#Bullous Pemphigoid Size

[coherentmicom]

Bullous Pemphigoid: An Autoimmune Skin Disorder Affecting Elderly Population

What is BP?

BP is a chronic, autoimmune, blistering disease of the skin that affects the elderly population predominantly. It causes the formation of large, fluid-filled blisters on areas of skin that appear normal at first but upon blistering can cause immense discomfort and pain. The blisters usually form on the skin surface, just above the basement membrane. Causes and Risk Factors

InBullous pemphigoid, the immune system mistakenly attacks proteins in the basement membrane of the skin called BP180 and BP230. This results in inflammation and antibody creation against these proteins. When antibodies attach to these proteins under the skin surface, it causes the skin layer above to separate from the deeper skin layer leading to blister formation. While the exact cause of BP is unknown, certain factors increase the risk of developing this disease like advanced age (over 60 years), family history of autoimmune disorders and physical trauma or injury to the skin. Other potential causes under investigation include genetic predisposition, medications and underlying medical conditions like cancer, neurological disorders and infectious agents. Elderly adults above 80 years have the highest prevalence rate of BP.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common initial symptoms of bullous pemphigoid include red, itchy patches or blisters on the skin which may appear on parts of the body like abdomen, thighs, arms or trunk. The blisters range from half a centimeter to several centimeters in diameter and appear in groups or clusters. As the blisters rupture, they leave behind painful, shallow erosions or raw areas. There may also be associated symptoms like burning sensation or pain at the affected sites. Diagnosis To diagnose BP, the doctor examines the lesions and takes a skin biopsy to view the area under the microscope. The diagnostic hallmarks are presence of inflammation around blood vessels in the upper dermis and separation between the epidermis and dermis layers. Immunological tests are often done to detect high levels of BP180 and BP230 antibodies in blood which supports the diagnosis. Other skin conditions with similar appearance like dermatitis herpetiformis are ruled out through testing.

Treatment

Conventionally, BP is treated with oral corticosteroids like prednisone as the first line therapy to suppress the immune system and stop blister formation. Topical corticosteroid creams are also prescribed for localized involvement. Other immunosuppressants like azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil may be used in cases where high dose steroids cannot be gradually tapered off. Anti-inflammatory drugs like dapsone or tetracyclines also provide relief in mild cases. Laser therapy and corticosteroid injections directly in blisters helps treat localized areas. Proper wound care to prevent infections in eroded areas along with topical antiseptics, antibiotics and dressing is important.

Prognosis With appropriate long-term treatment, the outlook for patients with bullous pemphigoid is generally good. The disease activity declines gradually over several months to years in most cases until it is well controlled. However, complete remission is rare and flare-ups can occur due to varying severity. With immunosuppressive drugs, the risk of life-threatening infections also increases, needing close medical monitoring. Refractory cases unresponsive to conventional therapy carry poorer prognosis. Proper diligent management of nutritional and hydration status in elderly patients helps speedy recovery.

Impact on Business

BP predominantly affects the geriatric population above 60 years. As populations across the world continue to age at an accelerated rate, the prevalence of this autoimmune blistering disease is expected to rise proportionately in the coming decades. This posses significant economic and social burden both for affected families and healthcare systems. The direct treatment costs related to medications, wound care products, long term follow up visits and potential hospitalizations add up substantially over the chronic course of the disease.  From a pharmaceutical business perspective, bullous pemphigoid represents a growing therapeutic area and market opportunity. With advancements in immunology and targeted therapies, newer treatment options are being explored besides conventional steroids. Biologic agents modulating specific pathogenic immune pathways show promise. Skin care product companies can capitalize on increasing demands for special dressings, ointments, antiseptics and moisturizers catered for BP patients. Healthcare service providers will require to boost capacity and expertise in geriatric dermatology management to handle rising caseloads. Overall, BP highlights ageing as a critical risk factor businesses must reckon with from multiple angles. Proactive preparedness to face future implications of this condition can provide both opportunities and advantages.

Get more insights on this topic: https://www.newsanalyticspro.com/understanding-the-rare-autoimmune-skin-condition-called-bullous-pemphigoid/

About Author:

Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)

*Note: 1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research 2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

[colinwilson11]

Digitalization Will Propel The Bullous Pemphigoid Market Growth Owing To Increased Diagnosis Accuracy

The Bullous Pemphigoid Market involves treating a rare autoimmune disease wherein the immune system attacks the skin and mucous membranes resulting in large fluid-filled blisters and vesicles on the skin and mucosal membrane. Bullous Pemphigoid primarily affects the elderly population above the age of 60 and leads to extensive itching and pain. The main treatment modalities involve immunomodulatory medications such as corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppressive medications to ease symptoms.

The Bullous Pemphigoid Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 1.4 Bn in 2024 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 10% over the forecast period 2024-2031.

Key players operating in the Bullous Pemphigoid market are GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Roche. These companies offer a range of treatment options from oral and topical corticosteroids to immunosuppressive therapies. The increasing geriatric population prone to developing bullous pemphigoid coupled with rising awareness regarding the condition is expected to drive the growth of the market. Additionally, advancements in diagnosis facilitated by digital imaging technologies assist in prompt diagnosis and treatment of the condition, thereby improving treatment outcomes.

Key Takeaways

Key players analysis: Key players operating in the Bullous Pemphigoid market are GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Roche. GlaxoSmithKline leads the market with drugs including Rituximab and Benlysta.

Growing demand: The growing geriatric population accounted for a major share of the bullous pemphigoid patient pool. According to the WHO, the number of people aged 60 years and older is expected to double by 2050. This significantly drives the demand for bullous pemphigoid treatment.

Technological advancement: Advancements in digital imaging and teledermatology allow accurate diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid through visualization of skin lesions via smartphones and teleconsultation. This enables early intervention and superior management of the condition.

Market Trends

Combination therapies: There is a growing trend of using drug combinations as opposed to monotherapies to effectively manage bullous pemphigoid. Popular combinations involve corticosteroids with immunosuppressants.

Targeted biologic agents: Novel targeted biologic agents aimed at specific antibodies and immune pathways involved in bullous pemphigoid show promise. Drugs like Rituximab, Inebilizumab, and Eculizumab are being evaluated for efficacy and safety.

Market Opportunities

Emerging economies: Countries in Asia Pacific and Latin America present lucrative opportunities for bullous pemphigoid treatment providers owing to growing medical needs of their aging population and economic expansion.

Online consultations: Telehealth and e-pharmacy platforms allow people to remotely access bullous pemphigoid specialists and medication, thereby overcoming distance barriers. This increases access to care.

Impact Of COVID-19 On Bullous Pemphigoid Market Growth

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the growth of the bullous pemphigoid market. During the initial phases of the pandemic between 2020-21, the market witnessed a decline in growth rate owing to lockdowns imposed across various countries. This led to postponement of non-essential dermatological procedures and treatments. Patients also avoided visiting healthcare facilities fearing exposure to the virus. As a result, diagnosis and treatment rates for bullous pemphigoid reduced considerably during this period.

However, with lifting of lockdowns and rollout of vaccination drives globally, the market has started recovering post 2021. Increased awareness about the autoimmune disorder and availability of effective treatment options are supporting the growth trajectory. Various initiatives undertaken by key market players to ensure uninterrupted supply of drugs and therapies have also boosted market revenues. For instance, companies streamlined their production and distribution channels to meet the rising demand. Teleconsultations further aided continued care for patients during lockdowns.

Going forward, the bullous pemphigoid market is expected to witness robust expansion supported by ageing population prone to developing the condition. Moreover, rapid advancements in biologics and targeted therapies will expand treatment options. Players are investing heavily in R&D to develop novel pipeline drugs. Favorable regulatory environment and reimbursement policies will augment market access. Widespread vaccination drives and resumption of normal healthcare activities will further accelerate market growth in the coming years.

Europe holds the largest share of bullous pemphigoid market in terms of value owing to sizeable patient pool and high treatment uptake. North America follows Europe in terms of revenue generation led by rising disease prevalence and advanced healthcare infrastructure. Asia Pacific is recognized as the fastest growing regional market and will continue exhibiting strong growth momentum through 2031. This can be attributed to improving access to diagnosis and treatment options due to expanding healthcare expenditure in countries like China and India.

Geographical Regions With Highest Bullous Pemphigoid Market Value

North America accounts for the largest share of the Bullous Pemphigoid Market value-wise. The region is estimated to hold over 35% revenue share of the overall market in 2024 led by strong presence of leading pharmaceutical companies in US and Canada. Increased focus on research into novel treatment options along with supportive reimbursement policies are driving the growth of the North America bullous pemphigoid market.

Europe holds the second largest value share globally on account of rising burden of the autoimmune disorder due to aging population. Countries like Germany, UK, France, Italy are major revenue generators for Europe bullous pemphigoid market. High healthcare expenditure and availability of affordable treatments make Europe an attractive regional market.

Geographical Region Witnessing Fastest Growth In Bullous Pemphigoid Market

Asia Pacific region has emerged as the fastest growing geographical market for bullous pemphigoid globally. The Asia Pacific bullous pemphigoid market is projected to expand at a CAGR of over 12% during 2024-2031. Factors such as growing geriatric demographic, increasing medical awareness regarding bullous pemphigoid diagnosis and management, rising healthcare spending, and improving access to advanced drugs are fueling the market growth. Countries like India, China, Japan, and South Korea are expected to drive substantial revenues for bullous pemphigoid treatment manufacturers within Asia Pacific market.

Get more insights on this topic:  https://www.ukwebwire.com/bullous-pemphigoid-market-growth-to-be-fueled-by-advancements-in-targeted-therapies/

Author Bio:

Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163 )

What Are The Key Data Covered In This Bullous Pemphigoid Market Report?

:- Market CAGR throughout the predicted period

:- Comprehensive information on the aspects that will drive the Bullous Pemphigoid Market's growth between 2024 and 2031.

:- Accurate calculation of the size of the Bullous Pemphigoid Market and its contribution to the market, with emphasis on the parent market

:- Realistic forecasts of future trends and changes in consumer behaviour

:- Bullous Pemphigoid Market Industry Growth in North America, APAC, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa

:- A complete examination of the market's competitive landscape, as well as extensive information on vendors

:- Detailed examination of the factors that will impede the expansion of Bullous Pemphigoid Market vendors

FAQ’s

Q.1 What are the main factors influencing the Bullous Pemphigoid Market?

Q.2 Which companies are the major sources in this industry?

Q.3 What are the market’s opportunities, risks, and general structure?

Q.4 Which of the top Bullous Pemphigoid Market companies compare in terms of sales, revenue, and prices?

Q.5 Which businesses serve as the Bullous Pemphigoid Market’s distributors, traders, and dealers?

Q.6 How are market types and applications and deals, revenue, and value explored?

Q.7 What does a business area’s assessment of agreements, income, and value implicate?

*Note: 1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research 2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

[luciana-909]

Understanding and Managing Blisterata: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction to Blisterata

Blisterata, a term that may sound unfamiliar to many, refers to a specific dermatological condition characterized by the formation of painful blisters on the skin. These blisters can vary in size and severity, often causing significant discomfort and requiring medical attention. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of Blisterata, its causes, symptoms, and effective management strategies to help individuals better understand and cope with this condition.

Causes of Blisterata

Blisterata can be triggered by various factors, each contributing to the onset of blisters in different ways. Understanding these causes is crucial for both prevention and treatment. The primary causes of Blisterata include:

Friction and Pressure: Continuous friction or pressure on the skin, often from tight-fitting shoes or repetitive motions, can lead to the formation of blisters. This is common in athletes, hikers, and individuals with physically demanding jobs.

Burns: Exposure to extreme heat, chemicals, or radiation can cause thermal or chemical burns, resulting in blistering. These burns damage the skin layers, leading to fluid accumulation and blister formation.

Infections: Certain bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can cause Blisterata. For instance, herpes simplex virus (HSV) can lead to painful blisters around the mouth or genital area.

Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to substances like poison ivy, insect bites, or certain medications can cause blisters. Contact dermatitis, resulting from direct contact with allergens, often manifests as blistered skin.

Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid involve the immune system attacking the skin, leading to blister formation. These diseases require specialized medical treatment.

Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to Blisterata, making them more susceptible to developing blisters under certain conditions.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blisterata

Identifying Blisterata involves recognizing its characteristic symptoms and undergoing appropriate diagnostic procedures. Common symptoms include:

Blister Formation: The primary symptom is the appearance of fluid-filled blisters on the skin. These blisters can be small or large, singular or clustered.

Pain and Discomfort: Blisters often cause significant pain and discomfort, especially when they rupture or become infected.

Redness and Swelling: The skin around the blisters may become red and swollen, indicating inflammation.

Itching and Burning Sensation: Many individuals experience itching or a burning sensation in the affected area.

Diagnostic Procedures

To accurately diagnose Blisterata, healthcare professionals may perform several tests, including:

Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the skin and blisters to assess their appearance and distribution.

Medical History: Reviewing the patient's medical history, including any recent exposures, activities, or underlying health conditions.

Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, skin biopsies, and cultures to identify infections, autoimmune markers, or other underlying causes.

Patch Testing: Conducted to determine specific allergens causing allergic reactions and blisters.

Treatment Options for Blisterata

Effective management of Blisterata involves a combination of medical treatments and home care strategies. The treatment plan varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Medical Treatments

Topical Treatments: Application of antiseptic creams, antibiotic ointments, or corticosteroid creams to reduce inflammation and prevent infection.

Oral Medications: Prescribing pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics for severe cases involving infection or significant pain.

Dressings and Bandages: Using sterile dressings to protect blisters from further damage and promote healing.

Specialized Therapies: For autoimmune-related Blisterata, immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids may be necessary to control the immune response.

Home Care Strategies

Proper Footwear: Wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes to reduce friction and pressure on the feet.

Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens or irritants that can cause allergic reactions and blisters.

Hygiene Practices: Maintaining good hygiene, including regular washing and drying of the affected area to prevent infection.

Moisturizing: Keeping the skin hydrated with gentle moisturizers to prevent dryness and cracking.

Protective Measures: Using gloves, padding, or other protective gear when engaging in activities that may cause blisters.

Preventing Blisterata

Preventing Blisterata involves adopting preventive measures to minimize the risk of blister formation. Key strategies include:

Wearing Appropriate Clothing: Choosing loose-fitting, breathable fabrics that reduce friction and allow the skin to breathe.

Using Protective Equipment: Employing protective gear, such as gloves or padding, during activities that involve repetitive motions or potential skin damage.

Gradual Conditioning: Gradually increasing the intensity of physical activities to allow the skin to adapt and build resistance to friction.

Skin Care Routine: Maintaining a regular skin care routine that includes moisturizing and protecting the skin from extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many cases of Blisterata can be managed with home care, it is important to seek medical attention if:

Blisters are Severe or Widespread: Extensive blistering or severe pain may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires medical intervention.

Signs of Infection: Redness, warmth, pus, or an unpleasant odor around the blisters suggest infection, necessitating prompt medical treatment.

Persistent Symptoms: Blisters that do not heal or frequently recur should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.

Conclusion

Blisterata, though often painful and uncomfortable, can be effectively managed with a combination of medical treatments and preventive measures. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of blister formation and ensure prompt and appropriate care when blisters do occur. For more detailed information on managing Blisterata and other dermatological conditions, consulting with healthcare professionals is highly recommended.

[pcosmesis123]

Know your Dermatologist

As we all are aware of the fact; SKIN is the largest organ and most important protective cover of our body. Skin quality varies in every individual with age, sex, occupation, genetics, etc. A person’s skin is very delicate and it reflects one’s image, beauty, and character.

Skin is multilayered microscopically and contains many glands, hair bulbs, pigment cells, immunity cells, healthy bacterial flora, blood vessels, nerves, etc distribution of which varies in all of us. Even a mild alteration in any of these components results in diseases like acne(pimples), fungal infections(Tinea), Hair loss,  cyst formation, excess pigmentation, etc. Hence skincare is of utmost importance for everyone to own soft healthy & glowing skin. One should also be vigilant that your skincare is in hands of a board-certified skin specialist to attain these goals. So one should identify these qualified doctors and know their professional skills to resolve skin-related issues with a holistic approach.

Q Who is a Qualified Dermatologist/Skin specialist?

A- DERMATOLOGIST is a board-certified specialist doctor who treats all kinds of diseases of the skin, hair, nails, oral and genital mucosa disorders in children, adults as well as old age people.

Dermatologists have extensive training in Medical College for more than 12+ years(MBBS – 5.5 years, Postgraduate degree course of 3 years +1Year of Senior Residency)

After successfully completing Post-graduation, a dermatologist gets Registration no. of State Medical Council / Medical Council of India and becomes BOARD-CERTIFIED. Hence, people need to always look for State Medical Council Registration Number for identifying a qualified doctor and avoid treatment from quacks.

BOARD CERTIFICATION from the IADVL (INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF DERMATOLOGIST, VENEREOLOGIST, AND LEPROLOGIST) & STATE MEDICAL COUNCIL makes you aware of receiving apt treatment care from a specialist who has received the most rigorous education, training, and experience in the field.

There are various kinds of boards and other certifications which do not reflect the same level of training and expertise. Hence, it is important that the board certification is from one of these well-renowned organizations.

Q -WHAT DOES A DERMATOLOGIST TREAT?

A- Dermatologist can diagnose and treat more than 3000 types of skin, hair, nail diseases as well as aesthetic (cosmetic) issues.

Q -WHAT ARE THE COMMON AGE GROUPS TREATED BY DERMATOLOGISTS?

A -Newborn to old age –any age group suffering from skin-related issues can be managed by a Dermatologist.

OLD AGE SKINCARE:

Dry skin, itching, fungal infections( ringworm), stasis eczema, varicose ulcers, bedsores, etc.

STASIS ECZEMA

PEDIATRIC SKIN DISEASES: Atopic dermatitis, dry skin, bacterial and viral infections(impetigo, chickenpox), insect bites.

Q –What are the types of skin-related issues Dermatologists treat?

A– A Dermatologist treats a wide spectrum of

A)Skin diseases like- Tinea(Ringworm), Herpes, Pimples(acne), psoriasis, vitiligo, skin cancers, warts

HERPES ZOSTER

PSORIASIS

NON HEALING WOUND – Regular dressings, PRP treatment, daycare surgical treatment, etc.

SKIN CANCER TREATMENT

Depending on the stage of cancer, type, depth, the spread of cancer, etc. medical or surgical treatment is advised.

VITILIGO

PHOTOTHERAPY FOR VITILIGO

B) HAIR DISEASES– hair loss, dandruff, dull grey lusterless hair.

C) NAIL DISEASES– Fungal infection (paronychia), ingrown toe nail, etc

D) Oral and genital mucosa diseases – lichen planus, candidiasis, vaginal or penile discharge, STD’s, etc.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES(STD)

E) Dermatologist also treats various kinds of immune-related skin disorders( Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid), congenital skin diseases, genetic skin diseases, etc.

PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS

Dermatologists perform DIAGNOSTIC SKIN BIOPSIES to identify or confirm skin diseases and to check the progression of the disease.

Dermatologists are also experts in COSMETOLOGISTS and also provide cosmetic treatment for

Ugly looking acne scars, keloid, scars due to injury, burns, surgery, etc.

Removal of moles, corns, viral warts, skin tags, etc.

aging skin(wrinkles), saggy skin over the face, arms, tummy, etc.- Botox or Thread lift treatment

Chemical peel treatment for acne scars

Micro-needling, RF Ablation for acne scars

Derma roller, PRP treatment – acne scars, burns scars, Hair loss treatment

Hair Transplant

Stretch marks on the body

Tattoo removal

Laser treatment for unwanted hair growth, scars, tattoos, pigmentation, etc

Fat Grafting & Fat Reduction

Micropigmentation treatment

Hydra facial/ Microdermabrasion/ vampire facial- for instant skin glow for meetings, social gatherings, etc.

Microblading to increase the volume of eyebrows

1)SCAR TREATMENT

TREATMENT FOR HYPERTROPHIC SCARS/KELOIDS- injections, silicon ointments/sheets, removal-depending on the site, size, duration, symptoms of keloids

          BURNS SCARS TREATMENT-Depends on degree, site, duration of burns

2) REMOVAL OF SKIN TAGS/CORN/WARTS/SMALL SPOTS ON FACE OR ANY OTHER BODY PART

e.g. ELECTROCAUTERIZATION OF SMALL DARK SPOTS

3) SEBACEOUS CYST- glands (sebaceous) getting blocked forming fluid-filled cavity can be removed.

4) LIPOMA REMOVAL- Fat bumps/lumps on the body(lipoma)  can be removed with scarless surgery

5) HAIR TRANSPLANT

6)TATTOO REMOVAL- BY LASERS OR SURGERY

7) LASER HAIR REMOVAL- For unwanted hairs in face/ axilla esp. in hirsutism, beard trimming, bikini line, aesthetic genital area, etc.

Removal of stretch marks post-pregnancy or post-weight gain

8) CHEMICAL PEEL-FOR ACNE SCARS

9) DERMAROLLERS- FOR ACNE scars, post-burn scars

10) FILLERS –FACIAL REJUVENATION TREATMENT

11) AUTOFATGRAFTING FOR ACNE PITS/SCARS

12) BOTOX TREATMENT- FOR WRINKLES ON THE FACE

13) PRP TREATMENT- FOR HAIR LOSS/ACNE SCARS

14) VITILIGO TREATMENT- Depending on the stage of vitiligo, site, size, duration, etc.

15) HYDRAFACIAL/MICRODERMABRASION- SKIN GLOW TREATMENT

16) MICROBLADING– To increase the volume of thin eyebrows

These are some common DAYCARE treatment procedures done by dermatologists. Following a proper course of treatment and regular follow-ups is an essential part of the treatment to gain the best results. Some cosmetic treatment procedures may need multiple sessions over a few days/weeks to get visible results. Hence patients need to follow the post-procedure treatment protocol and precautions as advised.

For Best Results, consult with our BOARD CERTIFIED DERMATOLOGIST AND COSMETOLOGIST Dr. DHANYATA GHUBADE (IADVL MEMBER) @ PRISTINE CENTRE.CONTACT-9137792915

[timesnest]

Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment Market Size, Share, Trends and Analysis 2020 to 2026| Pfizer, Aqua Pharmaceuticals, Sirius Laboratories – re:Jerusalem

[thesittingduck]

lasix oral 40 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions &Warnings

Drug Online

lasix 40 mg Generic drug of the therapeutic class: Urology-nephrology active ingredients: Furosemide

What is lasix?

This medicine is indicated in the treatment:

oedemas of cardiac or renal origin,

oedemas of hepatic origin, most often in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic,

of high blood pressure.

What is Lasix 40 mg used for and indication?

40 mg and 20 mg tablets, 10 mg / ml oral solution and 60 mg LP capsule:

Edema of cardiac or renal origin.

Edema of hepatic origin, most often in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic.

40mg and 20mg tablets:

Hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure, in case of contraindication to thiazide diuretics (especially when the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml / min).

10 mg / ml oral solution and 60 mg LP capsule:

Hypertension.

lasix dosage

Oral way.

Use only the dosing pipette attached to the bottle of lasix oral solution. It can take up to a maximum of 2 ml of oral solution (20 mg furosemide).

The dose to be administered is adaptable to the nearest 0,1 ml (that is to the nearest 1 mg) thanks to graduations that go from 0,1 ml in 0,1 ml.

lasix oral solution can be diluted in half a glass of water, or in a small amount of milk from the bottle.

The dosage is adapted according to the indication and the severity of the affection.

Adult

Hypertension :

The recommended starting dose is 20 mg furosemide daily (in the morning).

In case of insufficient efficiency, one can:

· Increase doses to 40 mg,

· Combine another antihypertensive drug.

The dosage of furosemide may be increased beyond 40 mg in case of impaired renal function.

Edema of cardiac, renal or hepatic origin :

The usual dosage is 20 mg (2 ml) to 80 mg (8 ml) daily, divided into 2 doses.

Child and infant

The daily dosage is 1 to 2 mg / kg of body weight, ie 0.5 ml to 1 ml of solution for 5 kg, divided into 1 to 2 doses.

How it works lasix

DIURETIC OF ANSE , ATC Code: C03CA01 .

Salidiuretic action

At the usual therapeutic doses, furosemide acts mainly in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop where it inhibits the reabsorption of chlorine and, consequently, sodium. It has an accessory action at the level of the proximal tube and the dilution segment.

It increases the renal blood flow in favor of the cortical area. This property is of particular interest in case of association with betablockers which may have the opposite effect.

It does not alter glomerular filtration (an increase in glomerular filtration has been demonstrated under certain circumstances). The salidiuretic action increases in proportion to the doses administered and persists in case of renal insufficiency.

Antihypertensive action and other actions

It has a haemodynamic action characterized by the decrease of the pulmonary capillary pressure even before the appearance of any diuresis, and by the increase of the capacity of storage of the vascular vascular bed demonstrated by plethysmography (these properties were more particularly studied by IV).

Furosemide treats all forms of water-soluble retention with a dose proportional response. Furosemide has an antihypertensive action that results from both sodium depletion and hemodynamic action.

lasix Side Effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Occurrence frequencies may sometimes be determined for adverse effects and are defined as indicated below. An adverse effect is said:

· Very common when it occurs in more than 1 in 10 patients

· Common when it occurs in less than 1 in 10 patients

· Uncommon when it occurs in less than one in 100 patients

· Rare when it appears at least dun in 1000

· Very rare when it occurs in less than one in 10,000 patients

The following side effects may occur:

· Formation of blood clots in a blood vessel especially in the elderly.

· In an indeterminate number of patients, retention of urine in the bladder in case of blockage of urine flow (urinary tract obstruction).

· In case of severe liver disease (liver failure), possibility of frequent occurrence of brain disorders (hepatic encephalopathy).

· Uncommon cases of allergic or non allergic skin reactions, itching associated or not with the appearance of raised spots on the skin, such as stinging of nettles (urticaria), bullous reactions, bullous pemphigoid (Skin condition characterized by the presence of bubbles), Uncommonly exaggerated reaction of the skin after exposure to the sun and UV (photosensitization), redness on the skin and mucous membranes (erythema multiforme), and in an indeterminate number of patients bubble eruption with detachment of the skin that can rapidly spread throughout the body and endanger the patient (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell syndrome), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (PEAG ) (acute febrile rash due to the drug) and a drug hypersensitivity reaction manifested by a generalized rash, high fever, disorders of the blood elements (increased number of certain white blood cells) and possibly liver, kidney, lung and heart disease (syndrome). of DRESS).

· Other signs of allergic reactions: rarely, fever, increase of certain white blood cells (hypereosinophilia), potentially serious allergic reactions, especially sudden malaise with significant drop in blood pressure, rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing (anaphylactic and / or anaphylactoid reactions) ).

· Uncommonly, small red-purple spots on the skin (purpura), rarely inflammation and alteration of the blood vessels (vasculitis).

· Rarely, tingling (paresthesia).

· Digestive disorders such as, infrequently, nausea, and rarely, vomiting and diarrhea.

· Very rarely, liver or pancreas damage.

· Rarely, kidney damage (interstitial nephropathy).

· Uncommonly, impaired hearing especially in people who have kidney disease (kidney failure or nephrotic syndrome), or who also use some antibiotic drugs including aminoglycoside family. Infrequently, cases of deafness (which may be irreversible) have been reported.

· Visible changes during a blood test may appear:

Frequent decrease in the amount of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia).

Frequent decrease in the amount of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia).

A very frequent decrease in the total volume of blood in the body (hypovolemia) with a significant drop in blood pressure during the transition from sitting to standing, which may be accompanied by vertigo and / or malaise (orthostatic hypotension).

 A decrease in the number of white blood cells (neutropenia in rare cases, agranulocytosis in very rare cases), a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (bone marrow failure in very rare cases), in some cases uncommon decreased platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia).

A frequent discreet increase in the level of uric acid in the blood (uricemia) that can cause a gout attack.

Increased blood urea in an indeterminate number of patients.

A very frequent increase in creatinine in the blood.

A very frequent increase in fats (triglycerides) and frequent cholesterol in the blood.

An increase in the blood sugar level.

Very frequent changes in the amount of minerals and water in your body that can lead to dehydration.

A decrease in blood potassium associated with a decrease in blood chloride and acid-base disorder as well as an increase in aldosterone secretion (pseudo-Bartter syndrome) in an indeterminate number of patients,

· In an undetermined number of very premature infants, cases of calcium salt deposits in the kidneys (renal calcifications) have been observed during treatment with high doses of injectable furosemide.

· Not known: acceleration or intensification of an inflammatory disease including skin (systemic lupus erythematosus), dizziness, fainting and unconsciousness headache, severe dizziness of the muscles (often in a context of significant reduction of potassium in the blood)

lasix Interactions

Hypokalaemic drugs

Hypokalemia is a factor favoring the development of cardiac arrhythmias (torsades de pointes, in particular) and increasing the toxicity of certain drugs, for example digoxin. As a result, medications that can lead to hypokalemia are involved in a large number of interactions. These are hypokalaemic diuretics, alone or in combination, stimulant laxatives, glucocorticoids, tetracosactide and amphotericin B (route IV).

Hyponatraemic drugs

Some drugs are more frequently involved in the occurrence of hyponatremia. These are diuretics, desmopressin, antidepressants inhibiting reuptake of serotonin, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. The combination of these drugs increases the risk of hyponatremia.

Ototoxic drugs

Joint use of drugs with ototoxicity increases the risk of cochleobuccal involvement. If such an association is needed, the monitoring of the auditory function should be strengthened.

The drugs involved include glycopeptides such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, aminoglycosides, organoplatin and loop diuretics.

Associations advised against

Lithium

Increased lithemia with signs of overdose, such as during a deodorized diet (decreased urinary excretion of lithium). If the combination can not be avoided, strict monitoring of lithemia and adaptation of the lithium dosage.

Associations subject to precautions for use

  Acetylsalicylic acid for anti-inflammatory doses of acetylsalicylic acid (≥ 1 g per dose and / or ≥ 3 g per day) or for analgesic or antipyretic doses (≥ 500 mg per dose and / or <3 g per day)

Acute renal failure in the dehydrated patient by reduction of glomerular filtration secondary to a decrease in renal prostaglandin synthesis. Moreover, reduction of the antihypertensive effect.

To moisturize the patient; Look at the kidney function at the start of the treatment.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Acute renal failure in the patient at risk (elderly and / or dehydrated) by reduction of glomerular filtration (inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandins due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Moreover, reduction of the antihypertensive effect.

Hydrate the patient and monitor kidney function at the beginning of treatment.

 Other hypokalaemic agents

Increased risk of hypokalemia. Monitoring of the serum potassium with correction if necessary.

Digital

Hypokalemia favoring the toxic effects of digitalis. Correct any hypokalemia beforehand and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

 Potassium sparing diuretics, alone or in combination (amiloride, potassium canrenoate, eplerenone, spironolactone, triamterene)

The rational combination, useful for some patients, does not exclude the occurrence of hypokalemia or, especially in the renal failure and the diabetic, hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium, possibly ECG, and if appropriate, reconsider treatment.

 Aminoglycosides

Increased nephrotoxic and ototoxic risks of aminoglycosides (functional renal failure related to dehydration caused by diuretics).

Possible association under monitoring of the state of hydration and renal and cochleo-vestibular functions and possibly plasma concentrations of aminoglycoside.

Phenytoin (and, by extrapolation, fosphenytoin)

Decreased diuretic effect up to 50%. May use higher doses of furosemide.

Carbamazepine

Risk of symptomatic hyponatremia. Clinical and biological surveillance. If possible, use another class of diuretics.

 ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Risk of sudden hypotension and / or acute renal failure when initiating or increasing the dose of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist in pre-existing water-soluble depletion.

In arterial hypertension , when previous diuretic therapy may have resulted in sodium depletion, the following should be done:

 Stop the diuretic for 3 days before starting treatment with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist and reintroduce a hypokalaemic diuretic if necessary later

 Give reduced initial doses of ACE inhibitors or the angiotensin II antagonist and gradually increase the dosage.

In congestive heart failure treated with diuretics , start with a very low dose of ACE, possibly after a dose reduction of the associated hypokalaemic diuretic.

In all cases , monitor renal function (serum creatinine) in the first few weeks of treatment with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists.

+        Drugs that may give torsades de pointes: class Ia antiarrhythmics (quinidine, hydroquinidine, disopyramide) and class III (amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide), certain phenothiazine neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, cyamemazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, pipotiazine), benzamides (amisulpride, sulpiride, sultopride, tiapride), butyrophenones (droperidol, haloperidol, pipamrenone), other neuroleptics (pimozide, sertindole, flupentixol, zuclopenthixole), others: bepridil, cisapride, diphemanil, dolasetron IV, dronedarone, spiramycin IV, erythromycin IV , mizolastine, levofloxacin, halofantrine, lumefantrine, pentamidine, vincamine IV, moxifloxacin, mequitazine, methadone, pracalopride, toremifene, arsenious, citalopram, escitalopram, …

Higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias, especially torsades de pointes. Correct all hypokalemia before administering the product and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

 Metformin

Lactic acidosis due to metformin, triggered by a possible functional renal failure related to diuretics and more particularly to diuretics of the loop. Do not use metformin when serum creatinine exceeds 15 mg / l (135 μmol / l) in men and 12 mg / l (110 μmol / l) in women.

 Iodinated contrast media

In case of dehydration caused by diuretics, increased risk of acute functional renal failure, especially when using large doses of iodinated contrast media. Rehydration before administration of the iodized product.

Baclofen

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic. Blood pressure monitoring and dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive if necessary.

Associations to consider

 Ciclosporin

Risk of increased serum creatinine without change in ciclosporin blood concentrations, even in the absence of water-soluble depletion. Also, risk of hyperuricemia and complications like gout.

 Neuroleptics

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

 Imipraminic antidepressants

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

Amifostine

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

 Urologic blockers: alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin

Increase of the hypotensive effect. Risk of increased orthostatic hypotension.

 Alpha Blocker Antihypertensives

Increase of the hypotensive effect. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

 Organoplatins

Risk of addition of ototoxic and / or nephrotoxic effects.

Nitrate and related derivatives

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

lasix Warnings and Precautions

Special warnings

With lithium, the combination is not recommended .

By accidental intake of furosemide, hypovolemia with dehydration may occur .

In patients with hepatocellular insufficiency, treatment should be carried out with caution under strict hydroelectrolytic monitoring, given the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (see Precautions for use). The interruption of the treatment must then be immediate.

Taking furosemide in case of partial obstruction of the urinary tract may expose patients to urinary retention. Close monitoring of diuresis should therefore be initiated, particularly at the beginning of treatment with furosemide.

Furosemide is a sulfonamide. The possibility of cross-sensitization with other sulfonamides, especially antibacterials, remains theoretical and not validated clinically.

Cases of photosensitivity reactions have been reported with furosemide .

If photosensitivity reactions occur during treatment, it is recommended to stop the treatment. If re-administration of the treatment is essential, it is recommended to protect areas exposed to the sun or artificial UVA.

This drug contains sorbitol. Its use is not recommended in patients with fructose intolerance (rare hereditary disease).

This medicine contains “parahydroxybenzoate” and may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed).

This medicine contains an azo coloring agent (E110: orange-yellow S) and may cause allergic reactions.

Precautions for use

Furosemide treatment requires special monitoring and dose adjustment for patients with:

· Hypotension, especially in patients at risk of cerebral dischemia, coronary artery disease or other circulatory insufficiency,

· Hepatorenal syndrome (renal failure associated with severe hepatic impairment),

· Hypoproteinemia, especially in case of nephrotic syndrome: possible reduction of the effects of furosemide and potentiation of adverse effects, in particular of lototoxicity.

Symptomatic hypotension causing dizziness, fainting, or loss of consciousness may occur in some patients treated with furosemide, particularly in elderly patients, patients taking other treatments that may cause hypotension, and in patients with other medical conditions that may cause hypotension.

Hydroelectrolytic balance:

· Natremia:

It must be checked before treatment is started, and then regularly thereafter. Any diuretic treatment can indeed cause hyponatremia, with sometimes serious consequences.

Since the decline in serum sodium may initially be asymptomatic, regular monitoring is therefore essential and should be even more frequent in the at-risk populations represented by the elderly, a fortiori undernourished, and cirrhotic.

· Kaliemia:

Potassium depletion with hypokalemia is the major risk of loop diuretics. The risk of hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol / l) must be prevented in certain at-risk populations represented by elderly and / or malnourished and / or polymedicated patients, cirrhotic patients with edema and ascites, coronary insufficient heart. Hypokalemia increases the cardiac toxicity of digitalis and the risk of rhythm disorders. In patients with a long QT gap at the ECG of congenital or drug origin, hypokalemia promotes the occurrence of severe rhythm disorders, particularly torsades de pointes, which are potentially fatal, especially in the presence of bradycardia. In all cases, more frequent controls of serum potassium are needed.

· Blood glucose:

The hyperglycemic effect is modest. Blood glucose control will be strengthened in diabetics and pre-diabetics.

· Uricemia:

Furosemide-induced hydrosoduced depletion reduces the urinary excretion of uric acid. In hyperuricemic patients, the tendency to gout can be increased. It should be careful in the gouty.

· Creatininemia:

Regular control of serum creatinine is generally recommended during treatment with furosemide.

Close monitoring of patients at risk of significant hydroelectrolytic disorders (vomiting, diarrhea, hypersudation,). Dehydration, hypovolemia or acid-base imbalance requires corrective treatment and may result in temporary discontinuation of therapy.

Concomitant use with risperidone:

In placebo-controlled trials with risperidone in demented elderly patients, a higher incidence of mortality was observed in patients treated with furosemide plus risperidone (7.3%, mean age 89 years, range 75-97 years). compared to patients treated with risperidone alone (3.1%, mean age 84 years, range 70-96 years) or furosemide alone (4.1%, mean age 80 years, range 67-90 years).

The concomitant use of risperidone with other diuretics (mainly low-dose thiazide diuretics) has not been associated with similar findings.

No pathophysiological mechanism was identified to explain this effect, and no consistent pattern of death was observed.

However, caution is necessary and the benefit / risk ratio of this combination or concomitant treatment with other potent diuretics should be considered prior to any use decision.

No increase in mortality has been observed in patients taking other diuretics as concomitant treatment with risperidone. Regardless of the treatment, dehydration is a risk factor for mortality and should be carefully avoided in elderly patients with dementia .

Lexacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus is possible.

Sportsmen :

The attention of athletes will be drawn to the fact that this specialty contains an active ingredient that can induce a positive reaction of the tests performed during doping controls.

Newborns and premature babies :

In neonates and premature infants, prolonged use of high-dose furosemide with a risk of nephrocalcinosis and / or intra-renal lithiasis, it is advisable to carry out renal ultrasound surveillance.

This medicine contains 12.3% vol ethanol (alcohol), ie 99 mg per ml, equivalent to 2.4 ml of beer, 1 ml of wine. The use of this drug is dangerous in alcoholic subjects and should be taken into account in pregnant or breastfeeding women, children and high-risk groups such as hepatic insufficiency or epileptics.

This medicine contains sodium. The sodium level is less than 1 mmol per dose, ie “sodium-free”.

lasix and PREGNANCY / BREAST FEEDING / FERTILITY

Pregnancy

Studies in animals have shown a teratogenic effect.

In clinical studies, there are currently no data of sufficient relevance to evaluate a possible malformative effect of furosemide when administered during pregnancy.

In general, furosemide administration should be avoided in pregnant women and should never be prescribed during physiological edema (and therefore not requiring treatment) of pregnancy. Diuretics can, in fact, lead to fœtoplacental ischemia, with a risk of fetal hypotrophy. Fetal growth should be closely monitored. Diuretics (in oral form) nevertheless remain an essential part of the treatment of edema of cardiac, hepatic and renal origin occurring in pregnant women.

Breastfeeding

Furosemide is excreted in breast milk. The risk of adverse effects on the newborn can not be excluded. On the other hand, loop diuretics reduce milk secretion and lactation is inhibited from a single 40 mg dose.

Therefore, it is best not to breastfeed if you are taking furosemide.

Tell your doctor immediately.

What is  Forms and Composition lasix?

FORMS and PRESENTATIONS

lasix: Breakable 40 mg tablet:  Box of 30.

Hospital model: Box of 100. Oral solution at 10 mg / ml:   60 ml bottle, with dosing pipette. lasix Low: 20 mg tablet:   Box of 30.Hospital model: Box of 100. lasix Delay: 60 mg prolonged-release capsule:  Box of 30.Hospital model: Box of 100.

COMPOSITION

lasix:

Compressed : p cp furosemide 40 mg

Excipients: maize starch, pregelatinized maize starch, talc, anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium stearate, lactose monohydrate.

Excipient with known effect: lactose.

Drinkable solution : p ml furosemide 10 mg

Excipients: sorbitol, glycerol, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, orange flavor (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, octanal, decanal, linalool, ethanol), orange-yellow S (E110), ethanol 96% , sodium hydroxide, purified water.

Excipients with known effect: yellow orange S (E110), ethanol, parahydroxybenzoate, sorbitol.

Alcohol content: 11.7% v / v.

1 scale of the dosing pipette corresponds to 0.1 ml of solution, ie 1 mg of furosemide.

Low lasix:

Compressed : p cp furosemide 20 mg

Excipients: maize starch, pregelatinized maize starch, lactose monohydrate, talc, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate.

Excipient with known effect: lactose.

lasix Delay:

LP capsule: p capsule furosemide 60 mg

Excipients: sucrose, corn starch, povidone, talc, shellac, stearic acid, aluminum hydroxide. Capsule

shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, indigotine.

Excipient with known effect: sucrose.

NOT’s

Edrug-online contains comprehensive and detailed information about drugs available in the medical field, and is divided into four sections:

general information:

Includes a general description of the drug, its use, brand names, FAQs, and relevant news and articles

Additional information:

General explanation about dealing with the medicine: how to take the medicine, the doses and times of it, the start and duration of its effectiveness, the recommended diet during the period of taking the medicine, the method of storage and storage, recommendations in cases for forgetting the dose and instructions to stop taking the drug and take additional doses.

Special warnings:

For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, boys and drivers, and use before surgery.

Side effects:

It treats possible side effects and drug interactions that require attention and its effect on continuous use.

The information contained in this medicine is based on medical literature, but it is not a substitute for consulting a doctor.

The post lasix oral 40 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions &Warnings appeared first on Drug Online.

from Drug Online https://bit.ly/3g2Kxuy via Edrug Online from faculty of medicine https://bit.ly/2VM26rd via Faculty of Medicine

[colinfitzpatrick]

lasix oral 40 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions &Warnings

Drug Online

lasix 40 mg Generic drug of the therapeutic class: Urology-nephrology active ingredients: Furosemide

What is lasix?

This medicine is indicated in the treatment:

oedemas of cardiac or renal origin,

oedemas of hepatic origin, most often in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic,

of high blood pressure.

What is Lasix 40 mg used for and indication?

40 mg and 20 mg tablets, 10 mg / ml oral solution and 60 mg LP capsule:

Edema of cardiac or renal origin.

Edema of hepatic origin, most often in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic.

40mg and 20mg tablets:

Hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure, in case of contraindication to thiazide diuretics (especially when the creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml / min).

10 mg / ml oral solution and 60 mg LP capsule:

Hypertension.

lasix dosage

Oral way.

Use only the dosing pipette attached to the bottle of lasix oral solution. It can take up to a maximum of 2 ml of oral solution (20 mg furosemide).

The dose to be administered is adaptable to the nearest 0,1 ml (that is to the nearest 1 mg) thanks to graduations that go from 0,1 ml in 0,1 ml.

lasix oral solution can be diluted in half a glass of water, or in a small amount of milk from the bottle.

The dosage is adapted according to the indication and the severity of the affection.

Adult

Hypertension :

The recommended starting dose is 20 mg furosemide daily (in the morning).

In case of insufficient efficiency, one can:

· Increase doses to 40 mg,

· Combine another antihypertensive drug.

The dosage of furosemide may be increased beyond 40 mg in case of impaired renal function.

Edema of cardiac, renal or hepatic origin :

The usual dosage is 20 mg (2 ml) to 80 mg (8 ml) daily, divided into 2 doses.

Child and infant

The daily dosage is 1 to 2 mg / kg of body weight, ie 0.5 ml to 1 ml of solution for 5 kg, divided into 1 to 2 doses.

How it works lasix

DIURETIC OF ANSE , ATC Code: C03CA01 .

Salidiuretic action

At the usual therapeutic doses, furosemide acts mainly in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop where it inhibits the reabsorption of chlorine and, consequently, sodium. It has an accessory action at the level of the proximal tube and the dilution segment.

It increases the renal blood flow in favor of the cortical area. This property is of particular interest in case of association with betablockers which may have the opposite effect.

It does not alter glomerular filtration (an increase in glomerular filtration has been demonstrated under certain circumstances). The salidiuretic action increases in proportion to the doses administered and persists in case of renal insufficiency.

Antihypertensive action and other actions

It has a haemodynamic action characterized by the decrease of the pulmonary capillary pressure even before the appearance of any diuresis, and by the increase of the capacity of storage of the vascular vascular bed demonstrated by plethysmography (these properties were more particularly studied by IV).

Furosemide treats all forms of water-soluble retention with a dose proportional response. Furosemide has an antihypertensive action that results from both sodium depletion and hemodynamic action.

lasix Side Effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Occurrence frequencies may sometimes be determined for adverse effects and are defined as indicated below. An adverse effect is said:

· Very common when it occurs in more than 1 in 10 patients

· Common when it occurs in less than 1 in 10 patients

· Uncommon when it occurs in less than one in 100 patients

· Rare when it appears at least dun in 1000

· Very rare when it occurs in less than one in 10,000 patients

The following side effects may occur:

· Formation of blood clots in a blood vessel especially in the elderly.

· In an indeterminate number of patients, retention of urine in the bladder in case of blockage of urine flow (urinary tract obstruction).

· In case of severe liver disease (liver failure), possibility of frequent occurrence of brain disorders (hepatic encephalopathy).

· Uncommon cases of allergic or non allergic skin reactions, itching associated or not with the appearance of raised spots on the skin, such as stinging of nettles (urticaria), bullous reactions, bullous pemphigoid (Skin condition characterized by the presence of bubbles), Uncommonly exaggerated reaction of the skin after exposure to the sun and UV (photosensitization), redness on the skin and mucous membranes (erythema multiforme), and in an indeterminate number of patients bubble eruption with detachment of the skin that can rapidly spread throughout the body and endanger the patient (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell syndrome), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (PEAG ) (acute febrile rash due to the drug) and a drug hypersensitivity reaction manifested by a generalized rash, high fever, disorders of the blood elements (increased number of certain white blood cells) and possibly liver, kidney, lung and heart disease (syndrome). of DRESS).

· Other signs of allergic reactions: rarely, fever, increase of certain white blood cells (hypereosinophilia), potentially serious allergic reactions, especially sudden malaise with significant drop in blood pressure, rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing (anaphylactic and / or anaphylactoid reactions) ).

· Uncommonly, small red-purple spots on the skin (purpura), rarely inflammation and alteration of the blood vessels (vasculitis).

· Rarely, tingling (paresthesia).

· Digestive disorders such as, infrequently, nausea, and rarely, vomiting and diarrhea.

· Very rarely, liver or pancreas damage.

· Rarely, kidney damage (interstitial nephropathy).

· Uncommonly, impaired hearing especially in people who have kidney disease (kidney failure or nephrotic syndrome), or who also use some antibiotic drugs including aminoglycoside family. Infrequently, cases of deafness (which may be irreversible) have been reported.

· Visible changes during a blood test may appear:

Frequent decrease in the amount of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia).

Frequent decrease in the amount of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia).

A very frequent decrease in the total volume of blood in the body (hypovolemia) with a significant drop in blood pressure during the transition from sitting to standing, which may be accompanied by vertigo and / or malaise (orthostatic hypotension).

 A decrease in the number of white blood cells (neutropenia in rare cases, agranulocytosis in very rare cases), a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (bone marrow failure in very rare cases), in some cases uncommon decreased platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia).

A frequent discreet increase in the level of uric acid in the blood (uricemia) that can cause a gout attack.

Increased blood urea in an indeterminate number of patients.

A very frequent increase in creatinine in the blood.

A very frequent increase in fats (triglycerides) and frequent cholesterol in the blood.

An increase in the blood sugar level.

Very frequent changes in the amount of minerals and water in your body that can lead to dehydration.

A decrease in blood potassium associated with a decrease in blood chloride and acid-base disorder as well as an increase in aldosterone secretion (pseudo-Bartter syndrome) in an indeterminate number of patients,

· In an undetermined number of very premature infants, cases of calcium salt deposits in the kidneys (renal calcifications) have been observed during treatment with high doses of injectable furosemide.

· Not known: acceleration or intensification of an inflammatory disease including skin (systemic lupus erythematosus), dizziness, fainting and unconsciousness headache, severe dizziness of the muscles (often in a context of significant reduction of potassium in the blood)

lasix Interactions

Hypokalaemic drugs

Hypokalemia is a factor favoring the development of cardiac arrhythmias (torsades de pointes, in particular) and increasing the toxicity of certain drugs, for example digoxin. As a result, medications that can lead to hypokalemia are involved in a large number of interactions. These are hypokalaemic diuretics, alone or in combination, stimulant laxatives, glucocorticoids, tetracosactide and amphotericin B (route IV).

Hyponatraemic drugs

Some drugs are more frequently involved in the occurrence of hyponatremia. These are diuretics, desmopressin, antidepressants inhibiting reuptake of serotonin, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. The combination of these drugs increases the risk of hyponatremia.

Ototoxic drugs

Joint use of drugs with ototoxicity increases the risk of cochleobuccal involvement. If such an association is needed, the monitoring of the auditory function should be strengthened.

The drugs involved include glycopeptides such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, aminoglycosides, organoplatin and loop diuretics.

Associations advised against

Lithium

Increased lithemia with signs of overdose, such as during a deodorized diet (decreased urinary excretion of lithium). If the combination can not be avoided, strict monitoring of lithemia and adaptation of the lithium dosage.

Associations subject to precautions for use

  Acetylsalicylic acid for anti-inflammatory doses of acetylsalicylic acid (≥ 1 g per dose and / or ≥ 3 g per day) or for analgesic or antipyretic doses (≥ 500 mg per dose and / or <3 g per day)

Acute renal failure in the dehydrated patient by reduction of glomerular filtration secondary to a decrease in renal prostaglandin synthesis. Moreover, reduction of the antihypertensive effect.

To moisturize the patient; Look at the kidney function at the start of the treatment.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Acute renal failure in the patient at risk (elderly and / or dehydrated) by reduction of glomerular filtration (inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandins due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Moreover, reduction of the antihypertensive effect.

Hydrate the patient and monitor kidney function at the beginning of treatment.

 Other hypokalaemic agents

Increased risk of hypokalemia. Monitoring of the serum potassium with correction if necessary.

Digital

Hypokalemia favoring the toxic effects of digitalis. Correct any hypokalemia beforehand and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

 Potassium sparing diuretics, alone or in combination (amiloride, potassium canrenoate, eplerenone, spironolactone, triamterene)

The rational combination, useful for some patients, does not exclude the occurrence of hypokalemia or, especially in the renal failure and the diabetic, hyperkalemia. Monitor serum potassium, possibly ECG, and if appropriate, reconsider treatment.

 Aminoglycosides

Increased nephrotoxic and ototoxic risks of aminoglycosides (functional renal failure related to dehydration caused by diuretics).

Possible association under monitoring of the state of hydration and renal and cochleo-vestibular functions and possibly plasma concentrations of aminoglycoside.

Phenytoin (and, by extrapolation, fosphenytoin)

Decreased diuretic effect up to 50%. May use higher doses of furosemide.

Carbamazepine

Risk of symptomatic hyponatremia. Clinical and biological surveillance. If possible, use another class of diuretics.

 ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Risk of sudden hypotension and / or acute renal failure when initiating or increasing the dose of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist in pre-existing water-soluble depletion.

In arterial hypertension , when previous diuretic therapy may have resulted in sodium depletion, the following should be done:

 Stop the diuretic for 3 days before starting treatment with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist and reintroduce a hypokalaemic diuretic if necessary later

 Give reduced initial doses of ACE inhibitors or the angiotensin II antagonist and gradually increase the dosage.

In congestive heart failure treated with diuretics , start with a very low dose of ACE, possibly after a dose reduction of the associated hypokalaemic diuretic.

In all cases , monitor renal function (serum creatinine) in the first few weeks of treatment with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists.

+        Drugs that may give torsades de pointes: class Ia antiarrhythmics (quinidine, hydroquinidine, disopyramide) and class III (amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide), certain phenothiazine neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, cyamemazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, pipotiazine), benzamides (amisulpride, sulpiride, sultopride, tiapride), butyrophenones (droperidol, haloperidol, pipamrenone), other neuroleptics (pimozide, sertindole, flupentixol, zuclopenthixole), others: bepridil, cisapride, diphemanil, dolasetron IV, dronedarone, spiramycin IV, erythromycin IV , mizolastine, levofloxacin, halofantrine, lumefantrine, pentamidine, vincamine IV, moxifloxacin, mequitazine, methadone, pracalopride, toremifene, arsenious, citalopram, escitalopram, …

Higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias, especially torsades de pointes. Correct all hypokalemia before administering the product and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

 Metformin

Lactic acidosis due to metformin, triggered by a possible functional renal failure related to diuretics and more particularly to diuretics of the loop. Do not use metformin when serum creatinine exceeds 15 mg / l (135 μmol / l) in men and 12 mg / l (110 μmol / l) in women.

 Iodinated contrast media

In case of dehydration caused by diuretics, increased risk of acute functional renal failure, especially when using large doses of iodinated contrast media. Rehydration before administration of the iodized product.

Baclofen

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic. Blood pressure monitoring and dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive if necessary.

Associations to consider

 Ciclosporin

Risk of increased serum creatinine without change in ciclosporin blood concentrations, even in the absence of water-soluble depletion. Also, risk of hyperuricemia and complications like gout.

 Neuroleptics

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

 Imipraminic antidepressants

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

Amifostine

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

 Urologic blockers: alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin

Increase of the hypotensive effect. Risk of increased orthostatic hypotension.

 Alpha Blocker Antihypertensives

Increase of the hypotensive effect. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension.

 Organoplatins

Risk of addition of ototoxic and / or nephrotoxic effects.

Nitrate and related derivatives

Increased risk of hypotension, especially orthostatic.

lasix Warnings and Precautions

Special warnings

With lithium, the combination is not recommended .

By accidental intake of furosemide, hypovolemia with dehydration may occur .

In patients with hepatocellular insufficiency, treatment should be carried out with caution under strict hydroelectrolytic monitoring, given the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (see Precautions for use). The interruption of the treatment must then be immediate.

Taking furosemide in case of partial obstruction of the urinary tract may expose patients to urinary retention. Close monitoring of diuresis should therefore be initiated, particularly at the beginning of treatment with furosemide.

Furosemide is a sulfonamide. The possibility of cross-sensitization with other sulfonamides, especially antibacterials, remains theoretical and not validated clinically.

Cases of photosensitivity reactions have been reported with furosemide .

If photosensitivity reactions occur during treatment, it is recommended to stop the treatment. If re-administration of the treatment is essential, it is recommended to protect areas exposed to the sun or artificial UVA.

This drug contains sorbitol. Its use is not recommended in patients with fructose intolerance (rare hereditary disease).

This medicine contains “parahydroxybenzoate” and may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed).

This medicine contains an azo coloring agent (E110: orange-yellow S) and may cause allergic reactions.

Precautions for use

Furosemide treatment requires special monitoring and dose adjustment for patients with:

· Hypotension, especially in patients at risk of cerebral dischemia, coronary artery disease or other circulatory insufficiency,

· Hepatorenal syndrome (renal failure associated with severe hepatic impairment),

· Hypoproteinemia, especially in case of nephrotic syndrome: possible reduction of the effects of furosemide and potentiation of adverse effects, in particular of lototoxicity.

Symptomatic hypotension causing dizziness, fainting, or loss of consciousness may occur in some patients treated with furosemide, particularly in elderly patients, patients taking other treatments that may cause hypotension, and in patients with other medical conditions that may cause hypotension.

Hydroelectrolytic balance:

· Natremia:

It must be checked before treatment is started, and then regularly thereafter. Any diuretic treatment can indeed cause hyponatremia, with sometimes serious consequences.

Since the decline in serum sodium may initially be asymptomatic, regular monitoring is therefore essential and should be even more frequent in the at-risk populations represented by the elderly, a fortiori undernourished, and cirrhotic.

· Kaliemia:

Potassium depletion with hypokalemia is the major risk of loop diuretics. The risk of hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol / l) must be prevented in certain at-risk populations represented by elderly and / or malnourished and / or polymedicated patients, cirrhotic patients with edema and ascites, coronary insufficient heart. Hypokalemia increases the cardiac toxicity of digitalis and the risk of rhythm disorders. In patients with a long QT gap at the ECG of congenital or drug origin, hypokalemia promotes the occurrence of severe rhythm disorders, particularly torsades de pointes, which are potentially fatal, especially in the presence of bradycardia. In all cases, more frequent controls of serum potassium are needed.

· Blood glucose:

The hyperglycemic effect is modest. Blood glucose control will be strengthened in diabetics and pre-diabetics.

· Uricemia:

Furosemide-induced hydrosoduced depletion reduces the urinary excretion of uric acid. In hyperuricemic patients, the tendency to gout can be increased. It should be careful in the gouty.

· Creatininemia:

Regular control of serum creatinine is generally recommended during treatment with furosemide.

Close monitoring of patients at risk of significant hydroelectrolytic disorders (vomiting, diarrhea, hypersudation,). Dehydration, hypovolemia or acid-base imbalance requires corrective treatment and may result in temporary discontinuation of therapy.

Concomitant use with risperidone:

In placebo-controlled trials with risperidone in demented elderly patients, a higher incidence of mortality was observed in patients treated with furosemide plus risperidone (7.3%, mean age 89 years, range 75-97 years). compared to patients treated with risperidone alone (3.1%, mean age 84 years, range 70-96 years) or furosemide alone (4.1%, mean age 80 years, range 67-90 years).

The concomitant use of risperidone with other diuretics (mainly low-dose thiazide diuretics) has not been associated with similar findings.

No pathophysiological mechanism was identified to explain this effect, and no consistent pattern of death was observed.

However, caution is necessary and the benefit / risk ratio of this combination or concomitant treatment with other potent diuretics should be considered prior to any use decision.

No increase in mortality has been observed in patients taking other diuretics as concomitant treatment with risperidone. Regardless of the treatment, dehydration is a risk factor for mortality and should be carefully avoided in elderly patients with dementia .

Lexacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus is possible.

Sportsmen :

The attention of athletes will be drawn to the fact that this specialty contains an active ingredient that can induce a positive reaction of the tests performed during doping controls.

Newborns and premature babies :

In neonates and premature infants, prolonged use of high-dose furosemide with a risk of nephrocalcinosis and / or intra-renal lithiasis, it is advisable to carry out renal ultrasound surveillance.

This medicine contains 12.3% vol ethanol (alcohol), ie 99 mg per ml, equivalent to 2.4 ml of beer, 1 ml of wine. The use of this drug is dangerous in alcoholic subjects and should be taken into account in pregnant or breastfeeding women, children and high-risk groups such as hepatic insufficiency or epileptics.

This medicine contains sodium. The sodium level is less than 1 mmol per dose, ie “sodium-free”.

lasix and PREGNANCY / BREAST FEEDING / FERTILITY

Pregnancy

Studies in animals have shown a teratogenic effect.

In clinical studies, there are currently no data of sufficient relevance to evaluate a possible malformative effect of furosemide when administered during pregnancy.

In general, furosemide administration should be avoided in pregnant women and should never be prescribed during physiological edema (and therefore not requiring treatment) of pregnancy. Diuretics can, in fact, lead to fœtoplacental ischemia, with a risk of fetal hypotrophy. Fetal growth should be closely monitored. Diuretics (in oral form) nevertheless remain an essential part of the treatment of edema of cardiac, hepatic and renal origin occurring in pregnant women.

Breastfeeding

Furosemide is excreted in breast milk. The risk of adverse effects on the newborn can not be excluded. On the other hand, loop diuretics reduce milk secretion and lactation is inhibited from a single 40 mg dose.

Therefore, it is best not to breastfeed if you are taking furosemide.

Tell your doctor immediately.

What is  Forms and Composition lasix?

FORMS and PRESENTATIONS

lasix: Breakable 40 mg tablet:  Box of 30.

Hospital model: Box of 100. Oral solution at 10 mg / ml:   60 ml bottle, with dosing pipette. lasix Low: 20 mg tablet:   Box of 30.Hospital model: Box of 100. lasix Delay: 60 mg prolonged-release capsule:  Box of 30.Hospital model: Box of 100.

COMPOSITION

lasix:

Compressed : p cp furosemide 40 mg

Excipients: maize starch, pregelatinized maize starch, talc, anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium stearate, lactose monohydrate.

Excipient with known effect: lactose.

Drinkable solution : p ml furosemide 10 mg

Excipients: sorbitol, glycerol, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, orange flavor (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, octanal, decanal, linalool, ethanol), orange-yellow S (E110), ethanol 96% , sodium hydroxide, purified water.

Excipients with known effect: yellow orange S (E110), ethanol, parahydroxybenzoate, sorbitol.

Alcohol content: 11.7% v / v.

1 scale of the dosing pipette corresponds to 0.1 ml of solution, ie 1 mg of furosemide.

Low lasix:

Compressed : p cp furosemide 20 mg

Excipients: maize starch, pregelatinized maize starch, lactose monohydrate, talc, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate.

Excipient with known effect: lactose.

lasix Delay:

LP capsule: p capsule furosemide 60 mg

Excipients: sucrose, corn starch, povidone, talc, shellac, stearic acid, aluminum hydroxide. Capsule

shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, indigotine.

Excipient with known effect: sucrose.

NOT’s

Edrug-online contains comprehensive and detailed information about drugs available in the medical field, and is divided into four sections:

general information:

Includes a general description of the drug, its use, brand names, FAQs, and relevant news and articles

Additional information:

General explanation about dealing with the medicine: how to take the medicine, the doses and times of it, the start and duration of its effectiveness, the recommended diet during the period of taking the medicine, the method of storage and storage, recommendations in cases for forgetting the dose and instructions to stop taking the drug and take additional doses.

Special warnings:

For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, boys and drivers, and use before surgery.

Side effects:

It treats possible side effects and drug interactions that require attention and its effect on continuous use.

The information contained in this medicine is based on medical literature, but it is not a substitute for consulting a doctor.

The post lasix oral 40 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions &Warnings appeared first on Drug Online.

from Drug Online https://bit.ly/3g2Kxuy via Edrug Online

[colinwilson11]

Bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune disorder which causes painful fluid-filled blisters on the skin. It is caused due to the presence of autoantibodies against two cutaneous proteins known as BP180 and BP230. Symptoms include intense itching, redness and swelling around the affected area along with tightness of skin. Currently, oral corticosteroids drugs such as prednisone are used along with immunosuppressants like azathioprine to control disease progression. However, targeted therapies targeting specific components of the immune system have provided promising results.

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Bullous Pemphigoid Epidemiology Forecast to 2030, Market Size, Epidemiology, Leading Companies and Competitive Analysis By DelveInsight

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Bullous Pemphigoid Market Size, Epidemiology, Leading Companies and Competitive Analysis By DelveInsight

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Bullous Pemphigoid Market Size, Epidemiology, Leading Companies and Competitive Analysis By DelveInsight

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Flacort 24mg 10pcs

Indications

Anaphylaxis, asthma, severe hypersensitivity reactions

Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica

Systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease (other than systemic sclerosis), polyarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis

Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, pyoderma gangrenosum

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome, acute interstitial…

[timclymer]

Lupus Erythematosus – Skin Disorders

Hyperthyroidism.

Autoimmune thyroid disease of the hypermetabolic type (Graves disease) is reflected by several visible changes. The skin is soft and moist. Scalp hair is thin in diameter, and evidence of diffuse alopecia may be present. Vitiligo occurs in 5% to 10%, and alopecia areata occurs in 1% or 2% of the patients. Onycholysis of the fingernails is sometimes seen. Late in the course of the disease a few patients develop a specific form of clubbing (thyroid acropachy) or pretibial myxedema. The latter consists of thickened, pebbly, skin-colored plaques over the lower anterior shins. These plaques are usually asymptomatic.

Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus may develop a number of cutaneous changes. The yellow plaques of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum most often located on the anterior shins, are the most distinct of these changes.Small, hypopigmented, slightly depressed scars (diabetic dermopathy) are also often found on the anterior lower legs. These lesions probably represent obliterative small vessel disease in an area prior to trauma. Bullous lesions somewhat similar in appearance to those of pemphigoid may arise from otherwise normal-appearing skin around the feet and ankles. The cause of these blisters is unknown. Eruptive xanthomas consisting of small, smooth, pink, dome-shaped papules may appear in a sudden shower of lesions in those whose diabetes is grossly out of control. Staphylococcal bacterial infections and candidal yeast infections are seen with increased frequency in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is also associated with a variety of other cutaneous and medical conditions.

Neurofibromatosis

The presence of sharply marginated, light brown patches (cafe-au-lait patches) is often the first clue to the presence of von Recklinghausen’s disease. In late childhood or during the teenage years, axillary freckling and cutaneous neurofibromas begin to develop. The latter are soft, smooth-surfaced, peduncuated papules 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. They vary in number from several to hundreds and are distributed randomly over the trunk and extremities. Patients with the most severe forms of neurofibromatosis may develop large, grotesque, sack-like plexiform neuromas. A small proportion of these latter lesions undergo sarcomatous degeneration.

Tuberous Sclerosis

The earliest sign of tuberous sclerosis is generally the presence of small, faint white, oval patches (ash leaf spots) scattered randomly on the trunk and extremities. These lesions may be present at birth or may develop in early childhood. One or more thickened skin-colored plaques (shagreen plaques) may appear on the lower back in late childhood. Towards puberty, pinhead-sized, smooth, red, dome-shaped papules (adenoma sebaceum) beginning to emerge on the central portion of the face. The upper lip is spared. Such lesions are easily mistaken for acne papules. Finally, in adult life, small, firm, skin-colored, subungual or periungual fibromas may be noted.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.

This dominantly inherited condition is characterized by the presence of small brown or blackfreckles that appear in clusters on and around the lips and on the fingertips. These pigmentary changes are accompanied by the development of intestinal polyps. Carcinomatous degeneration of these polyps is not common but does occur.

Osler-Weber-Reudu Syndrome

This dominantly inherited condition, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is characterized by the presence of small, dusky red, clustered manlles on the fingertips, lips, and mucosal surfaces. These macules are composed of multiple telangiectatic vessels that blanch on pressure. Lesions similar to these may also .occur in patients with the CRST (calcification, Raynaud’s phenomenon, scleroderma, and telangiectasia) variant of scleroderma. Patients with this disease have recurrent episodes of epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Arteriovenous fistulae are sometimes present in the lungs and liver.

Source by Robin Kumar Lim

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/lupus-erythematosus-skin-disorders/ via Home Solutions on WordPress from Home Solutions FOREV https://homesolutionsforev.tumblr.com/post/185197755610 via Tim Clymer on Wordpress

[homesolutionsforev]

Lupus Erythematosus – Skin Disorders

Hyperthyroidism.

Autoimmune thyroid disease of the hypermetabolic type (Graves disease) is reflected by several visible changes. The skin is soft and moist. Scalp hair is thin in diameter, and evidence of diffuse alopecia may be present. Vitiligo occurs in 5% to 10%, and alopecia areata occurs in 1% or 2% of the patients. Onycholysis of the fingernails is sometimes seen. Late in the course of the disease a few patients develop a specific form of clubbing (thyroid acropachy) or pretibial myxedema. The latter consists of thickened, pebbly, skin-colored plaques over the lower anterior shins. These plaques are usually asymptomatic.

Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus may develop a number of cutaneous changes. The yellow plaques of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum most often located on the anterior shins, are the most distinct of these changes.Small, hypopigmented, slightly depressed scars (diabetic dermopathy) are also often found on the anterior lower legs. These lesions probably represent obliterative small vessel disease in an area prior to trauma. Bullous lesions somewhat similar in appearance to those of pemphigoid may arise from otherwise normal-appearing skin around the feet and ankles. The cause of these blisters is unknown. Eruptive xanthomas consisting of small, smooth, pink, dome-shaped papules may appear in a sudden shower of lesions in those whose diabetes is grossly out of control. Staphylococcal bacterial infections and candidal yeast infections are seen with increased frequency in diabetic individuals. Diabetes is also associated with a variety of other cutaneous and medical conditions.

Neurofibromatosis

The presence of sharply marginated, light brown patches (cafe-au-lait patches) is often the first clue to the presence of von Recklinghausen's disease. In late childhood or during the teenage years, axillary freckling and cutaneous neurofibromas begin to develop. The latter are soft, smooth-surfaced, peduncuated papules 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. They vary in number from several to hundreds and are distributed randomly over the trunk and extremities. Patients with the most severe forms of neurofibromatosis may develop large, grotesque, sack-like plexiform neuromas. A small proportion of these latter lesions undergo sarcomatous degeneration.

Tuberous Sclerosis

The earliest sign of tuberous sclerosis is generally the presence of small, faint white, oval patches (ash leaf spots) scattered randomly on the trunk and extremities. These lesions may be present at birth or may develop in early childhood. One or more thickened skin-colored plaques (shagreen plaques) may appear on the lower back in late childhood. Towards puberty, pinhead-sized, smooth, red, dome-shaped papules (adenoma sebaceum) beginning to emerge on the central portion of the face. The upper lip is spared. Such lesions are easily mistaken for acne papules. Finally, in adult life, small, firm, skin-colored, subungual or periungual fibromas may be noted.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.

This dominantly inherited condition is characterized by the presence of small brown or blackfreckles that appear in clusters on and around the lips and on the fingertips. These pigmentary changes are accompanied by the development of intestinal polyps. Carcinomatous degeneration of these polyps is not common but does occur.

Osler-Weber-Reudu Syndrome

This dominantly inherited condition, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is characterized by the presence of small, dusky red, clustered manlles on the fingertips, lips, and mucosal surfaces. These macules are composed of multiple telangiectatic vessels that blanch on pressure. Lesions similar to these may also .occur in patients with the CRST (calcification, Raynaud's phenomenon, scleroderma, and telangiectasia) variant of scleroderma. Patients with this disease have recurrent episodes of epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Arteriovenous fistulae are sometimes present in the lungs and liver.

Source by Robin Kumar Lim

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/lupus-erythematosus-skin-disorders/ via Home Solutions on WordPress

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Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment Market Size, Share, Trends and Analysis 2020 to 2026| Pfizer, Aqua Pharmaceuticals, Sirius Laboratories – re:Jerusalem

Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment Market Size, Share, Trends and Analysis 2020 to 2026| Pfizer, Aqua Pharmaceuticals, Sirius Laboratories – re:Jerusalem

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A comprehensive research study on the Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment Market was recently published by Market Report Expert. This is an up-to-date report, covering the current COVID-19 impact on the market. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected every aspect of life globally…

[thesittingduck]

Solupred Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions & Warnings

Drug Online

solupred medicine Generic drug of the therapeutic class: Anti-inflammatory active ingredients: Prednisolone

What is Solupred?

This medication is a corticosteroid.

It is indicated in certain diseases, where it is used for its anti-inflammatory effect.

what is solupred used for and indication ?

what is solupred used for

Conditions or diseases:

Collagenosis, connectivites:

Evolutionary thrusts of systemic diseases, including: systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, polymyositis, visceral sarcoidosis.

Dermatological:

Severe autoimmune bullous dermatoses, especially pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.

Serious forms of angiomas of the infant.

Some forms of lichen plan.

Some acute urticaria.

Severe forms of neutrophilic dermatoses.

Digestives:

Evolutionary thrusts of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Chronic active autoimmune hepatitis (with or without cirrhosis).

Severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, histologically proven.

Endocrine:

Subacute thyroiditis of severe Quervain.

Some hypercalcemia.

Hematologic:

Severe immunological thrombocytopenic purpura.

Autoimmune haemolytic anemias.

In combination with various chemotherapies in the treatment of lymphoid malignant hemopathies.

Chronic erythroblastopenia, acquired or congenital.

Infectious:

Tuberculous pericarditis and severe forms of life-threatening tuberculosis.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with severe hypoxia.

Neoplasms:

Antiemetic treatment during antineoplastic chemotherapy.

Oedematous and inflammatory thrust associated with antineoplastic treatments (radio and chemotherapy).

Nephrological:

Nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions.

Nephrotic syndrome of primitive segmental and focal hyalinoses.

Stages III and IV of lupus nephropathy.

Intrarenal granulomatous sarcoidosis.

Vasculitis with renal involvement.

Primitive extracapillary glomerulonephritis

Neurological:

Gravis.

Cerebral edema of tumoral cause.

Chronic polyradiculoneuropathy, idiopathic, inflammatory.

Infant spasm (West syndrome), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Multiple sclerosis in relapse, in relays of an intravenous corticotherapy.

Ophthalmological:

Uveitis anterior and posterior severe.

Exophthalmos oedematous.

Some optic neuropathies, in reliance on intravenous corticosteroids (in this indication, oral first-line is not recommended).

ENT:

Some serous otitis.

Nasosinus polypsis.

Some acute or chronic sinusitis.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis in short cure.

Stridulous acute laryngitis (subglottic laryngitis) in children.

Respiratory:

Persistent asthma, preferably short-course in case of failure of inhaled treatment in high doses.

Exacerbations of asthma, especially severe acute asthma.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in assessing the reversibility of obstructive syndrome.

Sarcoidosis progressive.

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Rheumatologic:

Rheumatoid arthritis and some polyarthritis.

Rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis and Horton’s disease.

Acute articular rhumatism.

Severe and rebellious cervicobrachial neuralgia.

Organ Transplantation and Hematopoietic Allogeneic Stem Cells:

Prophylaxis or treatment of transplant rejection.

Prophylaxis or treatment of graft-versus-host disease.

Solupred Dosage

Oral way.

Anti-inflammatory equivalence (equipotence) for 5 mg prednisone: 5 mg prednisolone.

The tablets will be dissolved in a glass of water during the meal.

If the calculated weight dose is less than 5 mg per day, a more appropriate dosage is available.

solupred dosage adulte

The dosage varies according to the diagnosis, the severity of the condition, the prognosis, the patient’s response and the tolerance to the treatment.

Attack treatment : 0.35 to 1.2 mg / kg / day. As an indication : 4 to 14 tablets in an adult of 60 kg.

In severe inflammatory diseases , the dosage ranges from 0.75 to 1.2 mg / kg / day. As an indication: 9 to 14 tablets per day for an adult of 60 kg.

The very exceptional situations may require higher doses.

Maintenance treatment: 5 to 15 mg / day, or 1 to 3 tablets a day.

solupred dosage child

The dosage should be appropriate to the condition and weight of the child.

Attack treatment : 0.5 to 2 mg / kg / day. As an indication : 2 to 10 tablets for a child of 25 kg.

Maintenance treatment : 0.25 to 0.5 mg / day. As an indication : 1 to 2 tablets for a child of 25 kg.

The prescription of alternating day corticosteroid therapy (one day without corticosteroid and the second day with a double dosage of the daily dosage that would have been required) is used in children to try to limit stunting.

This alternate day schedule can be considered only after control of inflammatory disease by high doses of corticosteroids, and when during decay no rebound is observed.

IN GENERAL

Treatment at the “attack dose” should be continued until the disease is well controlled. In the case of long-term treatment, the decrease must be slow. Obtaining a weaning is the goal. Maintaining a maintenance dose (minimum effective dose) is a compromise that is sometimes necessary.

For prolonged treatment at high doses, the first doses can be divided into two daily doses. Thereafter, the daily dose may be administered as a single dose preferably in the morning during the meal.

Stop treatment

The rate of withdrawal depends mainly on the duration of treatment, the starting dose and the disease.

The treatment causes resting secretions of ACTH and cortisol with sometimes lasting adrenal insufficiency. When weaning, the stop must be done gradually, in stages, because of the risk of relapse: reduction of 10% every 8 to 15 days on average.

For short courses of less than 10 days, stopping treatment does not require decay.

When decreasing doses (prolonged cure): at the dosage of 5 to 7 mg of prednisone equivalent, when the causal disease no longer requires corticosteroid treatment, it is desirable to replace the synthetic corticoid with 20 mg / day of hydrocortisone until recovery of corticotropic function. If corticosteroid therapy is to be maintained at less than 5 mg prednisone equivalent per day, a small dose of hydrocortisone can be added to achieve a hydrocortisone equivalent of 20 to 30 mg per day. When the patient is only under hydrocortisone, it is possible to test the corticotropic axis by endocrine tests. These tests do not eliminate, alone, the possibility of occurrence of adrenal insufficiency during a stress.

Under hydrocortisone or even at a distance from arrest, the patient should be advised of the need to increase the usual dosage or to resume replacement therapy (eg 100 mg hydrocortisone intramuscularly every 6 to 8 hours) in case stress: surgery, trauma, infection.

How it works Solupred

Pharmacotherapeutic group: GLUCOCORTICOIDES, ATC code: H02AB06.

( H: Non-sexual systemic hormones ).

Physiological glucocorticoids (cortisone and hydrocortisone) are essential metabolic hormones. Synthetic corticosteroids, including this specialty, are used primarily for their anti-inflammatory effect.

In high doses, they reduce the immune response. Their metabolic and sodium retention effect is less than that of hydrocortisone.

Solupred Side Effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

This medicine, essential for your health, is most often well tolerated when you follow the recommendations and especially the diet low in salt, sugar and high protein (see also the paragraph “Warnings and precautions”).

It may nevertheless result, depending on the dose and the duration of the treatment, more or less troublesome effects.

The most common side effects are:

· A modification of some results of your analyzes (salt, sugar, potassium) that may require a diet or a complementary treatment.

· An appearance of bruises.

· Elevated blood pressure, water retention and salt may lead to heart failure.

· Mood disorders (excitement, euphoria), sleep disorders (insomnia).

· A set of disorders called Cushing’s syndrome recognizable by weight gain, swelling and redness of the face, excessive growth of hair.

· Bone fragility (osteoporosis, fractures, vertebral compression in particular).

· Painful disorders of bone at the hip larticulation (osteonecrosis).

Other, much rarer effects have been observed:

· Insufficient production of hormones by the gland located above the kidneys (adrenal gland).

· Stunting in children

· Rule disorders.

· Muscle weakness, tendon rupture especially if SOLUPRED 5 mg, effervescent tablet is associated with certain antibiotics (fluoroquinolones).

· Digestive disorders: digestive ulcer, bleeding and digestive perforations,

· Inflammation of the pancreas especially among child.

· A weakening of the skin, a delay of cicatrization, of lacné.

· Disorientation in time and space (confusion), convulsion, depressive state at the end of treatment.

· Vision problems that may lead to loss of vision: blurred vision, some forms of glaucoma (increased fluid pressure) and cataracts (opacification of the lens), chorioretinopathies (retinal disease).

· Endocrine disorders (hormonal disorders): occurrence of seizures related to the presence of pheochromocytoma (tumor of the adrenal glands) and can put your life in danger.

Reporting of side effects

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This also applies to any side effects that are not mentioned in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system: National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM) and the network of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers – Website: https://bit.ly/2XQbWcQ

By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of the medicine.

Solupred Interactions

Hypokalaemic drugs

Hypokalemia is a factor favoring the development of cardiac arrhythmias (torsades de pointes, in particular) and increasing the toxicity of certain drugs, for example digoxin. As a result, medications that can lead to hypokalemia are involved in a large number of interactions.

These are hypokalaemic diuretics, alone or in combination, stimulant laxatives, glucocorticoids, tetracosactide and amphotericin B (route IV).

Associations advised against

(See section Warnings and precautions for use )

+        Attenuated live vaccines

Risk of widespread, life-threatening vaccine disease.

+        Acetylsalicylic acid

Increased hemorrhagic risk.

Combination not recommended with anti-inflammatory doses of acetylsalicylic acid (≥ 1 g per dose and / or ≥ 3 g daily).

Associations subject to precautions for use

+        Oral anticoagulants

Possible impact of corticosteroid therapy on the metabolism of the oral anticoagulant and that of the coagulation factors. Hemorrhagic risk specific to corticosteroids (digestive mucosa, vascular fragility) in high doses or in prolonged treatment greater than 10 days. When the association is justified, reinforce the monitoring: biological control on the 8th day, then every 15 days during the corticotherapy and after its stop.

+        Other hypokalaemic drugs (diuretics with or without hypokalemia, stimulant laxatives, IV amphotericin B, tetracosactide)

Increased risk of hypokalemia. Monitoring of serum potassium with, if necessary, correction.

+        Enzymatic inducing anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone

Decreased plasma concentrations and corticosteroid efficacy by increased hepatic metabolism by the inducer; the consequences are particularly important for addisoners treated with hydrocortisone and for transplantation. Clinical and biological surveillance; adjustment of corticosteroid dosage during treatment with the inducer and after discontinuation.

+        Digital

Hypokalemia favoring the toxic effects of digitalis. Correct any hypokalemia beforehand and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

+        Insulin, metformin, sulphonylureas

Increased blood glucose with sometimes ketoacidosis by decreasing glucocorticoid tolerance due to corticosteroids. Prevent the patient and strengthen the self-monitoring glycemic and urinary, especially at the beginning of treatment. If necessary, adjust the dosage of the antidiabetic during treatment with corticosteroids and after discontinuation.

+        Isoniazid

Described for prednisolone: ​​decreased plasma concentrations of isoniazid. Invoked mechanism: increased hepatic metabolism of isoniazid and decreased glucocorticoid. Clinical and biological surveillance.

+        Drugs that may give torsades de pointes: class Ia antiarrhythmics (quinidine, hydroquinidine, disopyramide) and class III antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, ibutilide), certain neuroleptics (thioridazine, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, cyamemazine, sulpiride, sultopride) , amisulpride, tiapride, pimozide, haloperidol, droperidol, veralipride), bepridil, cisapride, diphemanil, erythromycin IV, halofantrine, lumefantrine, methadone, mizolastine, moxifloxacin, pentamidine, spiramycin IV, vincamine IV)

Higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias, especially torsades de pointes. Correct all hypokalemia before administering the product and perform clinical, electrolytic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

+        Rifampicin

Decreased plasma concentrations and efficacy of corticosteroids by increasing their hepatic metabolism with rifampicin; the consequences are particularly important for addisoners treated with hydrocortisone and for transplantation. Clinical and biological surveillance; Adjustment of corticosteroid dosage during rifampicin treatment and after discontinuation.

+        Gastrointestinal Topicals, Antacids and Charcoal (described for prednisolone, dexamethasone)

Decreased digestive absorption of glucocorticoids. Take topical gastrointestinal and antacid drugs away from glucocorticoids (more than 2 hours if possible).

Associations to consider

+        Antihypertensives

Decreased antihypertensive effect (water-soluble retention of corticosteroids).

+        Fluoroquinolones

Possible increase in the risk of tendonopathy or even tendon rupture (exceptional), particularly in patients receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

+        Acetylsalicylic acid

Increased hemorrhagic risk.

To be taken into account with analgesic or antipyretic doses (≥ 500 mg per dose and / or <3 g per day).

+        Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Increased risk of ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding.

+        Ciclosporin

Increased effects of prednisolone: ​​Cushingoid appearance, reduced carbohydrate tolerance (decreased clearance of prednisolone).

Solupred Warnings and Precautions

Special warnings

In case of peptic ulcer, corticosteroid therapy is not contraindicated if anti-ulcer treatment is associated.

In the case of an ulcerative history, corticosteroid therapy may be prescribed, with clinical monitoring and, if necessary, after fibroscopy.

Corticosteroid therapy can promote the occurrence of various infectious complications due in particular to bacteria, yeasts and parasites. The occurrence of a malignant yellowing is a significant risk. All subjects from an endemic area (tropical, subtropical, southern Europe) should have parasitological examination of the stool and systematic eradication before corticosteroid therapy.

Evidence of an infection may be masked by corticosteroid therapy.

It is important, before the start of treatment, to rule out any possibility of visceral foci, especially tuberculosis, and to monitor, during treatment, the appearance of infectious pathologies.

In case of old tuberculosis, prophylactic anti-tuberculosis treatment is necessary, if there are significant radiological sequelae and if one can not ensure that a good 6-month rifampicin treatment has been given.

The use of corticosteroids requires particularly appropriate monitoring, especially in elderly patients and in cases of ulcerative colitis (risk of perforation), recent intestinal anastomoses, renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, osteoporosis, myasthenia gravis.

Oral or injectable corticosteroids can promote the appearance of tendonopathy, or even tendon rupture (exceptional). This risk is increased when co-prescribed with fluoroquinolones and in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism or renal transplantation.

This medicinal product is not recommended in combination with a live attenuated vaccine or with anti-inflammatory doses of acetylsalicylic acid.

This medicine contains sucrose. It is not recommended for use in patients with fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.

Precautions for use

In case of long-term corticosteroid treatment:

A diet low in fast-absorbing and high-protein sugars must be associated, because of the hyperglycemic effect and the protein catabolism with negativization of the nitrogen balance.

Hydrosoduced retention is usual, partly responsible for a possible rise in blood pressure. This medicine contains sodium. This medicine contains 1.05 mmol (or 24 mg) of sodium per tablet. To be taken into account in patients on a strict sodium diet.

Sodium intake will be reduced for daily dosages above 15 or 20 mg prednisone equivalent and moderate in long-term low-dose treatments.

Potassium supplementation is warranted only for high-dose, long-term treatment or when there is a risk of rhythm disturbance or combination with hypokalaemic treatment.

The patient must always have a calcium and vitamin D intake.

When corticosteroid therapy is essential, diabetes and high blood pressure are not contraindications, but treatment can lead to imbalance. Their management needs to be re-evaluated.

Patients should avoid contact with individuals with chickenpox or measles.

Attention is drawn to athletes, this specialty containing an active ingredient that can induce a positive reaction tests conducted during anti-doping controls.

Solupred :Drive and use machines

Not applicable.

Solupred and PREGNANCY / BREAST FEEDING / FERTILITY

Pregnancy

This medication will only be used during pregnancy if necessary. If you discover that you are pregnant during treatment, consult your doctor because only he can judge the need to continue this treatment.

feeding

Breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment because of passage into breast milk.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

To be effective, this medicine should be used regularly. However, if you miss a dose, continue the treatment normally.

What happens if I overdose from Solupred ?

Not applicable.

What is  Forms and Composition Solupred ?

FORMS and PRESENTATIONS

Effervescent tablet 5 mg:   Bottle of 30. Effervescent tablet 20 mg:   Bottle of 20. Orodispersible 5 mg tablet:   Box of 30, in blister packs. Hospital model: Box of 50, in blister packs. 20 mg Orodispersible Tablet:  Box of 20, in blister packs. Hospital model: Box of 50, in blister packs. Oral solution 1 mg / ml:   50 ml bottle with child safety cap and dosing syringe (4 graduations: 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml, 2 ml).

COMPOSITION

Effervescent tablet : p cp prednisolone 5 mg or 20 mg (as metasulfobenzoate sodium: 7.86 mg / cd at 5 mg, 32.416 mg / cp at 20 mg)

Excipients:

5 mg Cp: tartaric acid, citric acid anhydrous, sodium bicarbonate, lithium benzoate, sucrose.

Cp 20 mg: tartaric acid, citric acid anhydrous, sodium bicarbonate, lithium benzoate, lemon natural flavor (maltodextrin, vegetable gum, sorbitol, lemon essential oil, citral, citronellal), sodium saccharin, silicone antifoam emulsion .

Excipients with known effect :

Cp at 5 mg: sodium (24 mg / cp), sucrose.

Cp at 20 mg: sodium (50.8 mg / cp), sorbitol.

Orodispersible tablet: p cp prednisolone 5 mg or 20 mg (as metasulfobenzoate sodium: 7.86 mg / cp at 5 mg, 31.44 mg / cp at 20 mg)

Excipients (common): dispersion of 30% polyacrylate (Eudragit NE 30 D), hydrophobic colloidal silica (Aerosil R972), mannitol (granule), mannitol (powder), crospovidone, aspartame, magnesium stearate.

Excipient with known effect: aspartame.

Drinkable solution : p ml prednisolone 1 mg (as metasulfobenzoate sodium: 1.57 mg / ml)

Excipients: sodium cyclamate, glycerol, sorbic acid, sodium saccharinate, sorbitol (E420), sucrose, ethanol, purified water. Aroma: apricot (ethyl alcohol, vanillin, benzoic aldehyde, isoamyl acetate, diacetyl, ionone, allyl caproate, gamma undelactone, gamma nonalactone, levisticum tincture, essential oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, coriander , neroli, chamomile, cinnamon, nutmeg).

Excipients with known effect: sucrose, sorbitol (E420), ethanol.

1 ml of solution contains 30 mg of alcohol, 200 mg of sucrose and 150 mg of sorbitol (E420).

Alcoholic title: 4% (v / v).

NOT’s

Edrug-online contains comprehensive and detailed information about drugs available in the medical field, and is divided into four sections:

general information:

Includes a general description of the drug, its use, brand names, FAQs, and relevant news and articles

Additional information:

General explanation about dealing with the medicine: how to take the medicine, the doses and times of it, the start and duration of its effectiveness, the recommended diet during the period of taking the medicine, the method of storage and storage, recommendations in cases for forgetting the dose and instructions to stop taking the drug and take additional doses.

Special warnings:

For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, boys and drivers, and use before surgery.

Side effects:

It treats possible side effects and drug interactions that require attention and its effect on continuous use.

The information contained in this medicine is based on medical literature, but it is not a substitute for consulting a doctor.

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