#Gonda local news

[sarhadkasakshi]

राहुल गांधी के बयान से नाराजगी: गोंडा में पुतला जलाया, बोले- खुद की जाति पता नहीं इसलिए सभी का कर रहे अपमान - Gonda News

गोंडा में बीजेपी ओबीसी मोर्चा के पदाधिकारियों ने राहुल गांधी का पुतला जलाया। गोंडा जिले में आज भारतीय जनता पार्टी (बीजेपी) ओबीसी मोर्चा के पदाधिकारियों और कार्यकर्ताओं ने विदेश में राहुल गांधी द्वारा ओबीसी को लेकर दिए गए विवादास्पद बयान पर नाराजगी व्यक्त करते हुए जोरदार विरोध प्रदर्शन किया। . गोंडा रोडवेज बस स्टॉप से शुरू हुए इस प्रदर्शन में कार्यकर्ताओं ने राहुल गांधी का पुतला लेकर “राहुल गांधी…

[forgotten-bharat]

Let's talk about the idolized Aurangzeb. What he did and why is he considered great?

We will be focusing on the destruction of temples and hindu genocide done by him to debunk claims deny that this.

By the order of Aurangzeb (1645 AD) according to Mirãt-i-Ahmadî, Temple of Chintaman situated close to Sarashpur (Gujarat) and built by Sitaldas jeweller was converted into a mosque named Quwwat-ul-lslam (might of Islam) (1645 AD.) A cow was slaughtered to 'solemnize' the 'ceremony'.

Slaughtering a cow was a heinous choice, cow being one of the holiest animal in Hinduism. As well as, Hinduism prohibits animal slaughter, to do it right where their place of worship used to be where now stands a Mosque was simply to mock and destroy the souls of the indigenous population. The Pandits and Cows were always their main targets.

This was done before he even became the king, he was just a prince at this point.

When he became the king he sent Mir Jumla on an expedition to Cooch Bihar. Mir Jumla demolished ALL temples in that city and erected mosques in their stead. The general himself wielded a battle-axe to break the image of Narayana.

Mirãt-i-Ahmadî continues, In 1666 AD, he ordered the faujdar of Mathura to remove a stone railing which had been presented by Dara Shukoh to the temples of Keshav Rai. He explained: “In the Muslim faith it is a sin even to look at a temple and this Dara had restored a railing in a temple!”

You can still argue that Islamic Colonization simply had a political motif and not a religious one, if that would have been the case, none of the indigenous people would have been harmed, none of them would have been forcefully converted, their heritage would not have been destroyed right in front of their eyes, their schools and texts would have been burned. This is downright evil and was done in the name of Allah by all the Mughal tyrants.

“The richly jewelled idols taken from the infidel temples were transferred to Agra and placed beneath the steps leading to the Nawab Begum Sahib's (Jahanara's) mosque in order that they might be “pressed under foot by the true believers”. Mathura changed its name into Islamabad and was thus called in all official documents.”

In the same year, Sita Ram ji temple at Soron was destroyed as also the shrine of Devi Patan at Gonda. News came from Malwa also that the local governor had sent 400 troopers to destroy all temples around Ujjain.

According to Muraqat-i-Abul Hasan, civil officers, agents of jagirdars, karoris and amlas from Cuttack in Orissa to Medinipur in Bengal were instructed as follows:

“Every idol house built during the last 10 or 12 years' should be demolished without delay. Also, do not allow the crushed Hindus and despicable infidels to repair their old temples. Reports of the destruction of temples should be sent to the court under the seal of the qazis and attested by pious Shaikhs.”

(1672 AD) several thousand Satnamis were slaughtered near Narnaul in Mewat for which act of 'heroism' Radandaz Khan was tided Shuja'at Khan with the mansab of 3000 and 2000 horse.

(1675 AD) Guru Tegh Bahadur was tortured to death for his resistance against the forcible conversion of the Hindus of Kashmir. The destruction of gurudwaras thereafter is a well-known story which our secularists have succeeded in suppressing because the Akali brand Sikhs have been forging ties of friendship with Islam as against their parent faith, Hindu Dharma.

Mirãt-i-Ahmadî goes ahead: “On 6th January 1680 A.D. Prince Mohammad Azam and Khan Jahan Bahadur obtained permission to visit Udaipur. Ruhullah Khan and Yakkattaz Khan also proceeded thither to effect the destruction of the temples of the idolators. These edifices situated in the vicinity of the Rana's palace were among the wonders of the age, and had been erected by the infidels to the ruin of their souls and the loss of their wealth”. Pioneers destroyed the images. On 24th January the king visited the tank of Udayasagar.

His Majesty ordered all three of the Hindu temples to be levelled with the ground. On 29th January Hasan AN Khan made his appearance' and stated that “172 temples in the neighbouring districts had been destroyed.” His Majesty proceeded to Chitor on 22nd February.

Temples to the number of 63 were destroyed. Abu Tarab who had been commissioned to effect the destruction of idol temples of Amber, reported in person on 10th August that 66 temples had been levelled to the ground.’ The temple of Someshwar in western Mewar was also destroyed at a later date in the same year. It may be mentioned that unlike Jodhpur and Udaipur, Amber was the capital of a state loyal to the Mughal emperor.

Khafi Khan records in his Muntakhab-ul-Lubab: ‘On the capture of Golconda, the Emperor appointed Abdur Rahim Khan as censor of the city of Haiderabad with orders to put down infidel practices and innovations, and destroy the temples and build mosques on the sites.’ That was in 1687 AD. In 1690 AD, he ordered destruction of temples at Ellora, Trimbakeshwar, Narasinghpur, and Pandharpur.

Aurangzeb also destroyed, Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Kashi, Uttar Pradesh - which considered as the most scared hindu temple and land.

In 1698 AD, the story was repeated at Bijapur. According to Mirat-i-AhmadT: 'Hamidud-din Khan Bahadur who had been deputed to destroy the temples of Bijapur and build mosques there, returned to court after carrying out the order and was praised by the Emperor.' As late as 1705 AD, two years before he died, 'the emperor, summoning Muhammad Khalil and Khidmat Rai, the darogha of hatchet-men' ordered them to demolish the temple of Pandharpur, and to take the butchers of the camp there and slaughter cows in the temple.' Cow-slaughter at a temple site was a safeguard against Hindus rebuilding it on the same spot.

The saddest part is, all of this information, the bloodiest part of Indian History is never shown to the people, they grow up learning, Mughals were great emperors that built great things. When none of that holds any ounce of truth. It should be said without any censorship, these tyrants destroyed the culture, tradition and religions of India.

With all this information, if you're still defending these tyrants, if you still "want them around", if you still insist "it wasn't that bad", you absolutely do not care about "human rights", every activism you take part in is just performative. And I do not respect you or your opinion on any social issue.

[alloycarbonsteel]

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[vidushi-trickytravellers]

Tribal Tourism in Odisha

India is blessed with the vibrant cultural heritage of assorted ethnic tribes. Odisha, the land of paddy meadows and palm-fringed silver seashores, temples, streams, cascades and tribal community, is restored with major enchantments such as the temples of Bhubaneshwar and Puri, miles of pristine beaches and the stunning Sun Temple of Konark. If understanding people of other cultures and discovering about their indigenous culture is what fascinate you the most, then nothing can be promising than planning an excursion to the tribal villages of Odisha. Undertaking Odisha tribal tour will let you explore the tiny tribal towns in Odisha, communicating with the locals, and closely observing their aged old traditions.

It is home to 62 groups of tribes and 24% of its population is tribal. These tribes fill as the soul of the state and are the ones who maintain to date their culture and tradition unchanged. These famous tribes of Odisha primarily survive on farming, fishing, agriculture, hunting and gathering all of which is characterised as subsistence economy. Regardless, with the changing time, few of them made their route to the mining and industrial belts of the state. Some popular tribes of Odisha like Koya, Mohali, and Loharas are specialised in tasks like cattle breeding, toolmaking, and basket weaving. Furthermore, a sightseeing voyage to the Tribal Museum in Odisha makes people come close with the conventions and culture of these tribes, their way of living, how they characterize their essence in the form of their clothing and much more.

Intriguing Facts About Odisha

Situated in Odisha, Dhanu Jatra is the world’s largest open-air theatre.

Odisha’s dance form – Odissi, is one of India’s oldest existing dance forms.

Shree Jagannath Temple encompasses the world’s largest kitchen.

Bhubaneshwar is adorned with nearly 600 spectacular temples.

Mayurbhanj houses rocks that date back 3 billion years.

Tribes of Odisha

Kondhs

Kondh is one of the biggest tribes in Odisha that idolise hills, nature, and rivers. The community of the Kondh tribe have a fundamental knowledge of the mountains, trees, wilderness, and plants.

Sauras

Sauras is one of the historical tribes in India that also uncover their recognition in the Hindu epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana. The tribe has an unusual shamanic culture and its people are the incredible craftsman of Saura paintings.

Bondas

One of the nation's fundamental tribes inhabiting in the picturesque hills in Malkangiri district, Odisha. The distinct culture, fascinating traditions, and conventional clothing make Bonda the most famous tribal community in the state.

Santhals

The outstanding warriors during the British dynasty in India and furthermore greatly fun-loving ones are the people of the third-largest tribe of India - Santhal. Music and dance are actions that are cherished the most by Santhals.

Gonds

A warrior tribe that inhabits the peaks of Koraput, Balangir, Sunderbagh, Kalahandi, and Sambalpur is Gonda. Not only India's but Gond is one of the largest tribes in South Asia.

Bhumias

Regarded as the most-cherished tribe in the state, the Bhumia tribe is vibrant in tradition and culture. The distinct marriage trends and unique traditions make Bhumia a must-visit tribe in India.

Oraons

Regarded as the greatly advanced and developed tribes amongst all presented in the list, Oraons have triumphed in tea plantations. Today, several of the Oraon people are moved to Indian metro cities.

Koyas

Amongst the more than 60 Odisha's tribes, Koyas is one of the top tribes with vibrant ancient tradition, culture, art, and customs. Apart from Malkangiri, Odisha, the courageous people of Koya tribes furthermore inhabits some portions of Andhra Pradesh and Chattisgarh.

Parajas

Believers of multiple gods and goddesses, the Prajas are the residents of wildernesses and hills. The people of this wonderful community have a unique fascination and love for music and dance and are primarily agriculturists.

Gadabas

Asserted to be the ancientest and historical tribe in Odisha that tracks its history from the Ramayana period is Gadava. It is furthermore the most colourful tribe that maintain their livelihood through agriculture, hunting, and fishing.

History of Tribes of Odisha

Since prehistoric days the territory of Odisha has been resided by myriad people. The earliest colonists of Odisha were fundamental hill tribes. Although prehistoric communities cannot be specified, it is established that Odisha had been colonized by tribes like Saora or Sabar from the Mahabharata days. Saora in the mountains and the Sahara and Sabar of the plains persist to be a significant tribe scattered almost all over the state. A maximum of the tribal people have been influenced by Hindus and have embraced Hindu traditions, customs and rituals.

Since its earliest perceived history, the territory that roughly resembles present-day Odisha has gone by myriad names, largest notably Utkala (or Okkala), Kalinga, and Odra Desha (or Oddaka), which emerged in historical literature as designations for specific tribes. The ancient Greeks inferred the latter two groups as Kalingai and Oretes. Those titles eventually became recognized with particular territories.

Tribal Society and Culture of Odisha

The antiquity of Odisha is validated by its ancient communities who prevail to occupy their traditional residence spots in remote regions in the rich wildernesses and mountainous cores. Soaked in the mystery that encompasses their historical ways, the Odishan tribals persist to be a source of deep attention not merely for anthropologists and sociologists but furthermore for multiple travellers who gather to Odisha in the exploration of the unusual mystique of this considerably unexplored state.

Lush forests, a mountainous landscape and remote regions of land support Odisha assist a thriving tribal population. Of the 645 Scheduled Tribes enrolled in India, Odisha hosts the largest volume – 62 indigenous tribal communities inhabit in the state.

Intact for centuries and generally untouched by civilisation, the historical tribal colonies are found on highlands or close to rivers streaming near jungles, far from the plains. Yet, the cultural ethos, individuality and strength of the state are deeply impacted by its affluent ethnic tribal diversity. While few share common traits, each tribe diversifies largely in terms of lifestyle, cultural traditions, spiritual beliefs, mythology, language and appearance.

A tribal economy is run essentially by actions around the wilderness. Maximum communities were hunter-gatherers, who furthermore performed some fishing as a basis of livelihood. Agriculture and farming are moreover trained with the slash and burn method or shifting cultivation. Though, larger tribes have embraced modern agricultural techniques and cattle breeding. Several regional tribes sustain themselves with crafts and artisan techniques such as tool-making, textile and basket-weaving, and metal craft. The regional haat (market) is the best time to observe myriad tribes together. Haats are held on particular days at precise platforms and offer tribals an arena to buy provisions or livestock or sell their wares. Despite poverty and a battle for survival, they still conserve their heritage and passion for music, dance and celebration.

The southwestern part of the state maintains the largest concentration of tribal population in the subcontinent. When you go southwest of Bhubaneswar to Baliguda in Phulbani district, you attain the entry point to the tribal hills. The road passes through magnificent countryside and forested peaks sal trees, and a conventional tribal tour provides travellers with an opportunity to experience the mysterious heritage of Odisha. Stop at Deshia Paroja villages en route to Jeypore and proceed further south to the Thursday haat of the Bonda and Gadaba tribes at Onukudelli and observe Dhurubas at Gupteswar. The Tribal Museum at Koraput is a nice introduction to the state’s affluent tribal culture. Every Friday, Kundli, 65km from Jeypore, hosts the biggest haat in the whole tribal region with up to 10,000 people travelling the market to trade. Here, one may locate the Paraja tribe. Proceed 145km from Jeypore to Rayagada to explore the Kutia Kondh weekly market on Tuesdays at Kotgad and the Dongria Kondh market at Chatikona on Wednesday.

Best Time To Visit Odisha

Summers in Odisha can rise to a stinging 37 degrees. This hot temperature makes it very difficult to travel. As such, the winter season is the perfect time to plan a trip as temperatures rise to a maximum of 28 degrees. Also, the state is in its genuine bloom that is a visual treat for the eyes.

How To Reach Odisha

By Road – Orissa has a detailed network of state and national highways, making it easily available to the remainder of the nation. In fact, the length of national highways has more than doubled in the previous four years. Orissa State Road Transport Corporation comprises inter bus services. However, you may likewise opt for other modes of road travel.

By Rail – Bhubaneshwar Railway Station is one of the most crucial stations in the state. It is exceptionally convenient too! Just to call a few, the station is nicely connected to Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Kolkata. No matter which state you come from, possibilities are, it has a direct train to Bhubaneshwar.

By Air – Odisha’s sole airport hails from the capital town. Biju Patnaik International Airport has direct flights to domestic locations such as Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Raipur, Varanasi, and Chennai. Also, it assigns international flights to and from Thailand and Malaysia.

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[climbingrocksandstuff-blog]

Seattle, Washington

 May 24th to May 28th, 2018

A documentation of my mom and I’s adventures in the Emerald City.

That is me by the actual Space Needle. I grew a bit, or maybe the needle shrunk a little. We may never know 

The wonderful human being I get to call my mother takes her daughters on a long weekend trip to celebrate their college graduation. I choose the destination Seattle, Washington. Why there, you are thinking? Well, in all honesty, it probably stemmed from my minor obsession with Grey’s Anatomy. But the main reason I wanted to go to Seattle was that I have yet to experience the Northwest region of the States. The dream one day is the road trip the west coast, but I will save that for another adventure. 

The trip started out pretty rough. Our flight was scheduled to leave at 6:40am Thursday morning. So that meant we had to leave our house at 4:00 am to drive and park our car at the airport. Wednesday night I was waitressing at Somerby, my summer job, and one of my coworkers was sick so I had to close that night and ended up leaving work at 2:30 am. By the time I got home, showered and finished packing it was 3:15am. I had time to take a 45-minute nap before we had to be in the car to catch our flight.

THURSDAY

I’ll fast forward through me getting crappy sleep on the plane in a no leg room plane to arriving in Seattle. Let me pause here for a second to explain what I pictured Seattle was going to be like. I pictured a Duluth like city, where all the building and houses are on one big hill, the water is stretched at the edge of the hill, the trees are green, the sky is grey, and hipsters are ruling the streets. 

I was partially correct except I missed some majors parts that make the city what it is today. The graffiti, the homeless population, the horrible transportation system, and the lack of Minnesota nice. 

For those who aren’t aware of how Seattle is set up, let me explain it. The airport is south of Seattle. Seattle is made up of different districts and sits on the edge of the Elliot Bay. Surrounding the bay is many large islands that can be accessed easiest by ferries.

Okay, lets hit play now. We get our bags, follow the signs to the Link Light Rail system, and jump on the Link to head to the city (about a 35-minute ride). As we rode the link I felt as if I was Katiness (from the Hunger Games) riding the train through the districts on her victory tour. Every time the Link stopped, the area was different. First, it was all towering evergreens and beautiful houses, then it turned into an Asian American cultured area, then graffiti was covering all the buildings and houses were boarded up with chains on the windows. I wasn’t expecting such a prominent change going district to district. 

We got off the Link at Pioneer Square, the closest district to the ferry terminal. We stepped foot onto the street to the smell of garbage, a lady screaming I MADE IT... WE’VE DONE IT, people mumbling to her to shut up, and a group of homeless people sleeping on the sidewalk. I looked at Mom and thought I choose this city, oh god why did I do this to us. 

We headed to the ferry terminal with our overpacked luggage trailing us. We stayed in an Airbnb on Bainbridge Island, so each day we were able to travel on the ferry and enjoy the beautiful views of the city. 

Our Airbnb, The Cottage  

We settled into our little cottage and ferried back to the city to begin our long list of touristy things to see. We explored Pioneer Square’s hidden waterfall, took the Underground Tour and walked under the streets of Seattle, and got lost in Pike Place Market. It was a very long, full packed day. 

FRIDAY 

We took an uber to the ferry terminal in the morning. We ferried to Seattle in the morning with the plan to explore a couple more districts in the north. We took the link to Capitol Hill and then walked for about an hour. We wandered through gorgeous neighbors and down 45-degree hills. We reached the Japanese Gardens. It was a beautiful garden with a koi-filled pond in the middle. It was another tranquil area hidden within Seattle. 

The Japanese Gardens 

We then Ubered back to the Capitol Hill station, because we were not about to walk up those hills! We ate at a local chain hot spot, Dick’s Drive-In then jumped back on the link and headed to the Seattle downtown center. We had to also jump on a monorail to actually reach the downtown area. 

The downtown center is the home of the space needle, Chihuly Glass and Garden, MOPOP, weekly festivals, the Armory, and the Pacific Science Center. A folk festival was happening while we visited so we walked through all the pop tents and ended up sitting down with a physic. I am not completely sure if I trust physics but I gave it a try! My mom has always believed in this practices, so I am sure there is some truth to it. It was kind of an emotional process because you are so vulnerable. I enjoyed it although and would do it again. 

We also went to the Chihuly Glass and Garden Museum. It is a beautiful museum that holds Dale Chihuly glass blown sculptures.  He is the same person that made those chandeliers in the Mayo Clinic Gonda Building in Rochester. It was a very cool experience to walk through. 

Chihuly Glass and Garden exhibits

We then used a shared bike system and biked towards the water to the look around the Olympic Sculpture Garden, an outside museum. We then biked the boardwalk, shopped around, and then ferried back to Bainbridge. 

We ended up taking 6 different modes of transportation on Friday. 

SATURDAY

Saturday was the most relaxing day of the four. We shuttled to the ferry terminal and then boarded the ferry. We were headed back to the airport to rent a car for our last two days. On the ferry, people would leave puzzles in booths so mom and I would race to finish the puzzle before the ferry reached Seattle. 

Seattle, WA skyline from the ferry

Once we got the car we headed to Alki Beach, a California like beach south of Seattle. People were playing volleyball, relaxing on the sand, even some kids were braving the ice cold water. We ate and shopped around for a bit then headed to Fremont, north of Seattle. We toured Theo’s Chocolate factory, shopped at this rad store called Evo. and visited the famous troll. 

The Fremont Troll 

SUNDAY

For our last day, we explored Bainbridge Island and then went to Seattle to tour some places we have yet to see. We grabbed breakfast at this little quaint cafe and ate on our cottage deck with the view of Mount Rainier. The mountain was so prominent all day long. 

The view of Mount Rainier on our way to the airport 

Bainbridge Island is a gorgeous place. Most of the island is a forest with small neighborhoods and big houses tucked within it. We drove on the edge of the island, stopping at different beach access points. We walked on a beach and the view of the mountains was breathtaking. It took us a minute to realize that we were walking on a beach full of clam shells. With each step we took, we were shattering the shells. 

We spent a few hours shopping the local businesses on Bainbridge Island before we ferried to Seattle for the last time. We went to the MOPOP, Museum of Pop Culture, and wandered the building for hours. It was full of a variety of exhibits all having to do with either music or film. There was this horror-themed room where there were interactive displays all around. Props used in famous horror films and tv shows filled the room. They even had severed heads they used in The Walking Dead and Michael Meyers costume that was worn in the Halloween films. 

The outside of MOPOP

I had a great time exploring a new city and spending some one on one time with my mom. This trip will be a memory I will always cherish. Thank you Mom!

[ijtsrd]

On A New Monogenean ectoparasites Wallagotrema gondai n.sp. From Edible Fresh water Shark Wallago attu of District Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India

by Surya Prakash Mishra "On A New Monogenean-ectoparasites Wallagotrema gondai n.sp. From Edible Fresh-water Shark Wallago attu of District Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38450.pdf

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/38450/on-a-new-monogeneanectoparasites-wallagotrema-gondai-nsp-from-edible-freshwater-shark-wallago-attu-of-district-gonda-uttar-pradesh-india/surya-prakash-mishra

internationaljournalsinengineering, callforpaperengineering, ugcapprovedengineeringjournal

The edible fresh water sharkWallago attu Bloch. And Schn. was collected from local fish market of district Gonda U.P. and examined 22 specimens, of which 07 specimens was found infected with 55 specimens of said species. The site of infection being the gill filaments of the host. The present form differs from Wallagotrema longicirrus Wallagotrema chauhani Wallagotrema orientalisandWallagotrema indicusin number of head organs, shape of cirrus, absence of accessory piece and prostatic reservoir and absence of beak like protuberance at the base of dorsal anchors. On subsequent study, the present form appear to be a new species of the genus Wallagotrema Tripathi, 1959 and Yamaguti, 1961 and described as a new species and named Wallagotrema gondai n. sp. named after the place from where it is collected. 

[phgq]

Limited movement set for Black Nazarene feast in CDO

#PHnews: Limited movement set for Black Nazarene feast in CDO

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY – The city government here has issued a special permit to the Nazarene Parish Church on limited movements for the celebration of the annual feast of the Black Nazarene which started on Friday.

Instead of holding the "Traslacion," or the transfer of the image of the Black Nazarene from its shrine on C.M. Recto Avenue to St. Agustin Cathedral, the local government issued a special permit allowing the church to conduct a motorcade.

Msgr. Persus Cabunoc, Rector of Nazareno Parish Church, said the motorcade will start at 10:30 p.m. or 30 minutes after the curfew is implemented to avoid gathering a crowd since the people are already inside their houses by that time.

Lt. Col. Lemuel Gonda, Cagayan de Oro City police deputy director for operations, said only 15 vehicles are allowed to join the motorcade that will compose of the carriage, a few church workers and priests, Nazareno hijos, police escorts, and media workers who will do the coverage.

Since safe physical distancing will be strictly implemented, only a limited number of passengers will be allowed inside the vehicles participating in the motorcade.

Reporters covering the event are not allowed to bring their own car and instead would be provided a single vehicle by the city government.

Gonda said the motorcade will only take one and a half hours from the shrine, going around the city and back to where it started.

"We estimate the route will go around 14.4 kilometers with the speed of 10 to 15 kilometers per hour," Gonda said.

NO TOUCH POLICY. Devotees are still allowed to enter the shrine to see and pray for the Black Nazarene in CM Recto Avenue in Cagayan de Oro City but because of the pandemic, they are not allowed to touch the image that they used to in the past years. (Photo by Divina M. Suson)

Around 250,000 devotees joined the Traslacion in 2020 that took them three hours to walk from the Nazareno Shrine to the St. Agustin Cathedral.

During the motorcade on Friday night and the series of holy Masses on Saturday, a medical team of the LGU is on standby outside the Nazareno church.

Fr. Melvin Abejero, parish priest of Nazareno Church, said despite the limited movement because of the pandemic, the celebration for the Black Nazarene feast will continue even in a simple way because it is the devotees' way of thanking Jesus of Nazarene who is considered by the devotees as the saints of the poor.

Eight Masses would be held on Saturday -- four from 6 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. and another four from noon to 6 p.m.

The 10:30 am Mass is a concelebrated Mass with Cagayan de Oro Archbishop Jose Cabantan. (PNA)

***

References:

* Philippine News Agency. "Limited movement set for Black Nazarene feast in CDO." Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126741 (accessed January 08, 2021 at 07:37PM UTC+14).

* Philippine News Agency. "Limited movement set for Black Nazarene feast in CDO." Archive Today. https://archive.ph/?run=1&url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126741 (archived).

[myserendipities]

The brain is a complex network containing billions of neurons, where each of these neurons communicates simultaneously with thousands of other via their synapses (links). However, the neuron actually collects its many synaptic incoming signals through several extremely long ramified "arms" only, called dendritic trees. In 1949 Donald Hebb's pioneering work suggested that learning occurs in the brain by modifying the strength of the synapses, whereas neurons function as the computational elements in the brain. This has remained the common assumption until today. Using new theoretical results and experiments on neuronal cultures, a group of scientists, led by Prof. Ido Kanter, of the Department of Physics and the Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University, has demonstrated that the central assumption for nearly 70 years that learning occurs only in the synapses is mistaken. In an article published today in the journal Scientific Reports, the researchers go against conventional wisdom to show that learning is actually done by several dendrites, similar to the slow learning mechanism currently attributed to the synapses. "The newly discovered process of learning in the dendrites occurs at a much faster rate than in the old scenario suggesting that learning occurs solely in the synapses. In this new dendritic learning process, there are a few adaptive parameters per neuron, in comparison to thousands of tiny and sensitive ones in the synaptic learning scenario," said Prof. Kanter, whose research team includes Shira Sardi, Roni Vardi, Anton Sheinin, Amir Goldental and Herut Uzan. The newly suggested learning scenario indicates that learning occurs in a few dendrites that are in much closer proximity to the neuron, as opposed to the previous notion. "Does it make sense to measure the quality of air we breathe via many tiny, distant satellite sensors at the elevation of a skyscraper, or by using one or several sensors in close proximity to the nose? Similarly, it is more efficient for the neuron to estimate its incoming signals close to its computational unit, the neuron," says Kanter. Hebb's theory has been so deeply rooted in the scientific world for 70 years that no one has ever proposed such a different approach. Moreover, synapses and dendrites are connected to the neuron in a series, so the exact localized site of the learning process seemed irrelevant. Another important finding of the study is that weak synapses, previously assumed to be insignificant even though they comprise the majority of our brain, play an important role in the dynamics of our brain. They induce oscillations of the learning parameters rather than pushing them to unrealistic fixed extremes, as suggested in the current synaptic learning scenario. The new learning scenario occurs in different sites of the brain and therefore calls for a reevaluation of current treatments for disordered brain functionality. Hence, the popular phrase "neurons that fire together wire together", summarizing Donald Hebb's 70-year-old hypothesis, must now be rephrased. In addition, the learning mechanism is at the basis of recent advanced machine learning and deep learning achievements. The change in the learning paradigm opens new horizons for different types of deep learning algorithms and artificial intelligence based applications imitating our brain functions, but with advanced features and at a much faster speed.

The brain learns completely differently than we've assumed since the 20th century

[ladystylestores]

India’s coronavirus lockdown: One man’s agonizing 1,250-mile journey home … on foot

But he didn’t stop walking. He couldn’t.

The 26-year-old migrant worker was in the heart of India and only halfway home.

With no way to survive in the cities, and India’s vast railway network mostly shut down, many made the extraordinary decision to walk thousands of miles back to their families.

Many didn’t make it. In one incident, 16 laborers were run over by a freight train as they slept on rail tracks. Roadside accidents took the lives of others. Some died from exhaustion, dehydration or hunger. Those picked up by police were often sent back to the cities they had tried to leave.

Chouhan knew the risks. But on May 12, he decided to defy India’s strict lockdown laws and begin the 1,250-mile (2,000-kilometer) walk from the tech hub of Bengaluru, formerly known as Bangalore, to his village in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh.

He’d hoped to hitchhike much of the way, but with police checking trucks for stowaways, drivers were demanding fees beyond Chouhan’s budget. For 10 days, he’d have to dodge police check points, survive on tea and biscuits, and walk on aching feet.

“I don’t think I can forget this journey through my life,” he says. “It’ll always carry memories of sadness and anxiety.”

A 3 a.m. getaway

Chouhan moved to Bengaluru last December to work as a mason on a construction site.

In his home village of Tribhuvan Nagar, on India’s border with Nepal, he earned 250 rupees ($3.30) a day. In Bengaluru, he could double that.

He and his brother, who worked in another state, sent home about 14,000 rupees ($185) a month — enough to sustain their family of 11, including Chouhan’s two young children and his elderly parents, living in a thatched roof house set amid sugarcane and wheat fields. His nephew Arvind Thakur joined Chouhan in the city as soon as he turned 14, the legal age to work in India.

A video of Rajesh Chouhan’s house. 11 people share this space. “When it rains, we get wet even inside the house”

By the time Chouhan, his nephew and nine other migrants from their hometown had decided to leave Bengaluru, the country had been shut down for weeks. Some rail services resumed on May 3, allowing interstate travel — but only subject to a laborious approval process.

Migrants were told to register their travel plans at police stations. By May 5, more than 214,000 people had registered to leave Karnataka state, of which Bengaluru is the capital. However, barely 10,000 people got tickets as there was limited train service.

Normally Chouhan pays 300 rupees ($4) for the 48-hour trip home in the lowest carriage class, but during the pandemic that price soared to 1,200 rupees ($15.90). State police were assigned to sell tickets and keep order at police stations packed with travelers desperate to get home.

Police in Bengalore told CNN they resorted to using batons to clear the crowds when sales for the day ended. “We were beaten many times. Just because we are poor, doesn’t mean we can’t feel pain,” says Chouhan.

After spending five days outside a police station trying to get a ticket, Chouhan and his fellow villagers decided to walk. They didn’t dare tell their families.

“We were beaten many times. Just because we are poor, doesn’t mean we can’t feel pain.”Rajesh Chouhan

“My father is severely diabetic and it would take a toll on him and my mother if they found out that we were walking home with no money,” Chouhan says. “They’d cry until our return. All of us decided to tell our families that we were waiting for a train.”

He packed four shirts, a towel and a bed sheet in his backpack, along with a couple of water bottles. In his wallet was 170 rupees ($2.25).

At 3 a.m. on May 12, Chouhan slipped out of the single-room tin shed he shared with 10 other people and took his first step towards home.

Getting out

By the time Chouhan left, police checkpoints had been erected across the city. Authorities had not anticipated the rush of migrants wanting to leave and clarified that registration applied only to those “stranded” — not migrant workers. Unauthorized interstate travel was banned.

As Chouhan’s group walked across the city, they were picked up by police and taken to the station where their boss — who never wanted them to leave — would pick them up. While migrant workers have rights under Indian law, often they are unaware of them and exploited by employers.

At noon, police officers changed shifts and the group was left unattended. “We ran out of there,” Chouhan says. “We ran for two kilometers or so until we felt we were safe.”

Following railway tracks to avoid police on the roads, the group walked through the night, with other migrants, until they entered Andhra Pradesh at 1 a.m.

After 46 hours, they had crossed the first of the five state borders they would encounter. They had traveled just 74 miles (120 kilometers).

Hope, solidarity and hunger

Chouhan’s group of 11 migrants had nine smartphones between them, and they used Google Maps to navigate their route. They used the flashing blue dot to see if they were roughly walking in the right direction.

To conserve battery power, only one person would have their phone switched on at a time, and they took turns sharing GPS. There were few places along the way where they could charge their phones.

The first part of their journey traced National Highway 44 — a long, open road that slices India neatly in two, running the length of the country from Tamil Nadu in the south to Srinagar in the north.

This road would take them to Hyderabad, the city of 10 million people that was to be the first big landmark of their journey — and where they’d heard it would be possible to hitchhike the rest of the way home.

As temperatures topped 40 degree Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), Chouhan walked about 5 miles (8 kilometers) an hour, taking a brief rest every two hours. He aimed to complete about 68 miles (110 kilometers) a day. “There was temptation to rest or to nap,” he says. “But we were aware that it became more difficult to walk each time we sat down.”

Along the way, they’d see other groups of migrants heading for the impoverished western states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, which supply India’s cities with much of their migrant labor force.

On the road, Chouhan says traditional divisions of caste and religion — deeply entrenched fault lines in India’s rural hinterlands — disappeared. His group of 11 spanned various castes from the same village. There were Brahmins and Thakurs, who are considered upper castes, and Chamars, who are among the lowest. On the long walk home, it didn’t make a difference.

When Chouhan’s slipper broke on the second day, the group pooled their funds to buy him a new shoe.

Rajesh Chouhan and his friends wait on the divider hoping for a truck to drop them across the border.

After asking locals about ways to bypass the upcoming police checkpost, Rajesh’s 11-member group heading to Gonda join a 17-member group heading to Chattisgarh state. The group peeled off the highway and walked through fields and forests to avoid the police.

But by day three, they had not had a full meal since they left Bengaluru. Each person had started out with between 150 rupees ($2) and 300 rupees ($4). Instead, they’d buy 20 biscuits for 100 rupees ($1.32) and ration them through the day. “We had to save every rupee in case we needed it later during the journey,” says Chouhan.

“Our stomachs would rumble. We’d eat a biscuit to keep it quiet. We were hungry, but we had no choice. We had to save every rupee in case of an emergency.”

Around 8 a.m. that day, they stopped on the side of National Highway 44, thinking they’d rest for an hour. They slept for eight, oblivious to the din of highway noises and blaring trucks.

When they woke up at 4 p.m. Hyderabad was 250 miles (400 kilometers) and one state border away.

Crossing borders

With Hyderabad in his sights, Chouhan walked through the night. But when his group reached the town of Kurnool at about 10 a.m. on day four, a police checkpoint blocked the bridge they had to cross to reach the city.

Chouhan saw a stream of migrants following a winding path along the river and followed them. About 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) away, hundreds were crossing the river on foot.

Chouhan and the others hesitated — they didn’t know how to swim. “Men, women, children, the elderly were crossing the river,” he says. “(We thought) if they can do it, why can’t we.”

After a long, hot summer, the river was only 3 feet (1 meter) deep. Chouhan held his bag over his head, and one of the tallest men in their group carried his 14-year-old nephew.

“We were so scared we’d be washed away. But we kept telling ourselves this was the only way home. This 100-meter stretch was perhaps the most scared we’ve been on this journey,” says Chouhan.

Back on the highway, truckers were asking as much as 2,500 rupees ($33) per person to take them towards Uttar Pradesh. “They told us that if the police caught them, they would have to pay big penalties. They didn’t want to take the risk without getting paid in return. We had no option but to walk,” says Chouhan.

But others were more charitable. One old man offered them their first full meal in four days. A truck driver took pity on their blistered feet and offered them a lift. He was transporting rice across the border and they slept between the gunny sacks, as he drove them around the outskirts of Hyderabad.

After they passed the Telangana-Maharashtra border, they had another stroke of luck — a villager took them to a school where NGOs were giving food and water to migrant workers.

More than 300 migrants were eating when the police arrived.

“They started to abuse us,” Chouhan says. “They said we were not following social distancing and we should sit 10 feet from each other. They attempted to disperse the crowd and told the organizers to stop giving out food.”

But the migrants outnumbered the police. “We started to shout back. Some migrant workers even started to push the police, and the police retreated towards their jeep,” he says. “We were angry. They (police) don’t help us at all — they don’t help people help us.”

Pandemic and death on roads

When Chouhan was in Bengaluru, he had heard about the pandemic that had brought India to a halt. But he says his understanding of it was poor. When he left on May 12, Bengaluru had just 186 confirmed cases. As he walked home, Chouhan chatted to other migrants, huddled in trucks and tractors, and ate meals in close quarters, breaking social distancing regulations.

There is little data on how the migration of urban workers has impacted the spread of coronavirus in India. Returning migrants have tested positive for the disease in large numbers in many states, but it is not known if they contracted Covid-19 in the city or picked it up along the way.

In Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, more than 807,000 interstate migrants were being quarantined by May 24. Of the more than 50,000 tested, 1,569 were diagnosed with Covid-19.

On day five of their journey, the group had a health scare as they approached the central Indian city of Nagpur.

Rajesh’s nephew Arvind Thakur had a fever. “I did get scared,” Thakur says. “I do not understand anything about coronavirus. But the adults told me it cannot be coronavirus as it comes first as a cold and cough. I only had fever. They gave me tablets and I felt better.”

On the highway, the pandemic was a low priority — there were more pressing health concerns: hunger, thirst, exhaustion and pain.

There is no official data on deaths due to India’s lockdown, but a volunteer-driven database set up by a group of Indian academics has been tracking local media reports of fatalities as a consequence of the policy.

By May 24, it had recorded 667 deaths, of which 244 were migrant workers who died while walking home: either through starvation, exhaustion or in rail and road accidents.

“In Bengaluru, I was scared of this illness,” says Chouhan. “Now, all we wanted to do was go home. It was not in our hands if we fell sick during this journey.

“The moment we left Bengaluru, we’d left our fate to the gods.”

The home run

Under the black night sky and thick canopies of the forested areas of Central India that once inspired Rudyard Kipling to write “The Jungle Book,” Chouhan crossed the Maharasthra-Madhya Pradesh border. It was day six.

In Madhya Pradesh, tractors, buses and trucks helped the group along during the day, and hillside villagers provided them with food and even a tanker to bathe in.

Two days later, they reached the border of their home state, Uttar Pradesh. Home was just 217 miles (350 kilometers) away. “We forgot our pain. It felt like we were already home,” says Chouhan.

As they passed Prayagraj, a site central to Hindu spiritualism where the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and Sarasvati converge, Chouhan allowed himself a rare moment of joy.

Joining thousands of Hindus, he took a dip in the cool waters, and said a prayer for the group to reach home early.

One day later, their ninth of walking, they reached the state capital, Lucknow.

Home was just 80 miles (128 kilometers) away. Chouhan bought a meal for the first time since their journey began and called his family. “We told them we had come by train to Uttar Pradesh. We would be home in a day,” he says.

The closer they came home, the more tired Chouhan says they felt.

On day 10, at Gonda, 18 miles (30 kilometers) from their village, Thakur’s body gave up. He fell face first into the asphalt. The group revived him by pouring water on his face.

Then, just 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) from home, they ran into the police. Too weak to run, they allowed officers to place them quarantine.

Finally, they were home.

Home and scarred

The scars of walking up the spine of India took its toll on their bodies.

Chouhan says he has lost 10 kilograms (22 pounds) throughout the journey. He says his feet have swollen so much it’s a struggle to walk to the bathroom in the school where he is meant to be quarantined for 14 days.

However, in Uttar Pradesh the quarantine is badly enforced.

On May 24, Chouhan says his family was allowed to visit him in quarantine.

His children lunged towards him. And when they hugged tightly, Chouhan says he forgot his pain. He has been allowed to visit his family at their home, and go to the pharmacy to buy medicine, which he took out loans to pay for.

Seeing his thatched-roof house, where his big family sleeps, he says, reminds him how his work in Bengaluru has sustained his family.

Yet on May 25, tragedy struck. Thirty-year-old Salman, one of the 11 who walked from Bengaluru, was bitten by a snake just days after arriving home and leaving quarantine.

He died on the way to the hospital.

More than 45,000 people die of snake bites in India annually. More than 200 people attended Salman’s funeral, including some of the group Chouhan walked with, who were meant to be in quarantine.

Chouhan is mourning the tragedy. Yet he realizes that the poverty in his village, the hunger of his family, and the mounting debt from their medical treatment mean he must eventually return to the city to work.

“When I left Bengaluru, I resolved never to return,” he says. “The best I can do is wait for a few weeks to see if the lockdown is relaxed before heading out again for work.”

Design and graphics by Jason Kwok. Edited by Jenni Marsh and Hilary Whiteman.

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[liveindiatimes]

Lucknow: Migrant workers’ exit a bitter pill for Aminabad medicine markets - lucknow

New Post has been published on https://www.liveindiatimes.com/lucknow%e2%80%89migrant-workers-exit-a-bitter-pill-for-aminabad-medicine-markets-lucknow/

Lucknow: Migrant workers’ exit a bitter pill for Aminabad medicine markets - lucknow

Two wholesale medicine markets in Aminabad came to a standstill as migrant workers belonging to other districts left Lucknow in large numbers after the nationwide lockdown, said those who were engaged in the trade.

Around 6000 migrant workers were engaged in approximately 3000 shops in the two markets, from where medicines are supplied across the state and to all retail stores in Lucknow. The area has two wholesale markets, known as the Old Medicine and the New Medicine markets.

Employed as porters (palledars in local parlance), the migrants’ main job was to load and unload medicines from trucks arriving from other states, especially Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh.

“Almost 95% migrant workers have left. Their absence has crippled the market,” said Anil Upadhyay, general secretary of UP Surgical Association.

“Even if we open shops, who will load and unload cartons of medicines from trucks and ferry them to our establishments, which are on the first, second and third floors of multistory complexes?” asked Upadhyay.

Most of the migrant workers in the wholesale medicine markets are from the adjoining districts of Barabanki, Sitapur, Gonda and Bahraich. Some others are from Bihar.

The owners of retail medical stores in the state capital have already started complaining about a shortage of essential medicines.

“These migrant labourers were daily wagers. After the lockdown, almost all of them have left for their hometowns. The medicine market cannot function without them,” said Deep Gupta, a stockist in the New Medicine market in Aminabad.

“Even if these migrant labourers want to return to Lucknow, it will not be easy for them to do so. No one is allowed to move without a pass during the lockdown,” Gupta added.

The situation would return to normal only after the lockdown was over (April 14), he said.

There has been large-scale migration of workers from New Delhi to Uttar Pradesh after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced 21-day lockdown across the country on March 24.

The state capital has become the transit point for these migrant workers arriving from New Delhi on the way to their home towns.

The Lucknow administration has arranged buses for ferrying them to their native districts.

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[anniekoh]

elsewhere on the internet - home and garden capitalist edition

Mallory Ortberg, on writing for TV

HOUSE HUNTERS INTERNATIONAL II

The WOMAN and the REALTOR stand trembling in the BATHROOM. The room is silent. So are they, for a long while.

REALTOR: Perhaps –

WOMAN: Do not say it.

REALTOR: I only –

WOMAN: Please.

REALTOR: I'm sorry.

The WOMAN slides down against the wall and leans against the toilet.

WOMAN: How long, do you think, before the School District arrives? Before we are Zoned?

REALTOR: It does not always come. We may not be Zoned.

WOMAN: Please – now – after all this – do not lie to me. I do not wish for the last thing you say to me to be a lie.

The ugliness behind HGTV’s never ending fantasy loop

And yet … the flippers on HGTV make it look so simple, so fun. At the end of each episode, they run the numbers and show how much the happy couples have pocketed. What could the network be quietly motivating its viewers to do? With our real-estate-loving president — who has Property Brothers programmed into the TiVo on Air Force One and who is eager to do away with regulations, which are one of the forces supposed to protect us from another bust — we could be in the early stages of another crisis. Our collective fate could be largely in the hands of … Christina and Tarek El Moussa and however many people they inspire to pick up a house at a foreclosure sale. Which is why Flip or Flop Vegas may be the best HGTV show yet, as it unfolds in the place where slots are loose and the casinos never close — the best natural habitat for this kind of programming, and, as it happens, one of the worst-hit areas in the last financial crisis.

Why we fell for clean eating

You can’t found a new faith system with the words “I am publishing a very good vegetarian cookbook”. For this, you need something stronger. You need the assurance of make-believe, whispered sweetly. Grind this cauliflower into tiny pieces and you can make a special kind of no-carb rice! Avoid all sugar and your skin will shimmer! Among other things, clean eating confirms how vulnerable and lost millions of us feel about diet – which really means how lost we feel about our own bodies.

... McGregor asked Shaw what she meant when she wrote that people should try to eat only “clean proteins”; meat that was “not deep-fried” was her rather baffling reply. McGregor’s main concern about clean eating, she added, was that as a professional treating young people with eating disorders, she had seen first-hand how the rules and restrictions of clean eating often segued into debilitating anorexia or orthorexia.

“But I only see the positive”, said Shaw, now wiping away tears. It was at this point that the audience, who were already restless whenever McGregor or I spoke, descended into outright hostility, shouting and hissing for us to get off stage. In a book shop after the event, as fans came up to Shaw to thank her for giving them “the glow”, I too burst into tears when one person jabbed her fingers at me and said I should be ashamed, as an “older women” (I am 43), to have criticised a younger one. On Twitter that night, some Shaw fans made derogatory comments about how McGregor and I looked, under the hashtag #youarewhatyoueat. The implication was that, if we were less photogenic than Shaw, we clearly had nothing of any value to say about food (never mind the fact that McGregor has degrees in biochemistry and nutrition).

I realised that the crowd were angry with us not because they disagreed with the details (it’s pretty clear that you can’t have sugar in “sugar-free” recipes), but because they disliked the fact that we were arguing at all. To insist on the facts made us come across as cruelly negative. We had punctured the happy belief-bubble of glowiness that they had come to imbibe from Shaw. It’s striking that in many of the wellness cookbooks, mainstream scientific evidence on diet is seen as more or less irrelevant, not least because the gurus see the complacency of science as part of what made our diets so bad in the first place.

Neo-neoliberalism

Thirdly, neoliberalism treats competition as the crucial and most valuable feature of capitalism. There is a simple reason for this: Through processes of competition, it becomes possible to discern who and what is valuable. As Friedrich Hayek argued, competition is a “discovery process.” In the absence of well-organized competition, there is either a single myopic viewpoint imposed by intellectuals and planners (the problem of socialism); or there is a relativist cacophony of voices, all seeking to drown each other out (the problem of democracy). But this raises the urgency of competitions being well-planned and administered, hence the power of auditors, rankings, ratings, coaches, motivational techniques, and sporting metaphors in contemporary culture. 

Immigration crackdown and the Idaho dairy industry

Idaho dairy industry representatives estimate that between 85 to 90 percent of on-site dairy workers in the state are foreign-born. The U.S. Department of Labor and other estimates suggest that nearly half to 70 percent of all U.S. farm laborers are undocumented

That’s why farmers’ groups have for years pushed Congress, unsuccessfully, to make it possible for them to legally employ immigrants they say are desperately needed.

The tension burst into the open this summer in Magic Valley when news broke that Jerome’s county commissioners were close to signing a potential $1.37-million-a-year deal to rent county jail beds to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, which would use them to house detainees before possible deportation.

The commissioners were intrigued by the prospect of guaranteed federal dollars. ICE officials said in a statement to the Center for Public Integrity that “ensuring there are sufficient beds available” to meet the demand for detention “is crucial to the success of ICE’s overall mission.”

But in Jerome, the proposal drove a wedge through the community of fewer than 23,000 people.

Opponents of the ICE proposal, led by the dairy industry, envisioned workers fleeing and agents closing in on employers and employees. Chobani, which employs more than 1,000 Magic Valley residents warned in a letter to commissioners that without high-capacity dairies, “our business simply could not exist in its current and thriving form.” An ICE contract would “exponentially increase the fear of families being broken apart and communities being ritually interrogated—an outcome that would ripple far and wide,” wrote Michael Gonda, Chobani’s senior vice president of corporate affairs.

Chobani, one of the area’s top employers, is itself is an immigrant story. Its founder, Hamdi Ulukaya, is a Turkish immigrant who’s come under attack for welcoming Muslim immigrants, including refugees who’ve been hired to work at Chobani’s plant in Twin Falls.

“I am tired of the illegals running things,” one supporter wrote on a Facebook page set up to push for the deal. “If you want to come here, then do it the right way.”

But there is no right way, local dairy farmers argued. They explained to elected officials and the public that the current immigration system does not provide visas for dairy workers to enter the United States, or a path for undocumented workers already here to become legal.

“Agriculture is the first rung of the American Dream,” said Naerebout. “You also have to look at it from a moral position. These people have helped our industry grow to where it is. They should be the highest priority for us.”

...

Expecting American-born workers to fill all dairy jobs is unrealistic, farmers say, because Americans have their pick of other jobs that aren’t as grimy and can pay more. Hildegardo Torres, in his 50s and an immigrant who received amnesty in 1986, is a supervisor who watches over milking and storage equipment for an unidentified farm.

“Sometimes they come, these American guys,” Torres said. “They work, they try, they leave. And the next day they don’t come anymore.”

Howell, an electrician, said it didn’t occur to him that renting jail beds to ICE would frighten people. Based on what the local sheriff and ICE representatives told commissioners, he envisioned ICE agents dropping off people at the jail they’d picked up elsewhere and not conducting any more enforcement in Jerome than usual.

“This is the hardest thing I’ve had to deal with as a commissioner,” Howell said. “Jerome’s economic driver is the dairies and agriculture.”

He suggested “the feds get off their rears” to figure out how to create a dairy labor force that’s not undocumented.

[juudgeblog]

Allahabad High Court – A Walk Through History

This article is written by Sadhvi Bhardwaj, of Indore Institute of Law, Indore. This article deals with the origin of Allahabad High Court and its present working culture.

Introduction

Allahabad High Court – Structural Organisation

The Allahabad High Court consists of the officers and officials of Registry with the apex two posts Registrar General and Senior Registrar reserving for HJS (Higher Judicial Service) officers and both the posts are filled up from amongst one of the senior most HJS officers. Registrar General is the head of all the Officers and Officials working in the High Court. The Office staff at High Court of Judicature at Allahabad is broadly divided into four Cadres:

General office Cadre – General Office cadre is the nodal cadre for handling all the administrative and judicial work in the Hon’ble court and ensuring judicial work is carried out in a streamlined and time-bound manner.

BS Cadre and PS Cadre – BS (Bench Secretary) and PS (Private Secretary) cadres are specialized cadres and are attached to Hon’ble judges to assist them in judicial proceedings and other miscellaneous work. These posts are filled through departmental examination.

Computer Cadre- It consists of officers and officials in following hierarchy:

       System Manager

       Senior System Analyst

       System Analyst

       Programmer Gr. 1

       Programmer Gr. 2

       Computer Operator A, B & C

The origin of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.

The High Court in Allahabad was conceived on 18.06.1866 under the Royal Charter of Her Majesty Queen Victoria i.e. The Letters Patent of 17.3.1866. It procured its present status under the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation Order) 1948 upheld w.e.f 19.07.1948. The High Courts Act, 1861, ordered by British Parliament, accommodated the substitution of Supreme Courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay and for the foundation of High Courts in their places. It likewise accommodated the foundation of High Courts in some other piece of Her Majesty’s regions, excluded in the purview of another High Court by Letters Patent.

The High Court in Allahabad was set up by the Letters Patent of 17.03.1866 for the North Western Province supplanting the old “Sudder Diwani Adalat” of Agra, which arrived at an end on 13.06.1866. The principal Chief Justice and the Judges of the High Court of North-Western Provinces at Allahabad were named in the above Letters Patent itself. For a long time, amid 1866 to 1869 the High Court in this manner framed, kept on working at Agra and it was not before the pre-winter of 1869 when the Chief Justice first sat at Allahabad.

Establishment of the new province – Oudh

In 1834, the Upper Provinces were isolated from the Presidency of Bengal and another administration of Agra was constituted which was superseded by the North-Western Provinces in 1836. The zone of North-Western Provinces and the territory of Oudh were named as United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in the year 1902. The entire territory was set under the ward of the Governor in 1921 on the execution of India Constitutional Reforms. After the decisions of 1920, a Legislative Council was framed at Lucknow in1921 and Lucknow was made the Capital. The territory was named “Joined Provinces” in 1937.

Prior, the domains of twelve areas of Oudh, to be specific, Lucknow, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Rai Bareilly, Pratapgarh, Barabanki, Gonda, Behraich, Sitapur, Kheri, Hardoi and Unnao, which were under the British Crown were brought under the locale of the Judicial Commissioner of Oudh at Lucknow vide the Government of India Order dated 04.02.1865. In 1925 vide U.P. Act No.IV of 1925, the Chief Court of Oudh was constituted with one Chief Justice and four puisne Judges swapping the Judicial Commissioner’s Court for the above Districts. In the above foundation, two courts i.e. the High Court in Allahabad for North-Western Provinces and the Chief Court of Oudh at Lucknow, were at the same time working and were practicing the forces of the High Courts over the separate domains. The current two courts additionally alluded to in Section 219 of the Government of India Act, 1935 were amalgamated and the new High Court of Judicature at Allahabad was set up w.e.f. 26.07.1948 under the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation Order) 1948 which was issued in activities of forces under Section 229 of the Government of India Act, 1935.

The Amalgamation Order of 1948

The High Court of Allahabad practices supervisory justice and control over the subordinate legal by uprightness of Bengal, Agra and Assam Civil Courts Act, 1887. The Amalgamation Order 1948 in Article 3 gives that the High Court in Allahabad and the Chief Court in Oudh might constitute one High Court by the name of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. Article 3 of the Amalgamation Order – 1948 is quoted below: –

“As from the appointed day, the High Court in Allahabad and the Chief Court in Oudh shall be amalgamated and shall constitute one High Court by the name of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad (hereinafter referred to as “the new High Court”)”

A plain reading of Article 14 of the Amalgamation Order, 1948, makes it clear that the Judges of the High Court might sit at Allahabad or at such different places as the Chief Justice may name with the approval of the Governor. It additionally gives that at the very least two judges as the Chief Justice every once in a while, choose, should sit at Lucknow all together exercise jurisdiction and power in regard of cases emerging in the region of Oudh region. At the end of the day, a bench of the new High Court of Judicature was named at Allahabad with another bench or bench or at the very least two judges at Lucknow just for the twelve districts of Oudh territory. Article 14 of the Amalgamation Order 1948 is reproduced herein below: –

“The new High Court, and the Judges and division Courts thereof, shall sit at Allahabad or at such other places in the United Provinces as the Chief Justice may, with the approval of the Governor of the United Provinces, appoint: Provided that unless the Governor of the United Provinces with the concurrence of the Chief Justice otherwise directs, such judges of the new High Court, not less than two in number, as the Chief Justice may from time to time nominate, shall sit at Lucknow in order to exercise in respect of cases arising in such area in Oudh as the Chief Justice may direct, the Jurisdiction and power for the time being vested in the new High Court: Provided further that the Chief Justice may in His discretion order that any case or class of cases arising in the said areas shall be heard at Allahabad.”

Late enforcement of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India was authorized considerably later on after the development of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. In this manner, the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad isn’t a making of the Constitution of India. It owes its birthplace to the High Courts Act of 1861, Letters Patent of 1866 and the Amalgamation Order of 1948. The Constitution of India, not the slightest bit condenses, adjusts or influences the expert, ward, status and the presence of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. It, in any case, asserts and endorses of the High Court for each State including one for the State of U.P. Article 214 of the Constitution of India in unequivocal terms gives that there might be a High Court for each State. Article 214 of the Constitution of India is reproduced below: –

Art. 214: “There shall be a High Court for each State. “The place of sitting of the High Court at Allahabad, Lucknow and such other places as the Chief Justice may appoint, may not be misconstrued to mean creating a new High Court within the same State.

The absence of permanent bench in the court.

In a reported five judges choice of the Supreme Court of India on account of Nasirudin Vs. State Transport Appellate Tribunal, AIR 1976 SC 331, the Hon’ble Supreme Court following out the historical backdrop of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad inferred that there is no perpetual bench of the High Court at Allahabad. The benches at Allahabad and Lucknow might be changed as per arrangements of the Amalgamation Order 1948 i.e. at the attentiveness of the Chief Justice with the endorsement of the Governor. The Chief Justice of the High Court has no energy to increment or diminishing the zones of the Oudh every now and then.

The Hon’ble Supreme Court in yet another case, Federation of Bar Association in Karnataka Vs. Association of India announced in JT 2000 SC 303 completely decided that there is no principal appropriate to have a bench of the High Court at somewhere else on the ground of separation nor the foundation of the bench can be chosen the enthusiastic and wistful contemplations. The High Court itself is the most appropriate apparatus to choose whether it is fundamental and attainable to have a bench outside the essential bench. At the point when the board of trustees of judges constituted by the Chief Justice has disfavoured the foundation of a bench, the Chief Justice can’t be pressurized to take an alternate remain through strikes and disturbance.

Formation of another bench in western Uttar Pradesh

It is from the newspapers that the present Union Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs had kept in touch with the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court looking for his supposition on the development of a bench of the High Court in western Uttar Pradesh. The Chief Justice on discussion with ten senior-most Judges of the Court had rejected agree to build up another bench of the High Court, as had been done progressively by the past Chief Justices before. In this specific situation, one can’t bear to dismiss report of Justice Jaswant Singh Commission which was set up to think about the modalities, attractive quality and the achievability of constituting or making a bench of the Allahabad High Court somewhere else in the State of U.P in perspective of the long-standing interest of a bench in western piece of the State. The Commission prescribed for a circuit bench at Agra from the separation perspective of the general population of the slope area of the State who was neither one of the wells associated by street or generally with Allahabad nor were had of adequate intends to movement such long separation for prosecution. In any case, the said proposals of the Commission lost all its importance once a different State of Uttaranchal was set up by the U.P State Reorganization Act, 2000 w.e.f. 9.11.2000 for the thirteen slope regions of the State of Uttar Pradesh, to be specific, Pauri Garhwal, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Dehradun, Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudraprayag, and Haridwar.

A different High Court for the State of Uttaranchal was constituted around the same time under Section 26 of the Act which enabled the President to advise the place of Principal bench of the High Court and the Chief Justice of the said High Court to tell, if important, extra place or places of sitting of the said High Court with the endorsement of the Governor. Indeed, generally, the said proposals of the Commission are of no outcome as there is nothing on record openly to demonstrate that the Government at any point acknowledged the said report.

Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court.

The retiring age of Chief Justice is 62 years and Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale is the present Chief Justice of the Court and following is the list of Chief Justices till date: –

Sl. No. Chief Justices Tenure 1. Walter Morgan (judge) 1866-1871 2. Robert Stuart 1871-1884 3. William Comer Petheram 1884-1886 4. John Edge 1886-1898 5. Louis Addin Kershaw 1898 6. Arthur Strachey 1898-1901 7. John Stanley    1901-1911 8. Henry Richards 1911-1919 9. Edward Grimwood Mears 1919-1932 10. Shah Muhammad Sulaiman 1932-1937 11. John Gibb Thom 1937-1941 12. Iqbal Ahmad 1941-1946 13. Kamala Kanta Verma 1946-1947 14. Bidhu Bhushan Malik 1947-1955 15. O.H. Mootham 1955-1961 16. Manulal Chunilal Desai 1961-1966 17. Vashishtha Bhargava 25/2/1966-7/8/1966 18. Nasirullah Beg 1966-1967 19. Vidyadhar Govind Oak 1967-1971 20. Shashi Kanta Verma 1971-1973 21. Dhatri Saran Mathur 1973-1974 22. Kunwar Bahadur Asthana 1974-1977 23. D. M. Chandrashekhar 1977-1978 24. Satish Chandra 1978-1983 25. Mahesh Narain Shukla 1983-1985 26. Hriday Nath Seth 1986 27. Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty 1986-1987 28. Dwarka Nath Jha 1987 29. Amitav Banerji 1987-1988 30. Brahma Nath Katju 1988-1989 31. B. P. Jeevan Reddy 1990-1991 32. Manoj Kumar Mukherjee 1991-1993 33. S. S. Sodhi 1994-1995 34. A. Lakshman Rao 1995-1996 35. D. P. Mohapatra 1996-1998 36. N. K. Mitra 1999-2000 37. Shyamal Kumar Sen 8/5/2000-24/11/2002 38. Tarun Chatterjee 31/1/2003-26/8/2004 39. Ajoy Nath Ray 11/1/2005-26/1/2007 40. Hemant Laxman Gokhale 7/3/2007-8/3/2009 41. Chandramauli Kumar Prasad 20/3/2009-7/2/2010 42. Ferdino Rebello 26/6/2010-30/7/2011 43. Syed Rafat Alam 4/8/2011-8/8/2012 44. Shiva Kirti Singh 17/10/2012-18/9/2013 45. Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud 31/10/2013-12/5/2016

Reporting and citation

The Allahabad High Court Judicature provides with private journals that report Allahabad High Court Judgements such as: –

  Allahabad Criminal Cases

  Allahabad Law Journal

   Allahabad Daily Judgements

   Allahabad Civil Journal

   Allahabad Weekly Cases

   Allahabad Rent Cases

   Revenue Decisions

   U.P. Local Bodies and Education Cases

   Lucknow Civil Decisions (LCD)

 Judicial Interpretation on Crimes (JIC)

Landmark decisions of the Allahabad High Court

There are plenty of cases lying under the Allahabad High Court, that are resolved or are waiting to get resolved but what had earned the court a great fame is its judicial participation in those cases which has resulted in shaping the Indian Legal System and obviously their unforgettable judgments made by the eminent jury. The court till date has delivered a number of judgments that kept the powerful ruling class in check and has played an important role in establishing the rule of law in India post-independence. Some of those are pen-down below:-

The Indira Verdict– Under this, the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was convicted by a single-judge bench of Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court on 12 June 1975. Facts state that Indira Gandhi won the 1971 parliamentary election from Raebareli defeating Rajnarayan, a socialist leader. She was challenged by him on the grounds of violation of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and electoral malpractices and was even found guilty. The court in her judgment prohibited her from contesting elections for six years and also excluded her of all electoral posts.

The Babri Judgement– Under the following, the Allahabad High Court ruled that Ram Lalla, the Nirmohi Akhara, and the Waqf Board will be the joint-title holder of the Ayodhya disputed land over ‘Babri Masjid-Ram Janmabhoomi’ suit and thus, the land will be divided into three settlements. This judgment was given after six years of filing suit by a special full bench of the court. The decision made was to distribute two-thirds of the disputed land to Hindu claimants, one-third to the Sunni Muslim Waqf Board. Also by the majority of 2-1, the court claimed that birthplace of Lord Ram was right beneath the central dome of the destroyed mosque.

The ban on ‘Caste Rallies’- The Allahabad High Court judgment over banning of caste rallies with immediate effect issuing notices to the Centre, Uttar Pradesh Government, in July 2013 was a prominent decision taken for refining politics. A bench of Justices Uma Nath Singh and Mahendra Dayal put brakes on such rallies in the most populated state of the nation via the pronouncement on a PIL lodged for the ban on rallies that target the caste of the common folk for gaining maximum votes during elections.

Kids to study only in ‘Government Schools’– Though the Indian Government Schools provide ninety percent (90%) children’s’ populace with the necessities required, still face the neglected situations. Looking at such, the Allahabad High Court in August 2015, gave a tremendous decision over the education of the children of all Government officials. The judgment was to send the children of all the Government authorities only to Government schools for getting educated. This was to ensure that these schools run in a good condition and the responsibility to keep a record and check of this was awarded to the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh.

Judgment on the Triple Talaq– Of all the judgments till date, ‘Triple Talaq’ is the most controversial. At present, this atrocity has disturbed the judicial conscience and is lying pending in the apex court. However, the decision given by a single-judge bench of Justice Suneet Kumar in December 2017, is the most remarkable one. The Allahabad High Court considered the act of Triple Talaq to be cruel and unconstitutional. It impedes and drags India from being a nation and ruins the rights of Muslim wives. The court stated that no personal law can be above the Constitution and thus, has banned it.

Controversies

Being the nation’s largest high court, the Allahabad High Court has always been in the limelight due to various controversies regarding its judicature and the working of its law counselors. Some of the most recent controversial matters are discussed below:-

A list of 33 senior lawyers prescribed by the Allahabad high court collegium for the judgeship in the nation’s biggest high court has stirred a discussion with no less than 33% of them purportedly identified with sitting and resigned judges of the Supreme Court and the Allahabad HC. A portion of the recommended names incorporates the brother-in-law of a sitting SC judge, a first cousin of another SC judge other than children and nephews of a few previous judges of the apex court and the Allahabad HC. Altogether, no less than 10 advocates in the list of 33 are said to be identified with previous or sitting judges, other than a senior supporter who is allegedly the law partner of the wife of a senior politician in Delhi. The law ministry received several complaints from the Allahabad and Lucknow bar against the proposals and has asked the Intelligence Bureau (IB) for a record verification on every one of these legal advisors. It is likewise checking if the HC collegium has given sufficient opportunity to candidates from the SC/ST, OBC and minority networks, other than ladies. In the three arrangements of in excess of 83 recommendations made by the Allahabad HC since 2015, not very many had a place with OBC/SC/ST, ladies or the minority community.

The Supreme Court had issued a notice on 4 May’18 in an appeal filed by the Allahabad High Court against its own judgment dealing with the question of superintendence of the High Court over family courts. The High Court was represented by Advocates Jagjit Singh Chhabra and Yashvardhan while the matter was heard acknowledged by a Bench of Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice R Banumathi, which issued a notice to the respondent, Uttar Pradesh Judicial Services Association.

Chief Justice of India (CJI) Dipak Misra on 31 January’18 recommended the impeachment of Justice Shri Narayan Shukla, the eighth senior-most judge of the Allahabad High Court, following an adverse report about him by an in-house panel set up by the CJI. The Supreme Court noted how Justice Shukla, on September 4, even made some corrections to the September 1 order. When the impeachment motion is moved in Parliament, an investigation is conducted. If the findings of guilt are confirmed, the impeachment motion changes to removing of the judge through votes of the majority. However, the CJI has set the process in motion with a letter to the Prime Minister for the impeachment of the judge. The trigger was a scathing report of a misconduct by an internal probe into a medical college admission scam by the committee led by Madras High Court Chief Justice Indira Banerjee.

The Supreme Court on 22 October’18 upheld its controversial remarks that something was “rotten” in the Allahabad High Court where the “uncle judges syndrome” was rampant and needed cleansing. On 26 November’18, the remarks were made in a 12-page order while making the insinuation that several judges of the high court suffer from ‘uncle judge’ syndrome, which refers to judges passing favorable orders for parties represented by lawyers known to them. This remark was made because of the rejection of the arguments of senior counsel P.P Rao that even a clarification that some are excellent and good judges would still cause suspicion on the integrity of the judges. All this was done under the bench of justices Markandey Katju and Gyan Sudha Mishra while dismissing the Allahabad High Court’s application for expunging of the remarks.

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[loyallogic]

Allahabad High Court – A Walk Through History

This article is written by Sadhvi Bhardwaj, of Indore Institute of Law, Indore. This article deals with the origin of Allahabad High Court and its present working culture.

Introduction

Allahabad High Court – Structural Organisation

The Allahabad High Court consists of the officers and officials of Registry with the apex two posts Registrar General and Senior Registrar reserving for HJS (Higher Judicial Service) officers and both the posts are filled up from amongst one of the senior most HJS officers. Registrar General is the head of all the Officers and Officials working in the High Court. The Office staff at High Court of Judicature at Allahabad is broadly divided into four Cadres:

General office Cadre – General Office cadre is the nodal cadre for handling all the administrative and judicial work in the Hon’ble court and ensuring judicial work is carried out in a streamlined and time-bound manner.

BS Cadre and PS Cadre – BS (Bench Secretary) and PS (Private Secretary) cadres are specialized cadres and are attached to Hon’ble judges to assist them in judicial proceedings and other miscellaneous work. These posts are filled through departmental examination.

Computer Cadre- It consists of officers and officials in following hierarchy:

       System Manager

       Senior System Analyst

       System Analyst

       Programmer Gr. 1

       Programmer Gr. 2

       Computer Operator A, B & C

The origin of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.

The High Court in Allahabad was conceived on 18.06.1866 under the Royal Charter of Her Majesty Queen Victoria i.e. The Letters Patent of 17.3.1866. It procured its present status under the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation Order) 1948 upheld w.e.f 19.07.1948. The High Courts Act, 1861, ordered by British Parliament, accommodated the substitution of Supreme Courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay and for the foundation of High Courts in their places. It likewise accommodated the foundation of High Courts in some other piece of Her Majesty’s regions, excluded in the purview of another High Court by Letters Patent.

The High Court in Allahabad was set up by the Letters Patent of 17.03.1866 for the North Western Province supplanting the old “Sudder Diwani Adalat” of Agra, which arrived at an end on 13.06.1866. The principal Chief Justice and the Judges of the High Court of North-Western Provinces at Allahabad were named in the above Letters Patent itself. For a long time, amid 1866 to 1869 the High Court in this manner framed, kept on working at Agra and it was not before the pre-winter of 1869 when the Chief Justice first sat at Allahabad.

Establishment of the new province – Oudh

In 1834, the Upper Provinces were isolated from the Presidency of Bengal and another administration of Agra was constituted which was superseded by the North-Western Provinces in 1836. The zone of North-Western Provinces and the territory of Oudh were named as United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in the year 1902. The entire territory was set under the ward of the Governor in 1921 on the execution of India Constitutional Reforms. After the decisions of 1920, a Legislative Council was framed at Lucknow in1921 and Lucknow was made the Capital. The territory was named “Joined Provinces” in 1937.

Prior, the domains of twelve areas of Oudh, to be specific, Lucknow, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Rai Bareilly, Pratapgarh, Barabanki, Gonda, Behraich, Sitapur, Kheri, Hardoi and Unnao, which were under the British Crown were brought under the locale of the Judicial Commissioner of Oudh at Lucknow vide the Government of India Order dated 04.02.1865. In 1925 vide U.P. Act No.IV of 1925, the Chief Court of Oudh was constituted with one Chief Justice and four puisne Judges swapping the Judicial Commissioner’s Court for the above Districts. In the above foundation, two courts i.e. the High Court in Allahabad for North-Western Provinces and the Chief Court of Oudh at Lucknow, were at the same time working and were practicing the forces of the High Courts over the separate domains. The current two courts additionally alluded to in Section 219 of the Government of India Act, 1935 were amalgamated and the new High Court of Judicature at Allahabad was set up w.e.f. 26.07.1948 under the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation Order) 1948 which was issued in activities of forces under Section 229 of the Government of India Act, 1935.

The Amalgamation Order of 1948

The High Court of Allahabad practices supervisory justice and control over the subordinate legal by uprightness of Bengal, Agra and Assam Civil Courts Act, 1887. The Amalgamation Order 1948 in Article 3 gives that the High Court in Allahabad and the Chief Court in Oudh might constitute one High Court by the name of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. Article 3 of the Amalgamation Order – 1948 is quoted below: –

“As from the appointed day, the High Court in Allahabad and the Chief Court in Oudh shall be amalgamated and shall constitute one High Court by the name of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad (hereinafter referred to as “the new High Court”)”

A plain reading of Article 14 of the Amalgamation Order, 1948, makes it clear that the Judges of the High Court might sit at Allahabad or at such different places as the Chief Justice may name with the approval of the Governor. It additionally gives that at the very least two judges as the Chief Justice every once in a while, choose, should sit at Lucknow all together exercise jurisdiction and power in regard of cases emerging in the region of Oudh region. At the end of the day, a bench of the new High Court of Judicature was named at Allahabad with another bench or bench or at the very least two judges at Lucknow just for the twelve districts of Oudh territory. Article 14 of the Amalgamation Order 1948 is reproduced herein below: –

“The new High Court, and the Judges and division Courts thereof, shall sit at Allahabad or at such other places in the United Provinces as the Chief Justice may, with the approval of the Governor of the United Provinces, appoint: Provided that unless the Governor of the United Provinces with the concurrence of the Chief Justice otherwise directs, such judges of the new High Court, not less than two in number, as the Chief Justice may from time to time nominate, shall sit at Lucknow in order to exercise in respect of cases arising in such area in Oudh as the Chief Justice may direct, the Jurisdiction and power for the time being vested in the new High Court: Provided further that the Chief Justice may in His discretion order that any case or class of cases arising in the said areas shall be heard at Allahabad.”

Late enforcement of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India was authorized considerably later on after the development of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. In this manner, the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad isn’t a making of the Constitution of India. It owes its birthplace to the High Courts Act of 1861, Letters Patent of 1866 and the Amalgamation Order of 1948. The Constitution of India, not the slightest bit condenses, adjusts or influences the expert, ward, status and the presence of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. It, in any case, asserts and endorses of the High Court for each State including one for the State of U.P. Article 214 of the Constitution of India in unequivocal terms gives that there might be a High Court for each State. Article 214 of the Constitution of India is reproduced below: –

Art. 214: “There shall be a High Court for each State. “The place of sitting of the High Court at Allahabad, Lucknow and such other places as the Chief Justice may appoint, may not be misconstrued to mean creating a new High Court within the same State.

The absence of permanent bench in the court.

In a reported five judges choice of the Supreme Court of India on account of Nasirudin Vs. State Transport Appellate Tribunal, AIR 1976 SC 331, the Hon’ble Supreme Court following out the historical backdrop of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad inferred that there is no perpetual bench of the High Court at Allahabad. The benches at Allahabad and Lucknow might be changed as per arrangements of the Amalgamation Order 1948 i.e. at the attentiveness of the Chief Justice with the endorsement of the Governor. The Chief Justice of the High Court has no energy to increment or diminishing the zones of the Oudh every now and then.

The Hon’ble Supreme Court in yet another case, Federation of Bar Association in Karnataka Vs. Association of India announced in JT 2000 SC 303 completely decided that there is no principal appropriate to have a bench of the High Court at somewhere else on the ground of separation nor the foundation of the bench can be chosen the enthusiastic and wistful contemplations. The High Court itself is the most appropriate apparatus to choose whether it is fundamental and attainable to have a bench outside the essential bench. At the point when the board of trustees of judges constituted by the Chief Justice has disfavoured the foundation of a bench, the Chief Justice can’t be pressurized to take an alternate remain through strikes and disturbance.

Formation of another bench in western Uttar Pradesh

It is from the newspapers that the present Union Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs had kept in touch with the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court looking for his supposition on the development of a bench of the High Court in western Uttar Pradesh. The Chief Justice on discussion with ten senior-most Judges of the Court had rejected agree to build up another bench of the High Court, as had been done progressively by the past Chief Justices before. In this specific situation, one can’t bear to dismiss report of Justice Jaswant Singh Commission which was set up to think about the modalities, attractive quality and the achievability of constituting or making a bench of the Allahabad High Court somewhere else in the State of U.P in perspective of the long-standing interest of a bench in western piece of the State. The Commission prescribed for a circuit bench at Agra from the separation perspective of the general population of the slope area of the State who was neither one of the wells associated by street or generally with Allahabad nor were had of adequate intends to movement such long separation for prosecution. In any case, the said proposals of the Commission lost all its importance once a different State of Uttaranchal was set up by the U.P State Reorganization Act, 2000 w.e.f. 9.11.2000 for the thirteen slope regions of the State of Uttar Pradesh, to be specific, Pauri Garhwal, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Dehradun, Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudraprayag, and Haridwar.

A different High Court for the State of Uttaranchal was constituted around the same time under Section 26 of the Act which enabled the President to advise the place of Principal bench of the High Court and the Chief Justice of the said High Court to tell, if important, extra place or places of sitting of the said High Court with the endorsement of the Governor. Indeed, generally, the said proposals of the Commission are of no outcome as there is nothing on record openly to demonstrate that the Government at any point acknowledged the said report.

Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court.

The retiring age of Chief Justice is 62 years and Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale is the present Chief Justice of the Court and following is the list of Chief Justices till date: –

Sl. No. Chief Justices Tenure 1. Walter Morgan (judge) 1866-1871 2. Robert Stuart 1871-1884 3. William Comer Petheram 1884-1886 4. John Edge 1886-1898 5. Louis Addin Kershaw 1898 6. Arthur Strachey 1898-1901 7. John Stanley    1901-1911 8. Henry Richards 1911-1919 9. Edward Grimwood Mears 1919-1932 10. Shah Muhammad Sulaiman 1932-1937 11. John Gibb Thom 1937-1941 12. Iqbal Ahmad 1941-1946 13. Kamala Kanta Verma 1946-1947 14. Bidhu Bhushan Malik 1947-1955 15. O.H. Mootham 1955-1961 16. Manulal Chunilal Desai 1961-1966 17. Vashishtha Bhargava 25/2/1966-7/8/1966 18. Nasirullah Beg 1966-1967 19. Vidyadhar Govind Oak 1967-1971 20. Shashi Kanta Verma 1971-1973 21. Dhatri Saran Mathur 1973-1974 22. Kunwar Bahadur Asthana 1974-1977 23. D. M. Chandrashekhar 1977-1978 24. Satish Chandra 1978-1983 25. Mahesh Narain Shukla 1983-1985 26. Hriday Nath Seth 1986 27. Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty 1986-1987 28. Dwarka Nath Jha 1987 29. Amitav Banerji 1987-1988 30. Brahma Nath Katju 1988-1989 31. B. P. Jeevan Reddy 1990-1991 32. Manoj Kumar Mukherjee 1991-1993 33. S. S. Sodhi 1994-1995 34. A. Lakshman Rao 1995-1996 35. D. P. Mohapatra 1996-1998 36. N. K. Mitra 1999-2000 37. Shyamal Kumar Sen 8/5/2000-24/11/2002 38. Tarun Chatterjee 31/1/2003-26/8/2004 39. Ajoy Nath Ray 11/1/2005-26/1/2007 40. Hemant Laxman Gokhale 7/3/2007-8/3/2009 41. Chandramauli Kumar Prasad 20/3/2009-7/2/2010 42. Ferdino Rebello 26/6/2010-30/7/2011 43. Syed Rafat Alam 4/8/2011-8/8/2012 44. Shiva Kirti Singh 17/10/2012-18/9/2013 45. Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud 31/10/2013-12/5/2016

Reporting and citation

The Allahabad High Court Judicature provides with private journals that report Allahabad High Court Judgements such as: –

  Allahabad Criminal Cases

  Allahabad Law Journal

   Allahabad Daily Judgements

   Allahabad Civil Journal

   Allahabad Weekly Cases

   Allahabad Rent Cases

   Revenue Decisions

   U.P. Local Bodies and Education Cases

   Lucknow Civil Decisions (LCD)

 Judicial Interpretation on Crimes (JIC)

Landmark decisions of the Allahabad High Court

There are plenty of cases lying under the Allahabad High Court, that are resolved or are waiting to get resolved but what had earned the court a great fame is its judicial participation in those cases which has resulted in shaping the Indian Legal System and obviously their unforgettable judgments made by the eminent jury. The court till date has delivered a number of judgments that kept the powerful ruling class in check and has played an important role in establishing the rule of law in India post-independence. Some of those are pen-down below:-

The Indira Verdict– Under this, the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was convicted by a single-judge bench of Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court on 12 June 1975. Facts state that Indira Gandhi won the 1971 parliamentary election from Raebareli defeating Rajnarayan, a socialist leader. She was challenged by him on the grounds of violation of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and electoral malpractices and was even found guilty. The court in her judgment prohibited her from contesting elections for six years and also excluded her of all electoral posts.

The Babri Judgement– Under the following, the Allahabad High Court ruled that Ram Lalla, the Nirmohi Akhara, and the Waqf Board will be the joint-title holder of the Ayodhya disputed land over ‘Babri Masjid-Ram Janmabhoomi’ suit and thus, the land will be divided into three settlements. This judgment was given after six years of filing suit by a special full bench of the court. The decision made was to distribute two-thirds of the disputed land to Hindu claimants, one-third to the Sunni Muslim Waqf Board. Also by the majority of 2-1, the court claimed that birthplace of Lord Ram was right beneath the central dome of the destroyed mosque.

The ban on ‘Caste Rallies’- The Allahabad High Court judgment over banning of caste rallies with immediate effect issuing notices to the Centre, Uttar Pradesh Government, in July 2013 was a prominent decision taken for refining politics. A bench of Justices Uma Nath Singh and Mahendra Dayal put brakes on such rallies in the most populated state of the nation via the pronouncement on a PIL lodged for the ban on rallies that target the caste of the common folk for gaining maximum votes during elections.

Kids to study only in ‘Government Schools’– Though the Indian Government Schools provide ninety percent (90%) children’s’ populace with the necessities required, still face the neglected situations. Looking at such, the Allahabad High Court in August 2015, gave a tremendous decision over the education of the children of all Government officials. The judgment was to send the children of all the Government authorities only to Government schools for getting educated. This was to ensure that these schools run in a good condition and the responsibility to keep a record and check of this was awarded to the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh.

Judgment on the Triple Talaq– Of all the judgments till date, ‘Triple Talaq’ is the most controversial. At present, this atrocity has disturbed the judicial conscience and is lying pending in the apex court. However, the decision given by a single-judge bench of Justice Suneet Kumar in December 2017, is the most remarkable one. The Allahabad High Court considered the act of Triple Talaq to be cruel and unconstitutional. It impedes and drags India from being a nation and ruins the rights of Muslim wives. The court stated that no personal law can be above the Constitution and thus, has banned it.

Controversies

Being the nation’s largest high court, the Allahabad High Court has always been in the limelight due to various controversies regarding its judicature and the working of its law counselors. Some of the most recent controversial matters are discussed below:-

A list of 33 senior lawyers prescribed by the Allahabad high court collegium for the judgeship in the nation’s biggest high court has stirred a discussion with no less than 33% of them purportedly identified with sitting and resigned judges of the Supreme Court and the Allahabad HC. A portion of the recommended names incorporates the brother-in-law of a sitting SC judge, a first cousin of another SC judge other than children and nephews of a few previous judges of the apex court and the Allahabad HC. Altogether, no less than 10 advocates in the list of 33 are said to be identified with previous or sitting judges, other than a senior supporter who is allegedly the law partner of the wife of a senior politician in Delhi. The law ministry received several complaints from the Allahabad and Lucknow bar against the proposals and has asked the Intelligence Bureau (IB) for a record verification on every one of these legal advisors. It is likewise checking if the HC collegium has given sufficient opportunity to candidates from the SC/ST, OBC and minority networks, other than ladies. In the three arrangements of in excess of 83 recommendations made by the Allahabad HC since 2015, not very many had a place with OBC/SC/ST, ladies or the minority community.

The Supreme Court had issued a notice on 4 May’18 in an appeal filed by the Allahabad High Court against its own judgment dealing with the question of superintendence of the High Court over family courts. The High Court was represented by Advocates Jagjit Singh Chhabra and Yashvardhan while the matter was heard acknowledged by a Bench of Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice R Banumathi, which issued a notice to the respondent, Uttar Pradesh Judicial Services Association.

Chief Justice of India (CJI) Dipak Misra on 31 January’18 recommended the impeachment of Justice Shri Narayan Shukla, the eighth senior-most judge of the Allahabad High Court, following an adverse report about him by an in-house panel set up by the CJI. The Supreme Court noted how Justice Shukla, on September 4, even made some corrections to the September 1 order. When the impeachment motion is moved in Parliament, an investigation is conducted. If the findings of guilt are confirmed, the impeachment motion changes to removing of the judge through votes of the majority. However, the CJI has set the process in motion with a letter to the Prime Minister for the impeachment of the judge. The trigger was a scathing report of a misconduct by an internal probe into a medical college admission scam by the committee led by Madras High Court Chief Justice Indira Banerjee.

The Supreme Court on 22 October’18 upheld its controversial remarks that something was “rotten” in the Allahabad High Court where the “uncle judges syndrome” was rampant and needed cleansing. On 26 November’18, the remarks were made in a 12-page order while making the insinuation that several judges of the high court suffer from ‘uncle judge’ syndrome, which refers to judges passing favorable orders for parties represented by lawyers known to them. This remark was made because of the rejection of the arguments of senior counsel P.P Rao that even a clarification that some are excellent and good judges would still cause suspicion on the integrity of the judges. All this was done under the bench of justices Markandey Katju and Gyan Sudha Mishra while dismissing the Allahabad High Court’s application for expunging of the remarks.

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Le Prince de Monaco Albert II se met à la voiture électrique

Le Prince de Monaco Albert II se met à la voiture électrique Sa majesté le Prince Albert II de Monaco, homme de son temps reconnu pour son goût, possède désormais une voiture électrique. Les résidents de Monaco, représentant l'élite du monde des affaires, sont d'ailleurs tous en train d'acheter le même véhicule : la Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet, sortie en 2017, un cabriolet Maybach de six mètres, modèle qui occupe désormais la pole position du marché des voitures de luxe exclusives. Le ministre des Infrastructures ukrainien, Volodymyr Omelyan

La Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet a été lancée pour le marché américain. Les concessionnaires pensaient que les 200 modèles que le constructeur Daimler AG veut mettre en vente seraient écoulés outre-Atlantique, mais une majorité de voiture a en réalité été commandée à Monaco. D'après l'expert français Denis Astagno, cela s'explique du fait du coût de ce modèle - 2,734,000 euros - mais aussi du fait que l'un des premiers acheteurs ait été le Prince Albert II. Sur les 200 véhicules déclarés par Daimler AG, 136 ont d'ores et déjà été vendus. Après s'être penché sur la liste des acheteurs, Denis Astagno révèle, comme initialement prévu, que le nombre de véhicules vendus au Moyen-Orient était peu important. Outre Monaco, ces cabriolets ont trouvé des acheteurs aux Etats-Unis et dans la Région administrative spéciale de la République populaire de Chine, Hong Kong. Aucun véhicule n'a été acheté en Russie. D'après le journaliste polonais Grzegorz Schmacak, qui a été le premier à prendre connaissance de la liste des acheteurs de la Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet, le refus de l'élite russe d'acheter ce nouveau modèle s'explique par la politique intérieure de Vladimir Poutine. Les milliardaires russes achètent généralement leur voiture incognito. Toutefois, un modèle a été vendu en Europe centrale. Le ministre des Infrastructures ukrainien, Volodymyr Omelyan, a en effet acquis une de ces automobiles sous le nom de son épouse. D'après Grzegorz Schmacak, trois de ces voitures ont été vendues en Amérique du Sud. L'une d'entre elles a été achetée par le magnat de la finance vénézuélien Juan Carlos Escote. Les prévisions tablent sur deux ventes supplémentaires dans la région compte tenu de la flotte qui sera livrée à New York. Dans de nombreux pays d'Amérique du Sud, les représentants de l'élite locale pourraient ultérieurement commander la Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet à la fois depuis New York et Monaco. D'après le spécialiste du marché automobile au Moyen-Orient Ayub Amer, une quarantaine d'unités de ce modèle devraient être vendues dans les pays du Golfe peu après leur apparition dans les rues de Monaco et de Hong Kong. Au vu de la liste des acheteurs, Denis Astagno estime que " compte tenu du revenu des acheteurs de la Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet, on peut dire que ce modèle de voiture électrique de Daimler AG est en train de devenir le nouveau jouet favori des milliardaires. " Liste complète des propriétaires exclusifs de Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabriolet Ajay Piramal Nationalité : Inde - Destination : Paris (France) Woody Johnson Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Garrett Camp Nationalité : Canada - Destination : Londres (Royaume-Uni) Ananda Krishnan Nationalité : Malaisie - Destination : Vienne (Autriche) Gautam Adani Nationalité : Inde - Destination : Londres (Royaume-Uni) Henry Kravis Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Guo Guangchang Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Xu Shihui Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Gabe Newell Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) David Cheriton Nationalité : Canada - Destination : New York (USA) Henry Laufer Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : New York (USA) Zong Qinghou Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Paris (France) Enrique Razon Nationalité : Philippines - Destination : New York (USA) Dannine Avara Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Paris (France) Albert Grimaldi Nationalité : Monaco - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Andre Hoffmann Nationalité : Suisse - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) James Packer Nationalité : Australie - Destination : Zürich (Suisse) Jeremy Jacobs Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : New York (USA) Antti Herlin Nationalité : Finlande - Destination : Milan (Italie) Svetlana Bevza Nationalité : Ukraine - Destination : Istanbul (Turquie) Bertil Hult Nationalité : Suède - Destination : Milan (Italie) Jim Leprino Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : New York (USA) Jim Pattison Nationalité : Canada - Destination : Geneva (Suisse) Brian Acton Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Joseph Lau Nationalité : Hong Kong - Destination : Hong Kong (Chine) James Chambers Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) John Catsimatidis Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Vivien Chen Nationalité : Hong Kong - Destination : Hong Kong (Chine) Jon Ramon Aboitiz Nationalité : Philippines - 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Destination : Paris (France) Johan Johannson Nationalité : Norvège - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Wei Jian Jun Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Zurich (Suisse) Carl Cook Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) David Thomson Nationalité : Canada - Destination : Londres (Royaume-Uni) Vera Michalski-Hoffmann Nationalité : Suisse - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Quek Leng Chan Nationalité : Malaisie - Destination : Hong Kong (Chine) Kwon Hyuk-Bin Nationalité : Corée du Sud - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha Nationalité : Thaïlande - Destination : Singapour (Singapour) Kelcy Warren Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Wu Shaoxun Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Ken Griffin Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : Londres (Royaume-Uni) Xavier Niel Nationalité : France - Destination : Milan (Italie) Lee Shin Cheng Nationalité : Malaisie - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Simon Xie citizen: Chine Technology - Destination : Milan (Italie) Li Shu Fu Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Lin Yu-Lin Nationalité : Taiwan - Destination : New York (USA) Valeriy Khoroshkovskiy Nationalité : Ukraine - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Lino Saputo Nationalité : Canada - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Lucio Tan Nationalité : Philippines - Destination : Paris (France) Magdalena Martullo-Blocher Nationalité : Suisse - Destination : Paris (France) Majid Al Futtaim Nationalité : Emirats arabes unis - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Michael Kadoorie Nationalité : Hong Kong - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Maja Hoffmann Nationalité : Suisse - Destination : Monte Carlo (Monaco) Wu Yajun Nationalité : Chine - Destination : Hong Kong (Chine) Margarita Louis-Dreyfus Nationalité : Suisse - Destination : Monaco-Ville (Monaco) Yusaku Maezawa Nationalité : Japon - Destination : Istanbul (Turquie) Marc Benioff Nationalité : Etats-Unis - Destination : San Francisco (USA) Kim Jungju Nationalité : Corée du Sud - 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