to throw away

Throw away your trash

5. かったるい　(kattarui)

遠くて歩くのかったるいな (tookute aruku no kattarui na)

Standard Japanese: 面倒くさい、だるい　(mendoukusai, darui)

遠くて歩くのだるいな (tookute aruku no darui na)

English: bothersome, tiresome

It's so far that it would be a pain to walk there

More Kanagawa dialect here (Japanese site).

[mybeingthere]

Ohno Bakufu (大野麦風, 1888–1976) was a Japanese painter and printmaker in the shin-hanga style.

He was born in Tokyo, Japan. Over his lifetime he created over seventy designs. Unlike most members of the Shin Hanga movement, utilized skilled carvers and woodblock print makers to create his prints.

His best known collection of work is the Great Japanese Fish Picture Collection. Remarkably, Ohno spent seven years, between 1937 and 1945, diving in a primitive submarine to a depth of 30 feet off the coast of Wakaura, to sketch fish in their natural habitat. Assisted by an oceanographer, their submarine was equipped with a special light beam that attracted numerous species of fish. The result was a superb issue of 68 woodblock fish prints that are now a great rarity, and highly prized by ichthyologists and print collectors alike.

Ohno Bakufu also created landscapes and still lives. After 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, he moved to Kansai. He was an honorary member of the Hyogo Prefecture Academy of Fine Arts, and a member of Taiheiyogakai.

[euniexenoblade]

idk if it's cool to infodump in your askbox instead of just asking a question, but i think the Washington Naval Treaty had such fascinating effects on the landscape of naval power around the world in the early 1920s, because it essentially halted the production and evolution of large capital ships for the next twenty years. We could have seen really wild battleship designs by the 1940s, but instead, we just had regular battleship designs that were only updated from their 1920s counterparts in certain respects. And what it did to aircraft carriers around the same time was fucking fascinating. Basically, the Washington Naval Treaty placed restrictions on the tonnage that the signatory nations could construct for new capital ships, but most of the nations who signed already had battleships in construction, especially in the UK, US and Japan. The treaty had provisions for this and, as well as scrapping many of the in-construction vessels that were around at the time, it allowed these nations to convert some of their battleships or battlecruisers to aircraft carriers. This happened relatively easily in the United States and the UK, as the former converted their battlecruisers Lexington and Saratoga to aircraft carriers and the the latter converted Glorious, Courageous and Furious. Japan, though, planned to convert their in-construction battlecruiser Amagi and Akagi to aircraft carriers. Unfortunately, about a year and a half after the signing of the treaty, the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake happened and, among other scenes of devastation in Japan, broke Amagi's hull in half. With one of their two potential aircraft carriers now broken in such a way that could not be fixed, Japan elected to convert one of the Tosa class battleships, Kaga instead. Both of these ships served in the Imperial Japanese Navy for a couple of decades and were both sunk by United States forces at the Battle of Midway. This is but a taste of all the cool shit that went down as a result of the Washington Naval Treaty, and I'm sorry.

I'm sorry anon plz use line breaks I can't read that

[babylon-crashing]

Some times you see a photo with so many bizarre things in it that you overlook the weirdest parts. What are we even looking at? A flood in China? Is this a movie set? Who is this woman sitting on the half-submerged car?

But then, suddenly, I realized what I wasn't seeing, which was this curious person, calmly standing in the middle of the giant heap of cars, perhaps dressed in what looks like a 19th century Lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Army? What does that remind me of?

For me, it is Yasunori Katō, the villain in Hiroshi Aramata's Teito Monogatari (帝都物語) from which we get the Doomed Megalopolis franchise.

Of course, it isn't. The photo is of the 1966 flood in North Point, Hong Kong, which dumped over 15 inches of rain in 24 hours. The storm resulted in widespread flooding, landslides and, "turning streets into raging torrents that killed at least 50 people ... causing cars to be swept down roads like toys."

In the series, set in Tokyo, Yasunori Katō does indeed attempt to use his supernatural powers to set off a natural disaster in order to destroy the city (in this case it is The Great Kantō earthquake of 1923) and since cosplay wasn't a thing back then I probably will never get a satisfying answer as to why this person is so weirdly out of place.

[thoughtportal]

The Kantō Massacre (關東大虐殺, Korean: 간토 대학살) was a mass murder in the Kantō region of Japan committed in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. With the explicit and implicit approval of parts of the Japanese government, the Japanese military, police, and vigilantes murdered an estimated 6,000 people: mainly ethnic Koreans, but also Chinese and Japanese people mistaken to be Korean, and Japanese communists, socialists, and anarchists.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

The massacre began on the day of the earthquake, September 1, 1923, and continued for three weeks. A significant number of incidents occurred, including the Fukuda Village Incident.[10][11]

Meanwhile, government officials met and created a plan to suppress information about and minimize the scale of the killings. Beginning on September 18, the Japanese government arrested 735 participants in the massacre, but they were reportedly given light sentences. The Japanese Governor-General of Korea paid out 200 Japanese yen in compensation to 832 families of massacre victims, although the Japanese government on the mainland only admitted to about 250 deaths.

In recent years, it has continued to be denied or minimized by both mainstream Japanese politicians and fringe Japanese right-wing groups. Since 2017, the Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike has consistently expressed skepticism that the massacre occurred.

[sunflowersandcherryblossoms]

I have an idea that I'm going to use on my new Love Is The Colour Of Sunset series...

Since I'm not going to change it radically when it comes to using the original characters I've already created, Minako will have to appear here too.

And I had an idea!

Ichigo and Byakuya get married and they buy a house in Karakura.

It's an ancient house, needing some renovations, but lovely — according to Byakuya, of course...— and quaint.

The only issue is that everyone keeps telling them that the house is haunted.

Do they care? No... They've dealt with sooooooo much worse....

So, they begin researching the history of the house and the original structure was destroyed in the Great Kantō Earthquake, on the 1st of September, 1923.

It was later on rebuilt, but it didn't take long for the rumours of it being haunted to begin.

It kept changing owners until the last family that bought it back in 1979.

The stories about a ghost never truly went away, but the Izawa family never complained about feeling uncomfortable.

It went back on the market after the Old couple joined their only daughter in Australia in 2004.

In 2006, Ichigo and Byakuya buy it and they start renovating the house, leaving the traditional features, but including a modern touch to it too...

It's all going just fine, until they start finding toys everywhere...

A stuffed tiger. A wooden whistle bird. A Kokeshi doll. A porcelain doll...

All ancient looking.

It's only a matter of time until the child finally shows herself to them...

Byakuya had felt quite curious and impressed the first time he felt the presence in the house...

A soul, all alone, since 1923?

It was unheard of...

The fact alone that it did not attract Hollows, was something extraordinary!

Ichigo had researched the registry on the casualties of the Great Kantō Earthquake in Karakura, and he had managed to identify the original family living in that house at the time.

The Usui family had all died in the Earthquake, but apparently only the child's soul had remained attached to the house... For 83 years...

Maybe it had been the constant presence of people in the house that had somehow shielded the little soul from being devoured by any Hollow around.

And maybe that was the cause for her to not turn into a Hollow herself.

Byakuya began collecting the toys and one night after pleading his case to his husband, they'd agreed to go the extra mile to bring the child out of hiding...

They renovated an entire room for her.

Finally, they began feeling her presence becoming stronger.

Pitter patter of little feet.

Smothered giggles as she quickly ran to the bedroom, disappearing before they could catch her.

A couple of days before their return to Soul Society, Byakuya made one last try to get the child to stop being fearful of their presence.

He called for her.

"Minako-Chan? Can you please come to your room? We need to talk to you. Don't be afraid. It's okay. We can see you, you know?"

Ichigo shook his head with a smile.

"Do you think that is going to work?"

"I hope so... We can't just leave here like that can we?"

They headed to the girl's renovated bedroom, sitting on the floor and waiting...

Ay first they thought that she was not going to come, but after the longest ten minutes of their lives, the small figure of a child appeared at the door.

"Hi." Ichigo waved, smiling at the girl.

The girl entered the room, stopping between both men.

"Hi. You wanted to talk to me?" Her voice was that of a toddler in tone, but with the maturity of someone who's mind had spent 83 years frozen inside the spirit of a two year old...

"We did." Byakuya spoke softly. "We wanted you to know that we have to go back home in two days time."

"I thought this was your home..." The small soul pouted.

"It's our vacation home. Not our everyday home. We want to show you something..." Ichigo turned to Byakuya nodding at his husband.

The raven hair took out his Yuki mod soul dispenser and took the pill.

His Gigai remained seated with Yuki now inside of it, but Byakuya himself got up, donning his Taichō uniform, Kenseikan and all.

Minako took a step back, looking oddly serious at him.

It was way too much like grown up look for a toddler...

"You are one of them!" Her lip was trembling. "You're one of the people who killed the monster my parents became..."

Oh.

"Minako," Byakuya kneeled closer to the child, taking Senbonzakura out of his waist and setting it on the floor in front of her. 'What happened to your parents?"

"Haha* kept screaming that it was Chichi's** fault. She was really angry and then she changed into a grey monster with a white mask. Chichi told me to hide so I did..." Minako had her hands behind her back, eyes on the floor. "I heard screaming and a howls like a wild animal in pain. When I took a peak, Haha had changed... She was bigger. I stayed hidden and two men dressed like you appeared. One of them took his sword and killed her."

Ichigo, also in his Shinigami form, kneeled on the other side. His face looked stricken with grief.

"Minako..." He reached his hands to her, waiting. "What those Shinigami did was a mercy, you know? Your Okāsan had turned into something called a Hollow because of her grudge over hers and your untimely death. When we use our Zanpakuto to cut through a Hollow, their souls are purified and they get to go to Soul Society... Which is our home."

Minako looked at Ichigo's hands. A small sob shook the child before she threw herself onto his arms.

Ichigo held her close, allowing her to cry freely. Byakuya raised one of his hands to Minako's head, gently brushing her black hair with his fingers.

A grief to great for such a small child, both of them thought...

"We were thinking maybe you'd like to go with us so you won't have to be lonely anymore." Byakuya's voice was almost a whisper. "And when we come back here you can come with us too."

Minako stopped crying, sniffling as she tilted her head to look at the raven hair. A little snort left her lips.

"It almost sounds like you want to adopt me or something..." And there it was. The oddness of the speech pattern of an adult in a toddler's voice...

Ichigo and Byakuya chuckled lightly.

"Well," Ichigo patted her head. "That's for you to decide, if you think you want to put with us as your new parents."

Minako straightened herself, looking attentively at both men. It felt like she was evaluating them, almost.

"I don't think I would mind that." She smiled. "Actually I think I'd like that... A lot." She seemed pensive for a while. "Will I be able to finally grow up and grow older too? Being stuck as a two year old for 83 years as been really boring."

Byakuya nodded, his smile widening.

"Yes. As soon as you get to Soul Society, you'll resume growing up like an ordinary human for the next eight years. After that, it depends on how strong you are. On your Reiatsu."

"I have no idea what that is..." Minako squinted.

"Don't worry, you'll learn. That and more." Ichigo told her.

"Okay. I agree. I'll go with you..."

* Haha - Formal term for Mother

** Chichi - Formal term for Father

[aoihono96]

2023/09/01 - Hirano Ryo's Twitter Post

The first day performance of

Musical "Moriarty the Patriot - Op.5 - The Final Problem"

Has ended.

Dear God of Fire, please support us.*

The supreme mystery of charm.

Please look forward to it.

#Morimyu

#Heavy-ho!

*100 years ago, on 1st of September 1923 the Great Kantō earthquake struck Japan, being followed by extensive firestorms and even a fire whirl. Since 1960, September 1 has been designated by the Japanese government as Disaster Prevention Day, or a day in remembrance of and to prepare for major natural disasters including tsunami and typhoons. Source: x

[nanas-45]

Tokyo Unveiled: The Evolution of a Global Metropolis

Tokyo, Japan’s bustling capital, is a city of remarkable transformation. Officially known as Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), it stands as the most populous city globally with over 14 million residents as of 2023. When including the Greater Tokyo Area, the population skyrockets to 41 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in the world.

Situated at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kantō region on Honshu, Japan’s largest island. It serves as the economic heart of Japan and the seat of both the government and the Emperor. The city is administratively unique, functioning as a prefecture with a Governor and Assembly, rather than a traditional city with municipal governments.

A Historical Overview

Originally named Edo, Tokyo was a modest fishing village before it rose to prominence in 1603 when Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate there. Edo, which means "estuary," aptly described the settlement's location where the Sumida River meets Tokyo Bay. By the mid-18th century, it had become one of the world's largest cities with a population exceeding one million.

The city's evolution accelerated after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when the imperial capital was moved from Kyoto to Edo, renamed Tokyo ("Eastern Capital"). This marked the beginning of Tokyo’s rapid modernization, which included the establishment of key institutions like the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The city’s infrastructure was further bolstered by the opening of Japan's first railway line in 1872.

Challenges and Resilience

Tokyo faced severe challenges in the 20th century, including the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, which devastated the city and killed approximately 105,000 people. The subsequent rebuild allowed for modern, earthquake-resistant architecture and new cultural movements to flourish. However, the city also experienced the economic downturn of the Great Depression and political instability leading up to World War II.

World War II brought additional destruction with Allied bombing raids. Yet, Tokyo's resilience shone through during the post-war reconstruction era, contributing to Japan's economic boom, often referred to as the "Japanese economic miracle."

A Modern Marvel

Today, Tokyo is a global financial powerhouse with 29 of the world’s top 500 companies headquartered there. It remains a significant financial hub, despite the rise of other global cities. The Tokyo Stock Exchange is one of the world’s top five major stock exchanges, and Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city, reflecting its high global influence.

Tokyo's impressive skyline features landmarks such as the Tokyo Skytree, the world’s tallest tower, and Shinjuku Station, the busiest train station globally. The city is also renowned for its safety, having been repeatedly ranked as the safest city worldwide.

A City of Firsts

Tokyo holds several notable distinctions, including being the first Asian city to host the Summer Olympics (1964 and 2021). It has also hosted three G7 summits, reinforcing its status as a key global player.

From its origins as a humble fishing village to its current role as a dynamic global metropolis, Tokyo’s journey is a testament to its resilience and ability to adapt through centuries of change.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.2 (before 1940)

44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. 31 BC – Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 1192 – The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. 1561 – Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy. 1649 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. 1666 – The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral. 1752 – Great Britain, along with its overseas possessions, adopts the Gregorian calendar. 1789 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. 1792 – During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. 1806 – A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. 1856 – The Tianjing incident takes place in Nanjing, China. 1859 – The Carrington Event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record. 1862 – American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. 1867 – Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. 1885 – Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. 1898 – Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan. 1901 – Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair. 1912 – Arthur Rose Eldred is awarded the first Eagle Scout award of the Boy Scouts of America. 1923 – Kantō Massacre: Amid rumors that Koreans had been conducting acts of sabotage in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, lynch mobs of Japanese begin massacring thousands of civilians over the course of several weeks, mainly ethnic minorities such as Koreans and Chinese. 1935 – The Labor Day Hurricane, the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at Long Key, Florida, killing at least 400. 1939 – World War II: Following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany.

[happyvalkyrieofdoom]

speaking of earthquakes, I was thinking a bit about the Kantō Massacre and how fucking vile it was for Japanese police and government to conveniently use the absolute disaster that the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake was in order to spread false rumours to have the permission to kill Korean and Chinese people and political enemies

[char1ottee]

Tokyo🗼

Tokyo, is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents as of 2023, and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2023 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2 trillion.

Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards (which formerly made up Tokyo City), various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis.

Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo (lit. 'Eastern Capital'). In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kantō earthquake, and the city was later decimated by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and is part of an industrial region that includes Yokohama, Kawasaki, and Chiba. As of 2023, the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500.

In 2020, Tokyo ranked fourth on the Global Financial Centres Index behind New York City, London, and Shanghai. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree, and the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility, the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Saitama, a Tokyo suburb. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in East Asia. Tokyo is recognized as one of the world's most livable cities; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, Tokyo has hosted several major international events, including the 1964 Summer Olympics and 1964 Summer Paralympics, the 2020 Summer Olympics, and three G7 summits in 1979, 1986, and 1993. Tokyo is an international research and development hub and an academic center with several major universities, including the University of Tokyo. Tokyo Station is the central hub for the Shinkansen, Japan's high-speed railway network, and Shinjuku Station in Tokyo is the world's busiest train station. Notable special wards in Tokyo include Chiyoda, the site of the National Diet Building and the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Shinjuku, the city's administrative center, and Shibuya, a commercial, cultural, and business hub in the city.

[wikiuntamed]

Five steps of Wikipedia for Saturday, 23rd September 2023

Welcome, 你好, Välkommen, Dzień dobry 🤗 Five steps of Wikipedia from "Fanny Uribe" to "1703 Genroku earthquake". 🪜👣

Start page 👣🏁: Fanny Uribe "Fanny Esther Uribe López (born 1963) is an Ecuadorian biologist and politician who was the last person to be elected prefect of the Galápagos. ..."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0? by Edjoerv

Step 1️⃣ 👣: Ecuavisa "Ecuavisa is an Ecuadorian free-to-air television network that was launched on March 1, 1967 on Quito's channel 8 and Guayaquil's channel 2. It is one of the leading TV networks in the country. The channel has an international feed named Ecuavisa Internacional...."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0? by Ecuavisa

Step 2️⃣ 👣: Digital terrestrial television "Digital terrestrial television (DTTV or DTT, or DTTB with "broadcasting") is a technology for terrestrial television in which land-based (terrestrial) television stations broadcast television content by radio waves to televisions in consumers' residences in a digital format. DTTV is a major..."

Step 3️⃣ 👣: 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami "On 11 March 2011, at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC), a Mw 9.0–9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region. It lasted approximately six minutes, causing a tsunami. It is sometimes known in Japan as the "Great East Japan..."

Image by U.S. Navy photo

Step 4️⃣ 👣: 1498 Meiō earthquake "The 1498 Meiō earthquake (明応地震 Meiō Jishin) occurred off the coast of Nankaidō, Japan, at about 08:00 local time on 20 September 1498. It had a magnitude estimated at 8.6 Ms and triggered a large tsunami. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but between 5,000 and 41,000 casualties..."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0? by As6022014

Step 5️⃣ 👣: 1703 Genroku earthquake "The 1703 Genroku earthquake (元禄大地震, Genroku Daijishin) occurred at 02:00 local time on December 31 (17:00 December 30 UTC). The epicenter was near Edo, the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, in the southern part of the Kantō region, Japan. An estimated 2,300 people were killed by the shaking and..."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0? by As6022014

[euniexenoblade]

idk if it's cool to infodump in your askbox instead of just asking a question, but i think the Washington Naval Treaty had such fascinating effects on the landscape of naval power around the world in the early 1920s, because it essentially halted the production and evolution of large capital ships for the next twenty years.

We could have seen really wild battleship designs by the 1940s, but instead, we just had regular battleship designs that were only updated from their 1920s counterparts in certain respects. And what it did to aircraft carriers around the same time was fucking fascinating.

Basically, the Washington Naval Treaty placed restrictions on the tonnage that the signatory nations could construct for new capital ships, but most of the nations who signed already had battleships in construction, especially in the UK, US and Japan.

The treaty had provisions for this, and as well as scrapping many of the in-construction vessels that were around at the time, it allowed these nations to convert some of their battleships or battlecruisers to aircraft carriers. This happened relatively easily in the United States and the UK, as the former converted their battlecruisers Lexington and Saratoga to aircraft carriers, and the latter converted Glorious, Courageous and Furious. Japan, though, planned to convert their in-construction battlecruiser Amagi and Akagi to aircraft carriers.

Unfortunately, about a year and a half after the signing of the treaty, the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake happened and, among other scenes of devastation in Japan, broke Amagi's hull in half. With one of their two potential aircraft carriers now broken in such a way that could not be fixed, Japan elected to convert one of the Tosa class battleships, Kaga instead.

Both of these ships served in the Imperial Japanese Navy for a couple of decades and were both sunk by United States forces at the Battle of Midway.

This is but a taste of all the cool shit that went down as a result of the Washington Naval Treaty, and I'm sorry.

(Edited for line breaks)

Nod nod nod nod interesting

[geomurmur]

Mapping the Great Kantō Earthquake

http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2023/09/mapping-great-kanto-earthquake.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[geone-ws]

#Mapping the Great Kantō Earthquake

https://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2023/09/mapping-great-kanto-earthquake.html