#Gray Horsehair Lichen

[rabbitcruiser]

Stewart Boardwalk, BC (No. 2)

Gold and silver mining dominated the early economy. Nearby Hyder, Alaska, boomed with the discovery of rich silver veins in the upper Salmon River basin in 1917 and 1918. Hyder became an access and supply point for the mines, while Stewart served as the port for Canadian mining activity, which was centred on the town of Premier, which was accessed by a 14 miles (23 km) road from Hyder. Other mines in the area were the Jumbo, BC Silver, Red Cliff, and Porter-Idaho. More large camps were south of Stewart at Anyox and Maple Bay.

West of Stewart is Hyder, Alaska, which is only 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the town. Northwest of Stewart, and accessible only by way of Hyder, is Premier, British Columbia, notable for being in Canada, but accessible only through a portion of the United States that is accessible only from Canada.

East of the town is Meziadin Junction, which is 61 kilometres (38 mi) from the town. Also east is Kitwanga, British Columbia, which is located 218 kilometres (135 mi) from the town, and Dease Lake, British Columbia, which is located 392 kilometres (244 mi) north of Stewart. It is the northernmost point on Canada's Pacific coast.

Source: Wikipedia

[lichenaday]

Bryoria capillaris

Gray horsehair lichen

So, confession: This lichen may not be exactly . . . real. I mean it may not be its own species. But I am gonna talk about it as its own species since scientists are still trying to figure out how to define a lichen species anyway. This filamentous-fruticose lichen grows in dangling, hair-like tangles on hardwood and coniferous trees in humid boreal-montane forests. It is typically gray to olive-brown in color, with sun exposed morphs appearing darker brown (they are likely producing melanin to protect themselves from excess sun, just like we do!) It produces farinose soredia out of rounded openings in the thallus surface, and also has some pale openings in the thallus surface where fungal hyphae poke through (pseudocyphellae). It only rarely produces apothecia. Genetic studies are a bit muddled when it comes to the delimitation of B. capillaris--well, really they are a bit muddled for the whole genus. While B. capillaris is morphologically and chemically distinct from other Bryoria lichens, genetics place it and other European morphs under the umbrella of B.  fuscescens. So what causes B. capillaris to look so different? It may be the higher concentration of yeast found in the thallus makes in appear lighter in color compared to the darker thallus of what was once considered B. fuscescens. It could be epigenetically triggered phenotypic plasticity in response to differences in light availability and humidity. It could be that we are seeing the beginnings of evolutionary divergence, but our understanding of the genetic species complex still lumps them together, and over the next thousand years they will diverge more and more. Or something else entirely! It requires more investigation, and I look forward to us continuing to learn more from these amazing amalgamations of organisms as time goes on. 

images: source | source | source | source 

info: source | source 

[royalalbertamuseumblog]

AND THE WINNER IS…SPRAY PAINT LICHEN!

Over 1,500 of you shared in the lichen love and voted for your favorite lichen. Of our nominees for Alberta’s emblematic lichen, the top three vote-winners were:

·         Wolf Lichen (Letharia lupina)

·         Vagabond Rockfrog Lichen  (Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis)

·         Spray Paint Lichen (also known as Candy Dot or Fairy Puke; Icmadophila ericetorum)

And the winner is… Icmadophila ericetorum or Spray Paint Lichen!  This pink and green lichen won us over due to its wide appeal, ease of recognition, established taxonomy, distribution across most of Alberta, and originality amongst its fellow nominees (it’s the only crustose lichen on the list).  

Sad your favorite lichen didn’t make the cut? Don’t fret - another prairie-dwelling Rockfrog was chosen to represent Saskatchewan (Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa), and there are a plethora of orange and yellow lichens nominated from other jurisdictions for all of you Wolf Lichen lovers.  Have a peek at the nominees across Canada by clicking on the names below.

Thanks for participating!

·         Alberta: Spray Paint Lichen (Icmadophila ericetorum)

·         British Columbia: Edible Horsehair (Bryoria fremontii)

·         Labrador: Labrador Cup Lichen (Cladonia labradorica)

·         Manitoba: Golden-eye Lichen (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus)

·         New Brunswick: Methuselah’s Beard Lichen (Usnea longissima)

·         Newfoundland: Newfoundland Reindeer Lichen (Cladonia terrae-novae)

·         Northwest Territories: Arctic Orange-bush Lichen (Teloschistes arcticus)

·         Nova Scotia: Blue Felt Lichen (Pectenia plumbea)

·         Nunavut: Whiteworm Lichen (Thamnolia vermicularis)

·         Ontario: Powdered Sunshine (Vulpicida pinastri)

·         Prince Edward Island: Maritime Sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina)

·         Quebec: Gray Reindeer Lichen (Cladonia rangiferina)

·         Saskatchewan: Tumbleweed Shield Lichen (Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa)

·         Yukon: Arctic Tumbleweed (Masonhalea richardsonii)

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[cricketchirp]

As I pulled into the parking lot beside the old school in Sweden, Maine, I was excited to see the door open, meaning that for the first time I’d get to step inside and take a look.

The Sweden Historical Society had recently had the building cleared of asbestos and hopes to possibly turn the 1827 structure into a museum.

My friend, Janet, who is past president of the SHS, invited me in and game me the short tour–especially of the former bathrooms where the renovation revealed the plaster and lath originally used to finish a wall. The wooden lath was attached directly to the studs and then embedded with plaster; often horsehair plaster.

Once the plaster dried and formed a hard, smooth surface, it was either painted or covered with wallpaper. Janet was thrilled by the discovery of the latter and has plans to preserve it within a frame. Do you see Donny’s signature? I wondered if he got into trouble for writing his name on the wall.

We didn’t stay in the building long, because we had a walk planned, but first, Janet provided a bit more history including pointing out the original door on the front of the building.

And beside that in this small hamlet that is home to a community church, town hall, town office and the old school, sits another building that looked like it had been there forever. It was an old foundry that Janet explained had been moved from another location–a frequent happening during yesteryear. This year it was dedicated to the founders of the SHS (apropos–foundry for the founders), Kay and Dick Lyman.

At last, we were ready to begin our walk.

1858 Map

1880 map

The route was a short one, but it took Janet, her friend Karen, and me about three hours to walk from Route 93 to Webber Pond Road and back again.

We began beside the foundry on the colonial road. Though it’s still a town road, it’s no longer traveled (except by logging trucks a few years ago).

Not far along, Janet pointed out two granite pillars, indicating a fence line. And then we went off-roading, in search of other evidence of the use of this land.

And to what to our wondering eyes should appear, but an old well, its covering slabs now turned upright. We poked about some more, but found nothing else in that spot and suspected it was a well for the farm, rather than for a house.

As we returned to the road, our suspicion was correct, for we found barbed wire that would have held the animals in. We stepped over it.

Our journey continued and at a brook that flows from Keyes Pond to the north down to Webber Pond, we came to a crossing. It was a crossing that also had us wondering for it was made of large granite slabs than ran east to west in the direction of the road. Number one, we didn’t expect the slabs to serve as a bridge, and number two, if such was the case, we thought it would have made more sense if they were turned 90 degrees. And so again, we wondered what the story might be. Perhaps wood once covered the stone?

For most of the journey, the road was bordered on both sides by stone walls–all freestanding, but some single-wide and others double. Single indicated either boundary or a way to keep animals in, while the double made us wonder about a plowed field. We noted neat construction where the stones were carefully stacked and messy sections where it seemed they’d been tossed, and again did some more wondering–were the messy parts the work of youngsters?

It wasn’t just the historical artifacts that drew our attention. Check out the withered leaflets on the Christmas fern. Its spores formed on the underside of a few leaflets, aka pinnae, of one or two fronds and that was sufficient for reproduction.

We also found an old favorite, lungwort; an indicator of old growth, thus a rich, healthy ecosystem.

And an equally fun lesson for Karen, who lives in Illinois, and had never encountered it before. Janet poured some water onto the lungwort, which is a foliose lichen, and the miracle occurred on cue.

With a twitch of her nose and a wink of one eye, we watched as the water reached the lungwort’s surface and changed its color from gray to bright green, while where no moisture flowed, it didn’t transform. Lichens have a high resistance to damage by dehydration and will suspend photosynthesis when they dry out. The cool thing about them is that once wet, they can quickly absorb water and get back to food production.

We also spied a cool fungi, and one that we seldom see fruit, but this year has been different and we’ve discovered it periodically. This is green stain fungi, so graced with the common name because it really does look as if the wood had been stained green. I used to think it was an old trail blaze. When it does fruit, the mushrooms are tiny, but among the most beautiful–at least in my mind.

At last we reached Webber Pond Road and we crossed to the cemetery, where Janet pointed out those for whom the nearby pond and road were named. She also noted that while most foot stones in a cemetery are positioned in front of the headstones, these were located behind. Indeed curious.

The cemetery was our turn-around point and we followed the route back, but actually went off route because we were looking for a foundation or two. We found none as we parallel the road, but that’s okay because it just means we need to return.

Back at the old school house, I said goodbye to Karen (on the left) and Janet (on the right) and gave thanks for the opportunity to look keenly with them–as we peered into history.

    Peering In As I pulled into the parking lot beside the old school in Sweden, Maine, I was excited to see the door open, meaning that for the first time I'd get to step inside and take a look.

[lichenaday]

Bryoria nadvornikiana

Spiny gray horsehair lichen

Look at this funky little friend go! Just there, living symbiotically, growing on shit, being amazing. Doing their thing. B. nadvornikiana is a fruticose lichen with a pendulous, stringy thallus that can reach up to 15 cm in length. The branches are very branch-y, giving the lichen a really bushy appearance. It has lateral spinules, which are a structure in between a branch and a true spine. A spine-like branch, if you will. The main thallus color is pale gray to brownish-gray, with the areas closest to the base darkening to black. The otherwise smooth surface is dotted with abundant, white soralia and sparse, brown pseudocyphellae, and even more rarely with concolorous apothecia. B. nadvornikiana typically colonizes thick, rough tree bark and branches in boreal forests, with a preference for shade, shelter, and humidity. It has been recorded in Europe, North America, eastern Africa, and eastern Asia. I really want to know the origin of this scientific name, but couldn’t find a reference. I am sure it is quite the story. Or maybe just a weird inside joke between some old lichenologists when it was described back in 1932. Well, whatever it was may be lost to the annals of time, but we still have B. nadvornikiana, and that’s what really matters. 

source | source | source | source

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