#Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

[women-throughout-history]

Rukmini Devi Arundale

Rukmini Devi Arundale, born on February 29, 1904, in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, served as a catalyst in revitalising the traditional Indian dance form of Bharatanatyam and establishing its prominence. Born into a Brahmin family with deep connections to the Theosophical Society, Rukmini was exposed to humanist ideals from an early age. Her marriage to George Arundale, a theosophist and educator, further fuelled her interest in theosophy and dance. While travelling with her husband and Annie Besant, Rukmini learned of Western ballet and began studying ballet at the suggestion of the famous ballerina Anna Pavlova. Pavlova also encouraged her to explore classical Indian dance forms, which allowed Rukmini to pursue Bharatanatyam To challenge the norms and re-establish the artistic integrity of the dance, Rukmini undertook formal education at the Bharatnatyam master Pandanalur Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai. In 1935, at the age of 31, Rukmini made her debut in Bharatanatyam, defying societal expectations and setting a precedent for upper-class women to participate in the dance form. Witnessing the transformative power of Bharatanatyam, she established the International Academy of the Arts in Adyar in 1936, later renamed Kalakshetra. Through Kalakshetra, Rukmini aimed to teach and popularise Bharatanatyam through this institution, saying that she felt she had been "ushered into a new world of rhythmic beauty and meaning." Rukmini Devi Arundale's contributions extended beyond dance. In 1934, she founded educational institutions that blended theosophy and traditional Hindu values. Her vision for Kalakshetra went beyond preserving Bharatanatyam; it became a hub for various Indian traditions and the propagation of theosophical ideals. Her efforts earned her accolades, including the Padma Bhushan in 1956 and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1967. As an animal lover, she chaired the Animal Welfare Board and played a key role in passing the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act in 1952. In the same year, she made history as the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member In 1977, she declined the offer to become the President of India from Prime Minister Morarji Desai post the death of President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. In a 2013 speech at Kalakshetra, President Pranab Mukherjee delivered the first Rukmini Devi Memorial Lecture, emphasising on the significance she has had on the revival of classical dance and her commitment to the cultural renaissance of India. 

further links:

[webmastersanjeet]

The Emergency in India: A Dark Chapter in Indian Democracy

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the Emergency in India on June 25, 1975, and it lasted until March 21, 1977. It was one of the most contentious and difficult times in the country's post-independence history. India's democratic fabric was severely impacted during this 21-month period by the suspension of constitutional rights, massive political repression, and press control.

Background and Causes

The June 12, 1975, ruling of the Allahabad High Court, which found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices and ruled her election to the Lok Sabha illegal, served as the immediate impetus for the Emergency. Gandhi convinced President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed to issue a state of emergency, saying internal disturbances, in response to growing political pressure and the threat of losing power. Still, the Emergency had deeper origins. Social trouble economic hardships, and political instability characterized the early 1970s. Widespread discontent has been exacerbated by food shortages, unemployment, and inflation. Massive demonstrations and strikes were orchestrated by the opposition, led by figures like Jayaprakash Narayan, who demanded that Gandhi step down and that structural changes be made.

Key Features of the Emergency

Suspension of Fundamental Rights: The Indian Constitution's fundamental rights were suspended as a result of the declaration of emergency. In effect, the rights guaranteed by Articles 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), and 22 (protection from arbitrary arrests) were repealed. The Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) allowed for the arrest of political opponents, activists, and dissenters without the need for a trial.

Censorship and Media Control: The freedom of the press was drastically reduced. Newspapers had to get official permission before printing anything, which resulted in extensive censorship. Reputable editors and journalists were arrested, and government-opposing media outlets were closed down.

Political Repression: Countless opposition leaders and activists found themselves behind jail. Prominent people include Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Morarji Desai, and Jayaprakash Narayan were among them. There were harsh crackdowns on political organizations, particularly those that opposed the Congress party.

Forced Sterilizations: The implementation of a contentious and harsh population control program was led by Sanjay Gandhi, the son of Indira Gandhi. Sterilization was forced onto millions of men and women, resulting in massive violations of human rights and public indignation.

Amendments to the Constitution: In an effort to bolster its authority, the administration approved a number of constitutional modifications. The 42nd Amendment, sometimes referred to as the "Mini-Constitution," significantly altered the Constitution by strengthening the executive's power and limiting the judiciary's.

Impact and Legacy

The Emergency had a significant impact on India's democratic institutions and political climate.

.

Erosion of Democratic Norms: During this time, democratic institutions and norms were undermined and there was an unparalleled concentration of power. There was a lot of pressure and influence on the court, which has historically served as a safeguard against executive overreach.

Public Disillusionment: The Indian population was affected by the Emergency in a significant way. There was a general lack of trust in Indira Gandhi's leadership and the Congress party as a result of the arbitrary arrests, violations of human rights, and repression of dissent.

Political Realignment: Following the end of the Emergency, Indira Gandhi and the Congress party suffered a crushing defeat in the 1977 national elections. The first non-Congress government in Indian history was brought to power by a group of opposition parties known as the Janata Party.

Legal and Constitutional Safeguards: The Emergency forced later administrations to implement constitutional and legal protections to stop the occurrence of another authoritarian era. In order to uphold and strengthen democratic institutions and civil freedoms, the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 was passed.

The Indian Emergency continues to serve as an alarming indication of the weakness of democratic institutions and dangers associated with unchecked presidential authority. It underlines how crucial it is to remain vigilant in defending democratic values, the rule of law, and civil freedoms. The lessons learnt during the Emergency era are vital for maintaining and fortifying India's democratic fabric as the nation navigates its democratic journey.

[livesanskrit]

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The Emergency (India).

In India, "The Emergency" refers to a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of the prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be canceled and civil liberties to be suspended. For much of the Emergency, most of Indira Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass forced sterilization campaign spearheaded by Sanjay Gandhi, the Prime Minister's son. The Emergency is one of the most controversial periods of independent India's history.

The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the president of India, and thereafter ratified by the cabinet and the parliament (from July to August 1975), based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #theemergency #emergency #indiaemergency #indiragandhi #stateofemergency #article352 #june25 #celebratingsanskrit #humanrights #fakhruddinaliahmed #indianstates #soniagandhi #indiannationalcongress #rahulgandhi #priyankagandhi

[allindiagovtjobs]

Biography of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

[honeyleesblog]

Astrological Outlook and Character Analysis for Individuals with a May 13th Birthday

They are strangely delicate individuals and have a kind of conduct that makes it simple for them to be tricked by others. Their fearlessness, conviction of their solidarity, and internal strength are very sensible. In any case, they express profoundly clashing political abilities. Brimming with enthusiasm, expectations, projects: they need to satisfy their objectives and plans no matter what. The most straightforward method for beating your imperfections is love. What compromises them: That they can arrive at a high spot, however lose it in a lamentable mishap. They are additionally at risk for falls. Their overstated desire can likewise drag them into perilous circumstances. How to bring up a youngster brought into the world on this day? They have a great deal of persistence and enthusiastically follow the case of others. So their instructors ought to safeguard them from superfluous attributes. Despite the fact that they are extremely difficult, they can be reached with compassion and love. Individuals brought into the world on this day have an inconceivable feeling of excellence, an affection for style, and an imaginative energy that should be sustained. More than anything, they must be enjoyed their propensity to turmoil. Astrological Outlook and Character Analysis for Individuals with a May 13th Birthday 

 In the event that your birthday is May 13, your zodiac sign is Taurus May 13 - character and character character: insightful, quiet, well-suited, energetic, malicious, twofold sided; calling: dental specialist, janitor, railwayman; colors: green, cream, green; stone: red emerald; creature: orangutan; plant: Basil; fortunate numbers: 4,5,11,22,41,46 very fortunate number: 11 Occasions and observances - May 13 Guatemala: Typographer's Day. Spain: დ?scar (Valladolid): Virgin of the Saints, supporter holy person of the town. Spain: Valladolid: San Pedro Regalado, supporter of the city. May 13 VIP Birthday. 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Tolbert, Jr., Liberian legislator, twentieth Leader of Liberia (d. 1980). 1914: Antonia Ferrდ­n Moreiras, Galician mathematician and space expert (d. 2009). 1914: Joe Louis, American fighter (d. 1981). 1914: Carlos Riquelme, Mexican entertainer (f. 1990). 1915: Bernard Schultze, German painter (d. 2005). 1917: Luis Pasquet, Uruguayan author, guide and musician (f. 2013). 1920: Toni Schneiders, German picture taker (d. 2006). 1920: Judith Sulian, Argentine entertainer (d. 1991). 1920: Stuart Max Walters, English botanist (d. 2005). 1922: Lillian Adams, American entertainer (d. 2011). 1922: Otl Aicher, German visual originator and typographer (d. 1991). 1922: Beatrice Arthur, American entertainer (d. 2009). 1922: Billy Gabor, American b-ball player. 1923: Red Festoon, American musician (d. 1984). 1923: Jean Haritschelhar, French author (d. 2013). 1923: Wenceslao Lდ³pez Martდ­n del Campo, Mexican analyst and teacher (d. 1981). 1924: Robert Bailey Drummond, South African botanist and naturalist (d. 2009). 1924: Giovanni Sartori, analyst in the field of Italian Political Theory. 1924: Harry Schwarz, South African legal advisor and legislator (d. 2010). 1925: Sergio Castillo Mandiola, Chilean stone worker (d. 2010). 1926: Wallace Breem, English essayist. 1926: Dewey Phillips, American circle jockey (d. 1968). 1926: Jo Roos, South African craftsman (d. 2010). 1927: Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce, Argentine scholarly pundit (d. 2009). 1927: Herbert Ross, American producer (d. 2001). 1928: Enrique Bolanos, Nicaraguan president somewhere in the range of 2002 and 2007. 1928: დ‰douard Molinaro, French entertainer and producer (d. 2013). 1928: Washington Ortuno, Uruguayan soccer player. 1929: Rigoberto Lდ³pez Pდ©rez, Nicaraguan writer (d. 1956). 1929: Juan Munoz Martდ­n, Spanish essayist. 1930: Josდ© Jimდ©nez Lozano, Spanish essayist and writer. 1930: Emilio Laguna, Spanish entertainer. 1931: Miguel Fernდ¡ndez, Spanish writer (f. 1993). 1931: Jim Jones, American strict (d. 1978). 1931: Gდ©rard Mulliez, French finance manager. 1931: Oscar Cantuarias, Peruvian Ecclesiastical overseer. (f. 2011). 1932: Riverito, Argentine TV have. 1935: Waldemar De Gregori, Brazilian humanist. 1935: Burny Mattinson, American illustrator, screenwriter and chief. 1935: Jan Saudek, Czech craftsman. 1935: Andrდ© Georges Marie Walter Albert Robyns, Belgian botanist (d. 2003). 1935: David Wilkinson, American cosmologist (d. 2002). 1937: Trevor Baylis, English innovator. 1937: Josდ© Agustდ­n Ortiz Pinchetti, Mexican legislator. 1937: Beverley Owen, American entertainer. 1937: Roger Zelazny, American author (d. 1995). 1938: Giuliano Amato, Italian legislator. 1938: Roberto Carnaghi, Argentine entertainer. 1938: Francine Pascal, American author. 1939: Saby Kamalich, Peruvian entertainer. 1939: Harvey Keitel, American entertainer. 1940: Bruce Chatwin, English writer (d. 1989). 1940: Enrique Escudero de Castro, Spanish legislator (f. 2001). 1941: Senta Berger, Austrian entertainer and author. 1941: Jean Froc, French scientist (d. 2009). 1941: Pedro Sabando, Spanish legislator. 1941: Ritchie Valens, American vocalist (d. 1959). 1941: John Vermeulen, Belgian author (d. 2009). 1942: Pდ¡l Schmitt, Hungarian legislator. 1943: Kurt Trampedach Danish painter (d. 2013). 1944: Armistead Maupin, American creator. 1945: Sam Anderson, American entertainer. 1945: Lasse Berghagen, Swedish vocalist and guitarist. 1945: Eduardo Pდ­o de Braganza, Portuguese admirer. 1945: Maneco Galeano, Paraguayan performer (d. 1980). 1945: Lou Marini, American saxophonist. 1945: Adriდ¡n Ramos, Mexican entertainer (f. 1999). 1945: Philippe Roussel, American PC engineer. 1946: Ismail Haron, Thai vocalist (d. 2012). 1946: Marv Wolfman, American illustrator. 1947: Marisa Abad, Spanish moderator. 1947: Marდ­a Badდ­a, Spanish legislator. 1947: Charles Baxter, American author. 1947: დ"scar "Cuervo" Castro, Chilean film and theater entertainer. 1947: Stephen R. Donaldson, American author. 1948: Pepe Cibriდ¡n Campoy, Argentine entertainer, theater chief and dramatist. 1948: Carlos Dდ¡vila, Spanish writer. 1948: Senior member Meminger, American b-ball player and mentor (d. 2013). 1950: Conrado Domდ­nguez, Mexican painter. 1950: Joe Johnston, American movie producer. 1950: Faisal container Abdullah canister Mohammed Al Saud, Saudi legislator. 1950: Ferran Ranდ©, Spanish entertainer. 1950: Stevie Marvel, American performer. 1951: Miguel დ?ngel Uzquiza Gonzდ¡lez, Spanish lawmaker and teacher. 1951: Jorge Trezeguet, French-Argentine footballer. 1952: John Kasich, American lawmaker. 1952: Luis Oruezდ¡bal, Argentine soccer player. 1952: Jorge Luis Siviero, Argentine footballer and mentor. 1953: Kiti Mდ¡nver, Spanish entertainer. 1954: Alejandro Encinas, Mexican lawmaker. 1954: Jorge Garcდ©s, Chilean footballer. 1954: Eugenio Leal, Spanish footballer. 1954: Johnny Logan, Irish vocalist and lyricist of Australian beginning. 1954: Renდ© Stockman, Belgian strict. 1955: Pedro Alba, Spanish footballer. 1955: Marდ­a Cecilia Botero, Colombian entertainer. 1955: Ermy Kullit, Indonesian vocalist. 1956: Oscar Roberto Domდ­nguez Couttolenc, Mexican cleric. 1956: Josდ© Damiდ¡n Gonzდ¡lez, Spanish writer. 1956: Sri Ravi Shankar, Indian Hindu strict. 1956: Roberto დ?lvarez, Spanish entertainer. 1956: Vjekoslav Bevanda, Bosnian-Croat lawmaker. 1956: Michael Jacklin, Dutch stone carver. 1956: Fred Melamed, American entertainer. 1957: Alan Ball, American screenwriter and movie producer. 1957: Kenneth Eriksson, Swedish assembly driver. 1957: Inmaculada Gonzდ¡lez, Spanish legislator. 1957: Claudie Haignerდ©, French researcher, space traveler and lawmaker. 1957: Andrea Klump, German fear monger. 1957: Miguel Sebastiდ¡n, Spanish legislator and financial expert. 1957: Koji Suzuki, Japanese author. 1957: Stefano Tacconi, Italian footballer. 1958: Tshala Muana, Congolese vocalist and artist. 1958: Juan დ?ngel Napout, Paraguayan financial specialist and sports pioneer. 1958: Willie Gonzდ¡lez, Puerto Rican vocalist. 1959: Morten Sather, Norwegian cyclist. 1960: Alberto Mდ¡rcico, Argentine soccer player. 1960: Teresa Palacios Criado, Spanish appointed authority. 1961: Siobhan Fallon Hogan, American entertainer. 1961: Nდ©stor Montalbano, Argentine movie producer. 1961: Dennis Rodman, American b-ball player. 1961: Yutaka Sado, Japanese guide and arranger. 1961: Guido Sდ¼ller, Argentine TV character, entertainer and designer. 1962: Roxana Baldetti, Guatemalan legislator and VP. 1962: Jesდºs Casillas Romero, Mexican legislator. 1962: Eduardo Palomo, Mexican entertainer (f. 2003). 1963: Fernando Carrillo Flდ³rez, Colombian attorney and ambassador. 1963: Alison Goldfrapp, English vocalist. 1963: Wally Masur, Australian tennis player. 1964: Stephen Colbert, American entertainer. 1964: Ronnie Coleman, American jock. 1964: Chris Maitland, English drummer, of the band Porcupine Tree. 1964: Jordi Sდ¡nchez Zaragoza, Spanish entertainer, author, screenwriter and maker. 1964: Tom Verica, American entertainer and movie producer. 1965: Josდ© Antonio Delgado Sucre, Venezuelan mountain dweller (d. 2006). 1965: Chris Washburn, American b-ball player. 1966: Alison Goldfrapp, vocalist and English

[legalupanishad]

Understanding: Emergency Under The Indian Constitution

This article on 'Emergency Under The Indian Constitution' was written by Keerti Tawar, an intern at Legal Upanishad.

Introduction

All relevant provisions related to 'Emergency' will be mentioned by the author. Not only that, but we will go back in time to discover the reason for our country's declaration of emergency if one exists, and the grounds for it. What powers does the president have under the relevant Articles of the Indian Constitution concerning the Declaration of Emergency? Furthermore, we will learn about the validity of our fundamental rights in times of emergency. The author will also highlight the importance of this article's amendment to highlight essential human rights, even during emergencies.

Emergency Under The Indian Constitution

An Emergency can be declared in any State if such a situation arises wherein the state’s machinery failed, and the Centre has to take control over the subject matter of that State in order to restore Democracy. More precisely, the government in the Centre has to look over or gets the power to make any law in the Concurrent list or, for that matter, if it is in the State list. Only the president has the power to do this. The very reason behind this is for the sake of Security, Democracy and to protect the basic rights of the citizens.

History

The first emergency was declared because of the War with the neighbouring nation ‘China’ which was for six years from October 1962 to January 1968. During this time, China attacked India and that was the very reason behind the proclamation of the first emergency on grounds of external aggression under Article 352. Moreover, the president suspended every fundamental right of the citizens during the period of emergency. During the first emergency, there was an Armed conflict between India and Pakistan that started in April 1965 and after some time in September 1965, it converted into war. Finally, in 1966 both countries reached a peaceful conclusion and signed a Tashkent agreement. Because of the armed conflict between India and Pakistan, the second emergency was declared in December 1971. If we go back in time, especially during the 1970s, India experienced its third 'Contentious' emergency, declared by the President, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, on the advice of the Prime Minister of that period, Indira Gandhi. State Emergency was declared in the entire country for 21 months, from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977. The proclamation was motivated by both internal disturbances and threats. The third emergency was contentious for a variety of reasons. Fundamental rights were curtailed, insensitive government programmes such as slum clearance began, members of opposing parties were arrested in large numbers, and press censorship was implemented.

Emergency Under The Indian Constitution

Articles 352 to 360 of the Indian Constitution deal with emergency situations (Part XVIII.) Article 352(1) empowers the President to declare a state of emergency in the event of internal/external disturbances or a financial crisis. - Article 352 refers to a national emergency, - Article 356 to a state emergency, and - Article 360 to a financial emergency. This Article grants the authority to override provisions, which include some fundamental rights. Furthermore, there is no standard procedure for declaring an emergency; it is entirely up to the President.

Emergency Under The Indian Constitution: All You Need to Know

Amendments and Approval

As previously stated, Article 352, but following the 44th Amendment Act of 1978, there are grounds for the declaration of emergency, which becomes important during times of national emergency. The grounds were External aggression, war, or Armed rebellion. The 44th Amendment Act added the phrase "armed rebellion," which replaced the phrase "internal disturbance." Only on these grounds can an emergency be declared, either for the entire country or for a specific region of the country. During the 1976 emergency, the 42nd Amendment was introduced, which states that any amendment made by Parliament cannot be challenged in a court of law, implying that there can be no judicial review. Furthermore, the 38th Amendment made the president's proclamation final and conclusive. Only after the 44th amendment to Article 358, which talks about Article 19, can Article 19 be automatically suspended in cases of war and external aggression, but not in cases of armed rebellion. Under Article 359, the president may issue a proclamation suspending all citizens' fundamental rights. However, following the 44th Amendment, Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even in times of emergency. In addition, the court has the authority to issue a writ of habeas corpus. Most importantly, the grounds of emergency can be reviewed by a judge. Furthermore, a written request from the minister (cabinet) led by the Prime Minister is required. If the president is satisfied with the grounds, the only option is to declare an emergency. Furthermore, the parliament approves such an emergency for six months with a special majority in both houses.

Conclusion

The author would conclude by saying that the purpose of emergency provisions of the Indian constitution is to protect unity, sovereignty, integrity, and security. These provisions are critical in an emergency to protect democracy. Although these provisions were abused during the 1970s, the author believes they are still necessary for our constitution.

List of References

- Rahul Kumar Saini, Emergency provisions in India – a critical analysis, iPleaders Blog, 25 July 2021, available at: https://blog.ipleaders.in/emergency-provisions-india-critical-analysis-2/ - Emergency Provisions, Drishti IAS, 8 August 2020, available at: https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/Paper2/emergency-provisions - PART XVIII EMERGENCY PROVISIONS, Ministry of External Affairs, available at: https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part18.pdf Read the full article

[indizombie]

The Emergency came into effect on June 25 at 11.45 pm when then President, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, signed the proclamation, even though he was alerted by his secretary that it would be constitutionally untenable. The president is expected to act only on the advice of the council of ministers. Indira Gandhi’s cabinet met the next day at 6 am as a formality. President Ahmed was the first in a chain of constitutional authorities and autonomous institutions in our democracy that caved in, betraying their oath of office and abandoning professional integrity. While holding Mrs Gandhi, Sanjay and his henchmen guilty for the Emergency, we generally forget to apportion blame to the others who succumbed when push came to shove. Mrs Gandhi’s cabinet fell in line without a murmur. In Parliament, the entire Congress party, barring two expelled dissidents, meekly raised hands to approve, not just the Emergency proclamation, but several illegal laws. Mrs Gandhi demonstrated her contempt for Parliament by doing away with Question Hour and Calling Attention Motions, declaring that henceforth only important government business would be transacted.

Coomi Kapoor, 'Ruler alone is not accountable, everyone who succumbs to authority is no less guilty', Indian Express

[rnewsworldenglish]

Let New Generations Draw Right Lessons from Emergency, Says Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad

Let New Generations Draw Right Lessons from Emergency, Says Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad

Let the brand new generations draw the precise classes from Emergency, Union minister and BJP chief Ravi Shankar Prasad stated on Thursday whereas attacking the Congress for its “grossly undemocratic” behaviour which he claimed nonetheless continues.

In a collection of tweets on the 45th anniversary of imposition of Emergency, he stated as we speak is the day “to recall the heroic sacrifices…

[amitbchoudhury]

Let New Generations Draw Right Lessons from Emergency, Says Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad

Let New Generations Draw Right Lessons from Emergency, Says Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad

[ad_1]

Let the new generations draw the right lessons from Emergency, Union minister and BJP leader Ravi Shankar Prasad said on Thursday while attacking the Congress for its “grossly undemocratic” behaviour which he claimed still continues.

In a series of tweets on the 45th anniversary of imposition of Emergency, he said today is the day “to recall the heroic sacrifices of people of India…

[livesanskrit]

Send from Sansgreet Android App. Sanskrit greetings app from team @livesanskrit .

It's the first Android app for sending @sanskrit greetings. Download app from https://livesanskrit.com/sansgreet

The Emergency (India).

In India, "The Emergency" refers to a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of the prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be canceled and civil liberties to be suspended. For much of the Emergency, most of Indira Gandhi's political opponents were imprisoned and the press was censored. Several other human rights violations were reported from the time, including a mass forced sterilization campaign spearheaded by Sanjay Gandhi, the Prime Minister's son. The Emergency is one of the most controversial periods of independent India's history.

The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the president of India, and thereafter ratified by the cabinet and the parliament (from July to August 1975), based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #theemergency #emergency #indiaemergency #indiragandhi #stateofemergency #article352 #june25 #celebratingsanskrit #humanrights #fakhruddinaliahmed #indianstates #soniagandhi #indiannationalcongress #rahulgandhi #priyankagandhi

[gouracademy]

WBCS Preparation 14 May 2020: WBCS পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি

WBCS Preparation 14 May 2020: WBCS পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি

WBCS Preparation 14 May 2020: WBCS পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি দৈনিক শীর্ষ কারেন্ট অ্যাফেয়ার্স আপনার সাধারণ সচেতনতা বাড়ানোর জন্য প্রশ্নাবলীর সাথে রয়েছে বিভিন্ন প্রশ্নের উত্তর এবং ব্যাখ্যা। আমাদের মর্��াদাপূর্ণ শীর্ষ WBCS Preparation: 14 May 2020প্রশ্নের সাথে অনুশীলন করুন যা ভারত জুড়ে সমস্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ইভেন্টের পাশাপাশি UPSC , All State PSC, Defence, Bank, Railways এবং বিকল্প পরীক্ষার জন্য বিশেষ…

[sgtechs-in]

Former President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed's nephew's name is not in NRC

Former President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed’s nephew’s name is not in NRC

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[gvt24]

فخرالدین علی احمد وفات فروری 11 فخر الدین علی احمد (3 مئی 1905ء – 11 فروری 1977ء) بھارت کے پانچویں صدر تھے۔ وہ 24 اگست 1974ء سے لے کر 11 فروری 1977ء تک صدر رہے۔ فخر الدین احمد کے دادا خالد علی احمد آسام کے كچاری گھاٹ (گولا گھاٹ کے پاس) سے تھے۔ احمد کی پیدائش 13 مئی 1905ء کو دہلی میں ہوا۔ ان کے والد کرنل ذلنور علی تھے۔ ان کی ماں دہلی کے نواب کی بیٹی تھیں۔ احمد نے گوڈا جلی کے سرکاریاسکول اور دلی سرکاری ہائیاسکول میں تعلیم حاصل کی۔ اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لیے وہ 1923ء میں انگلینڈ گئے، جہاں انہوں نے سینٹ كیتھرين کالج، کیمبرج میں تعلیم حاصل کی۔ 1928ء میں انہوں نے لاہور ہائی کورٹ میں بحیثیت وکیل کام شروع کیا۔ 1925ء میں نہرو سے انگلینڈ میں ملاقات کے بعد وہ انڈین نیشنل کانگریس میں شامل ہو گئے۔ انہوں نے آزادی کی تحریک میں فعال طور پر حصہ لیا۔ 1974ء میں وزیر اعظم اندرا گاندھی نے احمد کو صدر کے عہدے کے لیے منتخب کیا اور وہ بھارت کے دوسرے مسلم صدر بن گئے۔ اندرا گاندھی کے کہنے پر انہوں نے 1975ء میں اپنے آئینی حق کا استعمال کیا اور اندرونی ایمرجنسی کا اعلان کر دی۔ 1977ء میں حرکت قلب رک جانے سے احمد کا دفتر میں انتقال ہو گیا۔ دفتر میں انتقال کرنے والے یہ بھارت کے دوسرے صدر تھے

[daisy-quaking-johnson-blog]

Complete information including 120 general knowledge questions and answers

Question 1. Apart from India, on August 15, Independence Day and which country are celebrated? Answer: Korea

Question 2. Which is the country which has not been the slave of anyone till date? Answer: Nepal

Question 3. How many countries are the world? Answer: 195

Question 4. Which is the largest mosque in the world? Answer: Almalvaya (Iraq)

Q. 5. In which country does the world have no temple? Answer: Saudi Arabia

Question 6. Which is the world's largest ocean? Answer: Pacific Ocean

Question 7. Which country is the most strict law in the world? Answer: Saudi Arabia

Question 8. What is the world's largest wall? Answer: Great Wall of China (China Wall)

Question 9. Which President gets the highest salary in the world? Answer: US President

Question 10. Which is the country where the country does not have a name on the postage stamp? Answer: Great Britain

Question 11. What is the national flower of India? Answer: Lotus

Question 12. Teacher's Day is celebrated? Answer: 5 September

Question 13. When was the atom bomb dropped on Japan? Answer: 1945

Question 14. When World War was fought? Answer: 1914-1918 AD

Prashan 15. Who was the author of the National Anthem "Jana Gana Mana" of India? Answer: Mr. Rabindranath Tagore

Question 16. Who was the author of the famous epic "Mahabharata"? Answer: Mr. Vedavas

Question 17. Which two places does the Himsagar Express run? Answer: From Jammu to Kanyakumari

Question 18.  "General" is an official post of which army? Answer: Army

Question 19. In which Indian state is the holy pilgrimage "Amarnath" located? Answer: Jammu and Kashmir

Question 20. Famous tourist destination "Gulmarg" is situated in which Indian state? Answer: Kashmir

Question 21. What is the width of the narrow gauge of the rail path? Answer: 2 '6 "

Question 22. Where does the "land of the rising sun" go? Answer: Japan

Question 23. Which city is the capital of Madhya Pradesh? Answer: Bhopal

Question 24. Which city is the capital of Afghanistan? Answer: Kabul

Question 25. Which city is the capital of Japan? Answer: Tokyo

Question 26. Which animal is called the ship of the desert? Answer: camel

Question 27. In which year Mahatma Gandhi was born? Answer: 1869

Question 28. What is the width of the meter gauge of the rail path? Answer: 1 meter

Question 29. Which country is the world's largest continent? Answer: Asia

Question 30. Which country is the world's largest country? Answer: Russia

Question 31. Which is the longest animal in the world? Answer: Giraffe

Question 32. Which is the highest mountain peak in the world? Answer: Everest

Question 33. Who was the first President of the Indian Republic? Answer: Mr. Rajendra Prasad

Question 34. Who was the first person to climb Mt. Everest? Answer: Teenging Norge,  Edmund Hillary

Q. 35. Which state is Kargil town? Answer: Jammu and Kashmir

Question 36. What was the first war of Panipat fought between? Answer: Between Babar and Imbrahim Lodi

Question 37. Ajmer is related to Sufi saint? Answer: Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti

Question 38. Which Mughal king established the religious sect "Din-i-Elahi"? Answer: Akbar

Question 39. What is the monsoon winds? Answer: Rainy Season Winds

Question 40. Which of the world is famous for Siberia in Russia? Answer: For its very cold climate

Question 41. The largest circle on earth? Answer: Equator

Question 42. Which Indian leader is known as "Iron Man of India"? Answer: Shri Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

Question 43. In the memory of which rock memorial (rock monument) was dedicated to Kanyakumari? Answer: Swami Vivekananda

Prashan 44. The Jallianwala Bagh is situated in which city? Answer: Amritsar

Question 45. What is the national bird of India? Answer: Peacock

Question 46.  Who gave the slogan of "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan"? Answer: Lal Bahadur Shastri

Question 47. The famous evolution 'who gave the government to the public, to the public, to the public'? Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Question 48. Which religion is associated with Bodh Gaya? Answer: Buddhism

Question 49. Who was the founder of Sikh religion? Answer: Gurunanak Dev

Question 50. When was the first train in India? Answer: April 16, 1853

Question 51. The longest road in India? Answer: Yes . T. Road

Question 52. India is the most educated state? Answer: Kerala

Prison 53. Which part of the body makes urea? Answer: Liver

Question 54.  Who first gave the slogan of "Inquilab Zindabad"? Answer: Sardar Bhagat Singh

Question 55. Which is the highest award of India? Answer: Bharat Ratna

Question 56. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly constituted to constitute the Constitution of India? Answer: Mr. Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Question 57. Indian film actor, 'Shatrughan Sinha' belongs to which state? Answer: Bihar

Question 58. Aligarh is the product for which product? Answer: To make locks

Question 59. In which Indian state is the "Visakhapatnam" port located? Answer: Andhra Pradesh

Question 60. How many planets are there in our solar family? Answer: 8 (eight)

Question 62. Which religion celebrates the "Baisakhi" festival ? Answer: Sikhism

Question 63. Which river arises from Nasik of Maharashtra? Answer: Godavari

Question 64. Where is the oil refinery factory? Answer: Eyelash

Question 65. Under whose leadership did the US gain independence in 1776? Answer: George Washington

Question 66. What type of trees are found in Rajasthan? Answer: Little

Question 67. Anju Bobby George is related? Answer: Athletic ration

Question 68. Which line is parallel to the equator? Answer: Latitude

Question 69. When did Plassey fight? Answer: 1757 AD

Question 70. With whose support Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi rebelled in Gwalior in the rebellion of 1857 AD? Answer: Tatya Tope

Question 71. Where was the death of the last Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar? Answer: Rangoon

Question 72. What was the name of Mahatma Gandhi's wife? Answer: Kasturba Gandhi

Question 73. Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress? Answer: A. O Hume

74. Who was the first Indian Governor General of India? Answer: C. Rajagopalachari

Question 75. Who founded the prayer society? Answer: Atmaram Pandurang

Question 76. What was the main feature of Chola administration? Answer: Rural autonomy

Question 77. What is the food item of silk worms? Answer: Mulberry leaf

Question 78. Which ruler made Grand Truck Road? Answer: Sher Shah Suri

Question 79. Where is the port of Indus Valley Civilization located? Answer: Lothal

Question 80. Which is the largest state in the North-Eastern state? Answer: Arunachal Pradesh

Prison 81. China is located in which direction of Assam? Answer: North direction

Question 82. Which state of Madhya Pradesh additional India touches the boundaries of seven states? Answer: Assam

Question 83. Where is the Kanchan Ganga mountain peak situated? Answer: Sikkim

Question 84. What is the closest home to the sun? Answer: Mercury

Prashan 85. Where is the headquarters of the North-East Frontier Railway? Answer: Maligaon

Question 86. Is found in sugar found in domestic use? Answer: Sucrose

Question 87. Who was the creator of the first Indian film "Raja Harishchandra"? Answer: Dada Saheb Phalke

Question 88. Which person of Assam has been the President of India? Answer: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

Question 89. Book "War and Peace" is a writer? Answer: Leo Tolstoy

Question 90. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner? Answer: President

Question 91.  Who wrote the patriotic song "A Logo of my Vatana "? Answer: Pradeep

Question 92. What is the pressure of air caused by it? Answer: Density

Question 93. What is the measure of the atmospheric dob measurement? Answer: Barometer

Question 94. How many shells (cells) are there in Amoeba? Answer: 1 (one)

Prashan 95. When did Nagaland become the duly state of India? Answer: 1963 AD

Question 96. Which is the largest railway station in the north east frontier railway station? Answer: Maligaon

Question 97. Who appoints the Chief Minister? Answer: Governor

Question 98. Which gas is used in the refrigerator? Answer: Frian

Q. 99. Who were the discoveries of electrons? Answer: J. J. Thomson

Question 100. Who was the author of the first book printed in Assamese language? Answer: Atmaram Sharma

Question 101. Apart from the National Anthem of India, which other national anthem was written by Rabindranath Tagore? Answer: Bangladesh country

Question 102. What is the wire made of a heater? Answer: Nichrome

Question 103. Which is such a tree in which there is no wood? Answer: banana tree

Question 104. The world's largest river island "Majuli" is located in which of Assam? Answer: Patala Pura

Question 105. What is the maximum speed of sound? Answer: steel

Question 106. Who is called the future metal? Answer: Titanium

Question 107. Which element is found in independent realm? Answer: Sulfur

Question 108.  "Whole state of temples" is a state of which is called India? Answer: Tamil Nadu

Question 109. Who was the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra? Answer: Y. B. Chauhan

Question 110. Who is called "Manchester of India"? Answer: Ahmedabad

Question 111. Which river is called the bereavement of Bihar? Answer: Koshi

Question 112. On what date has India been declared a republic? Answer: January 26, 1950

Question 113. Where are the temples of Khajuraho located? Answer: Madhya Pradesh

Prashan 114. Where is the Hawa Mahal located? Answer: Jaipur

Question 115. Where is the big imambara located? Answer: Lucknow

Question 116. What is the Chetak horse related to? Answer: Maha Rana Pratap

Question 117. Who is known for his special contribution in the field of algebraic? Answer: Bhaskar

Question 118. What is the oldest instrument? Answer: Veena

Question 119. The initial specimen of which big temple was constructed and in the state period of Suryavarman II? Answer: Temple of Ankorvata

Question 120.  Where is Amravati Buddhist Stupa? Answer: Andhra Pradesh

[infohubs-blog]

List of Education Minister of India

After the implementation of the Constitution of India, many Education Ministers of India were formed to bring changes in the education system. The period of whose tenure and the list of their names are as follows

1 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1947 - 1958

Dr. K. L. Shrimali 1958 - 1963 3 shri. Humayun Kabir 1963 - 1963 4 shri. M. C. Chagla 1963 - 1966

Shri. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1966 - 1976

Shri. Triguna Sen 1967 - 1969

Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao 1969 - 1971

Shri. Siddhartha Shankar Ray 1971 - 1972

Prof. S. Nurul Hasan(as Minister of State) 1972-1977

Prof. Pratap Chandra Chunder  1977 - 1979

Dr. Karan Singh 1979 - 1980

Shri. B. Shankaranand 1980 - 1980

Shri. S.B. Chavan 1980 - 1981

Smt. Sheila Kaul(as Minister of State) 1981 - 1984

Shri. K. C. Pant 1984 - 1985

Shri. P.V. Narasimha Rao 1985- 1988, 1994- 1995 , 1996 - 1996

Shri. P.Shiv Shankar 1988 - 1989

Shri. V.P. Singh(as Prime Minister) 1989 - 1990

Shri. Rajmangal Pandey 1990 -1991

Shri. Arjun Singh 1991-1994, 2004 - 2009

Shri. Madhavrao Scindia 1995 -1996

Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee (as Prime Minister) 1996 - 1996

Shri. S.R. Bommai 1996 -1998

Dr. Murali Manohar Joshi 1998 - 2004

Shri Kapil Sibal 2009 - 2012

Shri. M. M. Pallam Raju 2012 - 2014

Smt. Smriti Irani 2014 -2016

Shri. Prakash Javdekar 2016 - 2019

Ramesh Pokhriyal 2019 - 2021

Dharmendra Pradhan 2021 – Till Now