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mainsdotcom · 2 years

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Cookie jam levels wiki

COOKIE JAM LEVELS WIKI UPGRADE

Like with all manufacturing buildings only 1 item is made per queue slot. It had the functionality of a cooking table. It cannot be obtained through normal means and has little use other than being collectible and rare. The legacy food processor is an older version of the food processor. When ingredients are inserted, it will craft the selected item in the menu. The choice is up to the favour of the player. The food processor is an industrial machine used to automatically make food items. Given the fact that there are few upgrades that require these high level baked goods, it may be more viable for some to buy these few goods with Crystals instead.

COOKIE JAM LEVELS WIKI UPGRADE

So long as you do not run into various upgrades requiring high level baked goods it is advisable to not upgrade the Bakery to level 4 and above and build up stable storage first before unlocking these levels at all. Going to level 3 is also relatively safe though offers little in additional benefits versus needing to do more storage management. Upgrading the building to level 2 to craft Tart Jampie should pose no issues with production time or storage. The Hearty Rye is the most important item you can make here for a long time. There are also a few upgrades that require various baked goods. It is the fourth manufacturing building you get and its goods are used in various recipes from other buildings. Goods from the Bakery are are stored in stacks of 20. The first Bakery is available to be build upon upgrading the Cookie Castle to level 3, a second becomes available from the Build list for Buildings upon reaching Cookie Castle level 7. The Bakery is a building for producing various types of baked goods. Skill Powder can also be acquired from the Medal Shop, Trading Port/ Seaside Market, Rainbow Shell Gallery, and specific World Exploration stages.This bakery's baguette chimney looks and smells so delicious, Cookies from all over the land arrive right on time for fresh bread straight out of the oven! The most efficient way to acquire Skill Powder is through completing Today's Bounties. It began on January 21st, 2021 to coincide with the release of Cookie Run: Kingdom. It is an event where players can try a recreation of Cookie Run: Kingdom. For instance, if one were to increase the Skill Level of Rye Cookie, a Ranged Cookie, from Lv.29 to Lv.30, they they would need 5 Refined Ranged Powder and 7,400 Coins. Protect the Kingdom is a promotional event in Cookie Run: OvenBreak. The Powder must match the Class of the chosen Cookie, with each Class having their own varieties of standard, Refined, and Pristine Powder. Skill Levels 1-20 require standard Powder, 21-40 require Refined Powder, and 41-60 require Pristine Powder. The amount of Skill Powder needed to enhance a Skill Level depends on both the current Skill Level and the Class of the Cookie. 10, then their Skill Level can only be raised up to Lv. However, a Cookie's Skill Level value cannot exceed their Cookie Level value thus, a Cookie's Level has to be increased before its Skill Level can also be increased. Raising this Skill Level increases the effectiveness of the Skill by improving one or more of its specific numerical stats. Skills range in utility from being offensive to defensive, as many Skills have effects such as healing, Buffs for teammates, Debuffs for enemies, and so on.Ī Cookie's Skill has its own dedicated Level, requiring Coins and Skill Powder to raise. Thus, increasing a Cookie's Level becomes more difficult at higher levels, plateauing at levels 50-60.Īt launch, the maximum Level any Cookie could reach was Level 50, though this has since been raised to Level 70.Ī Cookie's Skill is their unique special combat ability-specifically, an action that can only be performed when its cooldown is cleared. However, as a Cookie's Level raises higher, the required Experience Points to gain more levels increases as well. The amount of Experience Points given by a Star Jelly depends on the Jelly's Level, with these levels ranging from 1 to 8, and their respective given Experience increasing exponentially at higher levels. Cookie Houses are the most reliable source of EXP Star Jellies for a player, altough almost every feature and game mode will also reward them" the Fountain of Abundance, World Exploration, the Tower of Sweet Chaos, Kingdom Pass Landmarks, shops such as the Medal Shop or Mileage Exchange, and more. While most modes will grant a small amount of these, the most efficient method of leveling up a Cookie is through feeding them EXP Star Jellies. Leveling up is the most effective method of increasing a Cookie's Power Level, improving their overall effectiveness in combat gameplay.įor a Cookie to level up, they must gain Experience Points.

#Cookie jam levels wiki

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longcoupons · 2 years

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Cookie jam levels wiki

#Cookie jam levels wiki upgrade

#Cookie jam levels wiki full

#Cookie jam levels wiki free

On the other hand, the purple jam type has exclusive jam mechanism in Candy Crush Friends Saga.

The red jam type is a combination between jam levels in Candy Crush Soda Saga and jelly levels in Candy Crush Jelly Saga: jam mechanics/jam counter and multiple sections.

On purple jam levels, make special candies nearby the blockers to open space and when there are enough jam squares at the bottom, use fish candies to spread the jam at the top board.

Remove Licorice Swirls and blockers so they are out of the way of your special moves and give more room to make Special Candies.

Using a Color Bomb also makes it easier to make the other Special Candies since it reduces one of the colors on the board.

Narrow areas are harder to match in, so check there before moving for a match.

Combine Special Candies: Color Bomb + Striped. Cookie Jam LEVELS - 1495 - 1496 - 1497 (No booster) 3 ESTRELLAS // 1496: 02:14 // 1497: 04:46 (PLEASE SUBSCRIBE, LIKE AND POST NOTIFICATIONS ) Candy.

Use Special Candies to hit the areas you can't reach or make a match in.

Working on the bottom of the board can spread the jam in the squares above and clear blockers.

If you have no moves to break blockers or spread jam make special candy or collect your friend's candy.

Special Candies, such as Color Bombs and Swedish Fish, can help spread the jam even further! This is usually trivial, because if you complete the main level objective, you almost always have enough points for at least one star. Then all of the special candies and fish activate themselves.Ī player also has to reach a certain score requirement (for one star). When all of the jam is spread, Sugar Crush is activated - candy fish, striped and wrapped candies are made for every move remaining, giving 3,000 points for each.

#Cookie jam levels wiki free

This is why every jam level has at least one free jam square that is, a square that is filled with jam the moment the level begins. However, if a player matches candies with no jam under them, then the jam won't spread. The jam will then spread over to all candies without a jam square under them. To finish a jam level, the player has to spread the jam everywhere (on every space), which is done by matching candies or making and using special candies' effect over at least one jam square. Like with all manufacturing buildings, only 1 item is made per queue slot.Jam levels (or Spread the Jam levels) are one of the five level types in Candy Crush Friends Saga. The choice is up to the favour of the player. Given the fact that there are few upgrades that require these high level food dishes, it may be more viable for some to buy these few goods with Crystals instead.

#Cookie jam levels wiki upgrade

So long as you do not run into various upgrades requiring high level dishes, it is advisable to not upgrade the Jampie Diner to level 4 and above and build up stable storage first before unlocking these levels at all. Going to level 3 is also relatively safe though offers little in additional benefits versus needing to do more storage management. Upgrading the building to level 2 to craft Bear Jelly Burger should pose no issues with production time or storage. Goods from the Jampie Diner are used relatively scarcely and will mostly serve as an easy way to make coin until reaching approximately Cookie Castle level 10. It is the fifth manufacturing building you get and its goods are used in various recipes from other buildings. Goods from the Jampie Diner are stored in stacks of 20. The first diner is available to be build upon upgrading the Cookie Castle to level 4, a second becomes available from the Build list for Buildings upon reaching Cookie Castle level 8. The Jampie Diner is a building for producing various types of jam-based food dishes. The strength potion does not have a Cooking level requirement yet the regen potion does. The crafting yield bonus only affects crafted cooked foods from the cooking table. It can be leveled up by cooking food and is used to unlock crafting recipes in the cooking table and access to potions in the brewing stand. This page contains town level information and items that you unlock for.

#Cookie jam levels wiki full

Rest assured, local jampies are as good and full of jam as its appetizing decorations! Cooking is skill that mainly focuses around food recipes. 127 Hours (terjemahan harfiah dalam Bahasa Melayu: 127 Jam) ialah suatu filem. A view of this diner makes your mouth water.

#Cookie jam levels wiki

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tonkiskins · 2 years

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Cookie jam levels wiki

#Cookie jam levels wiki software#

#Cookie jam levels wiki series#

#Cookie jam levels wiki free#

I have written to the developer many times concerning functions not working and they are zero help. The click should stop when you leave the game and start where you left off when you come back in. Who has time to play the game for two hours. Also when you win some extra time, say two hours. 99 went to 1.99 which is double and not right since you only get an additional five moves for such a high cost. If you buy anything help it has gotten way over priced.

#Cookie jam levels wiki free#

Many times it says I have a free amount of time and then after another try it will tell me I am out of lives. Right now I am not able to spin the wheel even though my internet is working fine.

#Cookie jam levels wiki software#

I have been playing this game for a long time and just am so addicted to it but the software is always plagued with errors. Got a sweet tooth? Treat yourself to all the candy, cookies, cake, and candies you want with this calorie free treat!įOLLOW: INFO: Jam City is the leading developer in truly cross-platform social gaming! Check out our other free match 3 puzzle games!Ĭheck back often to see all the new candy, cake, and sweet treats that we've added!ĬOOKIE JAM, the COOKIE JAM logo, the Rainbow Cake Design, the COOKIE JAM characters, and related indicia are registered and/or unregistered trademarks and copyrights of Jam City, Inc. Connect to Facebook to seamless sync across multiple devices and challenge friends! Earn rewards and sweet prizes with limited-time events Swap, crush, and jam your way through fantastical bakery themed islands Deliciously sweet supply of candy crushing power-ups and combos Never-ending fun with THOUSANDS of unique levels with new ones added weekly Play through thousands of unique and challenging levels and compete against friends to see who can get the highest score. Create explosive matches and win sweet rewards. Swap candy colored treats and crush delicious cookies and cakes. Newer dubs has been arrived in Q2 2022.Over 100 million people are already playing this deliciously sweet match 3 game filled with thousands of fun and challenging levels!Īre you tired of matching candy or spreading jelly? Blast through dessert themed islands and help Chef Panda crush cookies before they crumble in Cookie Jam - the SWEETEST match 3 game on mobile! The English dub was released on 8 October 2021. Japanese and English dubs were later announced around April 2021, and samples of both dubs were gradually shared on official social media accounts starting in August 2021.

#Cookie jam levels wiki series#

Cookie Run: Kingdom is the first Cookie Run game in the series to have voice actors for the Cookies, albeit the option was only provided with Korean voices.

"Baba O'Riley", also erroneously referred to as its chorus refrain "Teenage Wasteland", is a song by the English rock band the Who and the opening track to their studio album Who's Next.

Cookie Run: Kingdom was teased around September 2020.

It was released on in the Tiers of Chaos update, and is unlocked once a player clears Stage 4-12 in World Exploration. Tower of Sweet Chaos is a permanent game mode in Cookie Run: Kingdom, where players enter multiple levels of challenges to earn rewards. Get three levels of powders to level up your cookies' skills. Get rewards and diamonds after the event. Players can earn Common,Rare,Epic and Legendary Essences when clearing mode (also cookie soulstones). To get to Master mode, you'll have to finish Story Mode Episode 10. Master Mode is the hardest mode currently. While it uses the same overworld as Story Mode, it is darkened and levels have been renamed. Alongside the difficultly increase, players can earn Cookie Soulstones by clearing levels. Story Mode is the standard mode, in which the player follows the group of GingerBrave, Strawberry Cookie, Wizard Cookie, Custard Cookie III and Chili Pepper Cookie.ĭark Mode or Cookies of Darkness is a more difficult optional mode unlocked after clearing level 3-25 and getting all stars in the Story Mode episode. It later revitalized after the growing success of Devsisters' other two games in the series, Cookie Run: OvenBreak and Cookie Run: Puzzle World. In it, Cookie Run: Kingdom was announced and slated for a much earlier release. The earliest instance of the game's development becoming public knowledge was Devsisters ' 2017 planning.

#Cookie jam levels wiki

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factual-fantasy · 4 years

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I got 25 asks that took me WAY too long to reply to! :}

I have two top favorite episodes, the cone snail episode and the beluga whales episode.

When it comes to my favorite part of both episodes..?

..Not happy parts...

I have absolutely no idea what you just suggested.

(Referring to this post)

Thank you! That was the intention. :} I was worried that their faces all looked weird..

You want to learn more? Man.. maybe I should post that headcannon draft..

Yeah haha, this blog has taken quite the U-turn hasn’t it? I’m just glad everyone seems okay with it so far. <:} I’m excited for season 5 also! I hope it comes out soon! :D

THANK YOU, I WILL CHERISH THIS LOVE YOU HAVE GIVEN ME FOREVER

Yes and no.

Does he think of his crew as children? Absolutely not. They are all fully grown, intelligent and capable adults, and he darn well treats them like it.

But you bet that if one of them is in danger or is frightened, he’s dropping everything he’s doing and rushing to their aid as if they’re his cub that just wondered out onto the highway.

ME TOO! I always felt like he had this fatherly vibe to him with some professionalism sprinkled on top. Like he’s always looking out for his team because he cares for them and worries about them, but its kind of disguised as him just doing his job as the Captain.

I plan to draw more Protective Barnacles because its my jam, so don’t worry! That side of you will have some more fuel soon XD. And thank you for all the compliments! :}

Daww thank you, it twaz nothin. I’m just glad that people want to see my art.

Well, taking everyone into consideration, the tallest is Captain Barnacles, and the shortest is Tomminow. (This little guy 👇)

The Vegimals aside though? Peso is the shortest.

(And thank you! I’m glad :})

Honestly? Awful. I feel like absolute garbage, I just hope this will all finally go away soon.

Not really no, and no thanks on the cookies, I shouldn’t eat anything until I get super hungry because everything gives me stomachaches.. But a hug would sure be nice right about now.

I can give you a link to their wiki pages if that’ll help, I’m not really good with my words and you can learn everything you need to know about them there. <:}

Captain Barnacles (The polar bear guy)

Kwazii (The orange pirate cat guy)

Peso (The bby Penguin doktor)

Shellington (Tall Otter boi)

Dashi (Doge girl with skirt)

Professor Inkling (Fancy squik)

Tweak (Green bunny country gal chick)

The Vegimals (Little veggie dudes)

All the Gups (Metal fishes)

The Octopod (Momma metal squik)

Whos the youngest Octonaut? Well, if we’re not including the Vegimals, I’d say its probably Peso. And the oldest is most likely Professor Inkling.

Does anyone have claustrophobia? Yes! Captain Barnacles canonically does. He got trapped in a deep hole in some icy caves as a cub, since then he’s been afraid of tight and closed in spaces. I have extended on that fact and thought of many different scenarios relating to the aftermath of the Octonauts movie, but you know.. still not confident in all this Octonauts stuff so I haven’t posted my headcannons yet. <:/

Novelas translated into English means Soap Opera.

You think so? I feel like that’s not Kwazii’s thing, he’d probably like horror movies and action filled movies. But Peso probably would like them not gonna lie, him and Dashi would probably watch them together.

Well, in my draft post I’ve got two headcannons for her so far.

Tweak likes sleeping in the launch bay for the #1 reason that she can hear the water sloshing around in the bay. Which mimics the sound the water in the swamp used to make when she lived there with her Dad.

Tweak gets bad migraines when she’s sick, so the other Octonauts have to do a lot to accommodate her. Because the beds in the med bay aren’t that soft, she prefers to sleep in her room when she’s sick. But then the usually comforting sounds of the water in the launch bay become pain inducing. So the launch bay is emptied of all its water, the lights are shut off and, unless its an emergency, no one is allowed in the launch bay until she recovers.

I looked it up, and its true.

KWAZII WAS A GIRL IN THE BOOKS?? THEN WHY IS HE A BOY IN THE SHOW?? WHY DID THEY CHANGE THAT?? WH??? I mean, don’t get me wrong, I like this Kwazii more than I would any other version of him, but still, WHY’D THEY CHANGE THAT?? IM GLAD THEY DID BUT WHY??

Hmm.. let me think...

Captain Barnacles most likely doesn’t ever have uninterrupted free time, and even when he does, he probably still prefers to be up in HQ where anyone can find him if they need him. But lets say for the sake of it that he has some free time and he takes it. He’d probably either want to play his accordion, or want to read a book.

I feel like there’s a lot of different things Kwazii likes to do in his spare time, but goofing around in the Gup-B is probably his favorite.

Peso probably likes to do puzzles and play his xylophone.

Dashi probably reads books while listening to music. How she does both of these things at the same time I have no idea.

Tweak probably plays video games.

Professor Inkling and Shellington both probably read books in their free time.

I’m not too sure what the Vegimals would do in their free time though..

Oh yes, indeed it does.

Before becoming the Captain of the Octonauts, Barnacles had to ask himself, “Am I really ready to be their leader?” Can he handle managing a team of that size? Can he react to situations fast enough and make the right choices? He thought it through and believed that yes. He was ready.

But he wasn’t. He wasn't prepared for that gut wrenching anxiety when one crew member goes missing. He wasn't prepared for the crippling heat that most everywhere else has compared to his home. He wasn't prepared to become so attached to his crew that the thought of something happening to them keeps him awake for nights in a row. He wasn’t prepared for that overwhelming nausea of missing home and his sister.

There was a lot he didn’t know. They’d all turn to him when something went wrong and ask if everything's going to be okay. He’d say “don’t worry, its all going to be okay.” but he’s just as unsure as everyone else.

Now don't get me wrong, he’s not this completely hopeless and unexperienced Captain that bit off more than he could chew, no. There’s just somethings he didn’t think about before becoming Captain of the Octonauts.

Now usually he can really keep himself composed almost always. He’s very level headed and very good at thinking his way through things, But sometimes? He just.. needs a break. He usually cant get a break because he’s the Captain and always needs to be alert, so everyone else that sees it usually tries to help.

Some crew members, like the Vegimals and Kwazii, have a habit of following the Captain around when they see that he’s tired to keep an eye on him. Others like Shellington and Dashi tend to give him space and keep things quiet for him. Some crew members, like Peso and Tweak tend to clean up around the place to take some weight off the Captains shoulders, they all help him out in some way.

Professor Inkling will sometimes find an excuse to pull him aside to have some tea with him. They’ll sit and talk for a bit but then he’s back up on his feet and back to work. This poor bear..

..hold on.. was this a drawing suggestion?

Dashi and Tweak would probably hang out in Dashi’s room and goof around. Not sure what they’d do.. maybe read, talk, play games or.. idk pillow fights? I don’t know what girls do on a girls night.

As for everyone else? I also am not sure, I don’t know what all those characters with all their clashing personalities would do on a boys night. Maybe they would all watch a movie? All attempt bake something obnoxious together? They seem like the kind of characters that would do that.

I’ve never been to a girls night or a guys night, so I don't really have much of a base to go off of.. but both groups would probably get together and do something they’d all enjoy. Guys maybe a funny movie, and the girls just talking and reading books? <:D

For real that’d be hilarious. Imagine if their voices were deep and gruff too but they just make them sound high pitched for fun?

Dude that’d be so funny. Like Kwazii’s up to his shenanigans again blabbering on about some sea monster or what have you, and Tunip out of nowhere just goes,

“Kwazii legit stop, we all know that you’re just talking about some ordinary sea creature that pirates interpreted as a sea monster.“

The whole crew gon be like

If this game existed in their world and they all played it.....

Captain Barnacles would make it through a pacifist run and would be satisfied. He’s some kind of weirdo who doesn’t think of characters as real people and doesn’t obsess over them and cry about them. Overall he thinks the game is pretty neat, but probably not his type of game.

Kwazii would want to test his skills by attempting a genocide, but his heart of gold would get in the way and he wouldn’t be able to complete it. He’d feel terrible for killing goat mom, reset and go hard pacifist next round. Overall he thinks the game is awesome.

Peso would want to talk to every character so they’d all be included in the story. He’d go full pacifist and cry over the story and its characters. Overall 10/10 for him.

Dashi would probably cry over the game a lot and would never attempt a genocide run because the characters are now her family.

Shellington would hate the fighting parts so would delay those bits by walking around and talking to characters over and over again.

Tweak would go through a neutral run because she sometimes accidently kills weaker monsters. Overall she loves the story and its characters, 10/10 would play again.

Professor Inkling would become invested in the story I bet. Complimenting the story arcs for the characters and its creative game play. But I feel like he’d only play it once and probably wouldn’t beat it, but would have fun with it none the less.

Thank you!!!♡♡♡ Man, I never expected such a positive response to switching to Octonauts, I cant believe everyone is so excited about it! I’m so glad you like my Octonauts art, that really makes me feel better and like what I’m drawing is worth while. ɷ◡ɷ

Aww I’m glad! And oh yeah, the animals at the end were always scary. Remember the Boo the spookfish?

Boo was a cute little googly eyed fishy boi who was just so sweet and somft until the creATURE REPORT AND I-

THAT’S MY QUE TO YEET THE COMPUTER

Dawww thank you!! I tried. <:}

#octonauts #my response #octonauts headcannons #octonauts spoilers

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leoustarroz-blog · 5 years

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My First Kadota Fig Bud of 2017

This variety of figs is usually found in the canned goods section of your supermarket. They are delicious.

Other varieties of figs are usually semi-dried and packed in plastic in the dried fruit section. ______________________________ Varieties of Fig Grown In California: As of 2012, there are about 16,000 acres of figs grown in California of about 10 varieties. Those varieties in relative order of acreage are: Calimyrna, Mission, Adriatic types (Conadria, Adriatic, Di Redo, Tena), Brown Turkey, Kadota, Sierra, Sequoia. _____________________________ Culinary uses: Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and are used in jam-making.

Most commercial production is in dried or otherwise processed forms, since the ripe fruit does not transport well, and once picked does not keep well.

The widely produced fig newton or fig roll is a biscuit (cookie) with a filling made from figs. ______________________________

Common Fig From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_fig

Ficus carica – Common fig 58571 Ficus carica L.jpg Foliage and fruit drawn in 1771[1] Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom:Plantae (unranked):Angiosperms (unranked):Eudicots (unranked):Rosids Order:Rosales Family:Moraceae Tribe:Ficeae Genus:Ficus Subgenus:Ficus Species:F. carica Binomial name Ficus carica L.

Synonyms

Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plants in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig). It is the source of the fruit also called the fig, and as such is an important crop in those areas where it is grown commercially. Native to the Middle East and western Asia, it has been sought out and cultivated since ancient times, and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant.[3][4] The species has become naturalized in scattered locations in Asia and North America.[5][6]

Contents:

1 Etymology 2 Biology 2.1 Description 2.2 Habitat 2.3 Ecology 3 In human culture 3.1 History 3.1.1 Introduction to California 3.2 Cultivation 3.2.1 Breeding 3.3 Production 3.4 Culinary use 3.5 Nutrition and phytochemicals 3.6 In religion and mythology 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

1 Etymology

The term fig has its origins from the Latin word, ficus, as well as the older Hebrew name, feg.[7] The name of the caprifig (Ficus caprificus Risso) is derived from Latin, with capro referring to goat and ficus referring to fig.[8]

2 Biology

2.1 Description

Ficus carica is a gynodioecious (functionally dioecious),[9] deciduous tree or large shrub, growing to a height of 7–10 metres (23–33 ft), with smooth white bark. Its fragrant leaves are 12–25 centimetres (4.7–9.8 in) long and 10–18 centimetres (3.9–7.1 in) across, and deeply lobed with three or five lobes. The complex inflorescence consists of a hollow fleshy structure called the syconium, which is lined with numerous unisexual flowers. The flowers themselves are not visible from outside the syconium, as they bloom inside the infructescence. Although commonly referred to as a fruit, the fig is actually the infructescence or scion of the tree, known as a false fruit or multiple fruit, in which the flowers and seeds are borne. It is a hollow-ended stem containing many flowers. The small orifice (ostiole) visible on the middle of the fruit is a narrow passage, which allows the specialized fig wasp Blastophaga psenes to enter the fruit and pollinate the flower, whereafter the fruit grows seeds. See Ficus: Fig fruit and reproduction system.

The edible fruit consists of the mature syconium containing numerous one-seeded fruits (druplets).[9] The fruit is 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) long, with a green skin, sometimes ripening towards purple or brown. Ficus carica has milky sap (laticifer). The sap of the fig’s green parts is an irritant to human skin.[10]

2.2 Habitat

Variegated fig The common fig tree has been cultivated since ancient times and grows wild in dry and sunny areas, with deep and fresh soil; also in rocky areas, from sea level to 1,700 meters. It prefers relatively light free-draining soils, and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Unlike other fig species, Ficus carica does not always require pollination by a wasp or from another tree,[11][12] but can be pollinated by the fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes to produce seeds.

The plant can tolerate seasonal drought, and the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean climate is especially suitable for the plant. Situated in a favorable habitat, old specimens when mature can reach a considerable size and form a large dense shade tree. Its aggressive root system precludes its use in many urban areas of cities, but in nature helps the plant to take root in the most inhospitable areas. The common fig tree is mostly a phreatophyte that lives in areas with standing or running water. It grows well in the valleys of the rivers and ravines saving no water, having strong need of water that is extracted from the ground. The deep-rooted plant searches groundwater, in aquifers, ravines, or cracks in the rocks. The fig tree, with the water, cools the environment in hot places, creating a fresh and pleasant habitat for many animals that take shelter in its shade in the times of intense heat.

The mountain or rock fig ("Anjeer Kohi", انجیر کوهی, in Persian) is a wild variety, tolerant of cold dry climates, of the semi-arid rocky mountainous regions of Iran, especially in the Kohestan Mountains of Khorasan.[10]

2.3 Ecology

Ficus carica is dispersed by birds and mammals that scatter their seeds in droppings. Fig fruit is an important food source for much of the fauna in some areas, and the tree owes its expansion to those that feed on its fruit. The common fig tree also sprouts from the root and stolon issues.

The infructescence is pollinated by a symbiosis with a kind of fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes). The fertilized female wasp enters the fig through the scion, which is a tiny hole in the crown (the ostiole). She crawls on the inflorescence inside the fig and pollinates some of the female flowers. She lays her eggs inside some of the flowers and dies. After weeks of development in their galls, the male wasps emerge before females through holes they produce by chewing the galls. The male wasps then fertilize the females by depositing semen in the hole in the gall. The males later return to the females and enlarge the holes to enable the females to emerge. Then some males enlarge holes in the scion, which enables females to disperse after collecting pollen from the developed male flowers. Females have a short time ( 20% DV) of dietary fiber and the essential mineral, manganese (26% DV), while several other dietary minerals are in moderate-to-low content.[29]

Figs contain diverse phytochemicals, including polyphenols such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and rutin.[30][31] Fig color may vary between cultivars due to various concentrations of anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside having particularly high content.[32]

3 In Human Culture

3.1 History

The edible fig is one of the first plants that was cultivated by humans. Nine subfossil figs of a parthenocarpic (and therefore sterile) type dating to about 9400–9200 BC were found in the early Neolithic village Gilgal I (in the Jordan Valley, 13 km north of Jericho). The find predates the domestication of wheat, barley, and legumes, and may thus be the first known instance of agriculture. It is proposed that this sterile but desirable type was planted and cultivated intentionally, one thousand years before the next crops were domesticated (wheat and rye).[13]

Figs were widespread in ancient Greece, and their cultivation was described by both Aristotle and Theophrastus. Aristotle noted that as in animal sexes, figs have individuals of two kinds, one (the cultivated fig) that bears fruit, and one (the wild caprifig) that assists the other to bear fruit. Further, Aristotle recorded that the fruits of the wild fig contain psenes (fig wasps); these begin life as larvae, and the adult psen splits its "skin" (pupa) and flies out of the fig to find and enter a cultivated fig, saving it from dropping. Theophrastus observed that just as date palms have male and female flowers, and that farmers (from the East) help by scattering "dust" from the male on to the female, and as a male fish releases his milt over the female’s eggs, so Greek farmers tie wild figs to cultivated trees. They do not say directly that figs reproduce sexually, however.[14]

Figs were also a common food source for the Romans. Cato the Elder, in his c. 160 BC De Agri Cultura, lists several strains of figs grown at the time he wrote his handbook: the Mariscan, African, Herculanean, Saguntine, and the black Tellanian (De agri cultura, ch. 8). The fruits were used, among other things, to fatten geese for the production of a precursor of foie gras.

It was cultivated from Afghanistan to Portugal, also grown in Pithoragarh in the Kumaon hills of India. From the 15th century onwards, it was grown in areas including Northern Europe and the New World.[3] In the 16th century, Cardinal Reginald Pole introduced fig trees to Lambeth Palace in London.

In 1769, Spanish missionaries led by Junipero Serra brought the first figs to California. The Mission variety, which they cultivated, is still popular.[15] The fact that it is parthenocarpic (self-pollinating) made it an ideal cultivar for introduction.

The Kadota cultivar is even older, being mentioned by the Roman naturalist Pliny in the 1st century A.D.

3.1.1 Introduction to California

As California’s population grew, especially after the goldrush, a number of other varieties were brought to California by individuals and nurserymen from the East Coast of the United States and from France and England, and by the end of the 19th century, it became apparent that California had potential for being a great fig-producing state with its Mediterranean climate and a latitude of 38 degrees, lining San Francisco up with Smyrna, Turkey. G. P. Rixford first brought true Smyrna figs to California in 1880. The effort was amplified by the San Francisco Bulletin Company, which sought to bring new varieties from Smyrna to California and distribute the cuttings to the Bulletin’s subscribers, with the expectation that the subscribers would report back which varieties were most fit for California or regions of California. In 1881, some 14,000 cuttings were shipped in good condition to California and distributed to Bulletin Company subscribers as promised. However, not one of the trees planted produced a single mature fruit.[3] George Roeding concluded this was due to the lack of pollination since the insect pollinator was not present in California.[15] After a couple of failed attempts, wild fig trees carrying fig wasps were successfully introduced to California on April 6, 1899 to allow for fruit production of Smyrna-type figs.[3][14]

The most popular variety of Smyrna-type fig is Calimyrna, a name combining “California” and “Smyrna.” The variety itself, however, is not one produced through a breeding program, but it is from one of the cuttings brought to California in the latter part of the 19th century. It is identical to the Lob Injir variety that has been grown in Turkey for many centuries.[16]

3.2 Cultivation

The common fig is grown for its edible fruit throughout the temperate world. It is also grown as an ornamental tree, and the cultivar ‘Brown Turkey’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[17]

Figs can be found in continental climates with hot summers as far north as Hungary and Moravia, and can be harvested up to four times per year. Thousands of cultivars, most named, have been developed as human migration brought the fig to many places outside its natural range. Figs plants can be propagated by seed or by vegetative methods. Vegetative propagation is quicker and more reliable, as it does not yield the inedible caprifigs. Seeds germinate readily in moist conditions and grow rapidly once established. For vegetative propagation, shoots with buds can be planted in well-watered soil in the spring or summer, or a branch can be scratched to expose the bast (inner bark) and pinned to the ground to allow roots to develop.[18]

Two crops of figs can be produced each year.[19] The first or breba crop develops in the spring on last year’s shoot growth. The main fig crop develops on the current year’s shoot growth and ripens in the late summer or fall. The main crop is generally superior in quantity and quality, but some cultivars such as ‘Black Mission’, ‘Croisic’, and ‘Ventura’ produce good breba crops.

There are three types of edible figs

1. Persistent (or common) figs have all female flowers that do not need pollination for fruiting; the fruit can develop through parthenocarpic means. This is a popular horticulture fig for home gardeners. Dottato (Kadota), Black Mission, Brown Turkey, Brunswick, and Celeste are some representative cultivars.

2. Caducous (or Smyrna) figs require cross pollination by the fig wasp with pollen from caprifigs for the fruit to mature. If not pollinated the immature fruits drop. Some cultivars are Marabout, Inchàrio, and Zidi.

3. Intermediate (or San Pedro) figs set an unpollinated breba crop, but need pollination for the later main crop. Examples are Lampeira, King, and San Pedro.

There are dozens of fig cultivars, including main and Breba cropping varieties, and an edible caprifig (the Croisic). Varieties are often local, found in a single region of one country.[21][22]

3.2.1 Breeding/

While the fig contains more naturally occurring varieties than any other tree crop, a formal breeding program was not developed until the beginning of the 20th century.[23] Ira Condit, “High Priest of the Fig,” and William Storey tested some thousands of fig seedlings in the early 20th Century based at University of California, Riverside.[22] It was then continued at the University of California, Davis. However, the fig breeding program was temporarily closed in the 1980s.[23]

Due to insect and fungal disease pressure in both dried and fresh figs, the breeding program was revived in 1989 by James Doyle and Louise Ferguson using the germplasm established at UC Riverside by Ira Condit and William Storey. Crosses were made and two new varieties are now in production in California: the public variety "Sierra", and the patented variety "Sequoia".

3.3 Production

Turkey is the leading producer of figs (274.5 thousand metric tons), having 27% of the world total of over one million metric tons (table). Significant production occurs also in the North African region, particularly Egypt, Algeria and Morocco (table).

Top Fig Producing Countries – 2012

RankCountryProduction (in Metric Tonnes) 1 Turkey274,535 2 Egypt171,062 3 Algeria110,058 4 Morocco102,694 5 Iran78,000 6 Syria41,224 7 United States35,072 8 Brazil28,010 9 Albania27,255 10 Tunisia25,000 World1,031,391 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organization [25]

While the United States is lower on the list of fig producing countries, California produces ~ 80% of the U.S. production,[26] some of the greatest research on fig breeding and development in the last 100 years has taken place in California under the auspices of the private growers and public employees of the University of California. As of 2012, there are about 16,000 acres of figs grown in California of about 10 varieties. Those varieties in relative order of acreage are: Calimyrna, Mission, Adriatic types (Conadria, Adriatic, Di Redo, Tena), Brown Turkey, Kadota, Sierra, Sequoia.[27]

3.4 Culinary use

Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and used in jam-making.

Most commercial production is in dried or otherwise processed forms, since the ripe fruit does not transport well, and once picked does not keep well.

The widely produced fig newton or fig roll is a biscuit (cookie) with a filling made from figs.

Fresh figs are in season[where?] from August through to early October. Fresh figs used in cooking should be plump and soft, and without bruising or splits. If they smell sour, the figs have become over-ripe. Slightly under-ripe figs can be kept at room temperature for 1–2 days to ripen before serving. Figs are most flavorful at room temperature.[28]

3.5 Nutrition and phytochemicals

"Schiocca": calabrian dried figs Raw figs are a good source (14% of the Daily Value, DV) of dietary fiber per 100 gram serving (74 calories), but otherwise do not supply essential nutrients in significant content (table).

In a 100 gram serving providing 229 calories, dried figs are a rich source (> 20% DV) of dietary fiber and the essential mineral, manganese (26% DV), while several other dietary minerals are in moderate-to-low content.[29]

Figs, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy310 kJ (74 kcal) Carbohydrates 19.18 g Sugars16.26 g Dietary fiber2.9 g Fat 0.30 g Protein 0.75 g Vitamins Thiamine (B1)(5%) 0.060 mg Riboflavin (B2)(4%) 0.050 mg Niacin (B3)(3%) 0.400 mg Pantothenic acid (B5)(6%) 0.300 mg Vitamin B6(9%) 0.113 mg Folate (B9)(2%) 6 μg Choline(1%) 4.7 mg Vitamin C(2%) 2.0 mg Vitamin K(4%) 4.7 μg Minerals Calcium(4%) 35 mg Iron(3%) 0.37 mg Magnesium(5%) 17 mg Manganese(6%) 0.128 mg Phosphorus(2%) 14 mg Potassium(5%) 242 mg Sodium(0%) 1 mg Zinc(2%) 0.15 mg Link to USDA Database entry Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Nutrition and phytochemicals[edit]

3.6 In religion and mythology

Fresh figs cut open showing the flesh and seeds inside In the Biblical Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve clad themselves with fig leaves (Genesis 3:7) after eating the "forbidden fruit" from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Likewise, fig leaves, or depictions of fig leaves, have long been used to cover the genitals of nude figures in painting and sculpture. Art collectors and exhibitors often added these depictions long after the original work was completed.[citation needed]

The use of the fig leaf as a protector of modesty or shield of some kind has entered the language.[citation needed]

The Book of Deuteronomy specifies the fig as one of the Seven Species (Deuteronomy 8:7-8), describing the fertility of the land of Canaan. This is a set of seven plants indigenous to the Middle East that together can provide food all year round. The list is organized by date of harvest, with the fig being fourth due to its main crop ripening during summer.

Also in the Bible (Matthew 21:18–22 and Mark 11:12–14, 19–21) is a story of Jesus finding a fig tree when he was hungry; the tree had leaves on it, but no fruit. Jesus then curses the fig tree, which withers.

The biblical quote "each man under his own vine and fig tree" (1 Kings 4:25) has been used to denote peace and prosperity. It was commonly quoted to refer to the life that would be led by settlers in the American West,[citation needed] and was used by Theodor Herzl in his depiction of the future Jewish Homeland: "We are a commonwealth. In form it is new, but in purpose very ancient. Our aim is mentioned in the First Book of Kings: ‘Judah and Israel shall dwell securely, each man under his own vine and fig tree, from Dan to Beersheba".[33] United States President George Washington, writing in 1790 to the Touro Synagogue of Newport, Rhode Island, extended the metaphor to denote the equality of all Americans regardless of faith.[34]

Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree, a large and old sacred fig tree (Ficus religiosa, or Pipal).

Sura 95 of the Qur’an is named al-Tīn (Arabic for "The Fig"), as it opens with the oath "By the fig and the olive." The fruit is also mentioned elsewhere in the Qur’an. Within the Hadith, Sahih al-Bukhari records Muhammad stating: "If I had to mention a fruit that descended from paradise, I would say this is it because the paradisiacal fruits do not have pits…eat from these fruits for they prevent hemorrhoids, prevent piles and help gout."[35]

In Greek mythology, the god Apollo sends a crow to collect water from a stream for him. The crow sees a fig tree and waits for the figs to ripen, tempted by the fruit. He knows that he is late and that his tardiness will be punished, so he gets a snake from the stream and collects the water. He presents Apollo with the water and uses the snake as an excuse. Apollo sees through the crow’s lie and throws the crow, goblet, and snake into the sky where they form the constellations Hydra, Crater, and Corvus.

In Aristophanes’ Lysistrata one of the women boasts about the "curriculum" of initiation rites she went through to become an adult woman (Lys. 641–7). As her final accomplishment before marriage, when she was already a fair girl, she bore the basket as a kanephoros, wearing a necklace of dried figs.

In the course of his campaign to persuade the Roman Republic to pursue a third Punic War, Cato the Elder produced before the Senate a handful of fresh figs, said to be from Carthage. This showed its proximity to Rome (and hence the threat), and also accused the Senate of weakness and effeminacy: figs were associated with femininity, owing to the appearance of the inside of the fruit.[36]

The word "sycophant" comes from the Greek word sykophantes, meaning"one who shows the fig". "Showing the fig" was a vulgar gesture made with the hand.[37]

Since the flower is invisible, there are various idioms related to it in languages around the world. In a Bengali idiom as used in tumi yēna ḍumurēr phul hay.ē gēlē (তুমি যেন ডুমুরের ফুল হয়ে গেলে), i.e., ‘you have become (invisible like) the fig flower (doomurer phool)’. There is a Hindi idiom related to flower of fig tree, गूलर का फूल (gūlar kā phūl i.e. flower of fig) means something that just would not ever see i.e. rare of the rarest[38] In Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India apart from standard Hindi idiom a variant is also used; in the region it is assumed that if something or work or job contains (or is contaminated by) flower of fig it will not get finished e.g. this work contains fig flower i.e. it is not getting completed by any means.

Gular ka phool (flower of fig) is a collection of poetry in written in Hindi by Rajiv Kumar Trigarti.[39]

A poem in Telugu written by Yogi Vemana, says "Medi pandu chuda melimayyi undunu, potta vippi chuda purugulundunu", "The fig fruit looks harmless but once you open you find tiny insects [refers to the fig wasp] in there".

Posted by Chic Bee on 2017-03-12 08:40:49

Tagged: , Fig Tree , Kadota Fig , Fig Bud , Flower Case , Flowers Inside

The post My First Kadota Fig Bud of 2017 appeared first on Good Info.

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maizestove · 6 years

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From Tuscany with Love: Fattoria La Vialla

Last month was my birthday. Even a special birthday but I am not big on celebrating birthdays. Instead I like to travel and reward myself with new experiences, adventures, and memories. That was exactly what I did mid May. I set off towards the south to find sunshine, tranquility, good food, culture. And I found it – at the Fattoria La Vialla close to the Tuscan city of Arezzo. It was a few months before that I learned about Fattoria La Vialla for the first time. And I learned most about it through my sense of taste. Because Fattoria La Vialla is a place to immerse yourself in good, healthy and homemade Tuscan food!

Fattoria La Vialla is a charming family-run Tuscan farmhouse and winery nestled in the hills close to the town of Arezzo. But the Fattoria is not only the actual farmhouse. It consists of more than 20 guest houses scattered around the area. In the midst of vinyards and olive groves old Tuscan farmhouses have been transformed into rustic guesthouses. Additionally, a museum depicts the real life of a Tuscan farmer family in the last century. The emphasis lies on authenticity – as a guest you will experience the maximum of a real Tuscan farmhouse lifestyle. The same value applies to the food and the beverages produced by the Fattoria La Vialla itself: it is the real and authentic taste of Tuscany!

But the story of the Fattoria does not end with authenticity. In fact it spreads much farther. The Fattoria La Vialla works on the principles of biodynamic agriculture. This concept goes even further than the usual organic farming. In biodynamic farming every aspect and player is considered a part of a lifecycle: the plants, the animals, the people, the farm. In a nutshell it is all about restoring, maintaining, and enhancing ecological harmony. Thus, all products from the Fattoria are labeled with the international Demeter certificate for biodynamic agriculture. To learn more about biodynamic agriculture, check out the Wiki page.

During my visit I had the great opportunity to peek into the daily life and work of the Fattoria La Vialla. From grinding wheat to flour, to freshly baked Stracci (Tuscan cookies with red wine), handmade Pecorino cheese and Ricotta to cooking pasta sauces – it was a joy to actually look above the shoulders of the many people working together. I also visited the shepherd and his sheep as well as the chicken master with his flock of happy chicken. Seeing all of this was a privilege but nothing too exclusive – guests are welcome to tour the production facilities and learn about the Fattoria, its produces and taste all the delicious treats.

To enjoy the delicious treats of the Fattoria La Vialla – whether it’s their food or their wines – you do not have to travel to Tuscany necessarily. Their webshop offers all goodies online – and to be honest, my provisions are almost used up. And trust me, I brought heaps of pasta, pasta sauces, jams, olive oil, Pecorino cheese, Tuscan salami, bottles and bottles of vino…that says something about me, doesn’t it!? But the best I saved for last: La Vialla launched a brand new line of skincare and well-being products! All organic, biodynamic and fully natural to nurture your body and skin! Let me tell you what I got!

Let me start with the well-being aspect: Maybe some of you (Italians) might have heard of ‘Aqua mora’ (dark water)? If not let me explain it briefly: When cold pressing olives in olive oil production, the so-called vegetal olive water is usually a left-over product. But this water contains a huge level of polyphenols/antioxidants (like 20 times more than olive oil itself hence its bitter taste) that are beneficial for the body. Together with the University in Bologna and Milano, La Vialla tested this water and offers now a 16-days cure named ‘Oliphenolia’. Twice a day you drink a tiny jar of vegetal olive water and thus boost your well-being!

Additionally, I have stocked up with a hand cream, facial moisturizer and an intensive serum for the face – all based on olives grown and harvested at the Fattoria. I truly love the products and use them on a daily basis – let me tell you, the facial intensive serum is magic!! Check out my Instagram Stories for a few more details about these products!

If you are intrigued, I invite you to check out the webshop of Fattoria La Vialla or even get in touch with them for an authentic stay in one of their guesthouses in the middle of Tuscany. Up to you!

This blog post has been brought to you in collaboration with Fattoria La Vialla. As always all opinions and photos are my own. Thank you for supporting the brands who support this blog!

Photography by Igor Josifovic

The post From Tuscany with Love: Fattoria La Vialla appeared first on Happy Interior Blog.

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