#Booker Jefferson

[milliondollarbaby87]

Oscars 2024 - Winners!

Here are the winners at the 96th Academy Awards: Hollywood, CA – March 10: Chirstopher Nolan and Steven Spielberg during the live telecast of the 96th Annual Academy Awards in Dolby Theatre at Hollywood & Highland Center in Hollywood, CA, Sunday, March 10, 2024. (Myung J. Chun / Los Angeles Times) Best PictureOppenheimerEmma Thomas, Charles Roven and Christopher Nolan, Producers Continue…

[flashfuckingflesh]

An EVIL Cult Summons Back "The Hangman" reviewed! (Dread / Blu-ray)

“The Hangman” Now Available on Blu-ray! Turbulent connecting father and teenage son, Leon and Jesse, retreat to the West Virginia wilderness for a little rekindling before Jesse goes off to college.  Still reeling after his mother’s death five years ago, Jesse blames his father’s inactivity and his rebuff mismanagement of their family’s pain.  The next morning, Jesse has disappeared, the car has…

[gigijb1969]

Rockets 2024 and The Texas Rocket Trail Ended in Southeast Texas/Smith Point Saturday, May 11

Saturday marked the end of the Rockets 2024 Season with the second and final day of launches in Smith Point. The weather was cloudy, windy and a little cooler than Friday. We had rockets loaded on the rails for testing by 10:35 Saturday morning and we stayed steady until later in the day. At that point we had a lag as the last few were slow coming out of Stage 2. Luckily tests were done and…

[90s-music-tourney]

Here are all 72 songs we are entering in the tournament

Eleanor Rigby by the Beatles

Somebody to Love by Jefferson Airplane

Nights in White Satin by the Moody Blues

Sweet Caroline By Neil Diamond

All along the Watchtower by Jimi Hendrix

Pinball Wizard by The Who

House of the Rising Sun by the Animals

California Dreamin’ by The Mama's and the Papa's

People are strange by the Doors

Paint it Black by The Rolling Stones

Mrs. Robinson By Simon and Garfunkel

Fortunate Son by Creedence Clearwater Revival

Good vibrations by the Beach Boys

What a wonderful World by Louis Armstrong

21st Century Schizoid Man By King Crimson

Space Oddity by David Bowie

You really got me by the Kinks

Spirit in the Sky By Norman Greenbaum

Respect by Aretha Franklin

Feeling Good by Nina Simone

I'm a Believer by The Monkees

White Room by Cream

Piece of my Heart By Big Brother and the Holding Company

Season of the Witch by Donovan

Like a rolling stone by Bob Dylan

Be my Baby by the Ronettes

Son of a Preacher man by Dusty Springfield

She's not there by the Zombies

Complication by the Monks

Heroin by the Velvet Underground

Ain't Too Proud for Beggin by the Temptations

I want you back by The Jackson 5

Alice's Restaurant Massacree by Arlo Guthrie

Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison

Eight Miles High by the Byrds

Come A little bit Closer by Jay and the Americans

So Long Mom (A song for World War III) by Tom Lehrer

Ring of Fire by Johnny Cash

Suite: Judy Blue Eyes by Cosby, Stills and Nash

Change is gonna come by Sam Cooke

You Can't Hurry Love by the Supremes

Happy Together by the Turtles

Tainted Love by Gloria Jones

Dream a Little Dream of Me by Mama Cass

Maybe This Time by Liza Minnelli

Don't Rain on My Parade by Barbra Streisand

Puff the Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul and Mary

Good Times, Bad Times by Led Zeppelin

Ain't no mountain high enough by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell

This boots are made for walking by Nancy Sinatra

Sitting by the dock of the bay by Otis Redmond

Cactus tree by Joni Mitchell

Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells

I Got You (I Feel Good) by James Brown

Georgia on My Mind by Ray Charles

River Deep Mountain High by Ike and Tina Turner

My Way by Frank Sinatra

For What It’s Worth by Buffalo Springfield

Fire by Arthur Brown

Blackberry Way by the move

The Girl From Ipanema by Stan Getz And Joāo Gilberto

Can't take my eyes off you - Frankie valli

Green onions by Booker T. & The M.G.’s

Stand by Me by Ben E. King

Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows By Lesley Gore

Monster Mash by Bobby Pickett

Wichita Lineman by Glen Campbell

I Say a Little Prayer by Dionne Warwick

Aquarius (Let the Sunshine In) by the 5th Dimension

The Impossible Dream by Jim Nabors

Return to sender by Elvis Presley

It's not Unusual by Tom Jones

[dreammakcr]

( most wanted ships! warning - this is an extensive list )

bellatrix black/tom riddle

george weasley/hermione granger

george weasley/angelina johnson

ginny weasely/draco malfoy

ginny weasley/harry potter

hermione granger/ron weasley

hermione granger/draco malfoy

lily evans/james potter

lily evans/remus lupin

narcissa black/lucius malfoy

neville longbottom/hannah abbot

neville longbottom/luna lovegood

rose weasley/teddy lupin

rose weasley/scorpius malfoy

alice cullen/jasper hale

alice cullen/bella swan

bella swan/edward cullen

carlisle cullen/esme cullen

charlie swan/sue clearwater

emmett cullen/rosalie hale

katrina denali/garrett

tanya denali/edward cullen

winona uley/renesmee cullen

alicent hightower/rhaenyra targaryen

sansa stark/theon greyjoy

myrcella baratheon/robb stark

adam auradon/belle

amelia thermopolis/nicholas devereaux

anastasia romanov/dimitri

ariel triton/eric

charlotte la bouff/tiana

flynn ryder/rapunzel

jasmine shah/aladdin

kim possible/shego

kim possible/ron stopable

megara/hercules

tiana maladonia/naveen

amarantha/tamlin

azriel/elain archeron

azriel/gwyneth berdara

cassian/nesta archeron

feyre archeron/tamlin

feyre archeron/rhysand

lucien vanserra/elain archeron

morrigan/emerie

blossom sungaze/nyx

tamlin sungaze/elain archeron

anne boleyn/catherine of aragon

anne boleyn/katherine howard

katherine howard/thomas culpeper

elphaba thropp/glinda upland

elphaba thropp/fiyero tigelaar

maureen johnson/joanne jefferson

mimi marquez/roger davis

dean winchester/jo harvelle

mary winchester/john winchester

aphrodite/ares

hades/persephone

bruce wayne/selina kyle

clark kent/lois lane

diana prince/bruce wayne

diana prince/steve trevor

harleen quinzel/pamela isley

phoebe halliwell/coop

phoebe halliwell/cole

piper halliwell/leo wyatt

inuyasha/kagome

mamoru chiba/usagi tsukino

amy santiago/jake peralta

bo dennis/dyson thornwood 

bo dennis/lauren lewis

david nolan/mary margaret blanchard

hale santiago/kenzi malikov

olivia benson/elliot stabler

regina mills/robin hood

veronica mars/logan echolls

elizabeth bennett/mr. darcy

elle woods/emmett forest

elle woods/vivian kensington

ian o'shea/wanderer

alessandra stathos/kallias

cardan greenbriar/jude duarte

elizabeth comstock/booker dewitt

karlach cliffgate/wyll ravengard

lou le blanc/reid diggory

wrath/emilia di carlo

[lboogie1906]

The Learning Tree is a drama film written and directed by Gordon Parks, a celebrated photographer. The movie was released on August 6, 1969, it depicts the life of Newt Winger, a teenager growing up in Cherokee Flats, Kansas, in the 1920s, and chronicles his journey into manhood that is marked by tragic events. The Learning Tree is based on Parks’ semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, which was published in 1963.

Newt Winger, Marcus Savage, and several of their friends steal apples from Jake Kiner’s orchard, and when Kiner confronts the boys, he is beaten and left for dead by Marcus, who is later sent to jail for his actions. While Marcus is in jail, Newt begins to work for Kiner to make up for his actions and those of his friends and begins a relationship with the new girl in town Arcella Jefferson, but his relationship with her is destroyed when Chauncey Cavanaugh, a white man, and son of the local judge, rapes and impregnates Arcella, who moves away out of shame. Another scene shows Newt forced into a brutal boxing match at the County fair.

One day when Newt is eating his lunch in the loft of Kiner’s barn, he witnesses the brutal attack and murder of Kiner by Booker Savage, Marcus’ father. Newt keeps quiet about what he has seen but appears to be bothered that Silas Newhall, who was at the scene of the crime for another reason, is being accused of a murder he did not commit. Encouraged by his mother Sarah, Newt reveals to Judge Cavanaugh that Booker committed the murder, and testifies in court, but rather than doing the good he intended to do, Newt’s testimony leads to his suicide of Booker and almost being killed by Marcus. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[starqueen87]

Coretta Scott was the third of four children born to Obadiah "Obie" Scott (1899–1998) and Bernice McMurry Scott (1904–1996) in Marion, Alabama.

She was born in her parents' home with her paternal great-grandmother Delia Scott, a former slave, presiding as midwife.

Coretta's mother became known for her musical talent and singing voice. As a child Bernice attended the local Crossroads School and only had a fourth grade education. Bernice's older siblings, however, attended boarding school at the Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute. The senior Mrs. Scott worked as a school bus driver, a church pianist, and for her husband in his business ventures. She served as Worthy Matron for her Eastern Star chapter and was a member of the local Literacy Federated Club.

Obie, Coretta's father, was the first black person in their neighborhood to own a truck. Before starting his own businesses he worked as a fireman. Along with his wife, he ran a barber shop from their home and later opened a general store. He also owned a lumber mill, which was burned down by white neighbors after Scott refused to sell his mill to a white logger.

Her maternal grandparents were Mollie (née Smith; 1868 - d.) and Martin van Buren McMurry (1863 - 1950) - both were of African-American and Irish descent. Mollie was born a slave to plantation owner Jim Blackburn and Adeline (Blackburn) Smith.

Coretta's maternal grandfather, Martin, was born to a slave of Black Native American ancestry, and her white master who never acknowledged Martin as his son. He eventually owned a 280-acre farm.

Because of his diverse origins, Martin appeared to be White; however, he displayed contempt for the notion of passing. As a self-taught reader with little formal education, he is noted for having inspired Coretta's passion for education.

Coretta's paternal grandparents were Cora (née McLaughlin; 1876 - 1920) and Jefferson F. Scott (1873 - 1941). Cora passed away before Coretta's birth. Jeff Scott was a farmer and a prominent figure in the rural black religious community; he was born to former slaves Willis and Delia.

Coretta Scott's parents intended for all of their children to be educated. Coretta quoted her mother as having said, "My children are going to college, even if it means I only have but one dress to put on."

[bargainsleuthbooks]

Teddy and Booker T.: How Two American Icons Blazed a Path for Racial Equality by Brian Kilmeade #ARCReview #NetGalley #BookReview #Presidents #Roosevelt #SentinelBooks

Did you know that the first guest Theodore Roosevelt invited to the White House was Booker T. Washington? #TeddyandBookerT #Briankilmeade #theodoreroosevelt #bookertwashington #arcreview #netgalley #sentinelbooks #racerelations #bargainsleuth #bookreview

The New York Times bestselling author of George Washington’s Secret Six and Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates turns to two other heroes of the Theodore Roosevelt and Booker T. Washington.When President Theodore Roosevelt welcomed the country’s most visible Black man, Booker T. Washington, into his circle of counselors in 1901, the two confronted a shocking and violent wave of racist…

[seagull-astrology]

Cory Anthony Booker, US Senator from New Jersey

Booker was born on April 27th 1969 at 1:10 AM in Washington D.C. because his parents worked for the Federal division of IBM. He attended Stanford University, where he studied political science (B.A., 1991) and sociology (M.A., 1992). He was awarded a Rhodes scholarship to the University of Oxford like former president William Jefferson Clinton, where he received a bachelor’s degree in history…

[rosscountyhistoricalsociety]

In honor of Black History Month, we're highlighting the accomplishments of some remarkable Black Chillicotheans.

The early details of William H. Dupree's life seem to be a bit in question. Some sources say he was born into slavery in Virginia on March 13, 1839. Others say he was born here in Chillicothe. If he was enslaved, it's unknown how he secured his freedom. He may have been educated in Chillicothe schools, which he's said to have left after the death of his father when Dupree was 19.

Dupree worked as a plasterer and played baritone in a brass band. He married Maria Elizabeth Isaacs, who was the daughter of a woman who'd been an enslaved cook at Thomas Jefferson's estate Monticello. (Dupree was the uncle of another famous Chillicothe man James Monroe Trotter.)

When the Civil War broke out, Dupree wanted to enlist, but was unable until after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863 and Black regiments were created. Ohio didn't form any, so Dupree had to go to Massachusetts to enlist. He was one of the 5,092 Black Ohioans who joined regiments formed in other states so they could serve.

In 1863, Dupree enlisted in Co. H, 55th Massachusetts Infantry, where he oversaw the regimental band.  He achieved the rank of 2nd lieutenant, but was only officially awarded the rank in 1865 when his unit was mustered out, reportedly because the white officers refused to serve with Black officers.

He returned to Chillicothe after the war, but eventually moved to Boston where he became one of the first Black men to be employed by the city's post office. He worked there for several decades and became quite prosperous.

  In 1903, he and a few other investors purchased the Colored Co-operative Publishing Company and its journal, the "Colored American Magazine." It was one of the more prominent Black publications. Through its work, he tried to model Booker T. Washington's ideas of achieving equal rights by demonstrating Black people could excel at any occupation.

Dupree was also a member of the New York City Opera Company, the G.A.R, and the chairman of the Firefighter's Relief Fund. In 1888, he became a member of a committee to convince Boston to erect a statue to Crispus Atticus, the Black civilian who was killed at the Boston Massacre.

  He died in June, 1934.

[bookhavenblog]

Inspiring Biographies of History's Great Leaders

Biographies and memoirs of history’s key figures offer a unique window into the challenges, dreams, and accomplishments that shaped their lives—and our world. From innovators and leaders to those who faced adversity with resilience, each story reveals timeless lessons in courage, determination, and vision. In this reading list, you'll find works that are not only uplifting but also offer valuable insights into what it means to make a lasting impact. Dive in to discover the paths of these remarkable individuals, and perhaps uncover inspiration for your own journey. 1. Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson Isaacson’s biography of Benjamin Franklin captures the full scope of Franklin’s contributions to American history, science, and public life. From his early days as a printer’s apprentice to his monumental role as a Founding Father, Isaacson offers a captivating portrait of Franklin's wit, wisdom, and ambition. Known for his intellect and ingenuity, Franklin also embraced values like community service and lifelong learning, which made him an inspiring American figure. Why Read It: Franklin's story illustrates the power of self-improvement, resilience, and vision—qualities that resonate deeply today. This biography shows readers how one man’s work can leave an indelible mark on a nation. Get it on Amazon 2. John Adams by David McCullough David McCullough brings to life the remarkable journey of John Adams, one of America’s most influential founders. This detailed biography unveils Adams’s essential role in the Revolution, his principled stand on independence, and his close yet complex relationship with Thomas Jefferson. McCullough masterfully highlights Adams’s values, dedication to his country, and his pursuit of justice despite intense challenges. Why Read It: Adams's life teaches that even amid political trials, character and integrity prevail. This inspiring biography resonates as a guide for leadership and honor in public service. Get it on Amazon 3. Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow This best-selling biography delves into the life of Alexander Hamilton, a visionary whose ideas and drive helped shape America’s financial foundations. Chernow’s portrait reveals Hamilton’s brilliance and ambition as well as his struggles and conflicts, painting a compelling picture of the man behind the Federalist Papers and the U.S. Treasury. The story captures Hamilton’s resilience and impact despite his humble beginnings. Why Read It: Hamilton's journey from poverty to influential leader exemplifies the American Dream. His legacy inspires readers to consider innovation, resilience, and purpose. Get it on Amazon 4. Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington In this autobiographical account, Booker T. Washington describes his journey from enslavement to becoming one of America’s leading educators and advocates for racial equality. His story is a testament to the power of education, determination, and hard work. Washington’s insights into the social dynamics of his time make this a profound work, both historically and personally. Why Read It: Washington’s life encourages us to see obstacles as opportunities. His dedication to uplift others shows the transformative power of knowledge and service. Get it on Amazon 5. My Life and Work by Henry Ford In My Life and Work, industrialist Henry Ford shares his principles on innovation, efficiency, and progress. Ford’s autobiography takes readers through his life as he revolutionizes the automotive industry, shaping modern manufacturing with the assembly line. His insights into business ethics and productivity offer timeless lessons for anyone interested in innovation and entrepreneurship. Why Read It: Ford’s emphasis on hard work and improvement is inspiring for entrepreneurs. His approach to industry reveals the importance of perseverance and adaptability. Get it on Amazon 6. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin Goodwin’s Team of Rivals dives into Abraham Lincoln’s leadership during the Civil War and his genius in bringing together a cabinet of political adversaries. The biography shows Lincoln’s compassion, empathy, and vision, focusing on his talent for inspiring unity and guiding the nation through one of its darkest times. Why Read It: Lincoln’s ability to bridge divides and inspire loyalty offers a powerful message about humility and strength in leadership. Get it on Amazon 7. The Wright Brothers by David McCullough McCullough’s account of the Wright brothers’ journey to invent the first successful airplane captures the determination and ingenuity of Wilbur and Orville Wright. Through relentless trial and error, they achieved a feat that changed human history, with their story standing as an inspiration for those who dare to dream and persist. Why Read It: The Wright brothers’ journey reveals the importance of resilience, creativity, and belief in one’s mission, even when faced with skeptics. Get it on Amazon 8. The Measure of a Man: Twenty Attributes of a Godly Man by Gene A. Getz Gene Getz’s The Measure of a Man explores the traits that define true character and integrity. Based on biblical values, Getz outlines qualities like humility, perseverance, and courage, drawing on examples of men from the Bible to highlight what it means to live with purpose and responsibility. Why Read It: This book offers timeless wisdom on building a character of integrity, making it relevant for men striving to grow in faith and leadership. Get it on Amazon 9. To Own a Dragon: Reflections on Growing Up Without a Father by Donald Miller In To Own a Dragon, Donald Miller shares his experiences growing up without a father, reflecting on how this absence shaped his life and identity. Through candid storytelling, Miller discusses the importance of mentorship and finding direction, making the book both personal and deeply resonant. Why Read It: Miller’s reflections provide hope and encouragement to those seeking guidance, illustrating the impact of positive role models. Get it on Amazon 10. The Hero Code: Lessons Learned from Lives Well Lived by Admiral William H. McRaven Admiral McRaven’s The Hero Code explores traits like courage, perseverance, and humility by reflecting on his experiences in the Navy SEALs and stories of people who embody these values. McRaven’s work encourages readers to consider how they, too, can live with integrity and resilience in their everyday lives. Why Read It: This book offers practical guidance for developing inner strength, honoring character, and making a positive impact on the world. Get it on Amazon We'd love to hear your thoughts on these biographies and memoirs! Have you read any of these inspiring stories, or is there one that’s on your reading list? Let us know how these works have influenced you or helped you reflect on your own journey. If you think others might enjoy or benefit from these powerful accounts, don’t hesitate to share this list! Your comments, insights, and shares help us build a community of readers who find inspiration and meaning in great stories. Read the full article

[gigijb1969]

9A. Draft -Rockets 2024 Southeast Texas/Smith Point Launches Wednesday/Thursday Setup Recap and Friday Pregame

Southeast Texas Rockets started off Wednesday and Thursday with travel and set up days in Smith Point. After cloudy and rainy days in Central Texas that resulted in the rockets being tested without students on Monday and Tuesday, we are hoping for better weather this weekend. Rain has inundated the area last week, and the site here in Smith Point already has more than it’s share of water standing…

[90s-music-tourney]

Round 1 match ups!

People are strange by the Doors vs Alice's Restaurant Massacree by Arlo Guthrie 

Puff the Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul and Mary vs House of the Rising Sun by the Animals

Brown Eyed Girl by Van Morrison vs Respect by Aretha Franklin

Ring of Fire by Johnny Cash vs Heroin by the Velvet Underground

Somebody to Love by Jefferson Airplane vs Pinball Wizard by The Who

My Way by Frank Sinatra vs She's not there by the Zombies

Green onions by Booker T. & The M.G.’s vs Georgia on My Mind by Ray Charles 

Return to sender by Elvis Presley vs The Girl From Ipanema by Stan Getz And Joāo Gilberto

Aquarius (Let the Sunshine In) by the 5th Dimension vs Ain't Too Proud for Beggin by the Temptations

Change is gonna come by Sam Cooke vs What a wonderful World by Louis Armstrong 

Come A little bit Closer by Jay and the Americans vs Ain't no mountain high enough by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell

Don't Rain on My Parade by Barbra Streisand vs Season of the Witch by Donovan

Good vibrations by the Beach Boys vs I'm a Believer by The Monkees

Wichita Lineman by Glen Campbell vs Stand by Me by Ben E. King

Cactus tree by Joni Mitchell vs Can't take my eyes off you by Frankie valli

Tainted Love by Gloria Jones vs Monster Mash by Bobby Pickett

Mrs. Robinson By Simon and Garfunkel vs Happy Together by the Turtles

I want you back by The Jackson 5 vs Space Oddity by David Bowie

Spirit in the Sky By Norman Greenbaum vs Son of a Preacher man by Dusty Springfield

This boots are made for walking by Nancy Sinatra vs Eight Miles High by the Byrds

Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells vs Fortunate Son by Creedence Clearwater Revival 

Maybe This Time by Liza Minnelli vs You really got me by the Kinks

Sitting by the dock of the bay by Otis Redding vs Nights in White Satin by the Moody Blues

California Dreamin’ by The Mama's and the Papa's vs You Can't Hurry Love by the Supremes

Like a rolling stone by Bob Dylan vs The Impossible Dream by Jim Nabors 

Complication by the Monks vs Sweet Caroline By Neil Diamond

Suite: Judy Blue Eyes by Cosby, Stills and Nash vs Piece of my Heart By Big Brother and the Holding Company 

White Room by Cream vs 21st Century Schizoid Man By King Crimson 

I Say a Little Prayer by Dionne Warwick vs It's not Unusual by Tom Jones

Be my Baby by the Ronettes vs For What It’s Worth by Buffalo Springfield 

Fire by Arthur Brown vs Paint it Black by The Rolling Stones 

River Deep Mountain High by Ike and Tina Turner vs Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows By Lesley Gore

Blackberry Way by The Move vs Feeling Good by Nina Simone

So Long Mom (A song for World War III) by Tom Lehrer vs All along the Watchtower by Jimi Hendrix 

Good Times, Bad Times by Led Zeppelin vs Eleanor Rigby by the Beatles 

Dream a Little Dream of Me by Mama Cass vs I Got You (I Feel Good) by James Brown

[patrice-rullier]

DIY. GUITARS. NOISE. MELODIES. Hummus Fest 2019 I Court-documentaire Hummus Fest - Fri-Son - November 23rd 2019 With Coilguns, Emilie Zoé, Rorcal, Darius, Edmond Jefferson and Sons, Yautja, La Surprise Féministe, Pelan-Pelan Directed and edited by Patrice Rullier Camera : Alexandre Bugnon - Patrice Rullier Assistant : Caroline Battoïa Live recording : Bernhard Zitz Mix : David Ashby Mastering : Kevin Galland Motion design : Sylvain Scarangella Interviews Louis Jucker : Solo Singer/Songwriter Co-Funder of Coilguns and Hummus Records Yannick Dudli : Booker Fri-Son Emilie Zoé : Hummus Records artist Aurelia Jaquier : Artist booking, TAKK © Hummus Records / Patrice Rullier, 2020

Court documentaire - Hummus Fest - 23 novembre 2019 - Fri-Son Réalisé par Patrice Rullier en collaboration avec societe-ecran media

Mêlant extraits de concerts et interviews, ce court documentaire avait pour propos initial de parler de culture alternative, de vivre ensemble. Dans le contexte actuel, il prend un tout autre sens et fait plutôt office d’instantané qui nous semble appartenir au passé, mais qui surtout nous donne envie de prendre soin les uns des autres afin de pouvoir au plus vite se retrouver dans la moiteur de salles combles pour célébrer la culture et la musique.

[lboogie1906]

Pastor William Henry Ferris (July 20, 1874 – 1941) was an author, minister, and scholar.

He was born in New Haven, Connecticut to David Henry, a volunteer for the Union Army during the Civil War, and Sarah Anne Jefferson Ferris.

He graduated from Yale University. He worked as a freelance writer and lecturer and studied for the ministry at Harvard Divinity School, he received an MA in Journalism and went on to teach at Tallahassee State College, Florida Baptist College, Henderson Normal School, and Kittrell College.

He served a five-year term as Pastor of the Congregational Church in Wilmington, North Carolina. After being ordained a minister in the AME Church, he engaged in mission work in Lowell and Salem, Massachusetts.

He was a critic of Booker T. Washington’s ideology and worked with William Monroe Trotter’s anti-Booker T. Washington publication Boston Guardian newspaper. He joined W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara Movement and was a committed member of the American Negro Academy.

A member of the “Talented Tenth,” he was controversial among many African American intellectuals, receiving much criticism for what they labeled his “assimilationist mis-education.” His mix of racial uplift ideology and Black Nationalism isolated him from many of his “Talented Tenth” colleagues.

In his magnum opus, The African Abroad, or His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Development under Caucasian Milieu, he evaluated the cultural development of African people.

His stance on uplift for his race found a warm reception in Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association, he became Assistant President General and literary editor of Garvey’s Negro World newspaper. He emphasized the need for a bold resurgence in Black manhood. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[bailesu]

So, the story of this.

After the Civil War, there was a brief period known as Reconstruction (1865-1877). During Reconstruction, an alliance of White Unionists, Carpetbaggers, and Blacks ruled the South and their organization was the Republican party because Southern Democrats were wall to wall ex-Confederates.

Blacks were elected to state legislatures, local government, and the Federal government by this alliance. The first two Black Senators came from Missisippi and one of them filled Jefferson Davis' seat.

Southern Republicans carried out:

Debt and Stay Laws (Laws which suspended debt collection or otherwise tried to help people deal with debts.)

Building Projects

Public Education

Child Support

Legal Aid

Medical Assistance

Aid to Widows and Veterans

Fixing Infrastructure

The Federal Government, run by Republicans, created the Freedman's Bureau.

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (The Freedman’s Bureau): The Freedman’s Bureau, created in March 1865,oversaw every aspect of the transition, working to ease the lot of the ex-slaves. It operated until 1872, led by Major General Oliver Howard.

Food: The Freedman's Bureau distributed 15 million rations (enough food for one person for one day) over the course of its operation.

Reuniting: The Bureau tried to help slaves find their families, often divided by the internal slave trade before and during the Civil War.

Medical: The Bureau set up a 100 hospitals for former slaves.

Work and Judicial: The Bureau also operated its own court system and tried to help slaves get work and to negotiate better terms with employers.

Education: The Bureau’s greatest success was in the area of education.

Pre-War Status: There was no state-supported public education for anyone, not even Whites, in the pre-Civil War South.

Schools: The Bureau created three thousand schools serving 150,000 men, women, and children. This cost 5 million dollars (72 million in today's money.)

Teachers: Mostly white women from the Northeastern states. Many were fairly religious and also wished to Christianize the former slaves. Later, there were enough educated blacks for them to take over.

Literacy: Black literacy rose from 10 to 30% by the mid-1870s.

Black Colleges: Thirteen universities for black students were created by 1880. Howard University was named after the head of the Bureau.

“Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute”: This school was created in 1868 to produce teachers; in 1870, it became a formal land grant university for black students. Hampton's curriculum mixed intellectual classes, moral instruction, and training in physical skills. (“head, heart, and hands”). Booker T. Washington attended here and took this philosophy when he was sent to found the Tuskeegee Institute. Today it is known as Hampton University.

Basically, the 1870s Republican party was a big government, pro-business, pro-civil rights, pro-education party. This is also when the Transcontinental Railroad goes up and goatoads of other infrastructure projects.

Unfortunately, the Grant Administration (1869-1877) had huge corruption problems and the public became tired of the cost of Reconstruction. The Freedman's Bureau shut down and then white terrorists known as 'Redeemers' used force and terror to institute one-party rule in the South and crush the Southern Republicans. Meanwhile the Republican party was itself torn over what exactly they were going to be with the issue of slavery gone.

In 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes sold out the Southern Republicans to become President and from 1877 to the 1950s, white racists ruled the South and crushed out any kind of Republicans. The Republican party largely didn't exist in the South for decades, being only a shadow of a party.

Congress was now all white with rare exceptions and stayed that way until the Civil Rights movement. Republicans still got most black voters... but there were not very many. Republicans did a few things for blacks; Calvin Coolidge, who did nothing when thousands of Americans died in a flood in 1925, still backed funding Howard and some other Black universities, for example.

The Civil Rights movement forced both parties to choose sides. Ultimately, Democrats chose Civil Rights and Republicans endorsed courting Southern white racists.

"We were really diverse 140 years ago!"