#Computer Network Assignment Writing

[icewindandboringhorror]

Daily Log 2

Trying out (probably just temporarily) making short daily-ish notes about things, in an attempt to see if it helps me be more reflective or productive lol.

Activities: Much less than yesterday, felt sick and sleepy so barely got anything done. It was also warmer inside today.. Very much dreading summer. I still feel like the people who ~~ love warm weather sooo much~~ must also have central heating and air and are able to escape the warmth, or at least have cool airy houses where they can get cross breezes or something.. I just fail to see how ANYONE could enjoy sweating all day because it's like 75F indoors, etc. grrbb,,, the headaches, sleepless sweaty nights, constant physical discomfort, etc. The next few days look cloudy and rainy though so.. yEs.. haha HA

Got a new charger for my old 2004 nokia phone so it actually turns on now, and recorded myself going through the ringtones and games. I might add the footage to a currently not fully edited video of me also looking through other electronics (old phones, turbo twist math, etc.). I love old ringtones actually and if I were rich, I would love to collect old phones specifically just to have a catalogue of what they're like and all of the sounds they contain.

Managed to have a tiny burst of energy and take photos of 3 outfits before my arms and shoulder started hurting and I got too warm.

Sent email to one doctor.

Translated like 3 words for the Avirrekava poem thing I mentioned yesterday. My language document is not organized very well at all so I've kind of lost my flow of working on it. I've heard about people making searchable dictionary type things for their conlangs, so I'd like to look more into that maybe. As well as making a custom font, though I don't know if that's more difficult for syllabaries (so wouldn't be directly linkable to a plain english alphabet keyboard?? eh?). Anyway, I need to finish the tapestry/painting thing/etc. soon though since I have no good place to put it. The canvas is warping a little just laying haphazardly on my closet floor lol.

Made one quick mspaint background image for the next batch of song snippet things for my jokey music youtube.

Edited like 10 minutes of the Giant Worldbuilding Slideshow Project.. couldn't focus on that either since being at the computer today irritated my shoulders and arms.

Notable sights: Saw 6 baby ducks and their parents swimming in a nearby pond!! It's interesting how their colors seem to change so much, and the young ones have the little spots on their back. Not much else, I was not very active lol..

Goals moving forward: Still working on consistent sleep schedule. Focus on social activities, finding new friends in the places I want to move, communicating with ones I have. Physical therapy exercises. Plant nasturtiums. Finish and upload videos, edit pictures, post the poll adventure thing that has been sitting in a draft for weeks (I thought I would get it done today, but alas.. I don't even have to do much, just proofread and post it, I just keep having no energy/being preoccupied with other things/hurts to be on computer.. grrr.. I want to continue the story lol >:T).

Notable foods: HAD ASPARAGUS YEaaaaaghhhHHHH!!!!!!!!! Asparagus SQUAD!!!!!!!!!! ... Also a few pieces of smoked gouda with lunch, one of my favorite cheeses.

[lieutenantselnia]

@assortedvillainvault I felt like this is something you should see as well

[csuitebitches]

2024 Planning

I started planning for 2024 today. I’ve learned a lot this year, made mistakes, had some successes and now it’s time to take all my learnings, good or bad, and go to the next level.

I prefer starting next year’s routine from 2023’s November and December so that by the time January rolls around, I’m settled into the routine. If there’s any revisions necessary, I can do them without starting my new year on the wrong foot.

I maintain my goals on mostly short and medium term basis. This includes daily, weekly and quarterly planning (I don’t do monthly because it doesn’t work for me).

This may seem complicated (actually, it looks more complicated than it is but it’s just what helps me) but let me show you how exactly I do things.

I keep two diaries. One for daily and weekly and one for quarterly. I have a habit tracker on my phone for my daily non-Negotiables (exercise, meditation, reading and language).

The quarterly diary is my big big diary. Every quarter, it lists out all the big plans, what i want to do and who i want to be. It’s all the messy thoughts I have, all my dreams, my weaknesses, my strengths, etc etc. The only “practical” part of the diary is that there is one general plan made at the end of my mad scribbling. It has the general idea, feedback I’ve received from other people and compilation of all the advice I’ve gotten from my mentors.

2. The daily - weekly diary breaks the plan into manageable bits. I write out the week’s plan (who do i need to meet, who do i need to follow up with, any major presentation coming up, any assignment, what am i reading this week) and write a one sentence daily update on it.

I can’t use a habit tracker for this because i’m not tracking meditation or exercise on here. I’m tracking my career goals, my ambitious goals, into smaller goals. A habit tracker wouldnt cut it because I would have to elaborate more on certain things.

For example:

“20-27th Nov: Weekly list

budget presentation on Monday

1 event to attend on Tuesday. Topic: XYZ

Reading: the inheritors

reach out to mentor, schedule a meeting

7 language essays and 7 videos

Monday, 20th Nov.

work presentation: complete.

Feedback received: i need to work on XYZ.

points they raised that didnt cross my mind: XYZ

follow ups required and if yes, with who: XYZ

reading: complete. Interesting point they brought up: XYZ

essay for the day: complete.

Video complete:

Tuesday, 21st Nov

mentor meeting scheduled

event went well. Met: A, B, C who work in XYZ companies. Follow up with them next week for coffee/ drinks.

essay: complete

video: complete”

Having two diaries helps me because i can find my bigger goals without having to go through the daily entry mess. I like having the two separate.

Nov ‘23 + Dec ‘23 + Q1 2024’s goals include:

Social (meeting new people, maintaining networks)

Intellectual (biographies, documentaries, industry reports)

Personal (soft skills, language studies)

Work (presentations, courses, conferences)

A major change I’ve making this year is actively working on every single weakness I have that I know is a potential strength. I’m ignoring weaknesses that I know are 100% weaknesses like coding because there’s just no way I can sit in front of a computer and learn all that, it’s absolutely not my cup of tea and does not make me happy.

I made a list of every single weakness i have and I’m embarrassed about and ashamed of. 2024 is the year of NO shame. I’m not letting my intrusive thoughts win.

Next to each weakness I wrote out a potential solution.

Ex: not picking up the language i’m studying as fast as i want to -> write 1 short essay and a 1-2 minute video of me talking about anything in that language every single day

I’m not allowing any unnecessary negative self doubt or self talk happen. Constructive criticism is one thing, being a bitch to yourself is another. I plan to learn a lot next year.

I’ve created a manageable exposure therapy plan for myself - I aim to meet 3 new people every month and follow up with 5 new connections every month, whether it’s over chat or irl.

I’ve made a list of business biographies I’m going to read. This year I reached my reading target earlier than anticipated which I’m very happy about. Next year I’m focusing on books that are solely about business, technology and psychology.

[nostalgebraist]

information flow in transformers

In machine learning, the transformer architecture is a very commonly used type of neural network model. Many of the well-known neural nets introduced in the last few years use this architecture, including GPT-2, GPT-3, and GPT-4.

This post is about the way that computation is structured inside of a transformer.

Internally, these models pass information around in a constrained way that feels strange and limited at first glance.

Specifically, inside the "program" implemented by a transformer, each segment of "code" can only access a subset of the program's "state." If the program computes a value, and writes it into the state, that doesn't make value available to any block of code that might run after the write; instead, only some operations can access the value, while others are prohibited from seeing it.

This sounds vaguely like the kind of constraint that human programmers often put on themselves: "separation of concerns," "no global variables," "your function should only take the inputs it needs," that sort of thing.

However, the apparent analogy is misleading. The transformer constraints don't look much like anything that a human programmer would write, at least under normal circumstances. And the rationale behind them is very different from "modularity" or "separation of concerns."

(Domain experts know all about this already -- this is a pedagogical post for everyone else.)

1. setting the stage

For concreteness, let's think about a transformer that is a causal language model.

So, something like GPT-3, or the model that wrote text for @nostalgebraist-autoresponder.

Roughly speaking, this model's input is a sequence of words, like ["Fido", "is", "a", "dog"].

Since the model needs to know the order the words come in, we'll include an integer offset alongside each word, specifying the position of this element in the sequence. So, in full, our example input is

[ ("Fido", 0), ("is", 1), ("a", 2), ("dog", 3), ]

The model itself -- the neural network -- can be viewed as a single long function, which operates on a single element of the sequence. Its task is to output the next element.

Let's call the function f. If f does its job perfectly, then when applied to our example sequence, we will have

f("Fido", 0) = "is" f("is", 1) = "a" f("a", 2) = "dog"

(Note: I've omitted the index from the output type, since it's always obvious what the next index is. Also, in reality the output type is a probability distribution over words, not just a word; the goal is to put high probability on the next word. I'm ignoring this to simplify exposition.)

You may have noticed something: as written, this seems impossible!

Like, how is the function supposed to know that after ("a", 2), the next word is "dog"!? The word "a" could be followed by all sorts of things.

What makes "dog" likely, in this case, is the fact that we're talking about someone named "Fido."

That information isn't contained in ("a", 2). To do the right thing here, you need info from the whole sequence thus far -- from "Fido is a", as opposed to just "a".

How can f get this information, if its input is just a single word and an index?

This is possible because f isn't a pure function. The program has an internal state, which f can access and modify.

But f doesn't just have arbitrary read/write access to the state. Its access is constrained, in a very specific sort of way.

2. transformer-style programming

Let's get more specific about the program state.

The state consists of a series of distinct "memory regions" or "blocks," which have an order assigned to them.

Let's use the notation memory_i for these. The first block is memory_0, the second is memory_1, and so on.

In practice, a small transformer might have around 10 of these blocks, while a very large one might have 100 or more.

Each block contains a separate data-storage "cell" for each offset in the sequence.

For example, memory_0 contains a cell for position 0 ("Fido" in our example text), and a cell for position 1 ("is"), and so on. Meanwhile, memory_1 contains its own, distinct cells for each of these positions. And so does memory_2, etc.

So the overall layout looks like:

memory_0: [cell 0, cell 1, ...] memory_1: [cell 0, cell 1, ...] [...]

Our function f can interact with this program state. But it must do so in a way that conforms to a set of rules.

Here are the rules:

The function can only interact with the blocks by using a specific instruction.

This instruction is an "atomic write+read". It writes data to a block, then reads data from that block for f to use.

When the instruction writes data, it goes in the cell specified in the function offset argument. That is, the "i" in f(..., i).

When the instruction reads data, the data comes from all cells up to and including the offset argument.

The function must call the instruction exactly once for each block.

These calls must happen in order. For example, you can't do the call for memory_1 until you've done the one for memory_0.

Here's some pseudo-code, showing a generic computation of this kind:

f(x, i) { calculate some things using x and i; // next 2 lines are a single instruction write to memory_0 at position i; z0 = read from memory_0 at positions 0...i; calculate some things using x, i, and z0; // next 2 lines are a single instruction write to memory_1 at position i; z1 = read from memory_1 at positions 0...i; calculate some things using x, i, z0, and z1; [etc.] }

The rules impose a tradeoff between the amount of processing required to produce a value, and how early the value can be accessed within the function body.

Consider the moment when data is written to memory_0. This happens before anything is read (even from memory_0 itself).

So the data in memory_0 has been computed only on the basis of individual inputs like ("a," 2). It can't leverage any information about multiple words and how they relate to one another.

But just after the write to memory_0, there's a read from memory_0. This read pulls in data computed by f when it ran on all the earlier words in the sequence.

If we're processing ("a", 2) in our example, then this is the point where our code is first able to access facts like "the word 'Fido' appeared earlier in the text."

However, we still know less than we might prefer.

Recall that memory_0 gets written before anything gets read. The data living there only reflects what f knows before it can see all the other words, while it still only has access to the one word that appeared in its input.

The data we've just read does not contain a holistic, "fully processed" representation of the whole sequence so far ("Fido is a"). Instead, it contains:

a representation of ("Fido", 0) alone, computed in ignorance of the rest of the text

a representation of ("is", 1) alone, computed in ignorance of the rest of the text

a representation of ("a", 2) alone, computed in ignorance of the rest of the text

Now, once we get to memory_1, we will no longer face this problem. Stuff in memory_1 gets computed with the benefit of whatever was in memory_0. The step that computes it can "see all the words at once."

Nonetheless, the whole function is affected by a generalized version of the same quirk.

All else being equal, data stored in later blocks ought to be more useful. Suppose for instance that

memory_4 gets read/written 20% of the way through the function body, and

memory_16 gets read/written 80% of the way through the function body

Here, strictly more computation can be leveraged to produce the data in memory_16. Calculations which are simple enough to fit in the program, but too complex to fit in just 20% of the program, can be stored in memory_16 but not in memory_4.

All else being equal, then, we'd prefer to read from memory_16 rather than memory_4 if possible.

But in fact, we can only read from memory_16 once -- at a point 80% of the way through the code, when the read/write happens for that block.

The general picture looks like:

The early parts of the function can see and leverage what got computed earlier in the sequence -- by the same early parts of the function. This data is relatively "weak," since not much computation went into it. But, by the same token, we have plenty of time to further process it.

The late parts of the function can see and leverage what got computed earlier in the sequence -- by the same late parts of the function. This data is relatively "strong," since lots of computation went into it. But, by the same token, we don't have much time left to further process it.

3. why?

There are multiple ways you can "run" the program specified by f.

Here's one way, which is used when generating text, and which matches popular intuitions about how language models work:

First, we run f("Fido", 0) from start to end. The function returns "is." As a side effect, it populates cell 0 of every memory block.

Next, we run f("is", 1) from start to end. The function returns "a." As a side effect, it populates cell 1 of every memory block.

Etc.

If we're running the code like this, the constraints described earlier feel weird and pointlessly restrictive.

By the time we're running f("is", 1), we've already populated some data into every memory block, all the way up to memory_16 or whatever.

This data is already there, and contains lots of useful insights.

And yet, during the function call f("is", 1), we "forget about" this data -- only to progressively remember it again, block by block. The early parts of this call have only memory_0 to play with, and then memory_1, etc. Only at the end do we allow access to the juicy, extensively processed results that occupy the final blocks.

Why? Why not just let this call read memory_16 immediately, on the first line of code? The data is sitting there, ready to be used!

Why? Because the constraint enables a second way of running this program.

The second way is equivalent to the first, in the sense of producing the same outputs. But instead of processing one word at a time, it processes a whole sequence of words, in parallel.

Here's how it works:

In parallel, run f("Fido", 0) and f("is", 1) and f("a", 2), up until the first write+read instruction. You can do this because the functions are causally independent of one another, up to this point. We now have 3 copies of f, each at the same "line of code": the first write+read instruction.

Perform the write part of the instruction for all the copies, in parallel. This populates cells 0, 1 and 2 of memory_0.

Perform the read part of the instruction for all the copies, in parallel. Each copy of f receives some of the data just written to memory_0, covering offsets up to its own. For instance, f("is", 1) gets data from cells 0 and 1.

In parallel, continue running the 3 copies of f, covering the code between the first write+read instruction and the second.

Perform the second write. This populates cells 0, 1 and 2 of memory_1.

Perform the second read.

Repeat like this until done.

Observe that mode of operation only works if you have a complete input sequence ready before you run anything.

(You can't parallelize over later positions in the sequence if you don't know, yet, what words they contain.)

So, this won't work when the model is generating text, word by word.

But it will work if you have a bunch of texts, and you want to process those texts with the model, for the sake of updating the model so it does a better job of predicting them.

This is called "training," and it's how neural nets get made in the first place. In our programming analogy, it's how the code inside the function body gets written.

The fact that we can train in parallel over the sequence is a huge deal, and probably accounts for most (or even all) of the benefit that transformers have over earlier architectures like RNNs.

Accelerators like GPUs are really good at doing the kinds of calculations that happen inside neural nets, in parallel.

So if you can make your training process more parallel, you can effectively multiply the computing power available to it, for free. (I'm omitting many caveats here -- see this great post for details.)

Transformer training isn't maximally parallel. It's still sequential in one "dimension," namely the layers, which correspond to our write+read steps here. You can't parallelize those.

But it is, at least, parallel along some dimension, namely the sequence dimension.

The older RNN architecture, by contrast, was inherently sequential along both these dimensions. Training an RNN is, effectively, a nested for loop. But training a transformer is just a regular, single for loop.

4. tying it together

The "magical" thing about this setup is that both ways of running the model do the same thing. You are, literally, doing the same exact computation. The function can't tell whether it is being run one way or the other.

This is crucial, because we want the training process -- which uses the parallel mode -- to teach the model how to perform generation, which uses the sequential mode. Since both modes look the same from the model's perspective, this works.

This constraint -- that the code can run in parallel over the sequence, and that this must do the same thing as running it sequentially -- is the reason for everything else we noted above.

Earlier, we asked: why can't we allow later (in the sequence) invocations of f to read earlier data out of blocks like memory_16 immediately, on "the first line of code"?

And the answer is: because that would break parallelism. You'd have to run f("Fido", 0) all the way through before even starting to run f("is", 1).

By structuring the computation in this specific way, we provide the model with the benefits of recurrence -- writing things down at earlier positions, accessing them at later positions, and writing further things down which can be accessed even later -- while breaking the sequential dependencies that would ordinarily prevent a recurrent calculation from being executed in parallel.

In other words, we've found a way to create an iterative function that takes its own outputs as input -- and does so repeatedly, producing longer and longer outputs to be read off by its next invocation -- with the property that this iteration can be run in parallel.

We can run the first 10% of every iteration -- of f() and f(f()) and f(f(f())) and so on -- at the same time, before we know what will happen in the later stages of any iteration.

The call f(f()) uses all the information handed to it by f() -- eventually. But it cannot make any requests for information that would leave itself idling, waiting for f() to fully complete.

Whenever f(f()) needs a value computed by f(), it is always the value that f() -- running alongside f(f()), simultaneously -- has just written down, a mere moment ago.

No dead time, no idling, no waiting-for-the-other-guy-to-finish.

p.s.

The "memory blocks" here correspond to what are called "keys and values" in usual transformer lingo.

If you've heard the term "KV cache," it refers to the contents of the memory blocks during generation, when we're running in "sequential mode."

Usually, during generation, one keeps this state in memory and appends a new cell to each block whenever a new token is generated (and, as a result, the sequence gets longer by 1).

This is called "caching" to contrast it with the worse approach of throwing away the block contents after each generated token, and then re-generating them by running f on the whole sequence so far (not just the latest token). And then having to do that over and over, once per generated token.

[stephiethewephie]

Chandeliers and Fireflies

I AM SO LATE TO THIS I AM SORRY!!!

So I saw a fan event from @starry-night-rose called Glimmering Soirée. And as soon as I saw it was a ball event based on Cinderella, I was like YES YES YES! WHERE IS MY COMPUTER! I HAVE TO WRITE SOMETHING! Here is a summary on the event to get some context for the fic. Synopsis: Piper and Grim have been tasked by Headmaster Crowley to help the chosen princes with their lessons as well as getting them prepared for the ball. This is going to be in multiple chapters that I will be posting on separate dates. Enjoy!

Chapter 1: A Job for us...Again

After the announcement of the princes, all eyes were on the four in either shock, enthusiasm for the princes, or anger that they weren't picked. The four princes all had different reactions:

Malleus Draconia... was not there... probably forgot to come or was not invited again. But, luckily Lilia was there, and he seemed over the moon at the fact that Malleus was chosen as one of the Princes. He will have to convey that information to him once he sees him.

Deuce Spade was in a state of disbelief. Him? A prince? He honestly never considered himself to be royalty fit. He hardly knew any royals who were delinquents. However, as a dedicated honors student, he felt determined to take this role on the best he can and be a fantastic representative for Night Raven College.

Azul Ashengrotto looked like he had thaumark signs in his eyes. His mind was reeling with ways in which he can take advantage of this position for his gain in the market space. What networks he will get, advertisements for the lounge, poor souls he can swindle- I mean make offers with. The endless possibilities made Azul giddy to get out of the classroom and start writing up plans.

Kalim-Al Asim was ecstatic. He loved hosting events at home and at his dorm. So, the chance to host a ball for two schools is something he is definitely excited about. He's already thinking of the music, food, elephants, everything a party needs. It has not occurred to him that he has not participated in a traditional ball before.

"So," the headmage interrupted the stares. "Now that we have our princes, lessons shall begin tomorrow. In the meantime, everyone return to your dorms. Each one has been given an assigned task to complete before the Glimmering Soirée. Be sure to complete them in a timely manner, we don't want our school getting bad pre- I mean, we should be the best host possible for the ball! Dismissed!"

There were friendly teases and annoyed grumbles as those who were not picked as princes left. The four princes (minus Malleus) took the teases in stride, except for Azul who was trying his best just to leave, but the Leech twins made that almost impossible. They teased their little "Princey" until Azul shoved them out of the way.

Piper, the magicless prefect of Ramshackle dorm, was about to leave her spot with her Pooh bear and congratulate the princes until she heard a frustrated "Myah" from her feline companion.

"The choices were rigged," Grim said with a pout. "I should be one of the princes! Just look at me!" He smirked and crossed his arms. "I am the most dashing student here!"

"If by dashing, you mean dashingly unappealing, then I would agree," a cocky voice said behind them. The two Ramshackle residents looked to see Ace Trappola with a mischievous smirk of his own. Piper could swear Grim's fire ears started to smoke at Ace's comment.

"Grr... big talk from someone who didn't get picked either," Grim said, looking like he was going to pounce Ace. Piper was about to intervene before hearing another voice.

"Kock it off you two," a voice said coming towards the three. They looked to see the blue haired prince-to-be coming towards them.

"Well, look who decided to grace us with his presence," Ace teased his fellow Heartslabyul freshman. Deuce became flushed in embarassment.

"You come to rub your royalty in our face?" Grim asked, still salty about the results.

"Would you two quit it with that?" Deuce asked getting frustrated at the teasing. "Just because I was chosen does not mean I'm any less different than I was before. And besides, it was chosen by chance, so I'm no special than anyone if they were chosen."

"Ah come on Deucey," Ace played it off. "We're just playing around!"

"And Grim has a bit of jealousy over not being picked," Piper said with a giggle. Grim made a surprised, "mrah!," over the sudden call-out from his henchman.

"Oh," Deuce suddenly gained a smirk. "So that's why you're acting cranky towards me."

"I've had enough of all of you," Grim yelled. "Come on henchman, we're leaving!"

"Congratulations Deuce," Piper said in her chipper demeanor. "I know you'll be a great prince!"

"Ahh," Deuce blushed before giving a sincere smile to Piper. "If you really think so, then thank you Piper!" He raised his fist to his chest. "I'll make sure that I'm the best prince I can be!"

The four of them got up to leave. Before Piper and Grim could walk out the door, they heard another familiar voice calling to them.

"Ms. Finch, Grim, could you stay for just a moment," the voice came from the headmage. Sensing an important task was coming, Piper walked back to Crowley.

"How may I assist, Headmage Crowley," Piper said in a way that showed enthusiasm. Grim looked displeased with her response, but the headmaster gleamed.

"Love the enthusiasm, Ms. Finch," Crowley said with glee. "I've noticed that I have not yet given an assignment to your dorm. Luckily for you, I have chosen a special position for the both of you." Piper knew this would be another way for Crowley to get out of a task, but she was always willing to help anyway she could. Grim didn't look that willing. "The princes of the ball may need some assistance in lessons and preparation, I would like to ask you assist in the princes' lessons and preparation before the ball!" Piper looked excited and more than willing to help, but Grim still wasn't happy to do work.

"Nyah! I don't get to be a prince, and now I have to be their personal assistant?" Grim said with his pout again. Piper shook her head at the silly-ole-cat.

"Ah, don't think I have not thought of a form of repayment for your services," The headmage said trying to reassure the cat. "Those who assist the princes will have the privilege to attend the Glimmering Soirée alongside them. This includes formal attire on the school and early access to festivities, food, and the dance floor. Oh how kind am I?"

"Y-you mean," Grim said in shock. "I can eat all the good food before everyone else?!"

"Also," Crowley continued. "Working closely to the princes grants you a great advantage of becoming Belle of the Ball, which will be voted on by both faculty and the princes. The student who is chosen shall be given high honors such as a crown, scepter, and many others."

"A crown and a scepter?!" Grim said as his pout turned into a huge grin. "Mrah ha ha! I accept this assignment!"

"Silly-ole-cat," Piper said with a sigh. "I shall also be glad to help!" Piper responded to Crowley. She did not care for the rewards as she only cared for helping her classmates and her school.

"Splendid!" The headmaster beamed. "I shall see you tomorrow morning for the first lesson!"

With that Piper took Pooh and Grim out the lecture room. Determined to do her best to help out the princes in any way she could.

"Watch out Glimmering Soirée!" Grim said with a smirk, "Your Belle of the Ball is coming your way!"

Chapter 2

Thank you for reading! I'll try to get the other chapters out as soon as I can, but I wanted to get this one out as soon as possible! I'm happy to be participating in this amazing event!

[nczaversnick]

Writing Share/Out of Context Tag

Thanks to @drchenquill for the tag

This bit is from Chapter 6

———————————————

Faint background noise echoed from a small, dark room. The only things that could be seen that were illuminated by the flashing images displayed on a 32-inch glass screen

could be heard echoing from a couple of speakers in a small room. Displayed on a 32-inch glass screen were flashing images of an unknown product, neither interesting nor entertaining to the two uniformed figures in the small, dark room.

One of them with wild, ginger hair reached out and plugged in a wire from the glass screen to their laptop to add to their endless collection of several other wires that went this way and that.

“We should really find you a better set up,” the other with golden as the sun hair gruffed, inspecting the tangled mess of rubbered strings.

“Hey, if it works, it works,” the ginger grinned, plugging in yet another wire, this time from their laptop to one of the three computer monitors they had set up in front of them.

The blonde huffed which earned a chuckle from the other.

“Jealous of my awesome setup?”

“Hardly,” he turned his attention back towards the screen, “The news should be coming back any minute now.”

“Don’t worry your pants about it, I’ve got it all taken care of in 3, 2-”

The ginger pointed to the glass screen and, as if right on cue, a brunette woman appeared on the screen with a serious expression plastered on her face. There was a red banner with scrolling white text on the bottom and the letters ‘IN’ were placed in the corner:

TV: “Good evening, this is Truman and you are watching Insider

News, the best news network to bring you the cold, honest

stories from all across Titania. In today’s headlines-”

“The ‘cold, honest stories’, give me a break,” the ginger stuffed a chip inside their mouth as the news anchor wrapped up her introduction and another commercial began to play.

“Hey, I need you to focus.”

“I can’t focus on an empty stomach, it stresses me out.”

The blonde gave them a look.

“Oh, come on, when have I let you down?”

Silence.

“Exactly. Just let your ‘ol pal do their thing.”

They leaned back in their chair, hands folded behind their head. After another long minute of mindless music passing painfully in the already tense room, the screen finally changed. They peeked one eye open and straightened up in their chair.

“Showtime.”

Keyboard keys clattered in the background:

TV: “Moreover, the government has decided that all markets and malls in the division should remain closed until the situation gets better. However, the pharmacies and the export industry will remain open.”

TV: “Thank you, Clarkson. At about 18:03 today, officers assigned to District C-7, Bourne, responded to a radio call requesting back-up. On arrival, officers found two hospital security personnel semi-conscious inside of the pharmacy. One of the security members provided information on the possible whereabouts of the suspect. Additional units arrived at the scene and began to search for the suspect and eventually located a male in the city of Dreake.”

The image on the screen froze for a brief moment and a faint bzzt soon followed. A computer mouse clicked in the distance a few times and the images unfroze as the broadcaster continued:

TV: “Officers arrested 47-year-old Riley Clements in front of his home. Clements is expected to be arraigned in Titania District Court on charges of Disorderly Conduct, Aggravated Battery, and Possession of Stolen Property. It’s still unknown whether Clements worked alone or was part of a group, but investigators are working closely with officials to make sure all who were involved are taken in. We will keep you updated on any more information that is brought in. Until then, it’s time for a commercial break. Stay with us!”

A silent wave of relief swept over the room.

“Hah,” the ginger threw their hands up in the air, a wide grin spreading across their face, “maybe this will teach you to stop using crappy security and being so predictable with all your news anchoring, Truman!”

The blonde raised his eyebrow at their fanatics.

“What? I just don’t like her,” they shrugged.

———————————————

Tags (comment if you want to be +/-)

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[ladydeath-vanserra]

yeah see seeing all these ✨️city people✨️ and people with a lot of privilege and classism routinely calling rural iowans (SPECIFICALLY iowans) 'hicks' makes me angry and it makes me sad

we're not fucking STUPID. and a lot of the "stupidity" is often intentionally CREATED by making sure our schools are underfunded without access to proper education to build critical thinking skills and proper RESEARCH skills and limited access to news outside of newspapers and fox news. it's intentional. it's by design.

Educated rural folks who have the luxury (yes LUXURY and PRIVILEGE) to go to college to get educated LEAVE the areas where they could be the most beneficial for change and making communities diverse and more progressive and it furthers right wing, republican agendas by keeping people without access to resources and desperate and angry with the wrong people

"well you have access to the internet" yeah and the internet is full of misinformation and a lot of people are not taught how to look for credible sources or websites or how to look at biased language in writing so they ARE more susceptible to propaganda via fox News and the internet. you know what the internet also has? targeted ads and algorithms making sure you keep seeing the same kind of content and people who don't know DON'T know

however a lot of practical skills? knowledge that isn't BOOK SMART? I know plenty and they're so, so, so smart. but all I see from liberals and leftists is the refusal to use layman and simplified terms and "um! actually you need to educate yourself ☝🏻" and use unnecessarily difficult phrases

you say "defund the police" and people hear "be lawless and have no safety networks to prevent crime" instead of trying to find less #edgy slogans for what you ACTUALLY mean

you don't know what you don't know and calling us fucking hicks and ignorant isn't helping anyone. Tumblr was my first experience outside of Facebook where I learned about asexuality? it Didn't have an algorithm so I'll was able to be immersed in different cultures and view points

I'm not trying to make excuses for anyone being in rural Iowa for being hateful or racist or queerphobic but after living in the city for the last few years, I still see the same shit. it's just less covert in rural Iowa and in your face and I see leftists and liberals using their proximity to cities, and the problems in rural america as a Shield for their own bigoted and hateful behavior

I remember being on Tumblr, slowly inching into the queer community spaces, bec I wasn't used to online spaces, i was too poor at the time to have access to computers [2013+] and I came across the terms "trans man" and "trans woman" and I thought that meant a someone assigned male at birth who was trans and identified as a woman was called a 'trans man' bec I didn't know the terminology or how it was supposed to be used. I didn't know "transsexual" was considered a slur and I got attacked online for accidently using the wrong terminology because I couldn't remember the term transgender

I was from rural Iowa, a notoriously white, cis het area, fairly religious area, without a lot of access to the internet so I just. didn't know. and then i was afraid of ever saying anything again or asking questions. pls for the love of God use discernment and don't immediately vilify and attack well meaning people for not knowing what they don't know. that is EXACTLY how you can prevent people from ever being willing to grow and become educated

I remember watching the movie "Boys Don't Cry" with my mom about Brandon Teena, a trans man, and we both didn't know enough or understand enough about trans people we were unintentionally misgendering him when we talked about it but we both were so empathetic and heart broken for him

rural people I know are Prideful! they're constantly working to make ends meet and they have pride in themselves and their communities, often to the point it's at their own detriment and republican law makers KEEP it that way and rely on the classism and anger and diversion to keep it that way

a yt rural American in Appalachia is going to have more in common with a black American living in the city in the Projects more than we ever will with upper class yt folks. the wealthy yt #liberals will mock us and call us fucking stupid and ignorant and get in their own way of wanting any kind of progression. it! is never! black and white!!! PLEASE FOR THE LOVE OF GOD BE KIND

why do you think rural Republicans don't trust the government? couldn't possibly have anything to do with the government IGNORING us or preying on poor folks who live paycheck to paycheck. of COURSE it makes sense they'd be leery about government wide programs. the government DOESNT CARE ABOUT US. and most rural "Republicans" I know aren't even republican. they don't have the time to invest in politics when we have to Work and can't Miss Work to go vote or find ways around road blocks.

most people don't know enough and vote for people they know and most don't Know democrats or their policies or their progressive goals and you know WHY that often happens? BECAUSE DEMOCRATS IGNORE THEM IN FAVOR OF CITIESSSSS. they call them STUPID and IGNORANT and can you really blame people for "not voting in their best interest" when the people who "care about their best interest" are people calling them stupid and ignorant and HICKS

I've been around Republicans in the city and Republicans in rural Iowa and if you look and listen close enough the *reasoning* for their racism (especially) tends to differ. racism is a social construct (that does NOT mean it isn't real or not important) and it was used specifically as a tool to create tension and a divide between the poor yt folks and the poc *by* yt, wealthy capitalists. the Irish were finally allowed to be #white bec they were identifying with the struggles of the marginalized folks being targeted just like THEY were in Ireland by Europe

the cold hatred I have seen from rural Republicans vs city, wealthy Republicans has been vastly different. don't get me wrong there are plenty of rural Republicans that are just as disgusting (I'm related to some lmao). often a lot of racism i see from rural folks is tied to anger and desperation from the lack of jobs and its designed that way. a lot of the racism from yt wealthy folks is tied to greed and wealth and capitalism. Donald Trump is a blaring example of an unchecked, racist, vile, classist man

I'm sorry I've had a REALLY bad week and living in a city with people who are so self centered and selfish and refuse to help has only made me miss home and despite all of the raging issues of rural america, I know a lot of kind and well meaning people who are just doing their best and willing to help you because we fucking know the government doesn't care about us

just. be kind. you don't know what you don't know and I think a lot of well meaning people shouldn't be getting attacked for it. empathy and grace should be given (when able) and people should be allowed to grow from innocent ignorance and mistakes

intersectionality and empathy and grace are so important and honestly rural america can be really beautiful and it really sucks to see it given up on in such a cruel way

I follow a person on tiktok who really embraces the idea of radical love and I think more people should too

[xris05]

Wooo! Geography and sustainability and stuff and stuff

When, in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one student to take upon themselves the burden of writing a very long (not really all that) academic post on a website they barely know how to use because said website was recommended to them by their actual genuine university as a blog website for an assignment.

And then said student forgets to do the assignment, falls deliriously ill, and is now finally getting round to it hilariously late and because all of their other assignments seem so, so much more difficult and mentally strenuous to do on a day where they really do not want to have to deal with that.

So, here we are. A comically large wall of poorly grammatically structured text, talking about (drumroll please) geography! More specifically "Human" geography, or Urban Geography or whatever you want to call it. It's my chosen field of study (despite my best judgement) and I've been tasked by the powers that be, to create a blog to inform and educate the nebulously defined general public about ~exciting~ developments and "Gamechanging innovations" Now, to tell the truth, this was not a particularly easy thing for me to do, because quite frankly my chosen field of study isn't really one of those ones you'd associate with constant innovation and invention, at least in my mind, but thankfully the university provided a long list of various subjects we could look at and study and then report back unto you (the reader, stand in for the entire rest of the world) about.

Small issue there, was the vast vast majority of what we were offered as potential "Gamechanging innovations" either drove me to madness with boredom, or absolutely did not seem like they were exactly "Gamechanging" (could be worse, one of the ideas offered to another discipline was the hyperloop, which is quite frankly a stupid idea that is dead in the water and could have just been normal highspeed rail)

Take, for instance, "Autonomous vehicles". Yeah. Now, suffice to say there is issues with the concept of self driving vehicles, mostly about how the technology is not exactly safe right now, and well, that's just the start of the rabbit hole there. (and really, just build a train, tram or other preferred method of public transport)

There was another one, which look promising to my untrained eye, namely "The Internet of things" which I had no idea what it was, so doing what any self respecting academic in-training would do, I googled it. Apparently, the "Internet of Things" is the catch-all term for devices that exchange and communicate data over the internet.

I'm no expert, but at an initial reading, that did just seem to be most things these days, and was hardly groundbreaking or new, so I dug a bit deeper into the scholarly side of the ole internet for some answers. Thankfully, I found a very helpful little paper (linked here) which clarified, and I quote:

"The term Internet of Things generally refers to scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not normally considered computers, allowing these devices to generate, exchange and consume data with minimal human intervention. There is, however, no single, universal definition."

So it's the smart fridges, the fancy new cars and all of that lovely stuff, which buzz all of their data and such onto other devices on the internet. Now, of course my immediate thought was that it means my everything is now spying on me, but I was quickly relieved to remember that that changes effectively nothing as I do in fact own a phone which already does that.

The main benefit that seems to be proposed by this is the fact that all of this data allows rather effective monitoring of things like emissions and water quality and power usage and potentially good ole agriculture and so on and so forth, which, yeah, I can see the uses, maybe, but I can also see the glaring potential privacy, legal and potential tech issues.

A lot of people may not like their cars telling some company about where they've been all the time, and how much gas they've used. That's fair and understandable. Not to mention, the data gathered could be wrong, or otherwise rendered useless, effectively poisoning the data-well if enough things go wrong, or are just falsely reported to the public.

(It's at this point that I realise, I don't exactly know if this is quite what the uni wanted me to write, but hey, at least it's honest)

Anyway, I've overstayed my welcome in rambling about all of these things, and will be back (later) to complain/ do my assignment more, have a lovely day and remember that if you ever think about revolutionizing public transport, ask yourself if a bus or train would do the same thing, better.

[askagamedev]

Given the lost productivity of build times how are game dev companies trying to speed them up? Is it just a matter of shoving as much RAM and CPU cores into the workstations as possible or do things like cloud synching issues put a hard cap on how much throwing money at the problem helps?

The larger the team gets, the more effort and resources the studio spends on reducing build times. This is because it's a multiplicative effect - reducing build times can save many developers time on the daily. There are several different approaches I've seen studios take to optimize build time. Here are a few of them:

Modular Builds

Instead of having everybody build everything, we separate assets into buckets that don't always need to be built - common assets in one bucket, specific level assets in another, character assets in a third, weapons in a fourth, and so on. This way, a character artist might need to build the character bucket but is fine with slightly out-of-date level or audio assets. A level designer might be building their assigned level all the time, but doesn't need to build all of the other stuff. And so on. If the build is modular, I only have to build the assets I need to rather than all of them.

Automated Builds

Getting more computer hardware is relatively cheap, especially if there are a lot of people on the team. Build engineers set up and maintain workstations whose only job is to grab the latest data from the depot, build the assets, then serve the finished files to developers who ask for them over the network. Automated builds also run automated tests on those builds to ensure they work. If the build is broken for some reason, the build machines are set up to look at all of the checkins between the current (broken) build and the last good build so they can warn the team that the build is broken, and identify and notify the culprits responsible for checking in broken files. Automated builds typically run 24/7, meaning that freshly built files are often only minutes or hours old at most, and that broken builds get caught more quickly so fewer devs get stuck.

Distributed Builds

Our development workstations are not always running at 100% capacity at all times. While I'm thinking, reading code, writing documentation, or generally not putting my PC through the paces, its CPU is mostly just idling and maybe playing some music for me. There are software suites that will allow these idle workstations to help out during a teammate's build process by doing some of the processing concurrently. Available idle workstations can get pulled in to help speed up a teammate's build. This also often works with the automated build principle - hardware is fairly cheap relative to developer time, so it's worth spending a few thousand for build machines to save collective days, weeks, months of wasted developer time.

Full Time Build Engineers

In order to make these things work, we hire engineers who work full time on making builds go faster. It is their job to set up and automate the build process for the rest of us. They might not work on game code or assets directly, but their work is invaluable to keeping the entire team productive. They set up the automated build process, they maintain the build machines, they create the automated tests, they handle the integrations between depots, and they are the first line of defense against bad checkins.

These are the most common ways I've seen of speeding build times up and keeping us productive. Optimizing builds is a never-ending battle where the victories can save thousands of collective hours, and the defeats can cost thousands of collective hours. It's an enormous problem that grows multiplicatively with the size of the team, because every additional team member is more time lost to building.

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[chaotic-archaeologist]

What does a week in the life of a grad student look like?

So the answer to this will depend heavily on what stage of research you are in. I'll give my answer as someone who is currently in pursuit of a Master's degree, because this is currently my only firsthand experience.

As a Master's student, I am expected to take a certain number of courses, usually about three a semester. Often they meet just once a week, for 2+ hours at a time, and they are discussions/seminars rather than lectures.

On top of that, I have my teaching assistantship, which is contractually for 20 hours/week, but can go above or below that depending on when students turn in assignments.

With that being said, here's a week in my life:

Sunday: A heavy work day, during which I do most of my reading/work for Monday's class, catch up on emails, run errands that didn't get done on Friday. I do not go onto campus.

Monday: In the morning I finish up my reading for class in the afternoon. Depending on how much I have left to do, I will also do administrative tasks for my TAship, or work that needs to be done for my own research. Right now that means filling out internship and fellowship applications. Class from 2:30-5:15, after which I come home and eat dinner. From 6:15-7:30 I do reading for Wednesday's class.

Tuesday: No classes of my own today! If students for the class I TA have submitted assignments, I will spend an hour(ish) working on grading those. I am responsible for grading about 100 papers at a time. I try to spend no more than 2 minutes per paper/quiz. The class I TA meets from 2:30-3:45. The professor lectures while I do work on my computer. I get home and do more reading/work for Wednesday's class.

Wednesday: In the morning I finish any reading/work that needs to be done. If I have been productive in the front half of the week I use this time to run errands or do my own work. If I have not been productive I am cramming for class in the afternoon. Class goes from 2:30-5:15. I come home, eat dinner, and then do reading for Thursday's class until 7:30.

Thursday: In the morning I finish the reading for class in the afternoon. Class meets from 2:30-5pm. I come home and give myself permission to not do any work because my brain is fried and I do not have class tomorrow.

Friday: No class today! I start the morning with therapy, and then this is my day to attend to personal errands. This is mostly grocery shopping, laundry, and tidying. In the evening I often go out with friends to things like hockey games and bar trivia. Sometimes I go to Friday night Shabbat services.

Saturday: This is my day to decompress. I sleep in and then spend most of the early afternoon doing nothing. I paint my nails, read for fun, or take my dog for a long walk. In the afternoon I'll do something social—most weeks this is volunteering with Big Brothers Big Sisters.

Not pictured are daily activities that include, but are not limited to:

Checking email. Seriously, so many emails. I was not prepared for how many emails I would be getting in grad school

Classwork that I need to be turning in like paper abstracts, discussion posts, meeting with faculty

Doctors appointments

Cooking for myself. Trader Joe's frozen meals are a life saver

Attending talks/programs held on campus, usually in the evenings. These are prime time for networking

Hanging out with friends before class sometimes

Miscellaneous meetings

Walking my dog

Evening routines like Duolingo, journal entries, creative writing time, etc.

NAPS

Unexpected crises

Also, keep in mind that as someone living with a chronic illness/disability, I operate with less energy than some of my peers. But overall, my MA schedule is similar to my bachelor's one, but with fewer classes that each take up more time, and alongside working as a TA. My academic commitments with three grad classes are about the same as my undergrad semester when I took six classes.

As always, other people are free to chime in with their own experiences/observations.

-Reid

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Digital Essay on my Technology Literacy (Class Assignment)

Digital Essay on my Technology Literacy (Class Assignment)

In 1981 the IBM Personal Computer model 5150 was released. My parents bought one for my 11th birthday, thinking it would be a great asset for school. I used it as a glorified typewriter. You had to essentially add the programs yourself, and that was not easy to do. I was too young to understand what all the bells and whistles did, and there were not many. The World Wide Web, or WWW, was not introduced until 1989, my freshman year in college (the first go-round).

My first video gaming system was Atari. This came out in 1977. However, I didn’t get one until I was about 10 years old. To be perfectly honest, I wasn’t a big gamer. I skipped right over the Nintendo era. My cousins and friends had one, but other than Leapfrog and the first Mario Brothers game, it wasn’t my thing. I wasn’t good at Pac-Man either.

I bought my first cellphone in 1992. It was a Nokia. The first phone bill came in at $289. You got something for 1000 minutes free and were charged .30 cents a minute over that. I understand that in 2023, that may not sound like a lot of money, but in 1992, it took an entire paycheck to pay it. I made $7 an hour, and that was a decent salary working at Macy’s flagship store on 34th Street in New York.

My son was born in 1996, and the world of technology opened new doors for me. I bought him a LeapPad to be used as a learning tool for reading and math. He graduated to every gaming system created from an Xbox to Nintendo. I was introduced to the World Wide Web through social media when Facebook became a thing because I had to monitor his use of this platform. By 2008, my son was in the 7th grade, and I allowed him to interact with his friends on Facebook, but his time was limited, and it was conditional upon him accepting my friend request. My acquired sons (I dislike the word step) were older than him, and they kept me in the loop about how social media worked. Facebook was great for me because it was a link to communicating with my family in New York without having to call all the time. It was great for sharing pictures. Social media has taken a turn, and in some ways its great for activism, in other ways, people are very comfortable being contrary and saying things they would say publicly.

My concern with the development of AI is how easily things can be manipulated. AI’s voice generator can create words that do not come out of someone’s mouth. I see the dangers in that with a political leader’s voice. Manipulating photos can be fun. However, it can also be used to lie about where someone is, what they are doing, and who they are doing it with. Technology is changing rapidly. There isn’t much a robot can’t do. From driving a car without human intervention to soon enough, flying an airplane. My question would be, will there be a time when life imitates art, and we are faced with an iRobot catastrophe.

My technical literacy is almost nonexistent beyond the day-to-day life of social media and basic content creation. As a creative writer, storyteller, and activist, I took this class with the hopes that I will be able to better understand the basics of web design and create more enticing visual content when I use TikTok and other platforms to display my work. I am a Global student, so my entire degree has been online. I graduate in May of 2024!

Over the last year, I have learned to use social media sites like LinkedIn to further my writing presence and create an outlet to network with like-minded people. I am a self-published author on Amazon, and I had to learn how to utilize Canva when creating my book "Journal and Manifest with Your Ancestors." So I consider that to be an incredible success since I created this journal completely on my own. I followed someone on YouTube to learn the ins and outs of utilizing KDP Amazon and Canva.

[reasoningdaily]

Position Available: Associate Producer, Rickey Smiley Morning Show Overview:

Syndicated Network targeting the African-American community is seeking an Associate Producer for the Rickey Smiley Morning Show.

Candidate will assist the Executive Producer with managing day to day operations including technical and administrative responsibilities as well as creating informative and entertaining material for on-air broadcast.

Position is based in Dallas, TX.

Primary Responsibilities:

Assists with generating and researching ideas, topics and guest(s) for studio and on- location broadcasts. Assist with writing material for scripts, show rundowns, call list and/ or interview questions, including timely breaking news or topics. Contribute to and making use of archives and audio resources which can be used for “Best Of” and / or “Emergency” shows. Book and pre-interview on-air guests as needed, including appropriate and timely newsmakers. Maintain compliance with local, state and federal (FCC) rules and regulations. Ensure all technical connections are secured and functional prior to broadcast. Maintain online guest booking calendar as needed. Produce content for various outside correspondents, talent/programming segments, rejoins, demos, etc. Coordinate and brainstorms creative ideas with Executive Producer, show host, staff and programming management as directed. Coordinate talent studio/broadcast needs when broadcasting from offsite location. Produce and script daily promo. Refresh/Create new imaging and drops on a consistent basis. Verify and sign studio traffic logs per REACH Media Policy, as needed. Post program content to Program’s various Social Media platforms as directed. Co-ordinate with Executive Producer/Program Director on a weekly planning calendar for show to include, but not limited to, booking guests, promotions, campaigns, interactive, programming content, and other characteristics of Talent’s Show. Provide back-up services including board operations, phone screener and/or production responsibilities for Reach Media syndicated programming as directed. Step in as backup when the Executive Producer is not available. Perform various other tasks as assigned by management. Requirements: Extremely organized and able to effectively prioritize tasks while being attentive to details. Excellent communication & interpersonal skills to work in a diverse environment. Creative problem solving to make spontaneous decisions under time constraints. High level of creativity and ability to develop show concepts. Strong knowledge of current FCC rules & regulations. Strong computer skills including Internet website navigation, competency in Microsoft Office Suite and broadcast related programs. Proficient with the use and operation of on-air broadcasting equipment and various digital editing software including Pro-Tools and Adobe audition. Flexibility to adjust work schedule as needed in order to support Reach Media syndicated show(s) demands. Flexibility to travel as requested. Experience/Education:

BA/BS college level degree in related field preferred and/or minimum five plus years relevant experience in broadcast radio or related industry experience. Professional Producer experience required. Compensation: Competitive hourly rate based on qualifications/experience.

Location: Dallas, TX. No relocation will be provided.

Reports To: Executive Producer, Rickey Smiley Morning Show

Position Availability: As soon as possible Candidates possessing the required professional experience, who display high energy and want to work in a dynamic and vibrant work environment should submit their resume along with salary requirements and references via email:

jobs@reachmediainc.com

[addierose444]

My College Courses

In this post, I’ve typed up my full list of college courses organized by Smith’s seven major fields of knowledge (used for Latin Honors). You can also check out my courses page to see them organized by semester. 

As an engineering and computer science double major, it was unsurprising that my top categories were Mathematics and Analytical Philosophy {M} and Natual Science {N}. In fact, two-thirds of my credits (120/179) carried either the {M} or the {N} designation. Note that my three UMass computer science courses (marked with asterixis) weren’t technically assigned Latin Honors designations, but I’ve categorized them with an {M} as nearly all Smith computer science majors hold that designation. 

While the vast majority of my courses were for one of both of my majors, I am proud to say that I took a total of 50 credits that were completely outside of both majors. Over the course of my time at Smith, I took courses from 13-16 different departments. The exact number depends on if you count psychology or not as I took a course cross-listed between both philosophy and psychology. Furthermore, FYS (first-year seminars) and IDP (inter/extradepartmental) courses fall outside of the set departments so are tricky to count. 

Next to each category, I’ve included a percentage that measures the percentage of my credits earned for the given category. Note that the percentages don’t actually sum to 100% as six of my courses held two distinct designations. I’ve marked these courses using the caret and inverted caret symbols.

Arts - 3.35%

First Year of Study (MUS 914Y)

Chinese Music Ensemble (MUS 960)

Foreign Language - 6.70%

Intermediate French (FRN 120)

High Intermediate French (FRN 220)

Colloquium in French Studies French Calligraphies: Contemporary Chinese Women's Writing (FRN 230)⌄

Literature - 3.35%

Korean Cinema: Cinema and the Masses (EAL 253)⌄

Colloquium in French Studies French Calligraphies: Contemporary Chinese Women's Writing (FRN 230)^

Savoring Italy: Recipes and Thoughts on Italian Cuisine and Culture (ILT 205)

Historical Studies - 4.47%

Korean Cinema: Cinema and the Masses (EAL 253)^

Red Devil and Pink Ribbons: Representations and Refutations of Cancer (FYS 193)⌄

Mathematics and Analytic Philosophy - 45.2%

How the Internet Works (CSC 102)

How Computers Work (CSC 103)

Practicum - Introduction to the C Programming Language (COMPSCI 198C)*

Programming With Data Structures (CSC 212)

Advanced Programming Techniques (CSC 220)

Introduction to Software Engineering (CSC 223)

Computer Systems Principles (CSC 230)*

Computer Networks (CSC 249)

Theory of Computation (CSC 250)

Algorithms (CSC 252)

Operating Systems (CSC 262)

Computational Machine Learning (CSC 294)

Theory and Practice of Software Engineering (COMPSCI 520)*

Signals and Systems (EGR 320)

Calculus I (MTH 111)

Calculus II (MTH 112)

Introduction to Discrete Mathematics (MTH 153)

Calculus III (MTH 212)

Intro to Cognitive Science (PHI 120)⌄

Incompleteness and Inconsistency: Topics in the Philosophy of Logic (PHI 220)

Mathematical Methods of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PHY 210)⌄

Multiple Regression (SDS 291)⌄

Natural Science - 28.49%

Engineering for Everyone Bits, Bots and Thoughts (EGR 100)

Fundamental Engineering Principles (EGR 110)

Engineering Circuit Theory (EGR 220)

Engineering Mechanics (EGR 270)

Engineering Mechanics (EGR 290)

Fluid Mechanics (EGR 374)

Seminar: Techniques for Modeling Engineering Processes (EGR 389)

Seminar: Advanced Topics in Engineering-Digital Circuits (EGR 390dc)

Seminar: Advanced Topics in Engineering-Remote Sensing (EGR 390rs)

Intro to Cognitive Science (PHI 120)^

Introductory Physics II (PHY 118)

Mathematical Methods of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PHY 210)^

Multiple Regression (SDS 291)^

Social Science - 2.23%

Game Theory (ECO 125)

Red Devil and Pink Ribbons: Representations and Refutations of Cancer (FYS 193)^

Other - 12.29%

Network Security (CSC 251)

Engineering Design and Professional Practice (EGR 410D)

Design Clinic (EGR 422D)

Environment and Sustainability: Notes from the Field (ENX 100)

Emergency Care (ESS 107)

Topics in Outdoor Skills-Rock Climbing I (ESS 940ra)

Topics in Physical Conditioning-Self-Paced Fitness (ESS 945sp)

Introduction to Design Thinking (IDP 116)

Introduction to AutoCAD (IDP 150)

Introduction to 3D CAD Software (IDP 151)

Entrepreneurship I: Introduction to Innovation (IDP 155)

Entrepreneurship II: Entrepreneurship in Practice (IDP 156)

[rankedtutors]

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