#Edetate Calcium Disodium

[drpedi07]

Edta Drug

Medical information for Edta on Pediatric Oncall including Mechanism, Indication, Contraindications, Dosing, Adverse Effect, Interaction, Hepatic Dose.

[prasad213]

Disodium Calcium EDTA Suppliers in India

Looking for top-notch EDTA solutions? Look no further! We are your premier destination for high-quality EDTA manufacturing and supply in India.With a relentless commitment to excellence, we stand as pioneers in the production of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), catering to diverse industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to agriculture, and everything in between. Our state-of-the-art facilities boast cutting-edge technology and stringent quality control measures, ensuring every batch meets the highest industry standards.Experience the difference with our premium EDTA products. Contact us today to discuss your requirements, request samples, or explore partnership opportunities. Trust us to be your reliable partner in EDTA manufacturing and supply, delivering excellence every step of the way.

[mcatmemoranda]

Lead interferes with numerous bodily processes and affects various organ systems including cardiovascular, nervous, hematopoietic and renal systems. Young children are most commonly exposed to lead through lead based wall paint in their homes, while adults are most commonly exposed due to occupational exposures. Manifestations of acute poisoning can vary and either be asymptomatic or can include symptoms such as altered mental status, seizures, motor weakness, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, headaches, ataxia, somnolence and weakness secondary to hemolytic anemia. History of exposure whether environmental or occupational is vital to making the diagnosis. The combination of any neurological abnormalities, abdominal pain and hemolytic anemia should increase the suspicion for this diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis is made with a serum blood lead level. Levels that are greater than 10 µg/dL is considered elevated. The three therapies available for the treatment of lead toxicity include chelation therapy with dimercaprol, edetate calcium disodium, or succimer. The choice of chelation therapy is based on the patient's age, serum lead levels, and symptom manifestation.

Bottom Line: When suspecting the diagnosis of lead poisoning, the serum lead level is the most important diagnostic modality.

[forensicfield]

Antidote & It's Types

Antidotes are substances that counteract the effects of poisons and toxins. Antidotes work by stopping the toxin from being absorbed, binding and neutralising the poison, antagonising the poison's end-organ impact, or inhibiting the toxin's conversion....

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[nembutalpeacefulexit]

KNOW ABOUT BUTABARBITAL SODIUM 50 MG TABLETS IN DETAIL

BUTISOL SODIUM (butabarbital sodium tablets, USP and Buy Butabarbital Sodium at best price, USP) is a non-selective central nervous system depressant which is utilized as a soothing or entrancing. It is accessible for oral administration as Tablets containing 30 mg or 50 mg butabarbital sodium; and as Oral Solution containing 30 mg/5 mL, with liquor (by volume) 7%. Other fixings in the Tablets are calcium stearate, corn starch, dibasic calcium phosphate, FD&C Blue No. 1 (30 mg in particular), FD&C Yellow No. 5 (30 mg and 50 mg, FD&C Yellow No. 6 (50 mg in particular). Other fixings in the oral solution are D&C Green No. 5, edetate disodium, FD&C Yellow No. 5, flavors (characteristic and artificial), propylene glycol, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate. Butabarbital sodium happens as a white, severe powder which is uninhibitedly dissolvable in water and liquor, however for all intents and purposes insoluble in benzene and ether.

Abuse and dependence

Abuse and dependence are discrete and unmistakable from physical dependence and tolerance. Abuse is described by abuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, regularly in combination with other psychoactive substances. Physical dependence is a condition of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be created by unexpected cessation, quick portion decrease, decreasing blood level of the drug or potentially administration of an antagonist. Tolerance is a condition of adaptation where exposure to a drug initiates changes that bring about a reduction of at least one of the drug's effects over time. Tolerance may happen to both the desired and undesired effects of drugs and may create at different rates for different effects.

Addiction is an essential, constant, neurobiological disease with hereditary, psychosocial, and environmental components affecting its improvement and manifestations. It is portrayed by behaviors that incorporate at least one of the accompanying: impeded power over drug use, habitual use, proceeded with use despite mischief, and wanting. Drug addiction is a treatable disease, using a multidisciplinary approach; however, backslide is normal.

Symptoms of intense inebriation with barbiturates incorporate temperamental step, slurred discourse, and supported nystagmus. Mental signs of incessant inebriation incorporate perplexity, misguided thinking, peevishness, sleep deprivation, and physical objections. Symptoms of barbiturate dependence are like those of ceaseless liquor abuse.

If an individual seems, by all accounts, to be inebriated with liquor to the degree that is drastically lopsided to the measure of liquor in their blood, the utilization of barbiturates ought to be suspected. The deadly portion of a barbiturate is far less if liquor is likewise ingested.

For More Information!

[synopsischemitech]

What is the Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plant?

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is a chelating agent and is commonly used for directly treating metal poisoning as they bind the toxic metal ions more strongly than the vulnerable components of a living organism. The acid removes bleaching from ferric, cupric, and manganic ions. It is a white and water-soluble solid that is used for binding iron and calcium ions. The ions that are bound would form a hexadentate chelating agent. The acid, ETDA in short is also produced in different forms of salt such as disodium EDTA, sodium calcium edetate and tetrasodium EDTA.

What is Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid used for:

Pulp and paper industries: The acid is used in the pulp and paper industry where it can be used for machine pulp bleaching, chemical pulp, de-inking, etc.

Water systems: it is also used in treating water systems such as boiler and cooling water systems, evaporators, and heat-exchanging systems.

Cleaning agent properties: it can be used for reducing the water hardness of laundry products, can be used for cleaning buildings, disinfectant agents, food processing system cleaning, car cleaning agent, sanitisers etc.

Medical purposes: treating lead poisoning, anaemia treatment, anti-biotics, eye care products, mineral supplements, etc.

Synopsis Chemitech’ s Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plant:

Synopsis Chemitech a chemical solutions company produces this acid with different kinds of advanced technologies developed by them. They promise that each technology gives its own advantages. The technologies include Chloroacetic Acid Method, Hydrocyanic Acid Method, Hydroxy acetonitrile Method, and Sodium Cyanide Method.

Each one of them has its advantages and disadvantages, thus Synopsis Chemitech recommends one of the technical methods for the EDTA plant as the best of the four methods. It is the use of the Hydroxy acetonitrile method. This method has been modified by them which improved the method’s cleaning process for producing the Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Through their optimized process, it has significantly reduced material consumption. This helped in solving the problem of their by-product sodium sulfate recycling process thus giving the impression of having a “zero emissions” design and a clean production of the acid. They also assure that their production rate of raw materials and power consumption is better than others.

If you are interested in Synopsis Chemitech’s Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plant solutions, contact them now and discover other innovative chemical solutions it provides.

[hamishsmith88]

Different Types Of Oral Chelation For Lead Poisoning

Oral chelation therapy is a medical treatment that uses chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy is typically used to treat serious metal poisonings, such as lead poisoning and mercury poisoning. It's also used to treat coronary artery disease, heart attack, osteoporosis, arthritis, kidney disease, and other conditions. Oral chelation therapy has been used since the 1950s to treat heavy metal poisoning. Oral chelation is the process of binding or bonding that leads to a chemical agent, called a chelating agent, which can eliminate it from the body. The most common oral chelation for lead poisoning agents used to treat lead poisoning is edetate calcium disodium (EDTA) and dimercaprol (BAL). There are several different types of oral chelation therapy for lead poisoning:

Oral EDTA is the most commonly used form of oral chelation therapy for lead poisoning. EDTA works by binding with lead in your gut and carrying it out of your body through your stool.

Oral BAL - BAL is another common oral chelating agent used to treat lead poisoning. BAL works similarly to EDTA, but it has some important differences: It's not as effective at removing heavy metals from your body; it's less safe than EDTA; it can have harmful side effects, and insurance companies may not cover it. 

When lead builds up in your body, it can cause serious health problems. One of the most common forms of lead poisoning is inhaling lead dust or fumes. The best way to prevent lead poisoning is to take precautions. Chelation therapy benefits from removing heavy metals from the body by binding them with certain drugs and then passing them out through urine or faeces. 

[cyberhideoutflower]

Hunan Er-Kang Pharmaceutical Co Ltd: Overview

Hunan Er-Kang Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Hunan Er-Kang) is engaged in the development, production and sale of pharmaceutical excipients and antibiotics. The company's products include penicillin antibiotics, glycerol, medicinal alcohol, propylene glycol, medicinal sucrose, medicinal sodium hydroxide, ethanol, polysorbate, hydrochloric acid, soybean oil, disodium edetate, anhydrous ethanol, mild silver protein, calcium disodium edetate, starch and starch products, pharmaceutical raw materials, pharmaceutical auxiliary materials, medicinal capsules and many others.

[prasad213]

Disodium Calcium EDTA Suppliers in India

Looking for top-notch EDTA solutions? Look no further! We are your premier destination for high-quality EDTA manufacturing and supply in India.With a relentless commitment to excellence, we stand as pioneers in the production of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), catering to diverse industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to agriculture, and everything in between. Our state-of-the-art facilities boast cutting-edge technology and stringent quality control measures, ensuring every batch meets the highest industry standards.Experience the difference with our premium EDTA products. Contact us today to discuss your requirements, request samples, or explore partnership opportunities. Trust us to be your reliable partner in EDTA manufacturing and supply, delivering excellence every step of the way.

[mcatmemoranda]

This is one of the handouts parents get if their kids have high lead levels. It's called "Lead and Nutrition."

In NH, children are screened for lead poisoning at ages 1 and 2 with the finger prick test. If the level is high, they need a blood draw to confirm the lead level (venous blood draw).

Parents should wet mop floors and windowsills, clean children's pacifiers and toys, wash kids's hands often.

Ask parents about behavioral problems, developmental delays/disabilities, excessive mouthing (putting keychains in mouth; items like that could have lead in them)/pica (eating non-nutritional items), whether housing was built prior to 1978, whether their child-care facility was built before 1978, whether their housing has renovations, whether the child is a recent refugee/immigration/international adoption, whether parents' job could expose them to lead (welding, renovating, painting, fishing, stain glass, target shooting, jewelry making), whether they imported any spices that could contain lead (turmeric, sindoor, surma, orange shringar, asafetida).

You need to do annual developmental surveillance and may refer for early childhood education/stimulation programs.

When you screen for lead in office with the finger prick, you have to wash the child's hands with soap and water first.

Symptoms of lead poisoning include stomach aches, headaches, trouble paying attention, developmental delays, behavior issues, problems eating and sleeping, speech/language delays.

Long term effects: slowed growth, poor school performance, hyperactivity, aggression, brain/kidney/nerve damage.

Home, water, and soil should be tested for lead.

Parents should feed children foods high in calcium, iron, and vitamin C.

Tx of high enough BLL: chelation with succimer of calcium disodium edetate. Succimer — Succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) is a water-soluble analog of dimercaprol (British anti-Lewisite, BAL) that can be administered orally [48,49]. Like dimercaprol and CaNa2EDTA, succimer increases the urinary excretion of lead. Like dimercaprol, CaNa2EDTA increases the urinary excretion of lead through the formation of a nonionizing, soluble chelate.

Symptoms attributable to lead poisoning can include intermittent vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain (lead colic); intermittent irritability or lethargy; and/or lead encephalopathy (eg, persistent vomiting, persistent lethargy or coma, headache, or afebrile convulsions)

From UpToDate:

EMERGENCY MEDICINE (ADULT AND PEDIATRIC) (November 2021)

New threshold for elevated blood lead in United States children

●For children younger than six years of age in the United States, the reference value for an elevated blood level is 3.5 mcg/L (0.17 micromol/L).

Detectable blood lead levels (BLLs) are associated with neurocognitive deficits in infants and children less than 6 years old, and targeted screening of at-risk children is recommended. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has lowered the blood lead level (BLL) threshold for action to 3.5 mcg/dL (0.17 micromol/L) from the previous level of 5.0 mcg/dL (0.24 micromol/L) [1,2]. At or above this threshold, specific interventions should be taken based upon the degree of BLL elevation. For children with BLLs below 3.5 mcg/dL, the limit of detection for lead varies by laboratory, and the actual blood lead value may be close to or above the threshold. Thus, some children may need to be retested depending upon age or other risk factors.

With chronic ingestion or inhalation, lead can be incorporated into the skeletal system, which becomes an endogenous reservoir of lead that is resistant to elimination. While chelating agents can bind to lead in blood, they are ineffective in removing lead from the deep bone stores.

I had twin pts who both had EBLL of 5 mcg/dL in August and level of 4 mcg/dL today. One of them hadn't grown as much as her twin, so there was concern that the EBLL might be affecting her growth. Scheduled both pts for f/u with repeat venous BLL, CMP, iron level, CBC in 3 months.

Tx: BLL less than 45 mcg/dL = no need for chelation; get abdominal X-ray if pt has signs of excessive mouthing (puts everythin in their mouth) or pica (eats non-food items). If you see lead chips, can do whole bowel irrigation. Clean the home and toys. Make sure kids get 5 servings veggies and fruits a day with vitamins including iron. Wash their hands. If BLL is greater than 45 mcg/dL, chelation is necessary.

[dep7ngay]

REVIEW TRỌN BỘ SƯU TẬP TONER ĐÌNH ĐÁM MAMONDE FLOWER TONER SERIES

Khoảng giữa năm 2018 Mamonde đã cho ra mắt bộ sưu tập gồm 5 em toner với chiết xuất từ 5 loại hoa có công dụng khác nhau và phù hợp với từng loại da. Vừa ra mắt, nhưng bô sưu tập Mamonde Flower Toner Series đã gây được tiếng vang lớn nhờ thiết kế bắt mắt và có nhiều công dụng phù hợp với nhiều loại da kể cả da mụn, nhạy cảm. Mamonde thuộc tập đoàn Amore Pacific - "ông lớn" trong ngành mỹ phẩm Hàn Quốc khi  sở hữu hàng loạt thương hiệu nổi tiếng như Innisfree, Laneige, Sulwashoo,... Cùng Đẹp 7 ngày mổ xẻ tìm hiểu kỹ hơn 5 em toner này để xem như thế nào và có đáng thử không nhé!

(Nguồn: Internet)

*Mamonde Rose Water Toner 

Em này được xem như visual của bộ sưu tập này vậy, em Rose này thực ra đã được ra mắt trước rùi và đã làm mưa làm gió trên thị trường. Và cũng chính nhờ em này, hãng mới quyết định ra thêm 4 người anh em nữa đấy 

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Bao bì: Thân hình trụ trong suốt có màu hồng nhẹ, em này thành phần chính là hoa hồng nên tổng thể chai toner có màu hồng được in theo kiểu ombre đậm màu bên dưới và nhạt dần lên trên rất cute. 

- Thành phần: Em này nổi tiếng với 98% là hoa hồng nên rất lành tính và dịu nhẹ nhé

Butylene Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sucrose: Cung cấp độ ẩm cần thiết cho làn da.

Tromethamine: Giúp cân bằng độ pH trên da.

Rose Extract (Chiết xuất từ hoa hồng): Làm sạch sâu, loại bỏ các bụi bẩn cứng đầu tận sâu trong các lỗ chân lông.

Acrylates/ C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, Propanediol: Kiềm dầu và nhờn trên da.

Plum Tree & Lotus: Dưỡng ẩm, chống viêm, kháng khuẩn cho làn da trở nên khỏe mạnh và săn chắc hơn.

Fragrance: Thành phần tạo mùi cho sản phẩm.

Một số thành phần khác: Water, 1,2-Hexanediol,��PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Nelumbium Speciosum Flower Extract.

- Dành cho mọi loại da 

- Cảm nhận: Sau khi rửa mặt dùng em này cảm giác đươc làm sạch thêm 1 bước nữa mà không gây khô da, cấp ẩm rất ok, có mùi của hoa hồng nên ngửi cũng rất thích. Nói chung là sản phẩm rất dễ dùng, làm tốt vai trò toner của mình và cũng rất dịu nhẹ nữa

(Nguồn: Internet)

*Mamonde Flower Honey Toner

Em này có chiết xuất chủ yếu từ hoa tam giác mạch và mật ong cô đặc giúp cấp ẩm tuyệt đối cho da, chức năng chính là cải thiện nếp nhăn 1 cách hiệu quả phù hợp cho những ngày đông khô kha - Bao bì: Về hình dáng sản phẩm thì cũng giống như em Rose kia nhưng có màu vàng giống cái tên "honey" vậy 

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Thành phần: 

Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Ethylhexylglycerin: Cung cấp độ ẩm cho da Honey Extract (chiết xuất từ mật ong) và hoa kiều mạch: Dưỡng ẩm và tăng cường độ đàn hồi cho da luôn săn chắc.

Propanediol, Sodium Polyacrylate: Kiềm dầu và bã nhờn của làn da.

Vitamin E: Tăng cường sức đề kháng cho da và giúp da đều màu hơn.

Tocopherol: Giúp chống oxy hóa.

Fragrance: Thành phần tạo mùi của sản phẩm.

Một số thành phần khác: Aqua, PPG-13-Decyltetradeceth-24, Glyceryl caprylate, Edetate Disodium, Adenosine

- Dành cho da khô, vì em nó sẽ cấp ẩm cao hơn em Rose, ngoài ra ẻm còn làm tăng độ đàn hồi cho da, cải thiện sự lão hóa của làn da nhờ chất chống oxy hóa từ mật ong.

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Cảm nhận: Em này có kết cấu dạng đặc hơn em Rose kia, nó kiểu nhớt nhớt á, tại dành cho da khô nên texture như vậy để cấp ẩm được tốt hơn á. Cũng dịu nhẹ, dễ dùng, phù hợp với những bạn da khô, da thiếu nước muốn cấp ẩm mọt cách tốt nhất

*Mamonde Chamomile Pure Toner 

Nếu các nàng da mụn nãy giờ chưa thấy "đến lượt" mình thì đây nà nha, em Chamomile này chuyên dành cho da mụn, nhạy cảm á

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Bao bì: Không khác gì 2 em trên luôn có điều em này có màu vàng vàng có chút xanh xanh nữa

- Thành phần:

Chamomile (Cúc la mã): Giúp cân bằng độ pH và làm dịu da. Đồng thời, giúp làm sáng da hiệu quả, kháng viêm, kháng khuẩn và hạn chế các kích ứng

Glycerin : Dưỡng ẩm cho làn da.

Propanediol: Kiềm dầu và bã nhờn trên da.

D-panthenol: Tăng độ ẩm tuyệt vời và cấp nước cho da.

Cùng các thành phần khác: Aqua, 1,2-Hexanediol,..

- Vì có khả năng làm dịu, kháng viêm nên rất phù hợp cho da mụn, nhạy cảm nhé

- Cảm nhận: Làm dịu da rất tốt, còn có khả năng kháng viêm kháng khuẩn nữa nhưng không vì thế mà làm khô da đâu nhé, cấp ẩm rất tốt luôn nhé, mùi thơm cũng rất dễ chịu nữa.

(Nguồn: Internet)

*Mamonde Aqua Peel Toner Plum Blossom

Cô nàng tiếp theo là Mamonde Aqua Peel Toner Plum Blossom có chiết xuất từ hoa mận và AHA là chủ yếu giúp làm sạch các tế bào chết, làm đều các vùng da xỉn màu, ngăn ngừa mụn rất thích hợp cho các nàng da hỗn hợp hoặc da thường.

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Bao bì: Em này có màu xanh biển nhé

- Thành phần: 

Butylene Glycol, Trehalose, Sodium Lactate, Ethylhexylglycerin: Cung cấp các dưỡng ẩm cần thiết cho làn da.

Lactic Acid: Loại bỏ các tế bào chết trên da, giảm mụn. Đồng thời ngăn chặn sự hình thành của các nếp nhăn

Propanediol: Kiềm dầu và nhờn cho da.

Alcohol (Ethanol): Hoạt chất làm mềm mịn da.

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate: Có khả năng chống lão hóa rất tốt cho da.

Fragrance: Chất tạo mùi cho sản phẩm

Một số thành phần khác: Water, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Apricot Extract, Ethanol, …

- Dành cho da dầu, da hỗn hợp thiên dầu đến da thường nhé vì có AHA nên có tẩy da chết nhẹ nhàng cho da nữa, hạn chế nguy cơ gây mụn 

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Cảm nhận: là acid toner mà khi sử dụng không hề bị rát hay châm chít tí nào luôn nhé, làm sạch da rất tốt luôn, da cũng được cấp ẩm vừa phải nữa. Có điều mùi hơi nồng tí nhưng dùng từ từ cũng quen

*Mamonde Pore Clean Toner 

Kế đến cô nàng toner dành cho các chị em da dầu mụn đây ạ, Mamonde Pore Clean Toner có thành phần là 99% chiết xuất từ diếp cá có khả năng dễ dàng hấp thụ mạnh mẽ các bã nhờn, se khít lỗ chân lông tuyệt đối phù hợp cho các em nào da dầu, da hỗn hợp thiên dầu

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Bao bì: em này có màu xanh lá của rau diếp cá

- Thành phần: 

Glycerol, Xylitol, Sea Silt, Butylene Glycol, Sucrose: Dưỡng ẩm cho làn da.

Vitamin E: Tăng cường sức đề kháng cho da và giúp da đều màu, trắng sáng hơn.

Propanediol, Calcium chloride: Kiềm dầu và nhờn cho da.

Rau diếp cá (Eoseongcho): Có khả năng kiềm dầu và se khít lỗ chân lông.

Bùn non West Coast: Giúp hấp thụ các chất thải và bã nhờn trong lỗ chân lông, giúp da sạch và thông thoáng hơn, từ đó hạn chế được sự hình thành của mụn đầu đen.

Thành phần không chứa dầu khoáng, không cồn, không paraben, không màu tổng hợp.

Fragrance: Thành phần tạo mùi cho sản phẩm

Cùng các thành phần khác: Aqua, PPG-13-Decyltetradeceth-24, Edetate Disodium, Indole Acetic Acid, Glycine max, Glycine Soja Sprout Extract, …

- Có thành phần rau diếp cá nên rất dịu nhẹ phù hợp với cả da mụn, nhạy cảm

(Nguồn: Internet)

- Cảm nhận: Khá dịu nhẹ, phù hợp với cả da mụn, cấp ẩm tốt và làm sạch cũng tốt nữa, các bạn không bị mụn mà dùng em toner này để ngừa mụn cũng ok lắm á

*Cách sử dụng: 

- Sau bước làm sạch, đổ toner ra riếng bông tẩy trang rồi lau khắp mặt để cân bằng độ pH và làm sạch da thêm một lần nữa

- Có thể đổ trực tiếp ra ty rồi vỗ lên mặt hoặc cho toner vô chai xịt rồi xịt khắp mặt để được caaspaarmtoots hơn

- Tiếp tục các bước dưỡng da sau 

- Có thể sử dụng toner để làm lotion mask băng cách xé bông tẩy trang ra làm 3 lớp nhỏ (hoặc lấy 3 miếng bông, mà nhớ là bông không có sơ nhé) đỗ đẫm toner lên sau đó đắp lên mặt trong vòng 10-15 phút

(Nguồn: Internet)

*Đánh giá chung thì bộ sưu tập Mamonde Flower Toner Series hội tụ đủ 5 loại toner cho các loại da khác nhau với bảng thành phần đẹp. Toner cấp ẩm tốt,dịu nhẹ, làm tốt vai trò là một nước cân băng và rất dễ sử dụng. Rất đáng để thử và trải nghiệm.

Xem thêm chi tiết về sản phẩm và Đặt hàng tại

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[harmfulcures4autism-blog]

Harmful Treatment #1: Chelation

Chelation is a chemical process in which a substance is used to bind molecules, such as metals or minerals, and hold them tightly. It is originally used to rid the body of excess or toxic metals. It has some uses in conventional medicine, such as treating lead poisoning or iron overload.

During the process of chelation, a synthetic solution-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is injected into the bloodstream to remove heavy metals and/or minerals from the body.

This treatment stems from the idea that vaccines cause Autism, which is an untrue claim with no scientific evidence to back it up. 

Chelation Therapy is used as a treatment for acute heavy metal poisoning in removing metals such as arsenic, lead, and mercury from the bloodstream with the administrating of chelating agents. The medication binds to the heavy metals and then would be filtered out through urine. Chelating agents are nondiscriminating and they will bind to any heavy metal it comes to contact in, which can result in vital metals, such as calcium and iron, to be filtered out of the body alongside with the toxins if administrated incorrectly. There are several different types of Chelating drugs that are used depending on the type of poisoning that has occurred. Each one has its own benefits and risks to it.

The different types include:

Succimer (DMSA, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) is taken by mouth to treat poisoning by lead, mercury, and arsenic. Serious side effects are uncommon.

Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL) is given by injection to treat severe lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning. Side effects are usually dose-related but can cause coma and seizures.

Edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) is given intravenously to treat severe lead poisoning. This can be toxic to the kidneys.

Deferoxamine is given intravenously to treat iron poisoning. Possible side effects include very low blood pressure, lung injury, and infections

Penicillamine is sometimes used to treat bismuth, copper, lead, mercury, and nickel toxicity. The primary adverse effect is an allergic reaction in people who are also allergic to penicillin.

There have been several unapproved uses for Chelation Therapy as of late for treatment in the autism spectrum, cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other serious conditions.

The idea of using Chelation for these purposes is that it is believed that the caused for these disorders are caused by damage from heavy metal poising. For autism, it is believed that the cause may be mercury poisoning from the thimerosal in vaccines.

[synopsischemitech]

All about Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

What is EDTA?

Perhaps you’ve noticed the ingredient EDTA amongst the dizzying array of acronyms on the back of a can of pecan pie filling or on the label of your bar of soap. EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a popular chelating agent that’s used in food, as a medication in chelation therapy and in many household products.

A chelating agent is a (usually organic) molecule that can form many bonds to a single metal ion. Chelation stabilizes the metal ion by preventing it from chemically reacting with any other substances. The stable metal unit is then excreted from the body through the urine.

 Structure of EDTA

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron and calcium ions. It binds these ions as a hexadentate ("six-toothed") chelating agent. EDTA is produced as several salts, notably disodium EDTA, sodium calcium edetate, and tetrasodium EDTA.

 How to produce EDTA?

Today, EDTA is synthesized in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plants from ethylenediamine, formaldehyde, and a source of cyanide such as HCN or NaCN.  The sodium salt of EDTA forms first in both processes given below and then can be converted to the acid form.  

There are a few methods to produce EDTA. However, EDTA plants uses the single-step synthesis to produce EDTA commercially.

Salt of EDTA product is contaminated with the salt of NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid, another common chelator).

Most of the ammonia (NH3) volatilizes and is recovered; however, some ammonia reacts with the reactants in the reaction above to produce the salt of NTA as a contaminant.  NTA is another good metal chelator that is used in detergents.

On acidification, the insoluble EDTA forms while the salt of the NTA remains in solution.

Conversion of salt to acid form is done with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids.

[patimpexindia]

IP-BP-USP CHEMICALS | PAT IMPEX

Manufacturer-suppliers & exporters of IP BP US Grade chemicals for pharmaceutical industry in Vadodara-Gujarat-India

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[prasad213]

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[mcatmemoranda]

I had a 2 year old in clinic today whose lead level was elevated. It was 56 after the nurse checked it twice. This is what UpToDate says about management of elevated lead levels: The only effective long-term treatment is ending further lead exposure by eradication of environmental lead contamination. Because of the cognitive and behavioral effects of lead toxicity, primary prevention of lead exposure is the single most important strategy in the management of childhood lead poisoning.

Children at risk because of lead in their environment are often not found until elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) are detected during routine screening. At that point, secondary prevention of further lead exposure becomes the main treatment:

1) Report to appropriate health authorities (eg, city, county, or state health department)

2) Take emergency measures to reduce lead exposure. Relocate the child and family to lead-free housing if necessary.

3) Initiate intensive blood lead screening and/or chelation as determined by the degree of the child's blood lead elevation.

4) Educate the family about sources of lead exposure so that they can be eliminated

5) Follow-up on long-term abatement procedures by a licensed contractor to reduce lead exposure.

Chelation therapy may be necessary depending upon the degree of blood lead elevation (see 'Lead level 45 to 69 mcg/dL' below and 'Symptomatic lead poisoning' below). However, it has limited efficacy. With chronic ingestion or inhalation, lead can be incorporated into the skeletal system, which becomes an endogenous reservoir of lead that is resistant to elimination. While chelating agents can bind to lead in blood, they are ineffective in removing lead from the deep bone stores.

Lead level 45 to 69 mcg/dL — Asymptomatic children with venous BLLs 45 to 69 mcg/dL (2.17 to 3.33 micromol/L) should have a confirmatory venous lead level within 48 hours. These patients should also receive the same general management as for children with lower levels as described above and listed in the table.

We recommend that asymptomatic children with BLL ≥45 mcg/dL (2.17 micromol/L) receive chelation therapy. Treatment should begin as soon as possible after the BLL is confirmed, and only when the child is in a lead-safe environment. We suggest that chelation be performed orally with succimer (table 6) rather than by continuous infusion of calcium disodium edetate (CaNa2EDTA) or oral penicillamine. If succimer is contraindicated, not tolerated, or causes significant adverse reactions, then CaNa2EDTA is suggested [37]. Chelation should be performed in consultation with a toxicologist or clinician who has experience with the chelating agents.

Ongoing care includes:

●BLLs should be measured weekly at the end of oral chelation until the lead level plateaus to ensure no sudden increase from re-exposure. The interval for testing may be increased once the level plateaus and no ongoing exposure occurs.

●Retreatment with chelation therapy should occur if the BLL rebounds to >80 percent of the original lead level and is ≥45 mcg/dL (2.17 micromol/L).

●An acute rise in levels may signify a new exposure to lead, and repeat evaluation, including a plain abdominal radiograph, and renewed surveillance of the child's environment will be necessary. This is especially true if the "rebound" levels rise above pre-chelation levels.

Symptoms attributable to lead poisoning can include intermittent vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain (lead colic); intermittent irritability or lethargy; and/or lead encephalopathy (eg, persistent vomiting, persistent lethargy or coma, headache, or afebrile convulsions)

Symptomatic lead intoxication is a medical emergency warranting an emergency repeat blood lead level (BLL) for confirmation, emergency evaluation, hospitalization, and chelation. Children with lead encephalopathy should be admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit.

Performing a lumbar puncture should be avoided in encephalopathic children unless absolutely necessary to rule out meningitis because lead intoxication can cause increased intracranial pressure. Extreme caution should be exercised if lumbar puncture is attempted, and only a small amount of spinal fluid (less than 1 mL) should be removed.

Succimer — Succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) is a water-soluble analog of dimercaprol (British anti-Lewisite, BAL) that can be administered orally [48,49]. Like dimercaprol and CaNa2EDTA, succimer increases the urinary excretion of lead.

Calcium disodium edetate — In 1950, calcium disodium edetate (CaNa2EDTA), was found to be clinically useful in the treatment of lead poisoning. Like dimercaprol, CaNa2EDTA increases the urinary excretion of lead through the formation of a nonionizing, soluble chelate.

Dimercaprol — Dimercaprol (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), also known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL, was developed in 1946 by the British to counteract German arsenical war gases. It was the first chelating agent found to be useful in the treatment of childhood lead poisoning. Dimercaprol increases the fecal and urinary excretion of heavy metals through the formation of stable, nontoxic, soluble chelates. Dimercaprol lacks stability in water and must be dissolved in peanut oil for deep intramuscular injection.

D-penicillamine — D-penicillamine is another oral chelating agent. It was developed originally to reduce serum copper concentration in patients with Wilson disease [67]. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for the treatment of lead toxicity describe penicillamine as a third-line agent, indicated only when unacceptable reactions have occurred to succimer or CaNa2EDTA, and continued therapy is required. Given the potential for significant adverse events (including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hematuria, abnormal liver function, urticaria, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and nephritic syndrome), use of this agent is not generally recommended and consultation with a clinician with expertise in managing pediatric lead poisoning with D-penicillamine chelation is advised before starting this treatment