#Continuing with the parallels to 20th century history

[marietheran]

I think the fundamental problem I have with the Star Wars Sequel Trilogy is how they completely undermines the ending of RotJ.

In real life, I allow, it absolutely happens that 20 years after one great war there is another. Historical victories aren't clear cut like that. But let's be clear: if Star Wars worked like history does the rebellion wouldn't have won in the first place.

So let our heroes have their happy ending! Let them stay heroes. Don't do that.

[doedipus]

a large amount of time I've been spending on -untitled undefined scope original fiction project- since the last time I posted about it has been trying to develop the protagonist concept I came up with last summer or whatever into like, a character that would feel real and era appropriate.

it's fun research to do. naturally a lot of the details I assigned to her are things that I already think are cool, so it's been a lot of fun trying to trace her traits back through the relatively recent past, getting reminded of how much things have changed, or where the gaps in my intuition are, and then doing a flurry of reading to get a sense for exactly how someone like her and the people around her could have happened and what her life was probably like leading up to her present day. hopefully this results in some good good verisimilitude.

[mariacallous]

Today, Aug. 31, Estonians and Latvians celebrate 30 years since the departure of Russian troops from their territories, which ended half a century of occupation. The ongoing war in Ukraine is a daily reminder for Russia’s neighbors that their freedom must not be taken for granted. History suggests that Russians only withdraw from occupied territories for one of two reasons: Either they are driven out by force or their own cost-benefit calculus compels them to leave. In the latter case, the only major territorial withdrawals in Russian history have happened when regime collapse has radically changed this cost-benefit calculus. If Washington fails to recognize this long-established pattern and continues to severely constrain Kyiv’s defense in hopes for some future reset in relations with Moscow, the next wave of Russian aggression is all but ensured.

The Russian empire—whether the tsarist or Soviet variant—collapsed twice in the 20th century: in 1917, when a communist coup dethroned the tsar, and in 1991, when another, unsuccessful coup was the final death knell for the Soviet Union. Both events created a window of opportunity for many smaller nations to break free. Moscow withdrew from many of its non-Russian territories not because it no longer wanted to have an empire, but because it no longer had the means to keep these territories under its control.

Russia is currently occupying more than 42,000 square miles—about the size of South Korea—or approximately 18 percent of Ukraine’s territory. Ukrainians aim at regaining all of it and see full restoration of their territorial integrity as an essential component of a just peace. Yet their hopes to reconquer much of their land have withered, not least due to strict limitations imposed, mainly by the United States, on the Ukrainians’ use of Western weapons. Ukraine’s surprise incursion into Russia’s Kursk region and quick capture of about 500 square miles of Russian soil has changed the outlook: Now, an exchange of territories may become an element of eventual negotiations. Russian leader Vladimir Putin’s calculus is still in favor of continuing the war, but the Ukrainians are finding new ways to increase the cost to Moscow and upend the narrative that Russia is marching towards an inevitable victory.

The historical experience of Russia’s neighbors provides some clues to Ukraine’s chances to regain occupied territories or achieve peace through territorial concessions.

The last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, decided to let the Soviet satellite states in Central and Southeast Europe go and allowed an unprecedented degree of openness within the Soviet Union. But even the great reformer Gorbachev was unwilling to give up any of the Soviet republics, including the three Baltic states. A leader of the Estonian national movement at the time, Marju Lauristin, recalled a personal conversation with Gorbachev, in which she explained Estonia’s aspirations for independence and received a straight reply. He could not give away what the Russian nation had gained, she recalled him saying.

The Baltic states grasped the chaos and aftermath of the 1991 Soviet coup to restore their independence, but that was followed by a tense three-year struggle to achieve the withdrawal of Russian troops. Diplomatic efforts took place in parallel with the departure of Moscow’s forces from the former satellite states, including more than 330,000 soldiers leaving East Germany by 1994. As we know, Russia’s withdrawal from Germany was a most humiliating experience for the young Putin, who was traumatized by the East Germans’ peaceful uprising against their communist regime while he was stationed there as a KGB agent.

Estonia was the last European country to secure the departure of Russian troops through a July 1994 agreement between the two countries’ presidents at the time, Boris Yeltsin and Lennart Meri. Both leaders took considerable risks by agreeing to a deal that was unpopular in their respective countries. Many in the Russian opposition, diplomatic establishment, and security services were highly critical of Yeltsin’s decision. On the Estonian side, the deal involved painful concessions, notably allowing retired Soviet military personnel and their families, altogether more than 10,000 people, to stay in Estonia and enjoy social benefits. Similar unpopular conditions were also accepted by Latvia. Although the departure of occupying troops was a dream come true for Estonians, Meri faced criticism at home for the concessions. It took great diplomatic skills and political courage to achieve the final stage of de-occupation, which paved the way for Estonia’s accession to NATO and the European Union.

The motive for Yeltsin was most probably his wish to maintain good relations with the West—especially the economic and financial support on which Russia depended at the time—while the United States and Germany put friendly pressure on him to withdraw his forces from the Baltic states. Any such motive is utterly irrelevant for the current Russian leadership; there is no chance that Western countries could persuade the Putin regime to deliberately leave Ukraine in hopes of improved relations or economic benefits such as sanctions relief.

For some of Russia’s neighbors, giving up territory was the price to pay for independence. However, territorial concessions without being prepared to resist further Russian demands has not been a recipe for stability. In 1939, then-independent Estonia gave in to Soviet demands to establish military bases on its territory in the vain hope of avoiding war. The concessions did not help, and the Baltics were soon occupied and annexed. Finland refused similar demands for the stationing of Soviet troops and was attacked by the Red Army. Yet eventually, Finland sustained its independence after fiercely fighting for it. The Baltics learned a bitter lesson. Today they are prepared to fight back from the first moment of aggression.

Finland gave up one-tenth of its territory as a result of its two wars with the Soviet Union, but it would be wrong to present this as an example of trading land for peace. The Soviet Union did not stop fighting because it was content with the concessions; it stopped because it was unable to defeat the Finns and conquer more land. The Red Army became too exhausted to carry on, not least because it was also fighting on other fronts of World War II.

As part of the armistice agreement that ended the Soviet-Finnish fighting in September 1944, Finland leased to the Soviet Union the strategically valuable Porkkala peninsula, located just 20 miles from Helsinki. Although the lease was set for 50 years, the Soviets returned Porkkala in 1956, which looks like a rare example of a voluntary Russian withdrawal. The decision was part of the thaw under Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, who succeeded Joseph Stalin in 1953. The case shows that a new leader who is critical of his predecessor may sometimes be favorable to new openings.

However, in subsequent years the Kremlin continued attempts to subsume Finland under tighter Soviet control, successfully interfering in its domestic politics and forcing it to align much of its foreign policy with Russia’s but failing to push the country closer to defense cooperation. Finland achieved Soviet recognition of its neutral status only as part of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe held in Helsinki in 1975.

Another Russian neighbor, Japan, has also learned that Moscow does not give up territories under its control as a gesture of goodwill. Under former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Japan made extensive efforts in the 2000s and 2010s to foster friendly and mutually beneficial relations with Putin’s regime. Abe aimed to finally settle the two countries’ territorial dispute over the four southernmost Kuril Islands, annexed by the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. In the hope of splitting the difference and regaining two of the islands, Japan went to great lengths in courting Putin and avoiding any criticism of Russia, including after Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and the start of the war in eastern Ukraine. In March 2022, Russia announced that it did not intend to continue the talks and practically ruled out giving up any of its territories, with Russian Security Council Deputy Chairman Dmitry Medvedev stating that “negotiations about the Kurils always had a ritualistic character”.

So far, the West has been surprised by Russia’s ability to bear the heavy cost for its invasion of Ukraine. In Western societies, human life is priceless; in Russia, it is cheap. The Russian regime has been able to rely on seemingly endless waves of expendable soldiers and a harsh redirection of its economy to defense production in ways that would be far too costly for any democratic leader. What can be fatal for a Russian leader, however, is any perceived weakness and the failure to uphold Russia’s greatness. Most Russians want to live in a great country that dominates others, and they are ready to accept sacrifices for this cause, as documented in detail in books by Svetlana Alexievich, Jade McGlynn, and others.

Western leaders have talked a lot about the need to raise the cost of Russian aggression. But they have failed to effectively implement economic sanctions and have still not allowed Ukraine to use Western long-range weapons to attack military targets on Russian territory. By bringing the war to Russia nonetheless, Ukraine has proven that there is space to be bolder and more innovative in making the Russians pay a painful price for their desired greatness—a greatness that is built on invading and occupying other nations.

Russia is not going to withdraw from Ukraine unless it is forced to go—or to pay an unbearable price to stay. There is absolutely nothing in Russian history or recent behavior that suggests Moscow could be expected to negotiate in good faith to reach a compromise. Some territorial concessions from Ukraine may eventually be the price worth paying for peace and freedom—but this remains moot until Russia first gets to the point where it believes that further aggression can bring no gains.

Full restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity will likely require another collapse of the Russian empire. It may be years ahead, but Russia’s historical trajectory suggests that it will happen at some point, as the country has shown itself to be incapable of correcting course through evolution rather than revolution. A Western “reset” with the current regime will not be possible without sacrificing Ukraine’s independence and the core principles of the European security order, including the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Whether losing Ukraine will be the final death toll for the Russian empire, only time will tell. And even then, Russia’s neighbors will always have to be prepared for its violent imperialism to rebound.

[easternmind]

The weird and wonderful history of Kowloon as a digital interactive space - Part II

This article is the continuation of a previous post.

Any comprehensive history of 20th century Hong Kong is not complete without a chapter entirely dedicated to the architectural and urban planning puzzle that was Kowloon Walled City. Quite unlike any other slum in Asia or elsewhere in the world, the extreme conditions under which its inhabitants lived captured the attention of various international journalists and photographers whose reports of this accidental labyrinth, in turn, inspired some of the most remarkable artistic explorations of our time. In this regard, video games did not remain impervious to the powerfully stimulative imagery, as much a reference today as it was when its hardened concrete walls still stood tall.

Kowloon's Gate Suzaku VR - Jetman - 2017

Kowloon's Gate made a most unexpected comeback twenty years after the original episode via the crowdfunded VR project Suzaku developed by Jetman, a studio founded by and composed almost exclusively of ex-SME/Zeque staff. While it is not the remaster many had hoped for, essentially consisting of a walking simulation through some redesigned locations from the original, it does a commendable job in faithfully replicating its instantly recognizable, light-starved alleyways in competent high-definition. It is also the only VR-compatible entry from this list, granting it a degree of uniqueness over its counterparts.

Stranglehold - Midway/Tiger Hill Productions - 2007

Stranglehold is the result of a collaboration with Hong Kong movie director John Woo, developed as a direct sequel to his heroic bloodshed classic Hard Boiled, featuring Chow Yun-fat in the role of detective 'Tequilla' Yuen in his unending confrontations with organized crime. One of the game's most unforgettable levels, Slums of Kowloon, takes place during a particularly rainy day, seemingly in those last days when the zone had been emptied of residents and demolition work was well underway. The visual representation of the quarter is suitably evocative, its buildings in complete state of disrepair, the remnants of local businesses or places of prayer still discernible from under the piles of steel and cement rubble.

Resident Evil 6 - Capcom - 2012

For all its shortcomings, Resident Evil 6 partly succeeds in taking the first two episodes' concept of parallel storylines and realizing it to a much fuller extent. Its choice of different characters translates into entirely different campaigns, locations and playing styles. The very first scene in Chris/Piers' campaign occurs in the fictional Chinese city of Lanshiang, modelled after real-life Hong Kong. The mayhem in the main streets forces the player to take a detour into a location named Poisawan, which bears a striking resemblance to the Kowloon district. Though an unofficial representation, it is among the most skilled replications of the scenery we find in the vast photographic repository of the area. The degree of minutiae with which the district's haphazard electric installation is replicated, alone, suffices to demonstrate a true commitment to authenticity.

Paranormal HK - Ghostpie Studio - 2020

Few would dispute that Kowloon is, itself, naturally conducive to sentiments of dread and anxiety. Paranormal HK is a 2020 made in China production reviving the defunct neighbourhood in a gripping, blood-curdling contemporary ghost story. The player is the cameraman of a paranormal-themed TV show exploring the zone during the evening of the Zhongyuan festival, a scheme suspiciously akin to that of Akira Ueda's 2004 game, Michigan: Report From Hell. As a result of the thorough research work performed by its creators, as well as the impeccable usage of contemporary 3D graphics techniques to achieve accurate lighting conditions, players may momentarily experience the feeling of walking into a photo of the actual city as it existed in the mid eighties.

Sifu - Sloclap - 2022

Notwithstanding of its renaissance during the 128-Bit era, the beat 'em up genre is commonly associated with the arcade games of the late 80s and 90s, the period of time when it flourished and, arguably, reached its zenith. The simplicity of controls and ease of access sufficed to attract players to the arcade cabinet, while the frequently extreme levels of difficulty of advanced levels ensured a steady flow of cash for arcade room owners and game development companies alike. Nevertheless, the genre has but perished and, in many aspects, recent years have indeed elevated it to unforeseeable degrees of complexity. Sifu, by Sloclap, synthesizes the elation of digital hand to hand combat simulation with the real-life complexity of mastering a martial art.

As is the case of previous entries in this list, Sifu makes no admitted reference to Kowloon or Hong Kong. However, the designers left little to the imagination in what pertains to their inspirations when taking on the task of constructing the game's environments. Another notable coincidence stems from the fact that this production was made possibly with the support from a celebrated independent game funding group going by the name Kowloon Nights.

Stray - BlueTwelve Studio - 2022

Stray is one of the most revered independent video games in recent memory, and justifiably so. The long development process yielded many benefits, judging from the consistency and attention to detail that engrossed many an avid player. That the main character is singularly charming feline may have played an equally crucial role. The creators have made no effort to conceal the fact that the notorious Hong Kong district was a pivotal influence to the design of its nameless city. The first indication can be spotted in the game's earliest footage, in which a black cat traverses a street where a particularly conspicuous sign boasted the initials HK. Stray is less concerned with presenting a precise replica of Kowloon than it is about summoning the very essence of its atmosphere. Moreover, in an exquisitely poignant way, its ending lends an entirely new meaning to the term walled city. In the future, robots may well take the place of humans. Invariably, the Walled City is no more. Slitterhead - Bokeh Game Studio - Work in Progress

An sequence of unconscionable mistakes from the part of Sony Computer Entertainment's management galvanized Keiichiro Toyama to part ways with Japan Studio, as it once was, and establish his own game production label. Their debut title, Slitterhead, is described as a grotesque survival horror experience, a genre within which the author moves with matchless ease. Among the few certainties regarding this project is the fact that it will take place prominently - if not exclusively - within the Kowloon City province. A wide variety of aspects included in the preview footage leave the viewer optimistic as to this being one of the most accomplished portrayals of the district ever seen in a video game. Subtle yet telling signs already demonstrate the creator's in-depth knowledge of the quarter's architecture and history. Take, for instance, the suggestive image of the airplane flying mere meters above the top of the buildings. Although the growth of Kowloon was for the most part ungoverned, buildings did not rise above a certain height, even as inhabitants claimed for increased availability of space. This is due to the fact that airplanes landing at the nearby airport would be required to make their descent at relatively low altitude, performing a tight curve as they soared just above the enclave, thus preventing construction from expanding upwards. Another scene shows a child playing on the rooftops of the buildings, which once again is consistent with the documented habits of residents who, starved for sunlight and open space elsewhere within the city limits, had little alternative than to take the stairs all the way to the top.

Warehouse Kawasaki Arcade

I would be remiss not to make some form of allusion to Warehouse Kawasaki, an arcade built to replicate the Walled City with unthinkable detail. Though its ultimate purpose was for visitors to engage in digital entertainment, the venue was scrupulously put together. Point in fact, many of the objects used in the construction of the five floor amusement centre were imported directly from Hong Kong. Like so many other Japanese arcades, it closed its doors in 2019.

In recent years, a rather similar initiative was taken by the Chinese in their attempts to build unique mall spaces. The 文和友 malls in mainland China, found in Changsha, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, attempt to reproduce the walled city aesthetic. Local residents inform me that these are increasingly lacking in foot traffic, for which reason the majority of their stores are closed. Other digital replicas of Kowloon

A number of other videogames set in or deriving inspiration from Kowloon could not be featured in this article. A frequently cited reference in this context is the action/adventure game Fear Effect, one which I emphatically dispute. No doubt remains as to it being located in a futuristic version of Hong Kong, yet I could discern no parallels with the walled city, save for those scattered second-hand visual motifs that were no doubt imported from sci-fi classics such as Blade Runner or Ghost in the Shell.

The Utelek Complex stage of Deus Ex: Makind Divided presents a similar situation, where the overall atmosphere of the futuristic favela bears some resemblance to Kowloon, without meeting the specificity quota that would warrant a more comprehensive exploration.

The 2004 Shout! original Kowloon High-School Chronicle for the PS2 is a unique case, in that it borrows the city's name despite taking place in a massive, Tokyo underground dungeon that is later revealed to be a maze-like Egyptian pyramid. The odd choice of title remains unclear. Shadowrun: Hong Kong game (screenshot above) contains a very direct mention of Kowloon as the place in which an entire episode comes to pass. Another project still in development, Kowloon's Curse (screenshot below), is following the lead of many popular independent horror games in recent memory by using a visual design and structure that elicits memories of the late Playstation/early Dreamcast era. A short prequel episode was made available earlier this year, for free.

Additionally, I refrained from mentioning the Kowloon maps in Call of Duty: Black Ops or Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, as I perceive both games to be insufficiently relevant to merit study or contemplation.

A space that refuses to be forgotten

(China rooftop stage from The King of Fighters 2003)

It would be a gross overstatement to claim that Kowloon is a recurring location or level design motif in videogames. The relationship between digital games and the real life ghetto has been one of sporadic references. What makes the subject so engrossing pertains to the quality of the relationship, particularly that of a small cadre from among the titles featured in this article. Kowloon's Gate was one of the most relevant game creations of the 32-Bit era, a game deserving of reverence and cult following inside and outside Japan. Likewise, Shenmue II is the second instalment of a truly ground-breaking and highly advertised series whose production costs alone were unmatched until quite recently.

Moreover, this is an affair that is far from concluded. The unexpectedly high number of allusions to Kowloon in videogames released or revealed just last yet demonstrates that its aesthetic is still very much present in the minds and hearts of artists and designers working in the field. The walled city lives on as a digital demarcation that is certain to resurface time and again in years to come.

[lol-jackles]

Talking about prequel ideas, I was rewatching the episode with Henry Winchester where he talks about his father's father being a Man of Letters, which puts him about the turn of the 20th century. With the Campbell's history of coming over with the Mayflower, they could have a Winchester MOL partnering with a Campbell hunter in the early 1900's, almost like a parallel of Sam and Dean. You could have the series end with a falling out, or maybe they lose track of each other during the war, something that could bring the two families together and tie in to Sam and Dean without breaking SPN's continuity. What do you think?

(I'm sure there are a ton of ideas out there, and pretty much all of them would have been better than AU John and Mary.)

I seriously like your idea! Maybe because while I don't necessarily think about the Roman Empire every week (more like every other week), I do give a lot of thought to AU history filled with historical figures armed with steampunk-like weaponry against aliens, monsters, and demons. It's one of the reasons why I liked Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter so much.

I always thought one of the missed prequel idea was centering on Samuel Colt and his posse fighting monsters and ghosts in the Old West. You know the writers of Independence would have written an awesome Supernatural spinoff.

[azalen-draws]

I'm on a fucking roll fr fr

I made an OC Introduction 🤠

꒰⁠⑅⁠ᵕ⁠༚⁠ᵕ⁠꒱⁠˖⁠♡~~~~~~~~~~~~(⁠´⁠ε⁠｀⁠ ⁠)

Name: Eztli Dzata

Birthday: March 20th

Affiliation: Seven Sovereigns

Gender: Male

Rarity: 5*

Weapon: Claymore

Ancient Dragon's Authority: Pyro

Constellation: Flammeum Anguis

An old dragon that was found in the deepest chamber of the Great Volcano of Tollan Was found to be greatly weakened from the centuries of isolation. The Pyro Archon Requested him to transform into a human

Signature weapon

Flamelord's everlasting ember

Claymore

Crit Damage

66.2

Base ATK

608

Blazing embrace

Increases Crit Rate against opponents affected by Pyro by 80%. Opponents affected by Pyro are instead dealt DMG equal to 200% of ATK. Can only occur once every 10s

Name card

Storge of a dragon

"...For a protector's job may never end, their will and love be as undying as their soul will forevermore be..."

Constellation

Partner:

Neuvillette

Eztli adores the Chief Justice and would drop everything if the man ever receives a letter requesting his presence (Which of course is rare for Neuvillette to open up even to his partner, he is used to relying on himself, so Eztli checks up on him every week, bringing him flowers or other gifts)

(Little Eztli on his way to his beloved)

Fun Facts:

Has a great soft spot for children

Holds the Archons in high regard... except for the Geo Archon, refuses to elaborate further whenever asked

In his Night soul state, he will discard his cloak, his markings will light up and the markings on his face will appear

Adores sweets, though refuses to admit it

The crown of feathers behind his ears are actually part of him, if ever touched or even pulled, he will become absolutely offended for an indefinite amount of time.

Is capable of engulfing his claymore and extremities in fire, will only last for 1 minute

(10 seconds in game lol)

Drip marketing!

~~~~~~~~

References

Tépactl, blade used for ritualistic sacrifices to venerate the gods in Mexica tribes. It is also associated in the Aztec calendar the day March 20, which is coincidentally the first day of spring

Macuahitl, a weapon mostly associated with the Jaguar warriors, preceded the Mexica. Tools made of obsidian fragments were used by some of the earliest Mesoamerican groups. It was a club-like weapon made of wood with edges inlaid with obsidian, a volcanic glass, on each side.

(I used mostly number 2 as reference)

Quetzalcóatl, also well known as the Feathered Serpent, yes, I know Genshit used Xiuhcōātl or also called the Turquoise Serpent. I decided to draw sort of a parallel, Eztli is not Xiuhcoatl (Genshit's), but he is a reincarnation, just how Neuvillette is a reincarnation to the og Hydro dragon

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Rambling time

I used WAY more references but these were the most... important ig, also, yes I am Mexican but I am not that connected to my history, I really mostly created Eztli to nudge myself to learn more about my culture. And honestly, most of Natlan gave me a weird vibe, its... too modern...? not that I expected them to be in tribal clothing ofc, it's just weird to see the women with crop tops and FUCKING ORORON WITH JEANS

It's just personal preference tho, I did make Eztli sort of more leaning on post conquista with the pants and metal armor... but also mixed more ancient armor, I hope I did a sort of good job and I'm open to advice!

...

Also... I'm kinda conflicted with the game, I love it, it's fun for me, but with all that's happening it's just... I don't even know how to write it! I want to separate it from everything that's happening, but it's just so jarring, and I enjoy the characters but their designs make me feel weird, maybe its the fact that I have a positive view of the game since I started playing for someone I love and only continued because I got so attached to it, and I cannot pick up another game and I don't know why

I don't think I like Natlan as much as I hoped, but whatever that's enough whining from me, I think I'll continue until I get the characters I want and ditch the game

Maybe I'll continue making art of Neuvillette and Eztli, and maybe other characters they're genuinely so enjoyable for me

[losercomputers]

Some of My Fav WOC Jazz Artists!

As it is officially the last day of Women's History Month, I thought it would be fitting to close it off by giving some of my favorite (and arguably underrated) WOC jazz artists some very well-deserved recognition!

Una Mae Carlisle (born December 26, 1915 – passed November 7, 1956) -

A truly talented jazz pianist, composer, and vocalist that specialized primarily in swing and crooner styles. With her voice highly resonant, leaving behind a lingering sweetness, and careful attention to detail in her piano-playing, Una Mae was not only one of the first WOC jazz composers to have her work end up on billboard charts, but her achievements are parallel to/went beyond the bounds of those other more conscientiously documented jazz performers in the early 20th century.

Discovered by Fats Waller at the young age of 17, Una Mae Carlisle had an early start in the entertainment industry with her true roots being in the little state of Ohio. Despite her early compositions and playing styles being heavily inspired by Waller, starting in the mid-late 1930s and continuing until her passing, Una Mae would go on to have her own solo career outside of touring and recording with him. In turn, she traveled across the states and even made her way throughout Europe and the UK (though eventually returning to the states and settling down in Harlem, New York).

Her achievements spanned from things such as her compositions becoming hits that proceeded to be performed and recorded by other highly-regarded jazz artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Peggy Lee, Billie Holiday, etc, and taking residencies in big and bustling clubs around the world. She would do work in Paris, London, Amsterdam, and New York where she would appear and perform in several films, and worked alongside record labels such as Capitol Records and Bluebird Records. Eventually, in her later years of life, Una Mae would go on to become the first African-American woman to have her own radio program, named “Agile fingers and a voice that lingers," broadcasting to stations across different parts of the US.

There's a lot that I've left out as I could dedicate an entire essay to her, but please give her a listen and be prepared to feel like you're falling in love.

Teri Lyne Carrington (born August 4, 1965) -

A force to be reckoned with in the world of contemporary jazz, drummer, composer, activist, and educator, Teri Lyne Carrington, in my eyes, is a genuine SUPERHUMAN. She has and continues to breathe new life into the genre and has made significant contributions to expanding what jazz is all about.

As a lifelong musician, Teri Lyne Carrington, started her career as a professionally accounted for jazz artist at the young age of 10 and attended the Berklee College of Music at only 11. Throughout her career, Teri has worked and toured with other big names in jazz such as Cassandra Wilson, Stan Getz, Pharaoh Sanders, Herbie Hancock, and Wayne Shorter, and can also be recognized in other parts of the entertainment industry such as performing on several late night TV shows .

Teri lyne Carrington may also be recognized as the first woman ever to win a Grammy award in the Best Jazz Instrumental Album category. However, she didn't do this just once, but SEVERAL times. She would recieve Grammy's for "The Mosaic Project," "Money Jungle: Provocative in Blue," "Waiting Game," and her most recent album "new STANDARDS vol.1" (LIKE I SAID, A FORCE TO BE RECKONED WITH)

Her artistry is not to be questioned and neither is her character! Teri has made archaic efforts in amplifying the voices of and creating an inclusive, safe, and welcoming space in the jazz world for marginalized groups. LISTEN TO THIS COOL ASS LADY!!!

​Melissa Aldana (born December 3, 1988) -

Highly influential and a true master of her craft, Chilean jazz saxophonist, Melissa Aldana, evokes a sort of poetic and soul-touching aura through her playing and does a superb job of not just performing jazz but feeling and speaking jazz.

Melissa got the ball rolling as a professional saxophonist by first playing jazz clubs as a young teen in Santiago, Chile. As she gained traction, she was eventually lead to study at the Berklee College of Music and would then move to New York City post-graduation, and during this time, was under the guidance of other respectable musicians such as Bill Pierce, Greg Osby, and George Coleman.

Outside of her musical education, Melissa Aldana has gone to the lengths of achieving things such as winning Altazor National Arts Award of Chile, being the first female musician, youngest musician, and South American musician to win the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition, performing in multiple credible jazz festivals around the world, AND has won a Grammy for Best Jazz Performance.

Just like Una Mae Carlisle and Teri Lyne Carrington, Melissa Aldana's work ethic and eagerness to always keep learning and widening her perspectives is more than admirable.

These women make me so excited for the future directions of jazz and the incoming lineage of influential and innovative female jazz performers. As the genre evolves, it is figures like these outstanding women that unfailingly serve as a reminder as to how important women are to the arts and how we will forever stand as symbols of possibility.

Have a beautiful April~

[mywifeleftme]

189: The Haxan Cloak // Excavation

Excavation The Haxan Cloak 2013, Tri Angle (Bandcamp)

Through his work as the Haxan Cloak and as a film composer (notably on a couple of Ari Aster pictures), Bobby Krlic has helped define the modern aesthetics of what we might call Upsetting Music:

Extremely low frequency synthesized bass with a subliminal roar

Slow, deliberate, violent industrial percussion with a ton of reverb

Creepy whirring noises that simultaneously evoke machinery and insects

Staticky, panned whooshing sounds, that suggest rapid movement captured on degraded video tape

Piercing whines, reminiscent of alarms or the shrill violin notes exploited in scores like Psycho

Snippets of higher pitched noises that sound like muffled or glitched recordings of human cries

Unlike traditional symphonic scores or even the kind of throbbing but ultimately melodic progressive electronic stuff used in ‘80s horror scores, this music largely eschews melody in favour of manipulating sounds to provoke a visceral sense of unease as directly as possible. Electronic music made its initial inroads into horror in the late ‘70s largely because it was cheap to produce, but the runaway success of independent/low-budget films with keyboard-heavy scores like John Carpenter’s Halloween made the aesthetic popular. Since then, genre film has continued to evolve alongside the darker strains of electronic music, from schlocky early ‘90s flicks that incorporate techno and horrorcore rap, to the way industrial became de rigueur for a certain variety of desaturated, nihilistic, almost fetishy brand of cheap ‘00s torture flick.

Independent of this history though, I think there’s something specific about recent horror and thriller filmmakers’ embrace of dark ambient/drone music like Krlic’s that links to Western contemporary anxieties and how these audiences experience fear. I remember many years ago (I’m 51) reading an article in a film theory class about how the rise of automation in the early 20th century kicked off a minor craze in the newspapers of the day for grisly stories about bodies being maimed by trams and the like. The author argued that these sorts of accidents were a new form or vector of terror specific to the industrial age, and that there was a corresponding spike in depictions of these tragedies in contemporaneous films, which tended to pull their subject matter and aesthetics from the well of public worries. Genre music has evolved along parallel lines. Traditional orchestral horror scores derive from ominous motifs found in classical music and opera, which reflect older notions of how evil and despair should be depicted—a Christian understanding of evil, with attendant tropes. A world mediated by religion and versed in devotional music (masses, hymnals, Gregorian chant) would naturally imagine Satanic music as its inversion (dark, baroque renditions of the religious cannon) or opposite (“primitive” tribal music).

By the middle of the century a secularized notion that evil might derive from the personal psychoses of individuals, or (as the tram reading suggested) the indifference of technology and institutions, became widespread, and was duly reflected in the cinema. Today, in the West anyway, our bodies are more insulated than ever before from daily exposure to the sorts of violence depicted in horror films, and our fears have become more secularized and more abstracted still. Our most immediate experiences of dread and bodily harm have tended to come from what we witness on our screens, the fear of seeing something troubling. At the same time, filmmakers have realized that the sonically unsettling aspects of ominous symphonic music (extreme high and low frequencies; disharmony; jerky rhythms) could be divorced from the orchestral context, leaving artists with a set of specific tools for physically startling audiences in tandem with the action onscreen.

Krlic’s music is a product of these parallel processes. As noted, much of his work prioritizes psychological and physiological effect above all, pushing these notions (in his Haxan Cloak work especially) about as far as they can be taken outside of extremist genres like harsh noise and powerviolence. When he makes his synths literally growl, our bodies respond to the perceived threat, even though we know what we’re hearing isn’t produced by a living animal. Some of what he’s exploiting, again, is stuff that goes back to our base threat-detecting instincts, but the overtly technological aspect is also the sound of horrible things both real and simulated we’ve seen through media. Staticky screams and the scrape of metal on concrete summon the spectre of snuff films, hostage videos, extreme BDSM porn, war footage, and all of the movies, video games, and music videos that have adapted their imagery to get a rise out of people. It also, especially to a broad subset of “average” moviegoers, sounds like the type of music people who want to rape and murder your family would listen to for kicks.

There is a good deal more going on in Krlic’s music than simple fearmongering though—we can look at Excavation, his second and final LP to date as the Haxan Cloak,as part of a long lineage stretching from ‘60s experimental electronic music like White Noise through Nurse with Wound, Aphex Twin, and Nine Inch Nails among many others. “The Mirror Reflecting (Part 2)” eventually reveals a sequence of austere, crystalline guitar-like sounds that post-metallers Agalloch might’ve produced; “Dieu” opens with some subterranean breakbeats and chopped up samples that nearly threaten to look in the direction of a dancefloor before a creepy violin quells the thought; the rain-drenched “The Drop” flashes a bit of a Baths-style emo/downtempo vibe when it isn’t trudging past the sounds of dark satanic mills. Just as some people will hear Excavation as sadistic junkie music, others will no doubt find it an exceedingly warm and plush casket to disappear within, the overwhelming weight of its sounds divorced of violent associations, just signals strobing across the darkened hemispheres.

189/365

[idv-news-boi]

What happened in Japan between 1800 and 2000?

Laurence// …

Akihiko// …

Laurence// Time to rizz you with my history knowledge, bro <33/j

Akihiko// …??? (o-o

{warning} Japan history below- this is only based on what mun Pins learn, so researching on your own is recommended hehe~

In the 19th century (aka the 1800s), Japan experiences a dramatic shift from the conservative, isolationist policies of the shōgun-dominated Edo period to the rapid and widespread drive to modernize and engage with the rest of the world that characterizes the Meiji Restoration.

During the first half of the century, decades of fiscal and social disruption caused by the growth of a market economy and a complex monetary system in a country that is still officially based on agriculture, which supports both the farming and privileged but unproductive samurai classes, continues to weaken the country in general and the Tokugawa regime in particular. Increasingly aggressive intrusions by Western powers not only puts pressure on Japan but convinces its political leaders that the Seclusion Policy has limited the country’s participation in technological advances, innovations, and worldwide changes. It also restricts the economy from rising by restricting its involvement in global trade. Well of course, Japan allowed the Dutch to trade, but it was not enough to stabilize-

Taking advantage of the disruption caused by these internal and external crises, in 1867 several powerful daimyo (or regional warlords) band together and overthrow Shōgun Yoshinobu (1837–1913), forcing him to resign authority. Marching into the imperial capital Kyoto, they “restore” Emperor Mutsuhito (1852–1912) to power and establish the Meiji (“enlightened rule”) Restoration.

Japan's isolation came to an end in 1853 when Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy, commanding a squadron of two steam ships and two sailing vessels, sailed into Tokyo harbor. He sought to force Japan to end their isolation and open their ports to trade with U.S merchant ships.

Laurence trying to act as U.S.// don’t close the country,,, Keep it open :D *literally carrying big battle ships*

Akihiko as Japan// … *sweats since he only has samurais against American guns* Hai…

In the name of Emperor Meiji, numerous striking and far-reaching social, political, and economic changes are legislated through a series of edicts. Japan also opens its borders, sending several high-ranking expeditions abroad and inviting foreign advisors (including educators, engineers, architects, painters, and scientists) assist the Japanese in rapidly absorbing modern technology and Western knowledge. Throughout the century, however, the drive to Westernize is paralleled by continued isolationist tendencies and a desire to resist foreign influences. Eventually, as has happened numerous times in the nation’s history, after the Japanese assimilate what has been borrowed, they use these imports to formulate a new but distinctly Japanese modern society

The 20th century (aka the 1900s) is a turbulent time in Japan, as the country vacillates between unprecedented heights of power and wealth and the depths of poverty and devastation. After the dramatic efforts to modernize politically, socially, economically, and culturally during the Meiji Restoration, Japan seeks to win control over neighboring countries, competing with Western imperialist ambitions. Finally, Japan participates in World War I, fighting on the side of the Allies. Despite dramatic industrial and financial expansion during the war years, along with the rest of the world, Japan is plunged into economic crisis in the 1920s, accompanied by social upheaval caused by the stresses of unemployment, an expanding population, and rapid urban growth.

Continuing an imperialist agenda and strengthened by a strong sense of nationalism, Japan, allied with Germany and Italy, enters World War II hoping to gain control of strategic territory and natural resources in East and Southeast Asia. Despite initial successes, Japan is ultimately defeated by the United States (who joined after the Pearl Harbor Attack Japan have executed on the U.S.), ending with the horrific detonation of two atomic bombs (one on Nagasaki, and one on Hiroshima).

Japan’s postwar period is marked by a miraculous revival, culminating within a few decades in the nation’s emergence as one of the world’s wealthiest democracies.

Culturally, Japanese art parallels the country’s historical experience during this century. On one hand, interest in traditional art forms including woodblock prints, Kabuki theater, ceramics, and native crafts, continues and is sometimes coupled with nationalistic motivations and identification. On the other hand, not only do Japanese artists and the public continue to study and be influenced by foreign art techniques, forms, and trends, such as oil painting, sculpture, psychologically probing novels, modern dance, and Western-style architecture, but many Japanese artists gain worldwide renown. Japanese artists also master and use expressively and innovatively such new art forms as cinema, animation, photography, and fashion. Japan also began with hope and optimism for the 21st century and ended with the Late-2000s recession. Gaming systems like the PlayStation 3, the Nintendo Wii, and the Nintendo DS continued to help generate the profits of Japan-based electronic companies like Nintendo and Sony.

[enterprisewired]

Gustavo Gutiérrez: The Icon of Latin American Liberation Theology Passes at 96

Source: cruxnow.com

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Gustavo Gutiérrez, a towering figure in Latin American Catholicism, passed away on October 22 at the age of 96, leaving behind a legacy that shaped the spiritual and social landscape of the region. Often regarded as the father of Liberation Theology, Gutiérrez’s work both inspired and polarized the Catholic Church. His groundbreaking ideas advocating for the poor became a defining force in post-Vatican II Latin America, marking a sharp division between supporters and critics.

Just days before his death, Cardinal-elect Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio of Lima underscored the enduring tensions surrounding Gutiérrez’s theology. In a public statement, Castillo criticized the Sodalitium Christianae Vitae, a lay group in Peru, accusing them of unjustly persecuting Gutiérrez. “They considered him a leftist,” Castillo wrote, while defending Gutiérrez as someone who merely sought to renew faith in a way that resonated with Latin America’s poor and deeply religious population.

The Birth of Liberation Theology

Gustavo Gutiérrez’s journey toward theological prominence began in 1968, when he served as an advisor to the Latin American bishops at the Medellín conference. Out of this experience, he developed a book that would forever change the course of Latin American Catholicism. Initially intended to be titled Towards a Theology of Development, the book was eventually published in 1971 as Toward a Theology of Liberation. This work laid the foundation for Liberation Theology, which sought to interpret the Christian Gospel through the lens of social justice and the struggles of the poor.

However, Gustavo Gutiérrez’s ideas sparked controversy, especially during the 1980s. In 1983, then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) asked Peruvian bishops to investigate Gutiérrez’s theology, accusing it of promoting a Marxist interpretation of history and focusing excessively on material redemption. The investigation deeply divided the bishops, with some preparing to issue a negative judgment. Yet, a last-minute intervention from the esteemed Jesuit theologian, Father Karl Rahner, prevented such a conclusion. Rahner passionately defended Gutiérrez, asserting that his theology was orthodox and cautioning against any attempt to suppress the pluralism of theological schools.

Though no official sanctions were imposed, Gutiérrez continued to face resistance from conservative elements within the church. Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne of Lima, a notable critic, accused Gutiérrez’s theology of undermining the church’s authority, fostering political activism among priests, and creating a “parallel magisterium.”

A Legacy that Transcends Theology

Despite the opposition, Gustavo Gutiérrez’s influence extended far beyond the confines of theological debates. His commitment to the poor and marginalized earned him international recognition, including nearly 20 honorary degrees and the prestigious French Legion of Honor in 1993 for his work in promoting human dignity. In addition to his academic contributions, he founded the Bartolomé de Las Casas Institute in Lima and held professorships at the University of Notre Dame and other institutions.

Those who encountered Gutiérrez were often struck by his diminutive stature, which belied the profound impact of his intellect. Comparisons to the wise Yoda from Star Wars were not uncommon, but Gutiérrez’s influence on the global Catholic Church was anything but small. His ideas about social justice, the role of faith in political activism, and the rights of the poor left an indelible mark on the 20th-century church.

As the Catholic world reflects on his life, there is little doubt that Gustavo Gutiérrez’s work mattered. His absence will be felt not only in theological circles but also in the broader conversation about faith, justice, and the future of the church in Latin America.

[soophiemoories]

The Only Guide You Need to Emerald-Cut Diamonds for Engagement Rings

For a long time, emerald-cut engagement rings satisfied hearts, satisfying the desire for elegance and being seen as the ultimate embodiment of vintage charm. The unique cut has a rectangular shape and step-cut facets, boasting a history that dates back to centuries. In this blog, we will discuss the historical significance and evolution of the emerald cut, its unique characteristics, and its longevity in the jewellery market today.

The Historical Genesis of the Emerald Cut: Antiquity Through the Renaissance

The cutting of the emerald began during the 1500s, a Renaissance period when jewellers tried to find ways to enhance the stability and beauty of the emeralds. Emeralds are known because of their vibrant colour, lime green, but they are very soft and brittle for diamonds, and this was always in stonecutters' worries. In answer, the gem cutters have developed the step-cutting technique that is characterized by parallel lines and layered facets that look like those of an ancient temple.

This new cut not only strengthened the structure of emeralds but also enhanced their natural beauty, because it reduced internal imperfections. Later, this same step-cut cut evolved for diamond cutting, which resulted in what we are familiar with today as the "emerald cut" diamond. The term itself is a tribute to the historical reason for which the original cut was designed - to emeralds.

A History of the Emergence of the Emerald Cut

History took on a new twist in making jewellery styles with the emergence of the emerald cut, which was then taken to be a new style of making jewellery sleek with clean cuts in geometric forms. When Art Deco began to reveal its colour in the 1920s and 1930s, this cut with its sassy avant-garde style set the style standard instead of establishing itself as something more epitome of refined fine jewellery designs, perfectly capturing its aesthetic identity, according to the architectural designs of the time.

This earlier style of emerald-cut diamond, however, still came back in the mid-20th century when various famous movie stars started adorning this great cut as an ornament to their engagement rings. Amazingly, celebrities like Grace Kelly and Elizabeth Taylor transformed this emerald cut into stardom and linked it with glamour and style for a lifetime.

Distinctive Characteristics of the Emerald Cut

What distinguishes emerald-cut diamonds is their characteristic step-cut faceting. Brilliant cuts are engineered to show maximum sparkle; the emerald cut, more so focuses on highlighting clarity and elegance. Its large open table exposes the characteristics of the diamond internally thus requiring transparency and quality as factors of prime importance.

The rectangular shape, with the elongated facets, adds a "hall of mirrors" effect. That dazzling play of light shows up the natural beauty of the stone and presents it in a sophisticated understated style. The diamond cut can make the emerald cut make the diamond appear larger than its actual weight as determined by carat weight and therefore a solid presence on the hand.

The Emerals of Today's Jewelry Market

Recently, emerald-cut engagement rings seem to have experienced a renaissance of sorts, appealing to the modern couple looking for something uniquely traditional, yet timeless. Representing only a small fraction of the diamond market, their uniqueness and sophistication continue to find appropriate buyers who distinguish between these two characteristics. It is just for this reason that the emerald cut is perhaps an attractive choice when combining tradition and individuality.

Apart from that, contemporary jewellery designers are now looking for fresh ways through which emerald-cut diamonds could be put in new designs offering even more personalized choices to suit the preference of various personalities. In this regards, east-west orientations and even split-shank Rings can make the cut versatile.

Emerald Cut vs. Other Diamond Cuts

Thus, this brilliance of being an emerald in a sea of round brilliant and princess-cut jewels has been transformed into simplicity with understated sparkle, if you will. While the round brilliant boasts sparkle, the very essence of the emerald cut is elegance and clarity rather than sparkle. It is for that reason that understated brilliance has made it all the more appealing to those with an appreciation for subtlety and refinement.

The emerald cut is actually more vintage and old-fashioned compared to the princess. Its step-cut facets give it a different look - ideal for those who'd like to have a less conventional yet classy form of presentation.

Conclusion: A diamond - an eternal and an eternal choice for engagement rings

The development of the emerald cut has been through many phases, adapting and remaining timelessly classic. From its infancy roots dating back to the Renaissance period to its appearance today, this cut has always symbolized class and good taste. Whether selected for old-world charm, unique characteristics, or even just current savvy style, the emerald-cut engagement ring still exudes a certain enticement to a wearer seeking a way of combining tradition and uniqueness in deciding on jewellery selections. It is, quite simply, the ultimate classic option for an engagement ring-a fashion statement good and true in the collective consciousness of today, yet also one that was well-loved in the bygone years of yesteryear.

[teenpattiindia]

Exploring the Role of American Roulette in Teen Patti Evolution

The world of card and casino games is vast and dynamic, with a long history of evolution, blending, and cultural exchange. Two such games, American Roulette and Teen Patti, have left significant imprints on the global gambling landscape. While these two games originate from different parts of the world and feature distinct rules, there is a fascinating interplay between their cultural significance, strategic elements, and gameplay that may have influenced one another. This article explores how American Roulette may have contributed to the evolution of Teen Patti, both directly and indirectly, by examining their histories, structures, and the modern gaming industry.

Historical Background of Teen Patti and American Roulette

Teen Patti, often called "Flush" or "Indian Poker," is a card game rooted in Indian tradition. The name "Teen Patti" translates to "three cards" in Hindi, reflecting the game's reliance on hands dealt with three cards. It is a game of chance but also involves skill, strategy, and bluffing. The game traces its origins to the Indian subcontinent, particularly as a social activity during festivals like Diwali, but its structure bears similarities to British games like Three-card Brag, leading many to believe there was a significant cross-cultural exchange during British colonial rule in India.

American Roulette, on the other hand, is a classic casino game that originates from Europe. Its roots trace back to 18th-century France, and it has since undergone several changes before evolving into the American version, which includes both a single zero and a double zero slot. Unlike card games, roulette is a game of pure chance, based on predicting where a ball will land on a spinning wheel. Despite its randomness, players can bet on different combinations to increase their odds of winning, which adds a layer of strategy.

Key Elements of American Roulette and Teen Patti

At first glance, American Roulette and Teen Patti seem to have little in common. Teen Patti is a card game that involves bluffing, strategy, and a blend of chance and skill, while American Roulette is more about luck, numbers, and probability. However, if we dig deeper into the structures of these games, several parallels can be drawn.

Both games engage players in making decisions under uncertainty. In American Roulette, players must decide how much to wager and on which numbers or combinations to place their bets. In Teen Patti, players make decisions about whether to continue in a round, bluff, or raise their bets based on the perceived strength of their hands and the psychology of their opponents. Both games are anchored in the tension between risk and reward, and this balance of chance and decision-making creates an exciting atmosphere for participants.

The role of chance is particularly prominent in both games. In American Roulette, the spin of the wheel introduces unpredictability, leaving players to trust in fate. Similarly, in Teen Patti, the randomness of card distribution and the uncertainty of opponents' hands force players to adapt and make strategic moves with incomplete information. This shared reliance on chance is a common thread that weaves through both games and has likely contributed to their mutual appeal.

Cultural Crossroads and the Influence of Casino Games

The spread of American Roulette to various parts of the world during the 19th and 20th centuries played a key role in shaping modern gambling culture. As European settlers and travelers spread across the globe, they introduced games like roulette into casinos, clubs, and social gatherings. Similarly, Teen Patti, while traditionally played in Indian homes during festivals, began to gain popularity in casinos and card rooms in parts of Asia and beyond.

Globalization has also facilitated the exchange of gambling ideas across continents. In many ways, the international casino industry served as a melting pot where players from various cultures interacted and exchanged strategies and preferences. This inevitably led to a fusion of game elements, both in terms of structure and style of play.

For instance, the introduction of Teen Patti to global casino environments may have encouraged its evolution toward more formalized, structured gameplay, resembling the betting strategies and formalized stakes of games like American Roulette. Both games have evolved to suit the fast-paced, high-stakes environment of casinos, where time is limited, and quick decisions are rewarded. This shift from a leisurely festival card game to a competitive casino staple may have been influenced, in part, by the popularity and mechanics of games like American Roulette, where rapid decision-making and risk calculation are key to success.

Psychological Strategies: Bluffing vs. Probability

One of the more intriguing connections between American Roulette and Teen Patti lies in the psychology behind each game. While Teen Patti is renowned for its emphasis on bluffing and outwitting opponents, American Roulette, despite being a game of chance, also requires psychological resilience and discipline, particularly in terms of managing bets.

In Teen Patti, the act of bluffing is central to the game’s strategy. Players attempt to deceive their opponents into folding or betting in ways that benefit the bluffer. This manipulation of uncertainty shares a thematic similarity with how players approach American Roulette. Although bluffing is not part of the formal rules of roulette, experienced players often adopt psychological tactics when placing their bets. Players may employ "betting patterns" that appear random or chaotic to onlookers but are part of a larger personal strategy. Furthermore, players often face a psychological battle with themselves, grappling with how much risk they are willing to take and how far they can push their luck.

In both games, understanding probability is crucial. In American Roulette, players familiar with odds can make more informed betting decisions, minimizing risk and maximizing potential gain. Likewise, in Teen Patti, while the cards are dealt randomly, seasoned players can calculate their odds of having a stronger hand based on the visible cards and betting patterns. In this way, both games foster a deep engagement with probability, chance, and the tension between risk and reward.

Modern Gaming: Online Casinos and the Rise of Hybrid Games

In recent years, the rise of online casinos has brought together various gambling games under one virtual roof, creating an environment where cross-pollination of game styles is more common than ever before. Teen Patti and American Roulette, both featured prominently in online casinos, have seen new life in the digital age.

The convenience of online platforms has not only expanded the audience for these games but also accelerated their evolution. Online versions of Teen Patti, for example, often incorporate elements from other casino games, including variations of betting systems seen in American Roulette. Many platforms offer hybrid games that blend elements of traditional card games with roulette-like betting rounds, or vice versa. These innovations signal a merging of gameplay mechanics, as developers seek to attract players from various cultural backgrounds and gaming preferences.

Moreover, the global appeal of these games has spurred further adaptations. Teen Patti, once a game confined to South Asia, is now enjoyed by players worldwide, while American Roulette’s simplicity and accessibility have made it a staple of digital gambling. This cross-cultural influence has led to a more diverse gaming experience, where elements of one game may subtly influence the evolution of another, particularly in the fast-paced world of online gaming.

Conclusion

While Teen Patti and American Roulette may seem like worlds apart, their evolutionary trajectories have been influenced by a combination of cultural exchange, psychological strategy, and modern technological advancements. The role of American Roulette in shaping the competitive, fast-paced environment of casinos may have indirectly influenced the evolution of Teen Patti, particularly as it transitioned from a social card game to a casino favorite. Both games, rooted in chance and decision-making, offer unique insights into the human love for gambling, risk, and reward.

The future of these games will likely continue to evolve, with online casinos acting as a global stage for further innovation. As players continue to interact across borders and cultures, it will be fascinating to observe how traditional games like Teen Patti adapt and evolve in response to the influences of iconic casino games like American Roulette.

[odctravel]

History and Geography of the Hoa Ethnic Group

Ethnic minorities often reside in remote areas or high mountains, sustaining themselves through hunting or slash-and-burn agriculture. Introducing tourism to these communities can boost their income, mitigate environmental damage, and provide a refreshing climate for visitors. Let's join hands to protect our environment and make our Earth greener, cleaner, and more beautiful.

The Hoa people belong to the Sino-Tibetan language group and are an ethnic community that plays an important role in various economic, cultural, and social sectors in southern Vietnam.

Historical Origins: The Hoa people migrated to Vietnam at different times starting from the 16th century, and later during the end of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of the Qing dynasty, continuing until the first half of the 20th century. Other names: Khach, Han, Tau.

Geographical Distribution: The Hoa people migrated to both northern and southern Vietnam from various localities, through different routes, and at different times, spanning from the period of Northern domination until 1954. The establishment of the 17th parallel (in 1954), which divided Vietnam into two regions with different political regimes, saw around 40,000-45,000 Hoa people migrate from northern to southern Vietnam. Their primary living areas are Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, and Soc Trang.

Population and Language:

Population: According to the survey of 53 ethnic minorities on April 1, 2019, the total population is 749,466 people, with 389,651 males and 359,815 females. The number of households is 241,822. The rural population accounts for 30.3%.

Language: The language belongs to the Han language group (Sino-Tibetan language family).

https://www.odctravel.com.vn/

[mooresmithtreecare]

Nashville’s Architectural Wonders: A Guide to the City's Iconic Buildings

Discover a city that seamlessly blends history with modernity through its architectural wonders. Welcome to Nashville, where iconic buildings captivate both locals and visitors alike. In this guide, we will take you on a virtual tour of the city's most celebrated structures, each showcasing a unique piece of Nashville's rich architectural heritage.

From the majestic Tennessee State Capitol building, with its stunning Greek Revival style, to the grand Ryman Auditorium, hailed as the "Mother Church of Country Music," there is something to marvel at in every corner of Nashville. Explore the sleek lines of the Frist Art Museum, housed in a former post office building, and be transported back in time as you step into the opulent interiors of the historic Union Station Hotel.

Designed to both inspire and educate, this guide will not only introduce you to Nashville's architectural wonders but also delve into the stories behind each building, revealing the significant contributions they have made to the city's culture and identity.

Join us as we uncover the hidden gems and cherished landmarks that define Nashville's captivating architectural landscape. Get ready to be amazed by the city's extraordinary blend of past and present.

The Parthenon: Nashville's Replica of the Ancient Greek Temple

Nashville's Parthenon stands as a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens, Greece, embodying an unparalleled blend of art, culture, and history. Erected in 1897 as part of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, this architectural marvel serves not only as a monument to ancient Greek civilization but also celebrates Tennessee's rich cultural heritage.

Inside, the Parthenon houses an art museum featuring a collection of 19th and 20th-century American paintings. At its heart lies a towering statue of Athena, meticulously crafted to mirror the ancient original. This structure is a testament to Nashville's moniker, the "Athens of the South," showcasing the city's deep appreciation for classical beauty and architectural grandeur.

The Parthenon’s presence in Nashville goes beyond mere aesthetics; it represents the city's commitment to education, culture, and the arts. Its enduring legacy continues to inspire visitors, drawing parallels between ancient civilizations and modern society, and highlighting the timeless nature of architectural excellence.

The AT&T Building: Nashville's Iconic "Batman Building"

Dominating Nashville's skyline, the AT&T Building, affectionately known as the "Batman Building," is a modern architectural phenomenon. Its distinctive twin spires, resembling the ears of the iconic superhero's mask, make it one of the most recognizable landmarks in the city. Completed in 1994, this skyscraper is not only a testament to contemporary design but also marks Nashville's foray into the era of modern skyscrapers.

The building's significance extends beyond its unique silhouette. It represents Nashville's growth and development as a major urban center, mirroring the city's evolution while respecting its historical roots. The AT&T Building is more than just an office tower; it's a symbol of Nashville's dynamic progress and its thriving future.

At night, the building comes alive, with its spires illuminated, casting a watchful eye over the city. This visual spectacle adds to the building's mystique, making it a beloved feature of Nashville's nightscape. The AT&T Building encapsulates the spirit of innovation and ambition that drives the city forward.

Ryman Auditorium: The Historic Home of Country Music

Ryman Auditorium, often called the "Mother Church of Country Music," is hallowed ground for music lovers worldwide. Originally built as a tabernacle in 1892, it evolved into a cultural institution, hosting the Grand Ole Opry for decades. Its intimate setting and exceptional acoustics have made it a favored venue among musicians and fans alike.

The Ryman's Gothic Revival architecture adds a sense of timelessness to its concerts and events. This historic venue has seen performances by legends of country music, cementing its place in the annals of music history. It's a living museum where every concert feels like a journey through time.

Today, the Ryman Auditorium serves as a beacon for aspiring artists and a pilgrimage site for music enthusiasts. Its preservation as a National Historic Landmark underscores its importance not just to Nashville but to the heritage of American music. The Ryman is a testament to the enduring appeal of country music and its ability to bring people together.

Exploring Nashville's Architectural Treasures

Nashville's architectural landscape is a vivid tapestry that weaves together threads of history, art, culture, and innovation. From the classical grandeur of the Parthenon to the modern majesty of the AT&T Building, and the historical significance of the Ryman Auditorium, these structures tell the story of a city that honors its past while boldly marching into the future.

Exploring Nashville's architectural wonders offers a glimpse into the soul of the city. It's an invitation to experience the harmony between the old and the new, the traditional and the contemporary. Each building, with its own story and significance, contributes to the rich cultural tapestry that makes Nashville unique.

As we conclude this guide, it's clear that Nashville's architectural treasures are not just buildings; they are landmarks of human creativity and spirit. They stand as testaments to the city's resilience, its vibrant culture, and its unwavering commitment to excellence. Nashville invites you to explore, to discover, and to be inspired by its architectural wonders—a journey that promises to be as enriching as it is unforgettable.

How to Choose the Right Tree Service and Tree Trimming in Nashville, TN

Are you looking for a reliable tree service and tree trimming provider in Nashville TN? Look no further! I am the owner of Moore & Smith Tree Care, and I am dedicated to providing top-notch tree care services to the residents of Nashville and its surrounding areas.

Choosing the right tree service is crucial for the health and safety of your trees, as well as the aesthetics of your property. With my years of experience in the industry, I understand the unique needs of each tree and strive to deliver tailored solutions that meet your expectations.

When it comes to selecting a tree service, there are a few key factors to consider. First, ensure that the company is licensed, insured, and certified. This will give you peace of mind knowing that the service provider adheres to industry standards and practices. Additionally, it's important to choose a company that has a proven track record of delivering high-quality work and has positive reviews from satisfied customers.

At Moore & Smith Tree Care, we take pride in our exceptional customer service and attention to detail. Our team of skilled arborists is passionate about trees and will go above and beyond to ensure your trees are healthy, safe, and beautiful.

Importance of Choosing the Right Tree Service

Selecting a reputable tree service provider is not just about maintaining the aesthetics of your property; it's about ensuring the health and longevity of your trees. A professional tree service can advise on the best care routines and treatments for your trees, helping to prevent diseases and pest infestations that can cause long-term damage.

Moreover, experienced arborists have the knowledge and equipment necessary to perform tree trimming and removal safely. Improper tree care can pose significant risks to your property, your trees, and even personal safety. Therefore, choosing the right tree service is an investment in the well-being of your entire property.

Researching Tree Service Providers in Nashville TN

Nashville, TN, is home to a diverse range of tree species, each with its specific care requirements. When looking for a tree service provider, start by researching companies with experience in handling the specific types of trees on your property.

The internet is a valuable resource for finding and comparing local tree services. Most reputable companies have websites and social media profiles where you can learn about their services, experience, and customer feedback. Additionally, local community boards and forums can be great places to ask for recommendations.

Considerations When Choosing a Tree Service

Checking for Proper Licensing and Insurance

One of the first steps in choosing a tree service provider is to verify their licensing and insurance. A licensed company has met the state or local municipality’s requirements to operate as a tree service provider. Insurance, particularly liability and workers' compensation insurance, protects you and your property in the event of accidents or damages.

Evaluating the Experience and Expertise of the Tree Service Provider

The experience and expertise of a tree service provider are crucial to ensuring the health of your trees and the safety of your property. Inquire about the qualifications of the arborists on staff. Certified arborists have undergone rigorous training and examination to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in tree care.

Reading Customer Reviews and Testimonials

Customer reviews and testimonials can provide insight into the quality of service and customer satisfaction. Look for reviews on independent websites, as well as the company’s own site. Pay attention to how the company responds to both positive and negative feedback, as this can indicate their level of customer service and professionalism.

Requesting a Free Consultation and Estimate

Most reputable tree service providers offer free consultations and estimates. This is an opportunity for you to meet with an arborist, discuss your tree care needs, and get a sense of the company’s approach. It’s also a chance to ask questions and clarify any concerns you may have about the services offered.

Understanding the Services Offered by the Tree Service Provider

Comprehensive tree care encompasses more than just trimming and removal. Inquire about the range of services offered, such as disease management, pest control, soil care, and emergency services. A provider that offers a full spectrum of tree care services can better meet the diverse needs of your trees.

Comparing Prices and Getting Multiple Quotes

While price should not be the sole factor in choosing a tree service provider, it is an important consideration. Get quotes from several companies to compare prices and understand what is included in their services. Be wary of quotes that are significantly lower than others, as this may indicate a lack of experience or insurance.

Making the Final Decision and Scheduling Tree Trimming Services

After considering all the factors mentioned above, it's time to make your final decision. Choose the tree service provider that you feel most confident in, based on their expertise, reputation, and the value they offer. Once you've made your choice, schedule the necessary tree trimming or care services to ensure your trees remain healthy and beautiful for years to come.

Conclusion

Finding the right tree service and tree trimming provider in Nashville, TN, requires careful consideration and research. By choosing a licensed, insured, and experienced provider like Moore & Smith Tree Care, you can ensure the health and safety of your trees and property. Remember, your trees are a vital part of your landscape and deserve the best care possible. Don't hesitate to contact Moore & Smith Tree Care today for all your tree care needs.

This condensed version serves as a foundation for creating a comprehensive 3000-word blog article. To expand it further, delve deeper into each section, providing detailed examples, additional advice, and possibly incorporating more specific information about the services offered by Moore & Smith Tree Care. Learn more.

Moore & Smith Tree Care LLC 301 S Perimeter Park Dr #100, Nashville, TN 37211, United States (615) 877–8733 https://nashvilletntreeservice.com/

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Consortium News:

It is easily imaginable that nuclear war could break out between Russia (and perhaps China) and the West, yet politicians continue to escalate tensions, place hundreds of thousands of troops at “high readiness,” and attack military targets inside Russia, even while ordinary citizens blithely go on with their lives. The situation is without parallel in history. Consider the following facts. A hostile military alliance, now including even Sweden and Finland, is at the very borders of Russia. How are Russian leaders — whose country was almost destroyed by Western invasion twice in the 20th century — supposed to react to this? How would Washington react if Mexico or Canada belonged to an enormous, expansionist, and highly belligerent anti-U.S. military alliance?