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Henry VI of England
Henry VI of England ruled as king from 1422 to 1461 CE and again from 1470 to 1471 CE. Succeeding his father Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422 CE), Henry VI was crowned the king of France in 1431 CE but he could not prevent a French revival led by Charles VII of France (r. 1422-1461 CE) and such figures as Joan of Arc (c. 1412-1431 CE). The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) was ultimately lost and with it all England's territory in France except Calais. Back in England, the king's weakness of character and mind, and the intense rivalry between his barons led to the conflict known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE) between the rival houses of Lancaster and York. After an episode of insanity, Henry VI had, in effect, a regent, Richard, the Duke of York in 1454 CE. Despite military victories by Henry's wife, Queen Margaret, the king was ultimately deposed by Richard's son Edward in 1461 CE. Henry would make a brief return to the throne in 1470 CE before Edward, now Edward IV of England (1461-1470 & 1471-1483 CE), was once more victorious on the battlefield and able to declare himself king for a second time. Henry was then murdered in the Tower of London in May 1471 CE.
Succession
Henry was born on 6 December 1421 CE in Windsor Castle, the son of Henry V of England and Catherine of Valois (l. 1401 - c. 1437 CE), the daughter of Charles VI of France. The reign of Henry's father was short but brilliant. Pressing his claim to the French throne, which had started with Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE), Henry V had won a famous victory against a French army at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415 CE and then conquered Normandy between 1417 and 1419 CE. This was to be the peak of English fortunes during the on-off conflict between the two countries known to history as the Hundred Years' War. The victories allowed Henry V to sign the 1420 CE treaty of Troyes with Charles VI of France (r. 1380-1422 CE) which made Henry the French king's heir while the blood heir, the Dauphin Charles, was disinherited. All this happened while France was split between two rival factions: the Burgundians and the Armagnacs.
The English barons would entangle themselves in a spiral of competition to see who could hold most power while Henry remained a minor.
Henry V died, probably of dysentery on 31 August 1422 CE at Bois de Vincennes in France. The English king had missed the chance to become the king of France by less than two months as Charles VI died on 21 October 1422 CE. Prince Henry, not even one year old, became the new king of England and the youngest to hold such a title before or since. He would not receive his coronation until 6 November 1429 CE in Westminster Abbey, officially becoming Henry VI of England. In the meantime, the infant had two regents, appointed by Henry V before his death: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (l. 1390-1447 CE) for England and John, Duke of Bedford (l. 1389-1435 CE) for the territories in France, where, at least according to the Treaty of Troyes, he was also now the king. Another important figure was the king's great-uncle, Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester. These three men and others would entangle themselves in a spiral of competition to see who could hold most power while Henry remained a minor.
The Wars of the Roses were not over yet, though. Edward, the Duke of York's son, backed by the Earl of Warwick, was promoted as a replacement to his father and to King Henry. When Edward won the bloody Battle of Towton in March 1461 CE, the largest and longest battle in English history, this is indeed what transpired. Henry VI was deposed, and he, Queen Margaret, and their son Edward (b. 13 October 1453 CE) all fled to Scotland. Edward of York, just 19 years of age, was crowned Edward IV of England at Westminster Abbey on 28 June 1461 CE. Even this was still not the end of the civil war, merely a pause.
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12 novembre 1437 : entrĂ©e du roi Charles VII Ă Paris Les Anglais Ă©taient maĂźtres de Paris depuis quâen 1420 Henri V, roi dâAngleterre, y avait fait son entrĂ©e, et sâĂ©tait fait livrer la Bastille et le chĂąteau de Vincennes, mais en avril 1436, l'armĂ©e royale avait reconquis la ville, les Anglais tentant peu aprĂšs d'enlever la princesse Marguerite d'Ăcosse promise en mariage au fils du roi de France Charles VII ✠https://bit.ly/Entree-CharlesVII-Paris
#CeJourLà #12Novembre#guerre#CentAns#Anglais#roi#CharlesVII#Paris#entrée#histoire#france#history#passé#past#français#french#news#événement#newsfromthepast
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âI'm crucified, crucified like my saviour. Saintlike behavior, a lifetime I prayed. I'm crucified for the holy dimension. Godlike ascension, heavens away.â
#joan of arc#crucifiction#patron#catholic#catholocism#catholiscism#jesus#history#women#women of history#france#french#jeanne d'arc#joan d'arc#king#royalty#war#charlesvii#charles vii#battle#christianity#religion#spirituality#medieval#hundred years war
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"L'Affaire Jeanne d'Arc" documentaire-fiction en 3D d'Antoine de Meaux et et Sarry Long - retraçant son procÚs en réhabilitation par l'inquisiteur Jean Bréhal au nom de l'Eglise de France (1456), décembre 2023.
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Joan of Arc statue in Paris, France, photo 2015 by Amy Cools. This stylized depiction of her, in that Art Deco style I so love, makes me think of a green flame: green for the fields in which she roamed as a child shepherd, flame for her passionate intensity. Her attempt to liberate Paris by force from English rule was put to a stop by Charles VIIâs diplomatic maneuverings, as well as by a wound she suffered in the failed assault. Paris was recovered by the French only a few years later by a means this inveterate warrior dismissed as a sign of weakness: by treaty. I believe, by the way, the fire she was wont to ignite in the hearts of soldiers also flamed in the breasts of the liberators of Paris five hundred years later in WWII. https://ordinaryphilosophy.com/2017/05/30/__trashed-2/ #joanofarc #paris #france #artdeco #liberationofparis #charlesvii (at Paris, France)
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GROS HORLORGE, ROUEN...
The fourteenth century astronomical clock that looms above the centre of old, storied Rouen dates back to the days when Charles VII was crowned as Dauphin of France. At the time, the entire Normandy region was an English possession, and Rouen was it's administrative and regional capital.
This is a sight that Joan of Arc, the so-called 'Maid of Orleans' would have been very familiar with...
#groshorlorge #bassenormandie #Rouen #joanofarc #jeannedarc #maidoforleans #CharlesVII #Burgundy #astronomy #astrologicalclock #travelphotography #travelhistory #artoftravel #TWA #travelswithanthony #timetravel #hundredyearswar #medievalhistory
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17 juillet 1429 : Charles VII est sacrĂ© Ă Reims ✠http://bit.ly/Sacre-Charles-VII On sait que les deux points de la mission de Jeanne dâArc Ă©taient de faire lever le siĂšge dâOrlĂ©ans aux Anglais, et ensuite de mener sacrer le roi Ă Reims
#CeJourLà #17Juillet#sacre#roi#CharlesVII#histoire#france#history#passé#past#français#french#news#événement#newsfromthepast
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Le Parchemin Maudit : 5 questions Ă Sonia Pelletier-Gautier
Lâauteur :Â
Sonia Pelletier-Gautier est une romanciĂšre et historienne française. Professeur dâhistoire et de gĂ©ographie, elle est lâauteur de plusieurs romans historiques dont Rome 1215 et Le Parchemin Maudit, premier volume dâune sĂ©rie dâenquĂȘtes menĂ©es par GĂ©rard Machet, conseiller du roi Charles VII.
Plus dâinformations :Â http://goo.gl/Y7JyMd
1) Le Parchemin Maudit plonge le lecteur dans les annĂ©es 1440. Pourquoi avoir choisi dâancrer votre intrigue dans cette Ă©poque ? Avez-vous une affection particuliĂšre pour cette pĂ©riode de lâHistoire ?Â
Dâabord, il me tenait Ă cĆur de dĂ©velopper les relations du binĂŽme Machet-Charles VII, dĂ©jĂ en place dans ma seconde trilogie (âPierre ou le souffle dâune vieâ, 2010).
Ensuite, mes travaux de recherches Ă lâUniversitĂ© de Strasbourg sous la fĂ©rule du professeur Francis Rapp portaient principalement sur cette pĂ©riode, dont jâapprĂ©cie la richesse et la diversitĂ© ; en outre, elle offre lâintĂ©rĂȘt de se situer Ă la charniĂšre de deux Ă©poques, au lieu dâĂ©mergence de lâHumanisme.
2) Quelles sont vos sources dâinspiration ? Sâagit-il dâune pure fiction ou vous ĂȘtes-vous inspirĂ©e de certaines recherches ou de certains faits historiques, pour construire votre intrigue et vos personnages ?
Quand jâĂ©cris un roman, je mâimpose deux exigences : dâune part, la rigueur historique, câest-Ă -dire le respect strict du corpus de connaissance disponible ; dâautre part, la cohĂ©rence de la fiction, câest Ă dire la vraisemblance entre donnĂ©es historiques et situations imaginĂ©es. Longtemps, lâhistorienne a voulu imposer son Ă©thique de spĂ©cialiste Ă la romanciĂšre, quitte Ă brider son imagination, mais ce conflit s'apaise. Je cherche Ă proposer une narration Ă la fois fluide et bien documentĂ©e, pour permettre au lecteur de plonger dans un monde passĂ© dont il ignore souvent les subtilitĂ©s : redonner vie Ă GĂ©rard Machet, Charles VII et Jean Fouquet, pour ne citer qu'eux, donne une Ăąme Ă une Ă©poque rĂ©volue qu'on a trop tendance Ă juger trop lointaine, inabordable, voire dĂ©finitivement morte. L'histoire est ellipse : les complots d'hier ressemblent Ă ceux d'aujourd'hui ; les dĂ©sirs, les prĂ©occupations, les plaisirs, les peurs et les souffrances des victimes, des bourreaux, des politiques du XVĂšme siĂšcle ressemblent terriblement aux nĂŽtres par leurs causes et leurs consĂ©quences ! Le cadre et les mĂ©thodes changent, les mentalitĂ©s diffĂšrent, mais le fond reste semblable. Mon inspiration trouve sa source tant dans les prĂ©occupations contemporaines que dans les faits du passĂ©. Retracer l'ambiance d'une cour royale ou les disputes doctrinales des professeurs d'universitĂ© trouve nĂ©cessairement Ă©cho dans la vie d'aujourd'hui. Dans Le parchemin maudit, le fond historique est avĂ©rĂ© : l'enquĂȘte se dĂ©roule en 1441 et dĂ©bute avec l'entrĂ©e triomphale du roi Ă Paris, accompagnĂ© notamment de son confesseur Machet. Celui-ci est Ă©galement Ă©vĂȘque de Castres et professeur de thĂ©ologie Ă l'universitĂ© de Paris, bien que son activitĂ© pĂ©dagogique souffre de ses fonctions prenantes auprĂšs de Charles VII. Le contexte politique est dĂ©crit dans sa rĂ©alitĂ©, de mĂȘme que la dispute des enseignants Ă propos de pĂ©dagogie. Mes personnages peuvent alors trouver leur place sur cet Ă©chiquier et la fiction peut commencer. Comme dans tout roman, c'est elle qui mĂšne le jeu, tout en respectant les contraintes historiques.
3) Des figures historiques comme GĂ©rard Machet et Charles VII semblent prendre sous votre plume des traits de caractĂšre propre Ă des personnages de fiction : quelles libertĂ©s avez-vous pris dans la description et la caractĂ©risation de ceux-ci ? Quelle est la part de vĂ©racitĂ© historique, en ce qui les concerne ?Â
Le chartiste Pierre Santoni est le grand spĂ©cialiste de Machet et il lui a consacrĂ© une thĂšse en 1969. Ses travaux mĂ©ticuleux (comme le sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement les productions de l'Ă©cole des Chartes) rĂ©vĂšlent aux curieux la vĂ©ritĂ© historique de ce personnage trop peu connu. Mon roman s'inspire de ces recherches mais, s'adressant Ă un public non forcĂ©ment averti, se veut plus ludique. J'ai procĂ©dĂ© en deux Ă©tapes. En premier lieu, c'est l'historienne qui dresse le portrait  du personnage en se rĂ©fĂ©rant aux archives disponibles et c'est ainsi que Machet apparaĂźt consciencieux, plutĂŽt exigeant moralement (mĂȘme s'il pratique le nĂ©potisme, rĂ©pandu et admis Ă son Ă©poque) et soucieux de bien vivre ; parallĂšlement, il faut dresser consciencieusement la toile de fond, le contexte, la description des lieux, la façon de penser des acteurs et il faut, pour ce faire, une longue expĂ©rience et des mĂ©thodes de travail rigoureuses. En second lieu, c'est la romanciĂšre qui prend le relais : Ă partir de ces donnĂ©es objectives, elle approfondit les caractĂšres Ă peine esquissĂ©s jusqu'alors, puis elle leur donne chair en lui confĂ©rant des traits physiques, des affinitĂ©s et des rĂ©flexions que l'histoire ne peut donner. C'est dans cet espace que la fiction sâenrichit.
4) Il sâagit lĂ de la premiĂšre investigation de GĂ©rard Machet. Pour vous, est-il comme le Hercule Poirot dâAgatha Christie ou le Jean-Baptiste Adamsberg de Fred Vargas, un personnage appelĂ© Ă Â mener lâenquĂȘte de façon rĂ©currente ?Â
DĂšs le dĂ©part, lâidĂ©e dâune sĂ©rie sâest imposĂ©e. Le personnage de Machet sây prĂȘte remarquablement bien. Sa triple fonction de confesseur du roi, dâĂ©vĂȘque de Castres et de docteur en thĂ©ologie lui ouvre toutes les portes de la capitale : celle de la cour, celle de lâĂ©vĂȘchĂ© et de son collĂšge revĂȘche, celle de lâuniversitĂ© et de ses Ă©tudiants sur la rive gauche.
5) Si oui, avez-vous dĂ©jĂ en tĂȘte des idĂ©es de nouvelles enquĂȘtes quâil pourrait mener de front ?Â
Jâai dĂ©jĂ en tĂȘte la trame de cinq ou six romans potentiels. Je ne puis bien sĂ»r en dire plus, mains certains personnages comme le peintre Fouquet et les Ă©tudiants Chap et Hugues devraient voir leur rĂŽle se dĂ©velopper. Je pense aussi rĂ©server une position plus Ă©toffĂ©e aux conseillers de Charles VII tels que Pierre de Vaudetar, Ătienne Chevalier et le cĂ©lĂšbre Jacques CĆur...Â
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â[King] Charles VII [of France] has had a generally bad press from historians. Always frail, he was a poor specimen of humanity with short legs, knobbly knees and an ungainly walk. He had a big head, a long nose, thick, sensual lips, a strong jaw and small furtive eyes. According to Chastellain, he was a âloner,â ever prone to worry, distrust, and envy. Paranoid about assassination, he became distrustful of floors and bridges. Towards the end of his life he was plagued by ulcers, yet we was not devoid of qualities. Chastellain tells us that âwhat he lacked in courage...he gained in judgment.â He had charm, was well-read and a good latinist. Above all, he was devout. He heard two or three masses each day and state business was never allowed to interrupt his devotions. He trusted God, but also astrologers.â
-Robert J. Knecht, The Valois: Kings of France 1328-1589Â (2004)
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Azay-le-Rideau by WVJazzman on Flickr.
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JOAN OF ARC EXECUTION SITE...
On May 30th, 1431, a nineteen year old girl known as Jeanne d'Arc- Joan of Arc- was burned at the stake at the old market place in medieval Rouen.
The theoretical charge against Joan was one of heresy but, truth be told, it was by this time as expedient for the French King, Charles VII, to be rid of her as much as it was for his English enemies, and their Burgundian satraps.
Joan had outlived her usefulness to Charles, and embarrassed the opposing English far too much. Captured by Burgundian forces in the spring of 1430 at the siege of Compiegene, she was sold to the English for 10,000 livres by Phillip III, Duke of Burgundy.
That same December, she was transferred to a prison in Rouen. The medieval city on the Seine was at that time the administrative capital and military headquarters on French soil of the English King, Henry VI.
Henry turned Joan over for trial to Bishop Cauchon, a true snake with a sceptre. The result was a foregone conclusion.
The cross in the first photograph marks the exact spot where this feared, obviously frightened nineteen year old girl ended her time on this earth. Looked at in any context, it was a sad, shabby, shameful and ghastly state of affairs...
#jeannedarc #joanofarc #charlesvii #Burgundy #henryvi #cauchon #phiÄșlipofburgunday #Rouen #burntatthestake #medievalhistory #bassenormandie #hundredyearswar #artoftravel #TWA #travelswithanthony #timetravel #dauphin #riverseine #peasantry
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12 novembre 1437 : entrĂ©e du roi Charles VII Ă Paris ✠https://cutt.ly/Entree-CharlesVII-Paris Les Anglais Ă©taient maĂźtres de Paris depuis quâen 1420 Henri V, roi dâAngleterre, y avait fait son entrĂ©e, et sâĂ©tait fait livrer la Bastille et le chĂąteau de Vincennes, mais en avril 1436, l'armĂ©e royale avait reconquis la ville, les Anglais tentant peu aprĂšs d'enlever la princesse Marguerite d'Ăcosse promise en mariage au fils du roi de France Charles VII
#CeJourLà #12Novembre#guerre#CentAns#Anglais#roi#CharlesVII#Paris#entrée#histoire#france#history#passé#past#français#french#news#événement#newsfromthepast
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EXPOSITION | Les arts en France sous Charles VII (1422-1461) ✠https://bit.ly/Exposition-Arts-CharlesVII Sous le rĂšgne de Charles VII, lâart connaĂźt un extraordinaire renouveau artistique. Lâexposition prĂ©sentĂ©e au musĂ©e de Cluny met en lumiĂšre ce moment charniĂšre de lâhistoire de lâart
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17 juillet 1429 : Charles VII est sacrĂ© Ă Reims ✠http://bit.ly/Sacre-Charles-VII On sait que les deux points de la mission de Jeanne dâArc Ă©taient de faire lever le siĂšge dâOrlĂ©ans aux Anglais, et ensuite de mener sacrer le roi Ă Reims
#CeJourLà #17Juillet#sacre#roi#CharlesVII#histoire#france#history#passé#past#français#french#news#événement#newsfromthepast
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