#Captain Cudjo

[reasoningdaily]

Artist rendition of Cudjoe left, sketch of Cudjoe on right.

Articles of Pacification with the Maroons of Trelawney Town, Concluded March the first, 1738

In the name of God, Amen, Whereas Captain Cudjoe, Captain, Acompong, Captain Johnny, Captain Cuffee, Captain Quaco, and several other Negroes, their dependents and adherents, have been in a state of ware and hostility, for several years past, against our sovereign lord the King, and the inhabitants of this island; and whereas peace and friendship among mankind, and the preventing of effusion of blood, is agreeable to God, consonant to reason, and desired by every good man; and whereas his Majesty George the Second, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, and of Jamaica Lord, Defender of the Faith, &c. has by his letters patent, dated February the twenty-fourth, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight, in the twelfth year of his reign, granted full power and authority to John Guthrie and Francis Sadler, Esquires, to negotiate and finally conclude a treaty of peace and friendship with the aforesaid Captain Cudjoe, and the rest of his captains, adherents, and others his men; they mutually, sincerely, and amicably, have agreed to the following articles:

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Articles of Pacification with the Maroons of Trelawney Town, Concluded March the first, 1738

In the name of God, Amen, Whereas Captain Cudjoe, Captain, Acompong, Captain Johnny, Captain Cuffee, Captain Quaco, and several other Negroes, their dependents and adherents, have been in a state of ware and hostility, for several years past, against our sovereign lord the King, and the inhabitants of this island; and whereas peace and friendship among mankind, and the preventing of effusion of blood, is agreeable to God, consonant to reason, and desired by every good man; and whereas his Majesty George the Second, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, and of Jamaica Lord, Defender of the Faith,. has by his letters patent, dated February the twenty-fourth, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight, in the twelfth year of his reign, granted full power and authority to John Guthrie and Francis Sadler, Esquires, to negotiate and finally conclude a treaty of peace and friendship with the aforesaid Captain Cudjoe, and the rest of his captains, adherents, and others his men; they mutually, sincerely, and amicably, have agreed to the following articles:

First, That all hostilities shall cease on both sides for ever.

Secondly, That the said Captain Cudjoe, the rest of his captains, adherents, and men shall for ever hereafter in a perfect state of freedom and liberty, excepting those who have been taken by them, or fled to them, within two years last past, if such are willing to return to their said masters and owners, with full pardon and indemnity from their said masters or owners for what is past; provided always that, if they are not willing to return, they shall remain in subjection to Captain Cudjoe and in friendship with us, according to the form an tenor of this treaty.

Thirdly, That they shall enjoy and posses, for themselves and posterity for ever, all the lands situate and lying between Trelawney Town and the Cockpits, to the amount of fifteen hundred acres, bearing northwest from the said Trelawney Town.

Fourthly, That they shall have liberty to plant the said lands with coffee, cocoa, ginger, tobacco, and cotton, and to breed cattle, hogs, goats, or any other flock, and dispose of the produce or increase of the said commodities to the inhabitants of this island; provided always, that when they bring the said commodities to market, they shall apply fist to the customs, or any other magistrate of the respective parishes where they expose their goods to sale, for a license to vend the same.

Fifthly, That Captain Cudjoe, and all the Captain’s adherents, and people now in subjection to him, shall all live together within the bounds of Trelawney Town, and that they have liberty to hunt where they shall think fit, except within three miles of any settlement, crawl, or pen; provided always, that in case the hunters of Captain Cudjoe and those of other settlements meet, then the hogs to be equally divided between both parties.

Sixthly, That the said Captain Cudjoe, and his successors, do use their best endeavors to take, kill, suppress, or destroy, either by themselves, or jointly with any other number of men, commanded on that service by his excellency the Governor, or Commander in Chief for the time being, all rebels wheresoever they be, throughout this island, unless they submit to the same terms of accommodation granted to Captain Cudjoe, and his successors.

Seventhly, That in case this island be invaded by any foreign enemy, the said Captain Cudjoe, and his successors hereinafter named or to be appointed, shall then, upon notice given, immediately repair to any place the Governor for the time being shall appoint, in order to repel the said invaders with his or their utmost force, and to submit to the orders of the Commander in Chief on that occasion.

Eighthly, That if any white man shall do any manner of injury to Captain Cudjoe, his successor, or any of his or their people, they shall apply to any commanding officer or magistrate in the neighbourhood for justice; and in case Captain Cudjoe, or any of his people, shall do any injury to any whiter person, he shall submit himself, or deliver up such offenders to justice.

Ninthly, That if any negroes shall hereafter run away from their masters or owners, and shall fall into Captain Cudjoe’s hands, they shall immediately be sent back to the chief magistrate of the next parish where they are taken; and these that bring them are to be satisfied for their trouble, as the legislature shall appoint. [The assembly granted a premium of thirty shillings for each fugitive slave returned to his owner by the Maroons, besides expenses.]

Tenthly, That all negroes taken, since the raising of this party by Captain Cudjoe’s people, shall immediately be returned.

Eleventhly, That Captain Cudjoe, and his successors, shall wait on his Excellency, or the Commander in Chief for the time being, every year, if thereunto required.

Twelfth, That Captain Cudjoe, during his life, and the captains succeeding him, shall have full power to inflict any punishment they think proper for crimes committed by their men among themselves, death only excepted; in which case, if the Captain thinks they deserve death, he shall be obliged to bring them before any justice of the peace, who shall order proceedings on their trial equal to those of other free negroes.

Thirteenth, That Captain Cudjoe with his people, (Repeat: subjects, peoples.) shall cut, clear, and keep open, large and convenient roads from Trelawney Town to Westmorland and St. James’s, and if possible to St. Elizabeth’s.

Fourteenth, That two white men, to be nominated by his Excellency, or the Commander and Chief for the time being, shall constantly live and reside with Captain Cudjoe and his successors, in order to maintain a friendly correspondence (Not dominance, correspondence — see “waiting”. These are ambassadors, not governors) with the inhabitants of this island.

Fifteenth, That Captain Cudjoe shall, during his life, be Chief Commander in Trelawney Town; after his decease the command to devolve on his brother, Captain Accompong; and in case of his decease, on his next brother Captain Johnny; and, failing him, Captain Cuffee shall succeed; who is to be succeeded by Captain Quaco; and after all their demises, the Governor, or Commander in Chief for the time being, shall appoint, from time to time, whom he thinks fit for that command.

[beardedmrbean]

Hey you can answer this tomorrow, but why women king was made…remember roots? I heard the og mc kunta kenta (Is that a real fucking African name?) didn’t understand what the Europeans was doing on the ports with slaves…even though he would have actually known-ooooh

But as you know that left a (bad) impact onto my community….but I keep realize one huge issue Africans have with my community is we try to keep the sanitize version of the slave trade we were taught even as middle age adults

Expect meee, god this pan Africa hurt us

Also people tried to compare women king to 300 and braveheart…haven’t seen braveheartt…but 300 was meant to be a glorified retelling of the battle of themployae

Women king have to twisted the entire course of history to write it

Roots managed to serve its purpose, at least the original one, suffered from extreme historical inaccuracies in places never saw the remake.

But as you know that left a (bad) impact onto my community….but I keep realize one huge issue Africans have with my community is we try to keep the sanitize version of the slave trade we were taught even as middle age adults

This is Oluale Kossola, his American name is Cudjoe Kazoola Lewis (he chose all but Lewis himself), he's the last known slave with distinct memories of life in Africa before being sold by the dahomey and put on a ship and smuggled into the US, human cargo was illegal by then but greedy and evil people on both sides of the Atlantic kept on doing it anyhow.

You can do some of your own reading if you like, but some highlights from his wiki page are.

In April or May 1860, his village was attacked and Lewis was taken prisoner by female warriors led by King Glele of Dahomey, during an annual dry-season raid for slaves. Along with other captives, he was taken to the slaving port of Ouidah and sold to Captain William Foster of the Clotilda, an American ship recently built in Mobile, Alabama, and owned by businessman Timothy Meaher. The importation of slaves into the United States had been illegal since 1808, but slaves were still routinely smuggled in from Spanish Cuba.

And this is from a article about a book about him

The pathos of the African American experience, told with such tenderness in Barracoon, is matched by its complexity. Hurston herself remarked that in writing Kossola’s harrowing account of how the king of Dahomey profited from raiding and selling members of neighbouring kingdoms, she was deeply affected by the question of African complicity in the slave trade. “The inescapable fact that stuck in my craw,” Hurston wrote, “was my people had sold me and the white people had bought me. That did away with the folklore I had been brought up on – that white people had gone to Africa, waved a red handkerchief at the Africans and lured them aboard ship and sailed away.”

One hell of a reality check right there

Also people tried to compare women king to 300 and braveheart…haven’t seen braveheartt…but 300 was meant to be a glorified retelling of the battle of themployae

ya if they wanted to do a Braveheart comparison they'd need to set it up so that the areas that the dahomey raided set up to fight againt the dahomey

Women king have to twisted the entire course of history to write it

Based on historical events, but we're not going to tell you that we did a 180 on who was doing what.

Could you imagine the fallout if someone made a accurate movie about that, painting all the perpetrators as what they were.

Wonder if finding out that if their ancestors hadn't been forced onto a boat there's a good chance they would have either been worked until they died or used as a human sacrifice might shift some viewpoints a little.

None of that is me expressing anything other than just curiosity, since this is tumblr and we piss on the poor who just want to read here I figure disclaimer is needed.

[whitesinhistory]

On July 8, 1860, more than 50 years after Congress banned the trafficking of enslaved Africans into the U.S., the ship Clotilda arrived in Mobile, Alabama, carrying more than 100 enslaved people from West Africa. Captain William Foster commanded the boat and was later said to be working for Timothy Meaher, a white Mobile shipyard owner who built the Clotilda.

Captain Foster evaded capture by federal authorities by transferring the enslaved Africans to a riverboat and burning and then sinking the Clotilda. The smuggled Africans were subsequently distributed as enslaved property amongst the group of white men who had financed the voyage. Mr. Meaher kept more than 30 of the Africans on Magazine Point, his property north of Mobile. One of those Africans was a man who came to be known as Cudjo Lewis.

In 1861, Mr. Meaher and his partners were prosecuted for illegally trafficking the Africans into the country, but a federal court dismissed the case as the Civil War began. No investigation or remedy ever involved the actual African men and women central to the case; while the federal case was pending, the Africans Mr. Meaher had claimed remained on his property left to fend for themselves and were offered no means of returning to Ghana.

In 1865, after the Civil War ended and slavery was widely abolished, the Clotilda survivors once held by Mr. Meaher were free—but still trapped in a foreign land far from their home. They settled along the outskirts of Mr. Meaher’s property, at a site that came to be known as “Africatown,” and developed a community modeled after the traditions and government they had been forced to leave behind. Unlike the vast majority of newly freed Black people in the country, who had either been born in the U.S. or seized from Africa many decades before, the people of Africatown had a direct, recent connection to their African roots and vivid memories of their culture, language, and customs. Well into the 1950s, descendants of the Clotilda passengers living in Africatown maintained a distinct language and unique community of survival.

Cudjo Lewis lived to be the last surviving Clotilda passenger in Africatown. In 1927, Black anthropologist and writer Zora Neale Hurston traveled to Alabama to interview Mr. Lewis about his life and produced a manuscript documenting his story. The book was not published in her lifetime, but in 2018, the story was released as Barracoon: The Story of the Last Black Cargo. Today, many descendants of the Africans trafficked on the Clotilda continue to live in northern Mobile, and in December 2012, the National Park Service added the Africatown Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places.

[wikiuntamed]

On this day in Wikipedia: Sunday, 10th September

Welcome, こんにちは, Bienvenida, 안녕하세요 🤗 What does @Wikipedia say about 10th September through the years 🏛️📜🗓️?

10th September 2022 🗓️ : Event - Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II Death of Queen Elizabeth II: King Charles III is formally proclaimed as monarch at a meeting of the Accession Council in St James's Palace. "Elizabeth II, queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, died on 8 September 2022 at Balmoral Castle in Scotland, at the age of 96. Elizabeth's reign was the longest of any British monarch. She was succeeded by her eldest son, Charles. Elizabeth lay in state in St Giles'..."

Image licensed under CC0? by Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

10th September 2017 🗓️ : Event - Hurricane Irma Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key, Florida as a Category 4, after causing catastrophic damage throughout the Caribbean. Irma resulted in 134 deaths and $64.76 billion (2017 USD) in damage. "Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful Cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread destruction across its path in September 2017. Irma was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Maria two weeks later. At the time, it was considered the most powerful..."

Image by VIIRS image captured by NOAA’s Suomi NPP satellite

10th September 2013 🗓️ : Death - Jack Vance (general) Jack Vance, Canadian general (b. 1933) "Lieutenant-General John Elwood "Jack" Vance, (July 28, 1933 – September 10, 2013) was a Canadian Forces officer who became Vice Chief of the Defence Staff in Canada...."

10th September 1973 🗓️ : Birth - Ferdinand Coly Ferdinand Coly, Senegalese footballer "Ferdinand Alexandre Coly (born 10 September 1973) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a full-back...."

Image licensed under CC BY 2.0? by Serigne diagne

10th September 1923 🗓️ : Birth - Glen P. Robinson Glen P. Robinson, American businessman, founded Scientific Atlanta (d. 2013) "Glen Parmelee Robinson, Jr. (September 10, 1923 – January 16, 2013), called the "father of high-tech industry in Georgia", was an American businessman and founder of Scientific Atlanta, now a subsidiary of Cisco Systems. Robinson was the first employee of Scientific Atlanta, where he remained CEO..."

Image licensed under CC BY 3.0? by Georgia Tech Research Institute

10th September 1821 🗓️ : Birth - William Jervois William Jervois, English captain, engineer, and politician, 10th Governor of South Australia (d. 1897) "Lieutenant General Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois (10 September 1821 – 17 August 1897) was a British military engineer and diplomat. After joining the British Army in 1839, he saw service, as a second captain, in South Africa. In 1858, as a major, he was appointed Secretary of a Royal..."

Image

10th September 🗓️ : Holiday - Children's Day (Honduras) "Children's Day is a commemorative date celebrated annually in honor of children, whose date of observance varies by country. In 1925, International Children's Day was first proclaimed in Geneva during the World Conference on Child Welfare. Since 1950, it is celebrated on June 1 in many countries...."

Image by Post of USSR

[im-the-punk-who]

The Real People of Black Sails!

Here’s a quick(I promise....I promise this is as short as I could make it without leaving out some really choice shit) rundown of all the real historical figures peppered throughout Black Sails! I think I caught them all but if you know of others please mention them and I’ll add them on! Under a readmore because this is....so long y’all.

Pirates & Maroons

Anne Bonny (possibly 1697 – unknown; possibly April 1782) Started life crossdressing at her dad’s behest to avoid his wife(who wasn’t Bonny’s mom), married a guy her dad didn’t like, moved to Nassau. There her husband became a spy for Rogers and Anne was like ‘Not cool bro’. She met Jack, they started fucking, and Anne discovered she was really good at stabbing things. Resumed dressing as a man and started trying to seduce Mary Read who was also dressed as a man. They did indeed fall victim to one of the classic queer blunders. Anyway, Anne’s like ‘it’s not gay I’m a chick!’ And Mary is like ‘really?? Then it’s a little gayer than you realize because I’m a chick too!’ They (probably) start banging. Rackham’s like ‘hang on! I’m the only dick in Anne’s life’ and Mary and Anne are like ‘you sure are’ and Mary shows him her boobs and then they have some sort of complicated and probably not totally consensual threeway. Then they get captured because, Jack is That Guy Who Was Too Drunk To Realize His Ship Was Under Attack and Mary and Anne had to defend the ship against like, a whole other crew. Jack is hung(not a dick joke), but both Anne and Mary plead stays of execution due to pregnancy. Anne disappears but possibly is maybe referred to later. No one knows. Neat!

Edit: According to sources from this post there is a genealogical record that refers to Anne and it records her death as 1782. Very neat!

Israel Hands (c.1701-death unknown) Israel Hands was a real pirate and Blackbeard’s first mate. Not much else is known about where he came from or his life, other than that Blackbeard shot him in the knee at one point while supposedly aiming for another man. ‘Oops my bad this pistol is from like, the 18th century or something.’ While recuperating in Bath he was arrested after Teach’s death but took a pardon in exchange for ratting out the colonial officials who had been bribed by Teach. It’s unknown what happened to him after that although That Book About Pyrites says he died a beggar in London.

Benjamin Hornigold (1680–1719) Horny4gold was one of the most well known and influential pirates of the Golden Age. Most other pirates sailed under him or with him at one point, and he was one of the founders of the Pirate Republic of Nassau. He never attacked british ships during his time as captain so that he could be like ‘but brooooo I was acting in Britain’s Interests!!! Bro!!!!!’ But his co-pirates didn’t like that and eventually voted to replace him with Sam Bellamy. He accepted the king's pardon in 1718 and became a pirate hunter instead. Bummer. He was reportedly killed in a shipwreck.

Okay listen Horingold in any universe is a fucking JOKE I have to share this passage with y’all:

“Hornigold is recorded as having attacked a sloop off the coast of Honduras, but as one of the passengers of the captured vessel recounted, "they did us no further injury than the taking most of our hats from us, having got drunk the night before, as they told us, and toss'd theirs overboard"” WHAT A JOKE.

Dr. Howell - (birth/death unknown) John Howell was a pirate surgeon forced into service by Hornigold sometime in early 1717. He sailed with various pirate crews until October before returning into the service of Governor Rogers.

Ned Low (1690–1724) N’EDWARD. Okay I’m serious again. Born in London, Lowe grew up a thief in a thief family before moving to Boston. His wife died in childbirth in 1719, so he decided ‘fuck it I’ll become a Pirate Captain’ and did just that. He was known for torturing the people on board the ships he captured before murdering them and burning the ship. Interestingly though, Lowe was known to have a huge amount of regret over abandoning his daughter when he turned pirate, and wouldn’t force married men into his service. He also reportedly would allow women to return to port safely. Because of his numerous captures and cruelties, he was one of the most well known pirates in his day. There are differing reports about Low’s death - some say his crew mutinied and marooned him and he was subsequently hung, others say his ship sunk in a storm, and some say he just straight up disappeared. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Jack Rackham - (December 26, 1682 – November 18, 1720) Really a pirate, really named himself after a housecat pattern. (No, okay, he didn’t, it was because of his threads. But wouldn’t the cat thing fit too?) Sailed with Vane, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read. Was mostly known for being That Guy Who Was Too Drunk To Realize His Ship Was Under Attack and being Anne and Mary’s captain. He was captured and sentenced to hang after the aforementioned Drunk Blunder in 1720.

Mary/Mark Read - (1685 – 28 April 1721) Much like Anne Bonny, Mary dressed as a boy for much of her youth so a parent could swindle someone out of money. From her teenage years on she continued dressing as a man to find work in the military and as a sailor. She did marry but her husband died young and so she decided to become a pirate. Like ya do. She accepted the king’s pardon in 1718, then mutinied on the privateer she was aboard, once again becoming a pirate. Because pirates are sexy. In 1720 she joined Jack Rackham’s crew and sailed with him and Bonny. Cue the whole ‘Hey you’re hot, also I’m a woman.’ ‘Oh, hey, same hat!’ with Anne. In November of 1720, Rackham’s ship was captured. Mary died of a fever in prison(likely due to her pregnancy) in 1721.

Edward Teach - (c. 1680 – 22 November 1718) He started piracy sailing under Hornigold, and built the fleet alongside him and Stede Bonnet until Hornigold retired. COOL fact about Blackbeard is he was a MASTER showman who liked to light slow burning fuses under his hat to scare his enemies, and he relied more heavily on creating an image his prizes feared than violence. He did a lot of cool shit including ransoming the entire town of Charles Town and annoying the shit out of Woodes Rogers before settling in Bath and later dying of like, a shit ton of wounds while battling Lieutenant Maynard. The battle on Roger’s ship is pretty much what happened minues the keelhauling. Afterwards he was beheaded, his head hung from the bow of Maynard’s ship, and his body was thrown in the bay in Bath, where it’s said his ghost still haunts! Funky!

Charles Vane - (1680 – 29 March 1721)  Really a pirate captain! Known for being Not A Nice Dude. Sailed with Henry Jennings, Edward England and Jackie Rackhammie. He led the pirates in resisting Rogers in Nassau, and yeah he really did light a ship on fire and 18th centuryeet it into Rogers’ line in order to escape. There’s a note that he returned to Nassau to get married but I couldn’t find any info on who he married so he’s gay now. That’s a rule I just made up. Anyway so at one point his ship got into a fight with another ship and Vane ordered a retreat and the crew was like ‘this is BOOshit’ and voted him out in favor of Jack Rackham. Ouch. Vane and some of the crew that supported him left aboard the Katherine(I believe) but then they got caught in a storm that said ‘fuck you specifically to Charles Vane,’ and he was marooned on an island. He survived! Just long enough for a British ship to stop at the island for him to attempt to board, get caught, and then hung. Deus ex piratica.

(Honorary mentions)

John Silver + Captain Flint (sort of but I’m not kidding!) Okay so of course there are a bunch of suspected origins of the characters of Captain Flint and Long John Silver, but the one I like the most is of two brothers - one of whom had a peg leg! - who captured an enormous Spanish treasure and buried it near Ocracoke island. Their names were John and Owen Lloyd. (And yes, John was the one-legged brother.) In 1750 a Spanish treasure fleet named the Flotas de Indias attempted to sail from Havana to Spain in late August, and three ships were wrecked during a hurricane. By a stroke of luck, the Lloyd brothers had been blown to the same inlet as the wrecked ships Guadalupe and Soledad , and managed to convince the Captain to hire them to transport the treasure to Norfolk. 

But of course because they thought the Spanish SUCKED they said ‘psyche’ and just fucked off with it while the Captain was fighting Bureaucratic red tape in North Carolina. Iconique. Owen Lloyd reportedly buried the treasure on Norman Island and  the pair became folk heroes in the area, particularly in St. Kitts.  (P.s., the Stevenson family ran a sugar production business on St. Kitts, and R.L. Stevenson’s great grandfather worked there as early as 1773 - just 25 years after the epic heist. COOL STORY BRO.)

Captain Throckmorton (Okay not really but I just love this guy’s name) Okay so this guy wasn’t really a pirate captain but he was a Steamboat captain in the 1830s and his name is just too ridiculous for someone to make up. Toot toot, motherfucker.

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Queen Nanny(Maroon Queen/Madi) (c. 1686 – c. 1755) The spiritual, cultural, and military leader of the Windward Maroons (who the Black Sails Maroons are based on.) She led them alongside her ‘brother’ Quao although the relationship between them isn’t known. Exact information about her origins are not known but best guess is that she was of royal lineage from present-day Ghana, born sometime in the 1680’s. She did have a husband named Adou(who may have been the same person as Quao? I’ve read conflicting stuff), but they had no children. Many of the guerilla warfare tactics we now think of as common practice were developed by Queen Nanny and the other Maroons in their fight against British incursions. (The trap that Flint lays, covering themselves with paint and leaves, and the pits the Maroons lay in the forest are tactics known to have been used by the Windward Maroons.)

Nanny was a fucking legend okay a LEGENDS ONLY legend. She was one of the most instrumental people in preserving African culture among freed slaves and Maroons, and in encouraging the resistance to slavery in the Bahamas and surrounding areas. She was one of three leaders of the First Maroon War (which the war in Black Sails is based on). She initially refused to sign the treaty offered to Cudjoe because she knew the British were losing and was like ‘Why????? Would I surrender???? In a war??? I’m winning?????’

Anyway Queen Nanny was a fucking badass please read every piece of literature you can find on her. (You should absolutely read her full bio because she was fucking badass.)

Cudjoe (not exactly, but Julius is very close) (c. 1690s – 1764) Likely a freeborn son of one of the original escaped slaves turned Maroons, Cudjoe is hailed as one of the greatest Maroon leaders(after Queen Nanny). Much like in Black Sails, these original Maroons were slaves who escaped or overran their masters, forming free communities in the Mountains of Jamaica. The treaty in Black Sails is based on the one Cudjoe negotiated with the British, wanting an ‘honorable peace’ with the enemy, rather than the continued war and better terms that Queen Nanny and Quao wanted. (sound familiarrrrrr?) I do want to note that by the end of his life he became completely disillusioned with the idea that the British should be reasoned with and basically started fights with every British superior he could.

The English, Spanish, and Scottish!

The Guthries So while there wasn’t ever a female head of the Guthrie clan in Nassau, the Guthries were a Scottish merchant clan who emigrated to Boston around 1652 due to religious and racial persecution. While most of the family stayed around Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, John Guthrie moved to Virginia and his brother James Guthrie moved to Bermuda sometime after 1683.

(James Guthrie of Suffolk County, Massachusetts was listed in the will of John Richardson, dated 7 May 1683, in which Richardson says, “I give and bequeath unto James Guthrie all I have in the world except twenty shillings to buy John Harris a ring and ten shillings to buy John Kyte a ring.” This was witnessed by John Raynsford and John Ramsey.) Fellas is it gay.

Anyway, between Virginia and Boston and James’ ties in the Bermuda islands, the family made a shit ton fencing pirated goods during the Golden Age of Piracy, particularly from the Pirate Republic of Nassau.

A John Guthrie(likely a son of James’) was also a Colonel who was part of the peace talks with Cudjoe and the Maroons. Neat!

James Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) Okay listen Oglethorpe was COOL AS FUCK. He is the founder of the colony of Georgia and is imo who Thomas Hamilton is probably based on. Oglethorpe was a HUGE humanitarian and even before he decided to form an entire colony around people not owning slaves. He advocated for better conditions for sailors, and prison reform. In 1732 he read a letter by a slave in Maryland named Ayuba Suleiman Diallo and on the spot decided slavery was terrible, divested himself of his stock in the African Trading Company, and resolved to include a law banning slavery in Georgia to the colony’s charter. Radical, man.

Speaking of Georgia, and specifically his plantation near Savannah, Oglethorpe actively spoke with the native Yamacraw who populated the land to ask permission and trade for the land he sought to build Georgia on. His plantation was meant to help debtors in London, released without any support, from falling back into debt and offering them a way forward to landownership through indentured servitude. I highly recommend anyone interested in early attempts at an equality based colonial system read up on the original charter of Georgia. (Of course there were still problems, but Oglethorpe was one of the most prominent proponents of a non hierarchical society - including limits to the acreage any person could own based on how helpful that land was to the people who worked it, and communal resources.) Oglethorpe was also a lifelong friend with Tomochichi, the chief of the Yamacraw, and worked very closely with him on colonial-indigenous relations.

Vincente de Raja (birth/death unknown) He was the real Governor and military Captain of Cuba from 1716-1717. He was a devoted pirate hunter and encouraged Spanish privateering against the pirates. Due to an attempt by Spain to increase tobacco profits at the expense of the farmers, there was a large revolt which resulted in many of the Cuban officials, including Raja, being replaced. 

William Rhett (4 September 1666 – 12 January 1723) He was a merchant captain and plantation owner in Carolina who served in the colonial militia and hunted pirates. He captured Stede Bonnet and was probably just as much of an asshole as he is in the show.

Woodes Rogers - (c. 1679 – 15 July 1732) The Governor of Nassau who was largely responsible for ending piracy in the Bahamas. He really did offer a universal pardon, which a large number of the pirates took. Fun fact: before he was Governor, he rescued Alexander Selkirk, who is believed to be the guy Robinson Crusoe is based off of! Neat! He really did have a brother who really did die during his privateering exploits which also really did leave him ‘disfigured’. He got sued by his crew, went bankrupt, wrote a book, got famous for writing the book, and he really did have a wife named Sarah whom he divorced shortly after all this happened. He then became Governor of Nassau for the first time. This first term did end in him being imprisoned for debts incurred defending the island from Vane and Teach and the Spanish, but he was released, helped write that most famous A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, and became governor again in 1728. He died in 1732 of just plain exhaustion from dealing with the bureaucracy. Alexa play tiny violin.

[newshuntermag]

Captain Smart Has Been Allegedly Asked To Go Off Air Due To Pressure From Government Officials – Imani Africa Boss Reveals

Captain Smart Has Been Allegedly Asked To Go Off Air Due To Pressure From Government Officials – Imani Africa Boss Reveals

The Executive Director of Imani Africa, Franklin Cudjoe has revealed why Captain Smart has been asked to go off air for some time. In a post sighted by Newshuntermag.com, Mr Cudjoe stated that the boss of the Angel FM presenter took this decision following alleged pressure from some high ranking government officials. He indicated that he had a conversation about this before his post. According…

[longliveblackness]

Nanny also known as Queen Nanny was a Maroon leader in Jamaica during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Enslaved Africans who escaped & established independent settlements in the Americas were known as maroons.

Nanny was a runaway slave from Western Africa who had been sold into slavery. It is usually assumed that she was born into the Ashanti tribe of modern-day Ghana.

Nanny and her 4 brothers (all of whom went on to become Maroon leaders) were sold into slavery and eventually escaped to the highlands and jungles that still make up much of Jamaica. Nanny and one of her brothers, Quao, established Nanny Town in the Blue Mountains on the Eastern side of Jamaica.

Nanny Town thrived because of its remote location in the highlands, far from European villages & difficult to attack. Nanny avoided attacking plantations and European towns preferring instead to farm and trade with her neighbors in a civilized manner. She did, however, conduct multiple successful raids to free slaves trapped on plantations and her actions resulted in the emancipation of about 1,000 slaves during her lifetime.

Nanny & the Windward Maroons flourished and multiplied during Nanny's lifetime. The triumph of the Maroons threatened the British colonial authorities. Plantation owners demanded action from colonial officials after losing slaves and having their equipment and crops torched by Maroon raids.

The Jamaican jungles were searched by hunting groups made up of British regular army soldiers, militias and mercenaries. Captain William Cuffee, often known as Captain Sambo, is said to have murdered Nanny in one of the war's many brutal battles in 1733. The war lasted from 1720 to 1739, when a truce was declared; Cudjoe, one of Nanny's brothers and a Maroon War leader, was the driving force behind the treaty.

Following Nanny's death, many Windward Maroons relocated to the more sparsely populated Western (or Leeward) part of the island. The British eventually seized Nanny Town and destroyed it in 1734.

•••

Nanny también conocida como Reina Nanny fue una lider Maroon en Jamaica a finales del siglo XVII y principios del siglo XVIII. A los africanos esclavizados que escapaban y que establecían asentamientos independientes en las Américas, se les llamaba Maroons.

Nanny era una esclava fugitiva de África Occidental que había sido vendida. Por lo general, se asume que nació en la tribu Ashanti de la Ghana actual.

Nanny y sus cuatro hermanos (los cuales se convirtieron en líderes Maroon) fueron vendidos como esclavos y eventualmente escaparon a las selvas y tierras altas que aún constituían gran parte de Jamaica. Nanny y uno de sus hermanos, Quao, establecieron Nanny Town (La ciudad Nanny) en las Montañas Azules ubicadas en el lado este de Jamaica.

Nanny Town prosperaba debido a su ubicación remota en las tierras altas, lejos de los pueblos europeos y eran muy difíciles de atacar. Nanny evitaba atacar plantaciones europeas y prefirió cultivar y comercializar con sus vecinos de manera civilizada. Sin embargo, realizó redadas exitosas para liberar a esclavos que se encontraban atrapados en plantaciones y sus acciones resultaron en la emancipación de alrededor de mil esclavos.

Nanny y los Maroon de Windward florecieron y se multiplicaron. El triunfo de los Maroons amenazaba a las autoridades coloniales británicas. Los dueños de las plantaciones exigían acción por parte de los oficiales coloniales después de la pérdida de esclavos. Durante estas redadas también se quemaban equipo y cultivos.

Las junglas jamaiquinas fueron registradas por grupos de cazadores formado por soldados del ejército británico, milicias y mercenarios. Se dice que el Capitán William Cuffee, también conocido como Capitán Sambo fue quién asesinó a Nanny en uno de los combates brutales que hubo durante la guerra en el año 1733. La guerra duró de 1720 a 1739, hasta que se declaró una tregua.

Cudjoe, uno de los hermanos de Nanny y líder Maroon, fue la fuerza impulsora detrás de el tratado.

Después de la muerte de Nanny, muchos Maroons de Windward se reubicaron en la parte occidental, la parte menos poblado de la isla. Los británicos eventualmente se apoderaron de Nanny Town y destruyeron la ciudad en el año 1734.

[lovethelifeyoulive123]

looks like kristie upgraded cudjoe and got her good seats. and they're heading home finally so that's good.

Looks like it. Kristie taking advantage of some of those Sky Miles from all her traveling with Sam to help her teammates. Maybe just make her Captain😂

[mayasdeluca]

What would your starting lineup/formation be for Gotham with the players they have now?

With or without the international players?!

I'm terrible with formations so I honestly don't know what would be a better one than the one they have now, which clearly isn't working...unless it's just the players in the wrong spots.

But without the international players right now I think it should be:

GK: Ash Backline: Dydasco uhh i don't know who can be CB with Gina retired and if AK is in the midfield and Estelle is not there lol shit! That's gonna be Scott's excuse now isn't it? 😭 I think Livingstone is a CB but shes hurt and Amanda Visco who they just signed? But I don't think either are starter material...idk my whole plan is ruined now because I don't know who can be with Mandy. Let's just leave that blank for now and then Dorsey obviously. Midfield: Zerboni, Kriegs, Cudjoe Forwards: Paige, Tucker, Smith, Bike.

I think Taylor Smith was impressive tonight and so was Bike. They made an impact immediately so they should start. I guess this would kinda be the formation they were in. Maybe Paige and Smith in the center and Tucker and Bike on the wings? If anyone has a good formation idea feel free to send it my way!

But when the other players come back, I think it should be:

GK: Ash Backline: Dydasco, Johnson, Freeman, Dorsey Midfield: Mewis, Krieger, Cudjoe. (Should they have a formation with more midfielders? Idk) Zerboni has not been good, I know she's captain but I'm over her. I know Scott won't not start her though so this will never happen but I think Kriegs and Kristie would be so good in the midfield together and Cudjoe also. Forwards: Midge, Ify, Paige, Smith

Thoughts?!

[mewiecrew]

Testing new formations in midfield putting Kristie, Cudjoe and Torres on the bench. The only one that remains is Zerboni, it's a little unfair.

I don’t know why they can never bench Zerboni. Yes she is the captain but other teams have benched captains before. Plus benching their best midfielder is stupid

[wsl-chelsea]

So I really love your page but it feels like we got a lot of overreacting anons and prob a lot of people whose sarcasm can’t be read in tumblr format. Yes tons of people are way overreacting to only a short bit of time with no content, but half the reason we all found out about Kristie and sam in the first place in legit December 2020 is this type of intense social media stalking. So everyone needs to cut everyone some slack! it’s also prob hard for everyone to read all your reactions so I think that’s what leads to lots of the same reactions and submissions on sam being captain and the “oh my god are they ok?!” 😂

Buuut anyway in other news, the photo of Kristie playing tag in cudjoe’s Instagram story is so cute

actually truee. i understand how people can be nervous when there’s no content but it is important to understand that things are very different to when people first suspected they were dating and when they came out and said it. it could also b bc i leave a lot of anons unanswered until later in the day bc of school so a lot of the same opinions build up over the hours i’m offline (which is totally okay! it’s nice to see how people agree and disagree on different things) hehe anyway talking about this is getting me excited for what’s gonna come next

it isss so cute omg

[fatehbaz]

In the process of claiming refuge in proximate, difficult to access landscapes, of establishing in them communities of freedom grounded in diasporic and local identities [...] [a]cross the Atlantic world, maroon communities shared key prominent characteristics: geographic isolation relative to slave societies; political and economic autonomy from authorities in slave societies [...]. The latest 15 years, however, have witnessed a robust expansion of Caribbean and Global South maroon studies scholarship beyond the grand/petit binary. New works [as of 2020] have [...] established the complexity, validity, and importance of maroon communities and identities [...].

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[M]arronage in the Caribbean predated the Jamaican maroon wars by 200 years. As early as the mid-16th century, fugitive African slaves evaded colonial militia, imperial troops, and slave hunters into mountainous, forested, and swampy terrain in the southeast of the Spanish island colony of Santo Domingo. In the the 17th century, maroons evaded Portuguese, Spanish, British, French, and Dutch enslavers on virtually every Caribbean island [...]  [N]ew scholarship of Caribbean and Global South marronage, as scholar Crystal Nicole Eddins has observed of French colonial San Domingue, reveals that maroons’ worlds were complex and varied widely over time and in adaptation to local and regional conditions [...]. Perhaps the most famous maroon [communities] were formed in colonial Brazil and Jamaica [...]. From 1605 to 1694, the maroons of the Quilombo dos Palmares [...] vigorously defended the maroon refuge in the interior mountain valleys of colonial Brazil’s Pernambuco captaincy against numerous Portuguese and Dutch military campaigns [...]. By the 1750s, six main Jamaican maroon settlements included Accompong and Cudjoe’s [Trelawney] Town in the island’s west and Moore Town, Nanny Town, Scot’s Hall, and Charles Town in the east. So ubiqituous were Atlantic world maroon colonies, historian Alvin O. Thompson has suggested that colonial enslavers [...] knew them by a range of terms: palenques, rancherias, ladeiras, mambises, quilombos, mocambos, magotes, cumbes, or manieles [...].

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In the southern Caribbean, enslaved fugitives engaged complex networks of maritime passage to travel between Curacau and Tierra Firme on the northern South American coast. Rupert has found that, from the late 17th century into the 1760s, enslaved fugitives engaged sympathetic ship captains and crew members in Willemstad who facilitated passage southward. Upon arrival in Tierra Firme, [they] settled in mainland maroon communities, where they sometimes learned a new language [...]. Spanish imperial and colonial officials formally acknowledged this form of maritime marronage, the regular illicit movements [...] across the southern Caribbean [...]. The Spanish Crown saw in maritime marronage an opportunity to bolster its geopolitical agenda, a strategy that rested upon coordinated efforts to lure enslaved people from its Protestant competitors in [Dutch] Curacao to establish their allegiance to the Crown [...].

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[M]aroons also [...] engaged in fugitivity and resistance within the bounds of slave societies. To this end, Rushforth has pointed to the key role that maroon networks played limiting planter power that led to the formation of closely knit communities [...] in French Martinique’s “alternative economy” [...]. During the eighteenth-century expansion of the island’s slave labor-based sugar economy, fugitive slaves [...] animated extralegal networks through which provisions filtered from plantations to maroon groups in less accessible zones of the island. These maroon communities, defined by West African rituals [...], played a key role in the Gaoulet Rebellion of 1710 [...] in the wake [of] the attempted burning of St. Pierre, the island’s primary port. After the 1710 conspiracy, French officials in the metropole did not prioritize efforts to destroy the island’s maroon communities. On the island, fears that maroons might organize a larger, successful rebellion led to a reluctant [...] stalemate in which the island’s maroon communities maintained autonomy.

On the whole, enslavers expressed pervasive fears of maroon communities that, for maroons, held great symbolic power. In recent studies, historians Kathleen Wilson and Tyson Reeder have offered new interpretations of the symbolic power of Jamaican maroon identity, locally and imperially (Reeder, 2017; Wilson, 2009). To remind imperial observers of the accommodations they had wrested from colonial governments after the first maroon war [...], maroons in Jamaica regularly organized prominent ceremonial parades and performances [...]. With the onset of the Haitian Revolution, imperial public sentiments shifted. After Haitian independence in 1804, early American observers fused fears of broad-reaching black liberty to reports of the Second Maroon War, turning the earlier British narrative of legitimate maroon liberty on its head. Later still, antebellum Americans linked together aged reports of Jamaican maroon vigor in defending liberty to reports of Seminole tenacity in Florida during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). [...]

H]istorian Yuko Miki has noted that quilombolas (maroons) regularly created “insurgent geographies” of freedom in the Sao Mateus quilombos of Brazil’s northern Espirito Santo province in the early 1880s. [...]

---

Two generations of scholarship between the late 1960s and the turn of the century produced a robust [...] archive of research foundational to the latest 15 years of maroon studies scholarship.

---

Text by: Marcus P. Nevius. “New histories of marronage in the Anglo-Atlantic world and early North America.” History Compass. March 2020. [Bold emphasis added by me.]

[sciencespies]

Researcher Identifies the Last Known Survivor of the Transatlantic Slave Trade

https://sciencespies.com/history/researcher-identifies-the-last-known-survivor-of-the-transatlantic-slave-trade/

Researcher Identifies the Last Known Survivor of the Transatlantic Slave Trade

In July 1860, a ship called the Clotilda docked off the shore of Mobile, Atlanta, under the cover of darkness. The 110 men, women and children onboard, all kidnapped from West Africa, were distributed to slaveholders despite the fact that Congress had outlawed the international slave trade more than 50 years earlier.

The Clotilda was, in fact, the last documented ship to transport people from Africa to slavery in the United States. And now, reports Sean Coughlan for BBC News, a British historian has identified the ship’s last known survivor.

Hannah Durkin of Newcastle University used genealogical data and a single newspaper interview to piece together the story of Matilda McCrear, who died in 1940 at the age of 81 or 82—three years after the death of Redoshi, a woman whom the historian had previously identified as the last survivor of the transatlantic slave trade.

Describing her research in the journal Slavery & Abolition, Durkin notes that McCrear does not seem to have appeared in any film footage; nor was she mentioned in any books. No obituaries mark her death. Instead, Durkin relied largely on an interview that appeared in the Selma Times-Journal after McCrear tried to claim compensation as a Clotilda survivor in 1931. The article, which Durkin discovered while researching Redoshi, is problematic; as Durkin notes, it was written by a white woman who “reveals a dismissive attitude to McCrear that elides much of her family’s suffering.” But the piece nevertheless offers key insight into McCrear’s often-heartbreaking biography.

She belonged to the Yoruba people of West Africa and was just 2 years old when she was captured by traders and brought on board the Clotilda along with her mother, Gracie; sister Sallie; and two other unnamed sisters. Two of her brothers were left behind in Africa, providing “rare insight into the Middle Passage as a site of maternal loss,” according to Durkin.

Upon their arrival in the United States, McCrear, Sallie and Gracie were purchased by slaveholder Memorable Walker Creagh; her two other sisters were sold to a different owner, per Newcastle University, and McCrear never saw them again. Gracie was sold to Creagh as the “wife” of a Clotilda survivor named Guy, though it is likely that their association “was random and part of a wider practice of selling off Clotilda survivors as ‘breeding pairs,’” writes Durkin.

Redoshi seen in “The Negro Farmer: Extension Work for Better Farming and Better Living”

(Department of Agriculture / National Archives)

Because McCrear was so young during the journey from Africa to America, most of her knowledge of that time period was passed down from her mother. But she had a distinct memory of fleeing into a swamp with her sister to escape her captors and hiding for several hours until the overseers’ dogs sniffed the girls out. McCrear would have been 3 years old at the time, her sister 11. That they went “to such lengths to escape captivity,” according to Durkin, “brings to light the miserable treatment that they endured even as young children and shows how profound was their sense of dislocation and desperation to return home.”

McCrear was still a young child when the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, was adopted in 1865, but her family continued to work as sharecroppers, likely of cotton, for a landowner. As McCrear grew older, she displayed a determined, even defiant streak. She changed her last name from that of her former owner—Creagh—to McCrear; wore her hair in a traditional Yoruba style; and, though she never married, had a decades-long relationship with a white German man. Together, they had 14 children.

“McCrear’s long-term relationship with Schuler should be read as a major act of resistance to racist laws forbidding black and white people from marrying that were in place throughout the South until the U.S. Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional in … 1967,” writes Durkin.

When she was in her 70s, McCrear traveled 15 miles from her rural cabin to the County Courthouse in Selma, Alabama, hoping to obtain financial assistance as a Clotilda survivor. She knew that Cudjo “Kossola” Lewis, another survivor of the ship, had received compensation, and asked that both she and Redoshi be granted similar benefits. Her plea, however, was dismissed, and she ultimately died in poverty.

Johnny Crear, McCrear’s 83-year-old grandson, tells Newcastle University that he was completely unaware that his grandmother had been on the Clotilda prior to Durkin’s research.

“Her story gives me mixed emotions because if she hadn’t been brought here, I wouldn’t be here,” he says. “But it’s hard to read about what she experienced.”

Researchers discovered the remains of the Clotilda along the Mobile River last year. As Allison Keyes reported for Smithsonian magazine in April 2019, the ship’s captain, William Foster, had ordered it taken upstream, burned and sunk to conceal evidence of his crew’s illicit actions. Though the Clotilda’s survivors were freed by Union soldiers in 1865, they were unable to raise enough funds to return to Africa. Instead, the men and women pooled their wages and purchased a plot of land nearby. Dubbed Africatown, the society was rooted in its residents’ “beloved homeland,” according to Smithsonian.

“I knew what that ship represents, the story and the pain of the descendant community. I’ve heard the voices; I can look them in the eye and see the pain of the whole Africatown experience over the past hundred plus years,” Kamau Sadiki, a diver involved with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture’s Slave Wrecks Project, told Smithsonian last year. “They have been very resilient. The Clotilda should be known by everyone who calls themselves an American because it is so pivotal to the American story.”

#History

[therealafrikantruth]

Nanny, known as Granny Nanny, Grandy Nanny, and Queen Nanny was a Maroon leader and Obeah woman in Jamaica during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Maroons were slaves in the Americas who escaped and formed independent settlements. Nanny herself was an escaped slave who had been shipped from Western Africa. It has been widely accepted that she came from the Ashanti tribe of present-day Ghana. Nanny has been described as a practitioner of Obeah, a term used in the Caribbean to describe folk magic and religion based on West African influences.  Nanny Town, placed as it was in the mountains away from European settlements and difficult to assault, thrived. Nanny limited her attacks on plantations and European settlements and preferred instead to farm and trade peacefully with her neighbours. She did however make numerous successful raids to free slaves held on plantations and it has been widely accepted that her efforts contributed to the escape of almost 1,000 slaves over her lifetime.  While Nanny lived, Nanny Town and the Windward Maroons thrived and multiplied. The British colonial administration became embarrassed and threatened by the successes of the Maroons. Plantation owners who were losing slaves and having equipment and crops burned by Maroon raiders demanded that colonial authorities act. Hunting parties, made up of British regular army soldiers, militiamen, and mercenaries (many from the free black community), scoured the Jamaican jungles.  Captain William Cuffee, known as Captain Sambo, is credited as having killed Nanny in 1733 during one of the many and bloody engagements of the war.  The war itself lasted from 1720 until a truce was declared in 1739; Cudjoe, one of Nanny’s brothers and a leader during the Maroon War, was the driving force behind the treaty. After Nanny’s death, many of the Windward Maroons moved across the island to the more sparsely inhabited Western (or Leeward) side of Jamaica. Nanny Town was eventually captured by the British and destroyed in 1734. Nanny’s life and accomplishments have been recognised by the Government of Jamaica and she has been honoured as a National Hero and awarded the title of “Right Excellent”. https://www.instagram.com/p/BrcSTfiH_uK/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1kdo9dx09lze

[ghanakay4198]

Captain Smart suspended for criticizing Akufo-Addo’s gov’t

Captain Smart suspended for criticizing Akufo-Addo’s gov’t

His suspension follows his constant criticism of national affairs making the government unpopular. Captain Smart is reported to have been taken off air by his employer for overly criticising the Akufo-Addo led government. The popular radio presenter with Angel FM has been suspended indefinitely by his boss. This information was revealed by IMANI Ghana CEO Franklin Cudjoe. READ ALSO: Kumerica…

[airnewsonline]

Dr Kwaku Oteng Explains Why He suspended Captain Smart

Dr Kwaku Oteng Explains Why He suspended Captain Smart

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Angel Group of Companies, Dr Kwaku Oteng has finally broken his silence after radio talk show host Captain Smart was suspended from his post at the Accra-based Angel FM. The news of his suspension was brought to public notice on Thursday, May 6, 2021, by IMANI chief, Mr. Franklin Cudjoe. According to him, Smart was suspended over his ‘usual critical…