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muitindia · 3 years

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Maharishi University of Information Technology and Princeton Hive sign MoU

Maharishi University, US-based Princeton Hive Educational Organization to jointly launch new online courses

Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT) and Princeton Hive sign MoU.

These new courses are in Forensics, Data Science, Animation, Law, Healthcare, Finance and Industrial Courses to benefit students and professionals.

Noida: After having launched many professional courses to help students embark on their chosen careers, Maharishi University of Information Technology (MUIT ) has taken another step in this direction. Maharishi University has signed an MoU with US-based leading edu-tech platform working in the field of artificial intelligence, Princeton Hive. This leading edu-tech platform in the field of artificial intelligence, Princeton Hive, in collaboration with MUIT, will launch new courses in the near future.

These courses are designed to help students and professionals as per the demands of the industry and corporate sectors. Faculty from both Princeton Hive Educational Organization and MUIT will be teaching these courses to students. Apart from this, teachers from related industries and globally prominent experts will also be imparting education to students as guest lecturers.

This information was given on Wednesday, September 22, 2021, at Maharishi University of Information Technology campus located in Sector 110 during a Press meet.

On the occasion, Princeton Hive Educational Organization’s India Advisor Mr Anil Kumar said apart from inking an MoU with MUIT, there were plans to launch different new certificate courses. These courses would be in the fields of Forensics, Data Science, Animation, Law, Healthcare, Finance and Industrial among others. He said these courses will not only increase students’ knowledge level, but these courses will also help students to get self-confidence and jobs of their choice. These courses will help in skill development of working professionals and enhance their career growth.

Addressing the Press conference, Director of Communications, Princeton Hive, Ms Avery Maune said students and working professionals from across the globe could join these courses online. The exams will also be held online. These courses would be of 3, 6, 9 and 11 months duration depending on which course students were opting for. Plans were afoot to launch the first batch of these courses between Dusherra and Diwali in October, 2021.

Director of Operations, Princeton Hive, and cyber security expert Mr David McDermott said artificial intelligence was such a technique through which algorithims, problem solving, languages, logical reasoning, digital processing, bioinformatics and machine biology could be mastered with a lot of ease. Apart from this, this technique would help incumbents develop their capabilities to think, understand and work.

On the occasion, Maharishi University of Information Technology’s (MUIT) Director, Planning and Implementation Mr Dinesh Pathak expressed happiness over the fact that MUIT had signed an MoU with Princeton Hive. He said these courses would help students get a better future. In addition, these courses would help working professionals upgrade their skill development, enhance their careers and get an increase in their incomes too.

Addressing the Press conference, MUIT’s Finance Officer Mr Varun Srivastava and Business Head Mr Neel Mahapatra said they were happy about the MoU. With this step Maharishi University would reach new global heights.

For more detail click here: https://muitonline.com/

#Princeton Hive #Maharishi University #MoU #Artificial Intelligence #Online Certification #Online courses

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pennsylvaniaprelawland-blog · 5 years

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Polygraph Tests: Efficacy and Utility Examined

By Emily Condon, University of Pennsylvania Class of 2021

October 9, 2019

At an early age, the development of deception skills marks progress. Children as young as two

years old begin to concoct lies, often for personal benefit, and these lies reflect the ability of the child to anticipate consequences and others’ behavior. Lying never ceases to provide the opportunity for personal gain, and as humans develop, these opportunities may seem irresistible and weighted, especially in the context of a criminal investigation or career development. Polygraph examinations, colloquially dubbed ‘lie-detector tests,’ seek to measure these diversions from the truth in such settings, and while the mechanisms associated with the exam involve scientific measurements, the test has proven unreliable in most courts, inadmissible evidence. However, the polygraph exam persists, and along with its frequent appearances in movies and on reality television, the tool is used in job screenings and investigations with more frequency than its accuracy imposes. Below, we will examine the utility of this tool and discuss the role it continues to play, despite its suspect reliability.

The most common type of polygraph exam, which happens to be the one that’s most publicized in the media, is the Control Question Test (CQT). In the CQT, the examiner asks both general and specific questions. Specific questions relate to immediately relevant subject matter. For example, in the criminal investigation in the murder of a man by firearm, an examiner might ask the wife of the victim, “Did you shoot your husband in the chest last Tuesday night?” General questions relate to a person’s past, and ask, for example, “Have you ever violated someone’s trust?” (APA) The idea behind this bifurcated line of questioning is to ask general questions that are vague and difficult to answer completely truthfully in order to create a baseline level of anxiety. If the person is innocent, they will be more likely to show signs of anxiety about general questions, because they have definitive, clear answers to the specific questions. Using the example questions above, an innocent wife knows for sure that she didn’t shoot her husband but may fumble when it comes to the question of betraying trust, needing to think back. This creates a situation in which her biological responses indicate more anxiety about general questions rather than specific ones. However, a guilty wife knows she committed the crime, and won’t have the same reaction to specific questions because she must lie to maintain innocence, the lying process often eliciting biological responses linked to deception. (Stromberg, 2014)

In terms of mechanics, the polygraph exam is quite simple. Variation exists across machines, however, in general, examiners attach between four and six sensors to the subject, including finger sensors, chest straps, and a blood pressure cuff. These sensors and others serve to measure the subject’s blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate, and perspiration, among other factors. A combination of these factors and strategic questioning yields physical results for interpretation by the examiner, designed to determine if the subject told the truth throughout his or her questioning. The idea is that when any one of these factors is elevated, breathing rate, pulse, and/or the other aforementioned items measured, the person can be assumed to be lying. (How Stuff Works) A large part of this alleged pseudoscience, however, proves subjective and manipulatable, and as there exists no biologically-based measure for deception, the test surely measures the correlation of biological symptoms, and subsequent findings aren’t as easy to corroborate. “‘There's no unique physiological sign of deception. And there's no evidence whatsoever that the things the polygraph measures — heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and breathing — are linked to whether you're telling the truth or not,’ says Leonard Saxe, a psychologist at Brandeis University who's conducted research into polygraphs.” (Stromberg, 2014)

Another drawback and link in the chain of inadmissibility for this device is the fact that the test can be fooled, and subjects can markedly manipulate the accuracy of the test results. These tests can be stifled through many means, for example, by medication or psychological manipulation. Taking certain muscle relaxants or mind-altering drugs before a polygraph may inhibit the validity of a test, numbing a person to the stimuli and potentially blocking a natural biological reaction to the need to lie for oneself. It’s easy to see how taking a benzodiazepine, for example, designed to limit or inhibit a person’s anxiety, may impact the results of the exam. A person may also engage in thought-control to cause their body to artificially elicit biological responses at strategic moments to create areas of interest on the test results. Publication of these strategies is abundant, and suggests the success of these strategies, which devalue the accuracy of readings further.

The New York Times published an interview with a former Oklahoma City police detective and polygraph examiner named Doug Williams to explain the strategy behind mind control. “‘Before your test, practice deciphering between the two question types. “‘Go to the beach’” when you hear a relevant question, Williams says. Calm yourself before answering by imagining gentle waves and warm sand. When you get a control question, which is more general, envision the scariest thing you can in order to trigger physiological distress; the polygraph’s tubes around your chest measure breathing, the arm cuff monitors heart rate and electrodes attached to you fingertips detect perspiration. What is your greatest fear? Falling? Drowning? Being buried alive? “‘Picture that,’” Williams says.” (Wollan, 2015)

If these tests are so fallible, why do we still use them? One common use for polygraph testing is the screening of job candidates and employees. Those seeking employment with the NSA, CIA, and several other government agencies are often subject to polygraph tests. Additionally, the exams may be used as a scare tactic. The examiner may attempt to convince the subject that this test will reveal the complete truth, so he may as well confess. This strategy has the potential to lead to proof of guilt that may have otherwise flown under the radar, undetected by the exam. These tests may also be used as a deterrent, for example, in post-conviction sexual offender treatment programs. (Bear Forensics, 2019) If a person knows they’ll undergo polygraph testing related to their behavior, they may feel more inclined to perform only behaviors that won’t get them in trouble. (Cummins, 2019)

Clearly, the debate about the role of polygraphs in our society remains active. It’s clear that while polygraphs can point investigators in the right direction, they aren’t fool-proof. A large gap exists between the hard science of DNA testing, for example, and the alleged pseudoscience of interpreting manipulatable and subjective polygraph results, and therefore, it’s clear why most courts don’t allow polygraph testing as admissible evidence. The utility of the exam extends beyond court cases, though, and therefore, extinction of the exam is unlikely any time soon.

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(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/is-a-polygraph-test-admissible-as-evidence-31737.

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/research/action/polygraph.

12 Common Lies That Cheaters Tell says: (2018, December 6).

Polygraph testing explained: Process and steps of a lie detector exam. Retrieved from https://bearforensics.com/2017/08/24/polygraph-testing-explained/.

Conti, A. (2014, November 18). Are Lie Detector Tests Complete... Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qbeaeq/are-lie-detector-tests-complete-bullshit-1117.

Contributors, H. S. W. (2019, September 11). How Does a Lie Detector (Polygraph) Work? Retrieved from https://science.howstuffworks.com/question123.htm.

Cummins, E. (2019, March 18). Polygraph tests don't work as lie detectors and they never have. Retrieved from https://www.popsci.com/polygraph-test-science/.

Handler, M. (n.d.). Polygraph Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from https://apoa.memberclicks.net/polygraph-frequently-asked-questions.

Horton, S., Horton, S., Horton Law PLLC, & Horton Law PLLC. (2018, July 20). Polygraph Testing at Work. Retrieved from https://hortonpllc.com/polygraph-testing-work/.

Kismet, M. (2018, February 9). Polygraph Tests and How to Beat Them. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/How-To-Beat-A-Polygraph-Test.

Stromberg, J. (2014, December 15). Lie detectors: Why they don't work, and why police use them anyway. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2014/8/14/5999119/polygraphs-lie-detectors-do-they-work.

Wollan, M. (2015, April 10). How to Beat a Polygraph Test. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/12/magazine/how-to-beat-a-polygraph-test.html.

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