#DIP8

[icbros]

Meta launched the AI language model LLaMA, a large language model with 65 billion parameters

Meta announced on Friday local time that it will launch a new large-scale language model based on artificial intelligence (AI) for the research community, and join the AI competition with Microsoft, Google and other companies stimulated by ChatGPT. Meta's LLaMA is the abbreviation of "Large Language Model Meta AI". It can be provided to government, community and academic researchers and entity workers under non-commercial license. The company will provide the underlying code for users to use, so users can adjust the model and use it for use cases related to research. Meta said that the model requires "much less computational power". It is reported that the company is developing LLaMA with various parameters (7B, 13B, 33B and 65B). Among them, LLaMA 65B and LLaMA 33B have been trained on 1.4 trillion tokens, while the smallest model LLaMA 7B has also been trained on 1 trillion tokens. Like other large language models, LLaMA works by taking a series of words as "input" and predicting the next word to recursively generate text. For this model, Meta selects texts from 20 languages with the largest number of users for training, focusing on Latin and Cyrillic alphabet. Of course, like other models, LLaMA also faces the challenges of prejudice, toxic comments and hallucinations. Meta still needs to do more research to solve the shortcomings of such language models. Meta said that LLaMA, as a basic model, is designed to be multifunctional and can be applied to many different use cases, rather than a fine-tuning model designed for specific tasks. Through the open source LLaMA code, other researchers can more easily find new ways to limit or eliminate these problems. Meta also provides a set of benchmark evaluation criteria for evaluating model bias and toxicity in this paper to show the limitations of the model and support researchers' further research in this key area. It is worth mentioning that Meta also launched the large-scale language model OPT-175B in May last year. The project is also aimed at researchers, which forms the basis of the new iteration of its chat robot blenterbot. Later, the company also launched a model called "Galactica", which was said to be able to write scientific articles and solve mathematical problems, but its demo version was later removed from the shelf because it repeatedly generated "sounds authoritative" content.

ICBROS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED is a worldwide professional electronic components distributor.

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[g-nicerf]

Introduction to the Immediate Working Mode of the SK509 Four-Way Switch Control Module

The SK509 is a high-power industrial-grade wireless four-way switch control module launched by our company, capable of remote pairing. It provides four signal input and four control output interfaces, with a maximum output power of 5W and a transmission distance of up to 8000 meters in open areas. It features simple interfaces and reliable operation, with a sensitivity of up to -121 dBm, 16 selectable channels, automatic antenna matching, and bidirectional switch control, making it suitable for remote switch control applications.

Users can configure and modify the internal parameters of the module wirelessly using a PC interface. The DIP switches on the module can also be used to change the working frequency (16 selectable groups), working mode, and other settings, offering flexible and convenient usage. This article mainly explains the immediate working mode of the SK509 switch control module.

Before explaining the working modes, it is essential to understand the DIP switch definitions of the SK509 switch control module.

The functions of the DIP switch settings are described as follows:

DIP8—communication mode selection

ON – real-time mode ( In this mode, output sync to the input immediately once the input state changed) 

OFF - timing mode ( output sync to in the input at set time interval )

DIP7 - master/slave selection 

ON - the master  

OFF - the slave

DIP6 – time interval selection of timing mode 

ON – non pairing mode ( valid when DIP 5 is On )

OFF – pairing mode ( pair the module in this mode , valid when DIP 5 is On )

DIP5 - mode selection

ON - normal working mode

OFF - setting mode ( connect module to PC by SK108-S, set the parameters)

DIP4 ~ 1 - working frequency channel selection, 16 channels in total (default channel interval is 0.5M), frequency can be reset by PC. 

Relationship between DIP switches and working frequency channel:

Note:

1.After the user modifies the DIP switch settings, the module needs to be powered off and on again for the changes to take effect.

2.Each time the module is powered on, it will check the status of the DIP switches. If the module detects that the status of DIP7 and DIP8 differs from the previous power-on state, the previously paired channel will be canceled, and the user will need to re-pair the channels.

Real-time working mode

In real time mode, both the master and slaver will send a inquiry signal at set time interval (default time is 3minutes) , the other side , master or slaver will reply the synchronized message. If this communication failed for continuous 3times, the alarm will light on to indicate, the related output will resume to open state；

In real-time mode, if modules never paired before，it is in non paired mode.

Each module has four independent input and four independent output. In real-time mode, the change of any input of the four channels will trigger the transmission, in other side the corresponding relay of the module will be synchronized after got the signal, then it returns a acknowledged signal. If no acknowledged signal come to the triggered modules, the alarm LED will light on. All the output relays will be resumed open if no acknowledge signal received for continuous 3 times inquiry.

Input and output status under normal working mode:

The logic relationship of the module as below:

For example, communication between modules A and B,

the 4 output of module A is corresponding to the 4 input of module B,

the 4 output of module B is corresponding to the 4 input of module A, shown as below:

In real time mode,SK509 can work in pairing mode or non pairing mode. SK509 will work at pairing mode if it has been paired with any other SK509. Paired SK509 can only work with other paired SK509. It can’t communicate between paired SK509 and non paired SK509.

For paired SK509, it is 2 way communication, the master can control the slave. Slave can control the master. But slave can’t control the slave and master can’t control the other master.

In pairing mode, the status change of input (master or slave ) will synchronized to the output (paired slave or paired master ).

If SK509 has not been paired with other SK509, or been unpaired, it works in non pairing mode. In non pairing mode, the change of input channel will synchronized to the same output channel in other side.

Application

It is important to note that in this working mode, the modules will first synchronize input and output signals upon initial power-up. Therefore, it is not recommended to power on both the transmitter and receiver simultaneously.

[quartz-components]

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[adatronixpvtltd]

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[igostech]

Микросхема таймер интегральный NE555P NE555 DIP8

Микросхема таймер интегральный NE555P NE555 DIP8

NE555P Микросхемы NE555P представляют собой времязадающую схему (таймер). Предназначены для формирования импульсов напряжения длительностью от нескольких микросекунд до десятков минут, обнаружения сбоя в импульсной последовательности, обеспечения прецизионной временной выдержки и для применения в стабильных датчиках времени, генераторах импульсов, широтноимпульсных, частотных и фазовых…

[party-slug]

quickly designed a lil daughter board to allow you to drop in a 2520 style discrete opamp in to any DIP8 style socket. not exactly reinventing the wheel here, but despite knowing someone makes them i can never seem to remember who makes them, and besides-shipping on a 3.5x3.5cm pcb is always painful, so i may as well have my own ready to go.waffled on whether to include bypass caps on the power pins, but elected not too. maybe ill add that in later, but it doesnt seem integral atm.  i have a feeling i have a few friends who would be all over this, too, which means i could get a grip of these made real cheap.

[random--seed-blog]

[techav]

RS232 and Reading from Compact Flash

I decided that instead of adding a MAX232 level shifter for RS232 serial directly to the board, I would be better off building a separate board. This would allow me to use the existing header with either the MAX232 or a TTL-USB adapter.

I got to use an interesting unique part on the MAX232 board — a quad capacitor network in DIP8 package. I couldn't find any similar parts still in production, and couldn't find any data sheets either. I got the part from a local electronics surplus shop, and it's perfect for use with a MAX232 because it's four 0.1μF capacitors in a convenient package.

I don't actually have a computer running right now with a proper RS232 serial port, so I used a USB-RS232 adapter to test with. I did have the Receive lines wired backwards at first, but other than that the breakout works. There is a weird quirk though that I have to connect it and turn on my 68000 computer before plugging it in to the other computer's USB port or else Receive doesn't work. Strange, but not really a show stopper.

So then I moved on to trying to read from the Compact Flash card. It's a no-name 64MB card that I've formatted FAT16. I've been looking at it by running:

$ sudo xxd /dev/disk4 | less

on my iMac to read the actual raw data from the card (especially the boot block and FAT). There is something immensely satisfying to see the exact same data come through my 68000 computer when reading the card as I got from the Mac with a proper card reader.

Now I need to figure out just how to interpret the FAT16 structures so I can add commands to the monitor for reading a file into memory.

[icbros]

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