#FACT exam for Forensic Science 2020 | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

gryffindordaughterofathena · 4 years ago

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30 Questions

Thank you @anntoldst0ries and @genevievemd for nominating me💕💕

Name: Dri

Gender:Female

Zodiac Sign: Aquarius

Height:5'5 almost 5'6

Birthday: 22nd January

Lucky number: I don't really have one

When did you create this blog? August 2020, when I was done tearing my hair apart for the lock down

What do I post? Choices Stuff, mostly Open Heart fanfics and moodboards and occasionally other choices stories too

Last thing I googled:

Do I get asks? No😟 but I'd like to get a few

Why did I choose my URL?: All the simpler ones were already taken and this one was a perfect symbolization of my favourite fandoms as it says my Hogwarts House and Godly Parent (and it sounded cool to me)

My current projects and WIPs:There isn't anything right now with my final exams fast approaching but I've been researching about a murder mystery AU for Ethan and Diana by reading real books(can you believe? REAL BOOKS!!!)whenever I get free time.

Favourite Artist: Taylor Swift(for English songs) and Sreya Ghosal and Arijit Singh(for Bengali and Hindi songs)

Favourite song of all time: My favourite song changes every 10 days but there's a hindi song called "Sau Asman"(meaning: hundred skies), my best friend's rendition of this song has been my favourite since 2016.

Last Movie: I watched Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban(for the millionth time) the day before yesterday.

Last show: I don't watch any shows

Favourite food: Various types of Chicken preparations by my mom and potato fries and chocolate ice cream

Food I hate: I don't really hate anything that can be eaten but I once tried Chocolate momos, I am never gonna try it again.

Favourite Colour: Teal

Favourite animal:Cats and Dogs and I also have a weird obsession with owls.

What I'm currently wearing: A maroon Tee shirt, pajama bottoms and my mom's sweater.

Dream Job: Forensic Expert and once I am monetarily stable enough I want to chase my dream of being an author

Dream Trip: I do want to go on a Europe Trip and also on a trip to Greece(who can resist ancient ruins?)

Currently Reading: The Poisoner's Handbook by Deborah Blum

Currently Thinking about: Why is it necessary for only me to stay at home while everyone else is roaming around freely....Guess I can do some minor crime and stay in the jail for a few days, it would be a nice change of scenery and I am quite used to confinement by now.....How beautiful the mountains would be at this time of the year.....Do stray cats give names to humans just like we give them?.....Do my teachers still remember me after not seeing me for a year?.....Should I go and steal some chocolate from the refrigerator? (Yes my thoughts are wild! Yes they bear no connection whatsoever to each other! and no I am not mad)

Fun Facts:

I don't trim the nails of my left hand during my exams.

I often read two completely different genres of books in the same day(for eg: collection of various asian fairy tales in the morning and science fiction in the night with a little bit of fanfictions and Harry Potter thrown inside)

No matter how much coffee I drink I still can't stay up till late in the night

I use mnemonics to memorise dates and often phone numbers

I downloaded Choices because I had ran out of new books to read.

I am scared of spiders but dead ones donot bother me.

I love learning about various kinds of world mythology and have a huge collection of such books in my personal library.

My best friend and I write each other letters on our respective birthdays which are at a gap of five days and I have preserved every single one of those.

Top 3 fictional universes: Harry Potter obviously, Percy Jackson and other words created by Rick Riordan, And as cliché as it might sound, the choices universe.

Tagging: @maurine07 @caseyvalentineramsey @iemcpbchoices @justanotherrookie @jamespotterthefirst and anyone else who would like to join...

#about me

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marymosley · 5 years ago

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Role of Invisible Inks in Criminal Activities

Introduction

With increase in the scientific techniques and modernization, the criminal activities related to document forgery is also increasing tremendously. The forgers are using simple to sophisticated ways to hide their identity and committing criminal activities. One such way is by using different natural and synthetic sources (now, more advanced ways) which are fulfilling the need of creating secret writing possessing secret codes and information as per their advantage by using invisible and disappearing inks. So, this article is intended as an introduction to the roles of invisible inks in criminal activities and the advancements.

What are Invisible Inks?

Invisible inks, also known as security ink or sympathetic ink can be any (unique) fluid or combination of chemicals, used for writing secret messages or text with the intention of hiding the information when it relates to “criminal mindset”. Invisible inks once applied on writing surface, after it dries looks as if it is blank, it disappears either on application or soon after, and can only be revealed by suitable means.

History of Invisible Inks

The use of secret writing has been widely applied since ancient times during War until the early twentieth century by using basic materials like lemon juice, urine to complex chemical preparation, to communicate with the prisoners. Use of “fresh milk” as a means of secret communication was reported by Ovid, and was suggested to reveal by “charcoal powder”. More sophisticated inks (copper sulphate, iron sulphate and cobalt salt) began to use towards the end of World War I which was needed to develop by potassium ferrocyanide and sodium carbonate. Further, the rapid advancement in the technology led to the development of “digitized hidden message”, rather than just be on paper (1).

How Invisible Inks are classified?

The invisible inks can be made to fall into three main classes:

1. Those, revealed by heat,

2. Those, revealed by chemical reactions and,

3. Those, instantly visible under light.

Invisible ink can further be divided into two, according to their sources:

1. Organic fluids: These includes fruit juices (apple, grapes juices), biological fluids (saliva, sweat, even diluted blood) etc. They are easily available and hence approachable for the fraudulent purposes.

2. Synthetic invisible inks/ Sympathetic inks: These are more complicated; require one or more chemical for their composition, and to make the message visible, need specific reagent which often consists of another chemical.

Heat sensitive Invisible Inks

The organic invisible inks like lemon juice, honey, saliva, and even urine and diluted blood can be deciphered by heat, such as with moderate fire, blower or irons. Even soapy water works. These invisible inks work on the principle by subtly altering the fibers of the paper; hence making the secret writing to have a lower burn temperature and when exposed to heat, becomes brown faster than the surrounding paper. Heat not only deciphers the hidden text, rather it also erases the print or text.

People might wonder that why the print on ATM receipts/bus tickets disappears after sometimes. This is because the print is made by “thermal printing” method (2), based on the principle of “Thermochromism”- a colour changing process due to heating, on a thermal paper saturated with mixture of organic dye, an octadecylphosphonic acid and suitable matrix (like Fluoran leuco dye). After some days the print on the receipt slowly fades or disappears when exposed to sunlight (heat). However it can be revealed back by simply heating the receipt with a blow dryer upto a certain temperature. Fraudsters make use of this technique and get the account details for the purpose of exploitation.

Recently, a new technology has developed whereby secret information can be encrypted on “rewriteable paper” (coated with manganese-complex) with comparatively low-tech invisible ink- “water”. Preliminary, a message printed by a water-jet printer on such paper is invisible to naked eye, but easily reveals when exposed to 254nm UV light (short-wavelength). The paper can be reused after erasing the message by blowing hot air with a dryer for 15-30 seconds. Here, the print gets develop due to the photoluminescence responses of manganese-complex to water. This paper allows repeated secure printing for more than 25 cycles. More sophisticated approach for high security printing was achieved by coating the paper with phosphine ligands (molecules that can seize on to manganese in manganese halide salt solution ink) to form manganese complex. The print is invisible both under normal and UV light and can only be decrypted by “Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging Microscope” (PLIM) (3). Using PLIM, the message shows in different colours of red, green, blue and yellow depending upon the emission lifetime.

Decipherment by Chemical reaction

This method of development is bit tricky as it is based upon the Acid-base reaction. In fact, majority of the invisible inks work using acid base (pH) indicator. To reveal the secret message, an acid or a base is sprayed over the suspected surface. Indicators like phenolphthalein and Thymolphthalein are used as an invisible ink which is colorless hence invisible on application, but with a base becomes blue and pink respectively.

Some studies have also revealed the sensitivity and stability of these invisible inks with respect to time and their concentration. These invisible inks can be developed over a range of period which can vary from few hours to days. It also varies with types of paper involved (4). Forgers make use of invisible inks composition according to their need in varied concentration so that the message reveals after some days instead of few minutes to hours.

Digital Invisible Ink Toolkit

Advancement in the field has led to the development of Digital Invisible Ink Toolkit, which works on several algorithms to decrypt information in significant sections of the image. It uses Sobel filter (operator available in Matlab or Python software) which works by estimating the difference in image intensities (from light to dark) at each pixel known as “edge detection” method (5). The rate of change in pixel values in a direction helps to decode the unusual area containing invisible writing.

Light sensitive Invisible Inks

Certain invisible inks fluoresce (glow) when exposed to light. The invention in the recent inks composition has led to a novel combination of light sensitive invisible ink which contains one or more chemicals which cannot be seen by naked eye, but shows fluorescence effect when exposed to far red or IR or UV light. These inks are used widespread in cheques, security and policy papers. The composition contains simple to complex fluorophore (complexed with polymeric materials). The combination includes highly sensitive far red or infrared fluorophore which otherwise is invisible to the naked eye and only reveals by FR/ IR light. Likewise, UV sensitive fluorophore or flourophoric compound are also used which illuminates by UV light. Most of the invisible writing becomes visible under UV light which gives characteristic fluorescence. These inks are often used in thermal printing.

The commonly available UV marker pen is mostly used by fraudsters. Such invisible ink is composed of at least one uncompleted invisible metal phthalocyanine fluorophore (0.0001-0.02% by weight) which absorbs light having wavelength range of about 670-720nm, water and at least one organic solvent as an ink vehicle (6).

Case study: Invisible ink has been used by many fraudsters to commit check fraud, as reported in the case of “Anindita Roy” where the fraudster (private bank loan agent) asked for two blank cheques, over which the word “cancelled” was written by Anindita with “volatile” ink pen (smartly offered by agent). Later, the word “cancelled” disappeared from the cheque and more than Rs 4 lakhs was withdrawn from Anindita’s account by using blank check signed by her (7).

Similarly, Latest TNPSC Group-IV exam scam was reported, where candidates used invisible inks pen to mark the answers.

CONCLUSION

With advancement in technologies, the criminal activities have also paced up rapidly. The forensic examiners encounter many such cases of invisible and disappearing inks in various fraudulent cases. The methods of development of these secret writings help the forensic examiners to deal with such criminal activities. Also, it becomes our responsibility as well to secure our valuable assets and be alert. This article has dealt with some advanced technologies and the role of invisible inks in criminal activities.

References

1.https://blog.findmysupplies.co.uk/the-story-of-invisible-ink/

2.https://pandapaperroll.com/thermal-paper-fades-restore/

3. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/cp-spw091819.php

4.Sahu, M., and Hussain, SS., (2017), https://austinpublishinggroup.com/forensicscience-criminology/fulltext/ajfsc-v4-id1061.pdf

5.Disappearing cryptography: Information hiding: stenography and watermarking book by- Peter Wayner, Chapter- Life in the Noise

6.https://patents.google.com/patent/US6149719A/en

7.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Rs-4-lakh-fraud-with-vanishing-ink/articleshow/21011411.cms

Author :- Sonali Kesarwani, Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

Sonali is a Forensic enthusiast and a post graduate in Forensic Science. She has subsequent experience of case handling, working with comparison microscope, densitometer in CFSL, Chandigarh and RFSL, Dharmshala in Chemistry, Ballistics and other divisions of FS. She holds multiple cerification of National and International seminars. She has also gained experience of Crime Scene Investigation by working with Mobile Forensic Field Unit, Crime branch of Prayagraj. She aspires to build her career as a Lecturar and a Researcher.

The post Role of Invisible Inks in Criminal Activities appeared first on Legal Desire.

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bbabushkajusofonii · 5 years ago

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#Life- JUSOFONII

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cinemajaw90-blog · 6 years ago

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Nursing as an occupation

National Center for Workforce Analysis, a company of the U.S. Department of Health as well as Human Services anticipates a scarcity of 808,416 nurses by the year 2020. With insurance policy firms stepping into the medical area to minimize the expense of health treatment expenditure, demand for registered nurses, outside the medical facility setup has actually likewise increased. Nurses with a BSN degree could anticipate a securer career as well as better work prospects. Myspace Networking vs. Creating A Stand Alone Internet Site. Nurses blend knowledge of science and also innovation with the art of treatment and empathy. Nursing provides chance to save and improve lives, treatment for the unwell and debilitated, inform individuals and also individuals to accomplishing health as well as most importantly, the feeling of assisting someone in their hr of ailment and also demand. There is no greater service compared to taking care of the ill and needy. Nurses are called for to supply basic responsibilities, which consists of however is not restricted to offering treatment, health and wellness education, emotional support, record upkeep, operating medical equipment in addition to counseling individual and also their family concerning the monitoring of their disease. Registered Nurses (RNs) additionally run general health and wellness testing and immunization centers, arrange public seminars, motivate blood donation drives, etc. 3 out of five nurses in the United States operate in medical facilities. Many of the others operate in facilities, house health and wellness, extended care setups, schools, universities, colleges, the general public health and wellness solutions, and also nonprofit firms throughout the United States and also lots of various other countries. Nursing can be a difficult task with continual direct exposure to despair and also suffering, stress, job pressures, little or too much client contact as well as work-related threats consisting of yet not restricted to contagious diseases, radiation exposure, accidental needle sticks, chemicals, anesthesia, back injury and emotional tension. Duty autonomy and self-reliance, innovativeness, technical knowledge, and also synergy are characteristics of this task, along with personal contentment and also expert benefits. The nursing colleges are a gateway to this occupation as well as mostly all of them need a senior high school diploma along with appear academic standing in English, Algebra, Biology, Chemistry, as well as Psychology with a GPA score of atleast 3. Computer experience is an asset. Leadership and organization abilities are essential to this profession. Many institutions shall still require you to clear the National League for Nursing (NLN) Pre-admission test besides the SAT test. Over 1,500 nursing programs in the US provide three different instructional paths towards ending up being a Registered Nurse (RN). Bachelor's degree in Nursing (BSN) is a four-year program supplied at colleges and universities. An associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) is a two-year program used at several community and also junior colleges. Some hospital institutions of nursing as well as colleges offer an ADN levels. Medical facility Diploma is a a couple of year program based in health center setups. Many diploma colleges are associated with junior colleges where trainees take basic scientific research and also English requirements. Opportunities are optimal with a BSN degree. BSN is a requirement for acquiring a master's level or coming to be an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) recognizes the BSN level as the minimum educational requirement for a specialist nursing practice. Despite the fact that graduates could start practice as a RN with an ADN or diploma, the BSN degree is a should for registered nurses looking for to presume functions as case-managers or managers or cross work settings. Tuition fee depends upon your university as well as state of residence, yet monetary aids as well as scholarships are available to take care of such needs. There are technical and also trade schools too, which supply one-year training course to coming to be a Practical Nurse or a Vocational Nurse. Once graduated, the next vital point is to get licensure for technique in the State of your preference. 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A couple of prominent specializeds are AIDS Care Nurse, Ambulatory Care Nurse, Cardiac Rehabilitation Nurse, Case Management, Correctional Nurse, Enterostomal Therapy Nurse, Gastroenterology/Endoscopy Nurse, Genetics Nurse, Infection Control Nurse, Intravenous Therapy Nurse, lasting Care Nurse, Managed Care Nurse, Nephrology Nurse as well as even more, the checklist does not end right here. The majority of the specializeds do welcome RNs with a BSN level just. Furthermore, there is increasing demand for APNs. APNs are key healthcare practitioners, working individually or in cooperation with physicians. In many states, they are allowed to recommend medications. The four expertises for APNs include Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) giving specialist appointment in any one of the above pointed out specializeds; Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) carry out anesthetic as well as monitor client's essential indicators throughout surgical procedure along with offering post-anesthesia care; Nurse Midwives (CNM) provide main care to women covering elements like family planning, prenatal care, neonatal care and assist shipment; as well as Nurse Practitioners (NP) who offer basic preventive health care to person. NPs are primary as well as specialized treatment suppliers in medically underserved areas. APNs are lower price main treatment carriers in contrast to medical professionals. Advanced levels readily available to nurses are masters (MSN), postgraduate degree (Ph.D., EdD, DNS) and post-doctoral programs. Doctoral degrees can provide positionings as a senior policy analyst, scientist, wellness system exec and as a nursing college dean. You May Be Much Better Suited To Swimming With Sharks! Registered nurses may function as a personnel nurse or come to be APNs. Also exisins are a couple of settings involving little or no straight individual contact. Such placements consist of Case Managers, Forensic Managers (using knowledge of nursing for lawful enforcement, like dealing with and examining a sufferer of attack or misuse and similar), Infection Control Nurses, Legal Nurse Consultants (help legal representatives in clinical instances by speaking with person, arranging records, and also informing attorneys about clinical problems), Nurse Administrators, Nurse Informatics, Health Care Consultants, Public Policy Advisors, Medical editors and authors. You May Be Much Better Suited To Swimming With Sharks! Occupation and also job leads are bright as pointed out above and with increasing demand as well as problem to stand up nurses in hospitals, many hospitals and also corporate sectors have now begun offering incentives like authorizing bonuses, subsidized training, open change bidding. Open shift bidding process is an arising concept where nurses could find uninhabited changes at costs wages and also bid for same online. This likewise reduces required overtime that many registered nurses have to do otherwise. Numerous companies currently supply household friendly job schedules as well as versatility, once again a sign of demand in such locations. All this comes with advantage packages consisting of wellness insurance, holiday pay, university tuition reimbursement, child care, pension strategies and also much a lot more. Anticipated scarcity of nurses over coming years is going to turn the situation a lot more in the favor of registered nurses and they can look onward to a securer future with brighter leads as well as benefits. About The DNS Domain Name System Ending up being a nurse is not nearly loan but committing your life to solution humanity, caring for the unwell and also to be able to sustain them as well as their family in hard times. The capacity is substantial and also specialization alternatives aplenty. Nursing as a career is complete of individual fulfillment and expert benefits. Virtual Holding the perfect option to sites that have actually grown out of shared holding. There are technological as well as vocational colleges as well, which offer one-year program to coming to be a Practical Nurse or a Vocational Nurse. Certificate could be acquired by passing nationwide licensing examination NCLEX-RN for becoming a Registered Nurse and also NCLEX-PN for becoming Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) as in Texas, California. A few popular specialties are AIDS Care Nurse, Ambulatory Care Nurse, Cardiac Rehabilitation Nurse, Case Management, Correctional Nurse, Enterostomal Therapy Nurse, Gastroenterology/Endoscopy Nurse, Genetics Nurse, Infection Control Nurse, Intravenous Therapy Nurse, long-term Care Nurse, Managed Care Nurse, Nephrology Nurse and also even more, the checklist does not end right here. The 4 field of expertises for APNs include Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) giving specialist assessment in any of the above discussed specialties; Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) provide anesthesia and also monitor patient's important indications during surgical treatment in addition to giving post-anesthesia care; Nurse Midwives (CNM) offer primary care to females covering elements like family members planning, prenatal treatment, neonatal treatment and help shipment; and Nurse Practitioners (NP) that provide fundamental preventive health treatment to client. Such positions consist of Case Managers, Forensic Managers (using understanding of nursing for lawful enforcement, like treating as well as exploring a target of assault or misuse and also comparable), Infection Control Nurses, Legal Nurse Consultants (help attorneys in medical situations by talking to person, organizing documents, and educating legal representatives regarding medical conditions), Nurse Administrators, Nurse Informatics, Health Care Consultants, Public Policy Advisors, Medical editors and also writers.

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