#Article 370 Context

[prabodhjamwal]

Benevolent or Traitor: Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad's Legacy in Kashmir

‘A Fate Written on Matchboxes’: Hafsa Kanjwal’s book recounts incidents where Bakshi wrote appointment letters on a matchbox or anything else lying nearby. Iftikhar Gilani SRINAGAR: At a time when getting a coveted government job in Jammu and Kashmir seems to be an insurmountable task, it is almost unimaginable to imagine a time when these posts were given out on the streets. Bakshi Ghulam…

[cuddlytogas]

Fyre sent me an article that made me Lose My Mind, so instead of sending 800 tweets about it, I decided to just write up my thoughts here

so, in re: ET Fox, 'Jacobitism and the Golden Age of Piracy' --

Fox is definitely exaggerating. His logic jumps from 'ship names and alleged toasts', to 'every pirate was one contact away from a confirmed Jacobite', to "a Jacobite maritime community" (296), with little evidence beyond each previous assumption. He does demonstrate a link with popular Jacobitism, but overstates pirates' political commitment by far.

There's one letter to George Camocke, a Jacobite naval officer, suggesting that the pirate fleet should unite under his command and take Bermuda as a Jacobite base, but the source is shaky, and it went nowhere once Woodes Rogers ousted the pirates. (It's I think from 1718 and unsigned? Possibly from Charles Vane and his crew? Fox only says that, "Through these contacts [unspecified, between Vane and English Jacobites] a letter reached George Camocke" (286), which is suspiciously vague, and I can't access the original to check. Either way, it would still only prove the committed politics of one crew.)

Fox also makes a lot of Archibald Hamilton, governor of Jamaica from 1710-16, who commissioned and profited from the anti-Spanish privateers who turned pirate and made up some of the original Bahamas pirates c. 1715. Since "it has been suggested that [Hamilton] was a Jacobite supporter" (283), Fox claims that these establishing pirates were also committed Jacobites, and therefore the whole pirate community that grew around them must have been. (Which leads to Fox then being baffled when there's no direct evidence of Jacobitism among some of them, such as the crews of Anstis, Fenn, or Rackham.) He relies on these assumptions, and then claims that every connection between pirates proves their mutual Jacobite sympathies.

It's much more likely (and in line with the historians I've read so far) that the Jacobite toasts and ship names speak to a broader anti-authoritarianism among pirates, with no evidence of committed Jacobite actions by them, eg, specifically targeting Hanoverian ships, or materially supporting or trying to support Jacobite rebels beyond that one letter. Indeed, the 1710s/20s pirates are generally agreed to be distinct for not adhering to religious/national loyalties like the C17th pirates usually did. (I'm so sorry, I haven't consolidated my notes yet, but I know Marcus Rediker goes through this, as does Kris E Lane, and I think Tim Travers and David Cordingly.)

Fox does identify a correlation between the rise and fall of Jacobitism and piracy over the mid/late 1710s, but attributes a pretty shaky causation: pirates ceased their Jacobite loyalties due to the suppression of Jacobitism in Britain and Europe. A much more obvious explanation is that both anti-authoritarian movements simultaneously flourished in the post-war, post-succession instability, then were both quashed as the new regime established itself and cracked down on rebels.

So, did many pirates espouse Jacobite sympathies? Yes! They named their ships in favour of Jacobite causes and rulers, and there are plenty of reports of them toasting to King James / the Pretender. (Which it must be said, although the sheer volume lends a ring of truth to the trend, individual claims should be taken with a grain of salt, as Jacobitism was a common accusation against criminals at the time, with or without a basis.)

Does that mean that the 1710s Caribbean pirate community was centred around a heart of politically committed Jacobites, as Fox argues, or largely motivated by Jacobite sentiments? Yeah, probably not.

Anyway, I am SO sorry that this article got me riled up XD the whole point of this is to say, I've never read anywhere that "many pirates were Jacobites driven out of Britain", which I KNOW wasn't even your main point, but I am unfortunately Insane. We can and should talk about expressions of pro-Jacobitism and actual political engagement among 'Golden Age' pirates, but what we know of their actual actions and espoused ideals doesn't speak to a trend of committed Jacobite politics beyond a general loyalty to rebellious causes.

[khlur]

full text:

Activist calls for border march in Ladakh to mark land lost to China

The march would be taken out in the north and south banks of Pangong Tso lake, Demchok, Chushul among others along the Line of Actual Control with China; two dates are shortlisted — March 27 and April 7

Around 10,000 people from Ladakh will march to the border along China this month to showcase how much land has been lost to the neighbouring country, climate activist and education reformer Sonam Wangchuk said on Tuesday.

Mr. Wangchuk has been protesting in open in sub-zero temperature in Leh, surviving only on salt and water for the past 14 days, to demand constitutional safeguards for the Union Territory.

“We know from the shepherds that they are not allowed [anymore] to go to the places that they always used to go. In particular areas, they are stopped kilometres before where they used to go earlier. We will go and show whether land has been lost or not,” Mr. Wangchuk said.

The march would be taken out in Finger area (north and south bank of Pangong Tso), Demchok, Chushul among others along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.

He said two dates have been shortlisted for the march — March 27 and April 7.

“The march will also highlight the areas, prime pasture lands, that are being turned into solar parks. On one hand, nomads are losing their land to corporates who are coming to set up their plants, maybe mining in future. Nomads will lose 150,000 sq km of prime pasture land, on the other hand they are losing pasture land to China which is encroaching from the north, the Chinese have captured huge chunks of land in the last few years,” he said.

After the June 15, 2020 incident in Galwan where 20 Indian soldiers were killed in violent clashes with the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, several rounds of talks between the two armies have taken place leading to disengagement and creation of buffer zones or no-go areas. These areas in eastern Ladakh were regularly patrolled before April 2020 when China started amassing troops close to the LAC. At least 26 patrolling points out of total 65 PPs in Eastern Ladakh are not being patrolled due to the border dispute.

At the centre of Mr. Wangchuk’s protest that has received huge support from the locals is the failure of talks between Ladakh civil society leaders and Union Home Minister Amit Shah on March 4.

The members of Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA) representing the Buddhist majority and Shia Muslim dominated regions respectively in Ladakh, are jointly protesting for Statehood for Ladakh, inclusion of Ladakh in the sixth schedule of the constitution thus giving it a tribal status, job reservation for locals and a parliamentary seat each for Leh and Kargil.

Though ministry officials had in previous rounds of meetings agreed to examine how the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution can be implemented in Ladakh’s context, the meeting with Mr. Shah “did not result in any positive outcome”.

“Government has been declining to keep their promise on Sixth Schedule. The Home Minister said we cannot give this but we will give you some constitutional safeguard,” Mr. Wangchuk said adding that he wants to awaken the people of India to this “breach of trust”.

“People are disillusioned, disenchanted and angry. There is no chance BJP will win a seat here in the upcoming elections. But this is not only for Ladakh, am trying to awaken the nation, if this is how election promises are honoured, then elections are a joke. Why did we vote this party to power twice?” he said. Ladakh’s only parliamentary seat was won by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 2014 and 2019.

After the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Constitution was revoked by the Parliament on August 5, 2019, Ladakh was turned into a Union Territory without any legislative assembly.

[georgedpr]

Blogging and Streamlining the Process

I have been trying to blog for years, and over the years I have found that there is no magic or “silver bullet”1 Writing anything from a work memo to a grocery list requires you to plant yourself somewhere and start writing. Put one word after another till you get to the “The End” (figuratively or literally depending on what you’re writing). This seems like a simple endeavor though it often proves harder than one imagines due to life stressors and other factors.

There has even been a recent reflection on blogging having a resurgence given the recent upheaval in the social media space.

Bring back personal blogging - The Verge

I hate what blogging has become: Reflections after a blogging break

What I should do, however, is to stay true to myself and blog whatever the heck I want, even if it impacts my rice bowl.

And some retrospectives from those who have been blogging for numerous years.2

This all brings my attempts at blogging and writing into new/sharp contexts. I have had this domain for over ten years now, and I have been blogging (between this blog and prior instances for longer). I started the blog to create a professional voice (like my blog idol at librarian.net or the librarian avengers) though the blog has evolved over the years.

I still write to get ideas into the world though it helps me process and understand the world as it unfolds around me; it has never been easy and never as often or as well as I desire. Yet, I want to keep writing. I think this is partly because I am inherently curious and also a “tinkerer” at heart.

I am saying all this for context as I was disheartened to find draft documents for blog posts dating back years sitting ideally and not posted or started and never continued. Most on reactions to a news article or a half-finished idea and it pains me to post them now so I thought I should rework my workflow to try and prevent this from happening again. I have tried a few services over the years to host the blog3 and I like to write in a Markdown editor before posting to my blog rather than the native client. I think it is best to have a local copy of your posts saved as a text file as that means I have an offline copy.

The downside to this process is that the Tumblr app does not allow for native Markdown so I have to export the blog and then try to access Tumblr via the web to post via the web. 4 I used to use an app called Byword for years though that seems to have been abandoned, and there are other similar apps like iA Writer though they don’t have integration with Tumblr and don’t have plans to implement the service. I could look at different clients likeMarsedit though I really wanted a mobile client and Marsedit does TOO much. The reason I like Tumblr is that as much as I want to nerd out over the HTML and it simply allows me to post (in theory) without worrying too much about the backend HTML. There is also the Tumblr API though would be a stretch to create something to post natively (as exciting as that does sound in theory) so I think the technical solutions may not be worth the effort at this point.

I am not sure what a good solution will be at this point though I was thinking about creating a publishing calendar that would help me create a habit to blog and then also work on better tracking WHAT I’ve written about to help spur ideas. Though I don’t know if that will only further convolute the process. I know that writing and creating are important human endeavors and it feeds the soul. I feel as though I write some version of this post every year though yet it is important to keep trying, and trying.

I am not sure where that statement comes from though it seems pertinent in this case.  ↩︎

I came across this recommendation from Jeff Perry (@jeffperry@social.lol) on writing, which is a discussion between Jason Kottke and John Gruber on the The Talk Show ep. 370 - ‘Fine Hypertext Products’, with Jason Kottke - Jeff Perry  ↩︎

I have used Rapidweaver to self-host, then Blogger, and now Tumblr, which has been my home for several years.  ↩︎

Also the Tumblr Markdown they’ve implemented does not allow for some Markdown functions like footnotes so I need to export the text as HTML.  ↩︎

[ethanfernandez]

Week 5: Reality TV

Reality television is one of the most fascinating and controversial genres on the great spread of television. From the earliest seasons of "Survivor" and "Big Brother" to the glamorous drama of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" and the sexual antics on "The Bachelor," reality television has become deeply ingrained in the minds of all of us. However, what is it about this genre that appeals to millions of people, and what outcomes result from our shared fixation?

The main attraction of reality TV is the unscripted, real-life drama it promises to deliver. The authenticity, however curated, of witnessing actual people deal with problems, form bonds with one another, and go about their daily lives draws in viewers. A cast of different people whose interactions were real and unscripted provided viewers with a sharp contrast to the polished perfection of scripted dramas and sitcoms. Shows like "The Real World" pioneered this approach.

People who are on Teen Mom OG don't act like the camera isn't there. The camera is front and centre, challenging both the norms that control how meaning is made and visual culture, as well as the traditional idea of what is public and private, especially when it comes to the consumer (Salibian, 2020).

In addition, reality TV is a spectacle of the current era. Television programmes such as "America's Got Talent" and "The Voice" provide viewers with a glimpse into the outstanding abilities of regular individuals, turning them into superstars overnight. The competitive aspect heightens the suspense and makes the audience obsess about the results.

Moreover, it's a mixed type of television programming that is based on factual entertainment through the experiences and performances of nonprofessional actors has gradually become more and more popular over the past 20 years, raising concerns among the public about basic moral values like, respect for human dignity and integrity, honesty, and truth (Mast 2016).

In conclusion, reality TV is still very popular and has a complex role in both reflecting and moulding society ideals, even in the face of controversy. It provides a glimpse into human nature, presenting the positive and negative aspects of humanity. It's important for us as viewers to observe reality TV critically, enjoying its entertainment value but also considering the larger repercussions for both ourselves and the people on television.

Reality TV is ultimately just a mirror, reflecting back to us as much about our interests and aspirations as it does about the people we watch with such fervour.

References:

Salibian, T 2020, “Reading Reality Television: Publicizing, Promoting, and Commodifying the Self ,” scholarship.claremont.edu, accessed May 14, 2024, <https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1283&context=cgu_etd>.

Papacharissi, Z & Mendelson, A 2007, “An Exploratory Study of Reality Appeal: Uses and Gratifications of Reality TV Shows,” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, pp. 355–370, accessed <https://zizi.people.uic.edu/Site/Research_files/JobemRealityTV.pdf>.

Mast, J 2016, “The Dark Side of Reality TV: Professional Ethics and the Treatment of Reality Show Participants,” International Journal of Communication 10, pp. 2179–2200, accessed <https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/2444/1646>.

[bhattandjoshiassociates-blog]

Federalism in the Article 370 Verdict: Unanswered Queries and Justice Ravindra Bhat's Observations on the Supreme Court's Silence

Introduction The verdict on Article 370 by the Supreme Court of India has been a subject of significant scrutiny and debate since its issuance. Retired Supreme Court judge Justice S Ravindra Bhat, in his recent remarks, shed light on a crucial aspect that remained unaddressed in the Court's decision – the issue of federalism. This essay aims to explore the implications of the Supreme Court's silence on federalism in the Article 370 verdict, as elucidated by Justice Ravindra Bhat. Through an analysis of relevant legal principles, precedents, and contemporary constitutional concerns, we seek to understand the broader ramifications of this omission within the Indian legal landscape. Contextualizing the Concern To comprehend the significance of Justice Bhat's remarks, it is essential to contextualize the issue within the broader framework of constitutional law and governance in India. The abrogation of Article 370, which granted special status to the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir, was a landmark decision with far-reaching implications. While the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of this move, questions surrounding federalism and the powers of the Parliament remained unanswered. Justice Bhat's critique highlights the need for a robust examination of federal principles within the Indian constitutional framework, particularly in the context of state reorganization and centralization of powers. Federalism in the Article 370 Verdict: Key Points of Concern Justice Bhat's critique centers on the Court's failure to address the fundamental question of whether the Parliament has the authority to downgrade a State into a Union Territory. This omission is particularly concerning as it has significant implications for the federal structure of the Indian polity. By accepting assurances from the Solicitor General regarding the restoration of statehood for Jammu and Kashmir without specifying a timeline or addressing the broader legal implications, the Court missed an opportunity to clarify the constitutional boundaries of federalism. Analyzing Legal Precedents To elucidate the gravity of the issue, it is instructive to analyze relevant legal precedents and judicial interpretations that inform the understanding of federalism in India. The concept of asymmetric federalism, as articulated in cases such as Govt. of NCT of Delhi v Union of India, underscores the nuanced relationship between Union Territories and the Union government. By recognizing the distinct treatment afforded to different Union Territories based on their constitutional status, the Court has established a framework for accommodating regional diversity within the federal structure. Examining Federalism in the Article 370 Verdict Through Legal Precedents Justice Bhat's remarks also draw attention to the evolving nature of constitutional jurisprudence in India, characterized by a dynamic interplay between legal principles and societal norms. Cases such as the Demonetization Case and the Maharashtra Assembly case have demonstrated the judiciary's role in interpreting constitutional provisions in light of contemporary realities. As the Indian polity undergoes transformative changes, it is imperative for the judiciary to adapt interpretations to reflect evolving societal norms while maintaining fidelity to constitutional principles. Navigating Technological Advancements In addition to constitutional principles, Justice Bhat's remarks also touch upon the impact of technological advancements on legal norms and governance. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies has posed novel challenges to traditional legal frameworks, particularly in areas such as privacy, public opinion, and policymaking. As AI-enabled products permeate various aspects of society, there is a pressing need for collective efforts to navigate these challenges and reshape legal norms to align with the realities of the digital age. Conclusion: Implications for Federalism in the Article 370 Verdict In conclusion, Justice Ravindra Bhat's critique of the Supreme Court's silence on federalism in the Article 370 verdict highlights broader concerns regarding the interpretation and application of constitutional principles in India. By failing to address fundamental questions surrounding federalism and the powers of the Parliament, the Court missed an opportunity to provide clarity on critical issues of governance and constitutional law. Moving forward, it is imperative for the judiciary to engage in robust deliberations on federalism and adapt legal interpretations to reflect evolving societal dynamics while upholding constitutional values. Only through such proactive engagement can the judiciary fulfill its role as a guardian of constitutional democracy and ensure the preservation of federal principles in India's evolving political landscape. Read the full article

[movieverselive]

Article 370 Movie OTT Release Date: Get the Latest Updates Here!

When and Where to Watch Article 370 Movie OTT Platforms

In recent years, the Indian film industry has witnessed a surge in the production of movies that shed light on important historical and political events. One such significant event in the history of India is the revocation of Article 370, which granted special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Now, it's time for 'Article 370 Movie' to make its mark on the silver screen. This article explores the anticipation surrounding Article 370 Movie OTT Release on streaming platforms, highlighting its potential to educate and entertain the masses.

Understanding Article 370 Article 370 was a constitutional provision that granted certain autonomous powers to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Over the years, it had become a topic of debate, with proponents arguing for its continuation to protect the unique identity of the state, while others believed its abrogation would integrate the region more closely with the rest of India. The revocation of Article 370 in 2019 was a landmark decision that brought the state under the direct control of the central government. The Concept of Article 370 Movie The 'Article 370 Movie' aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the historical context, events, and consequences leading up to the revocation. The movie endeavors to present a balanced perspective, allowing viewers to form their own opinions on the matter. It is a platform for storytelling that explores the complexities surrounding this crucial decision. Impact of OTT Release The decision to release the 'Article 370 Movie' on an OTT platform has its significance. With the advent of streaming platforms, people can conveniently access content from the comfort of their homes. The film's availability on OTT platforms ensures that the movie reaches a wider audience, transcending geographical boundaries. Additionally, it allows viewers to watch the movie at their own pace and convenience, promoting a more inclusive experience. Article 370 Movie OTT Platform There is no official announcement about the exact OTT platform on which "Article 370" will be available. However, some clues might help us guess: - Jio Studios connection: Since the movie was produced by Jio Studios, there's a strong possibility it might be launched on their platform, JioCinema, after its theatrical run is complete. - Netflix involvement: Reports indicate that Netflix has also secured the digital rights to "Article 370." This suggests it could also be available on Netflix in the future. Educational Value of the Movie Movies have long been regarded as a powerful medium to educate and inform. By portraying real-life incidents, the 'Article 370 Movie' has the potential to create awareness about the historical and political significance of the revocation of Article 370. It presents an opportunity for viewers, especially the younger generation, to gain insights into their country's past, encouraging a sense of patriotism and fostering a desire to learn more about such events. Entertainment Aspects While the 'Article 370 Movie' carries a strong educational message, it also promises entertainment value. The film artfully blends factual information with storytelling techniques to engage viewers emotionally. This approach ensures that the movie can captivate audiences of all ages, keeping them engrossed from start to finish. It strikes a delicate balance between informative and entertaining, offering a unique cinematic experience. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Pf6RUmq7S0 Conclusion The upcoming release of the 'Article 370 Movie' on an OTT platform brings hope for a new wave of informative entertainment in the Indian film industry. By delving into a significant event in the nation's history, the film educates and entertains, bridging the gap between knowledge and enjoyment. It offers a journey through time, allowing viewers to witness the complexities surrounding the revocation of Article 370. As audiences eagerly await its release, 'Article 370 Movie' can potentially leave a lasting impact on society, encouraging dialogue and fostering a deeper understanding of India's rich history. Read the full article

[iasguidance]

Supreme Court upholds abrogation of Article 370

Context: Constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India in its unanimous ruling has upheld the repealing of Jammu and Kashmir’s special status granted by Article 370. About Article 370:  State of Jammu and Kashmir is a constituent state of the Indian Union, but the state enjoyed special status under the Article 370 of the Constitution in terms of greater autonomy and powers enjoyed by other…

[werindialive]

“There should be honesty in politics. “ says Gehlot on ahead of assembly elections in Rajasthan

Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot is actively pursuing his campaign for the upcoming Assembly election in the state. He has visited over 100 constituencies out of 200 by now. In an exclusive interview with a leading media house, Gehlot opened up about the current situation of politics in India and how the BJP is playing wrong in many ways.

When asked about BJPs accusing Congress of appeasement politics in Rajasthan and that he has been supporting Muslims exclusively, Gehlot said, “There should be honesty in politics. The BJP should discuss the work of our government, and point out our mistakes and flaws. We will reply to them. As they have nothing to point out in our governance, they are trying to make a non-issue a political issue. If you see all BJP leaders coming to Rajasthan, you will notice all of them making the same speech. They speak on Article 370, Triple Talaq. It is a state election, speak about Rajasthan. Their agenda is to divide people and get votes, not welfare. The people of Rajasthan are very intelligent and know who has worked for them in the last five years.”

He also talked about the Ram Mandir building project which Congress failed to deliver and said, “They want to fight election on religion in Rajasthan. In the Kanhaiya Lal murder case (the murder of a tailor in Udaipur), we solved the case in a few hours. The accused were close to BJP leaders, who helped them in a property dispute saying they were BJP workers. The BJP is responsible for his killing. Ram does not belong to one person, he belongs to all. But doing politics on religion is not good for the country.”

Gehlot also talked about his cast (mali) for the first time. Gehlot said about Mali community, “I am proud that I am from Mali community. I am Mali from Rajasthan and what does Mali do. Mali keeps every garden in India beautiful. There is all type of flowers in a garden, Mali takes care of them. Similarly, people have given me responsibility to take care of all communities, which, I have done. There is only one Mali MLA in Rajasthan assembly and that is me. I have been CM for three terms and worked for different caste and religion without any discrimination. In that context I spoke about being a Mali.”

Apart from this, Gehlot also talked about PM Modi and several other aspects of politics in Rajasthan.

For more national news India in Hindi, subscribe to our newsletter.

[iilssnet]

Guyana's Maritime Issues in Int'l Law of the Seas and Security

Guyana is a small, coastal nation located on the northern coast of South America. As such, it is heavily influenced by maritime issues. Guyana faces a range of maritime challenges, from managing its exclusive economic zone and protecting its maritime interests to ensuring access to resources and promoting security in the region. In this article, we will explore Guyana's maritime issues in the context of international law of the seas and security.

Overview of Guyana's Maritime Issues

Guyana's maritime issues have a wide range of implications, both domestically and internationally. Domestically, Guyana is faced with the challenge of protecting its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and ensuring that it is not encroached upon by other nations. The EEZ is a 200-nautical mile (370 km) area from the coast that grants Guyana exclusive rights to marine resources, including fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves. Internationally, Guyana is faced with the challenge of managing its maritime boundaries with its neighboring countries, as well as promoting security in the region.

International Maritime Law and Guyana's Rights

Guyana has a right to regulate and manage its maritime resources in accordance with international law. This includes the right to exploit its EEZ and maximize its economic benefit from marine resources. Guyana is also entitled to coastal State rights, which includes the right to regulate maritime activities in its territorial waters and EEZ, such as fishing, navigation, and maritime security.

Security Implications for Guyana

Guyana's maritime interests are closely tied to regional security. The region is home to numerous armed conflicts and illegal activities, such as drug trafficking and illegal fishing. Guyana is also vulnerable to the threat of piracy, as well as other forms of illegal maritime activities. In order to address these security threats, Guyana must ensure that it has adequate maritime surveillance capabilities and a robust maritime security infrastructure.

Guyana's Access to Resources

Guyana is also faced with the challenge of protecting its access to maritime resources. This includes the need to ensure that its EEZ is respected and not encroached upon by other nations, as well as the need to ensure legal access to fishing grounds and potential oil or gas reserves. In addition, Guyana must ensure that its access to maritime resources is not impeded by regional disputes or illegal activities.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Guyana is a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which defines the rights and responsibilities of states in their use of the world’s oceans. Under UNCLOS, Guyana is entitled to a 200-nautical mile (370 km) EEZ and is responsible for managing marine resources within its EEZ. Furthermore, under UNCLOS, Guyana is obligated to respect the exclusive economic zones of other states and to prevent activities in its EEZ that could harm the marine environment.

Protecting Guyana's Maritime Interests

Guyana must ensure that its maritime interests are properly protected. This includes the need to ensure respect for its maritime boundaries and EEZ, as well as the need to promote maritime security in the region. In order to do so, Guyana must develop a comprehensive maritime policy that takes into account its maritime rights and obligations under international law. This policy should also address the security implications of Guyana's maritime interests, as well as the need to protect its access to maritime resources. In conclusion, Guyana's maritime interests are closely tied to regional security and economic development. Guyana must ensure that its maritime rights and interests are respected and that its access to maritime resources is not impeded. In order to do so, Guyana must develop a comprehensive maritime policy that takes into account its maritime rights and obligations under international law. By doing so, Guyana can ensure that its maritime interests are protected and that its access to resources is not threatened. Read the full article

[freelawbydjure]

Abrogation of Article 370: Supreme Court to hear the petitions from August 2, 2023

Today, Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud fixed August 2, 2023, as the starting date for hearing a batch of petitions against the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. CJI said that the petitions will be heard every day from 2nd August except Mondays and Fridays. Earlier on 3rd July 2023, a notice was issued by the Supreme Court stating that the five-judge Constitution bench for hearing matters related to dilution of Article 370 constitutes, CJI Chandrachud, Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul, Justice Surya Kant, Justice BR Gavai, and Justice Sanjiv Khanna. Article 370 strips the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir of its special privileges or status and bifurcates Jammu & Kashmir into the Union territories of J&K and Ladakh.

During the proceedings, the need to file an additional affidavit was questioned by Justice SK Kaul. This was because, on July 10, an affidavit was filed by the Union Government related to the present status of J&K after the abrogation of its special status. Pointing to this, Justice Kaul stated that a rejoinder affidavit will be filed by the other side and the process will continue this way. In this context, the Solicitor General of India appeared for the Union Government, Tushar Mehta, mentioned that the affidavit does not provide appropriate information regarding the current situation of Jammu & Kashmir; therefore, there is no requirement of filing a rejoinder affidavit. CJI further said “The affidavit of the centre has no bearing on the constitutional question”

Click Here to Read Full Supreme Court Update

Read More: Supreme Court Latest Updates

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[toutmontbeliard-com]

Les effectifs de la filière automobile baissent de 4,9% entre juin 2021 et juin 2022

À la fin du deuxième trimestre 2022, les 370 établissements de la filière automobile de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté emploient 38 530 salariés et 5 540 intérimaires. Malgré une reprise en 2021, cette filière reste perturbée en 2022 par le contexte économique et les mutations en cours du secteur. L’emploi salarié est en baisse sur un an, avec davantage de départs que d’embauches. La majorité des départs sont des démissions. Par ailleurs, l’emploi intérimaire diminue par rapport à 2021 alors qu’il croît dans l’industrie. Enfin, l’activité partielle se réduit mais demeure. infos > www.insee.fr (source communiqué) Read the full article

[heartlandians]

So…I was looking at the Nielsen numbers that were posted on your site. The numbers were very impressive for Heartland…at least at first glance.

The problem I’m having is understanding what the numbers actually mean. There’s no context to the numbers. The numbers for the week Feb1-7 showed Heartland having a number of 445 million. The entire population of the U.S. and Canada is only 370 million people. The Numeris Tv ratings in Canada have Heartland ratings less than 1 million. If you look at the Nielsen list of the top 10 programs the number 1 program on the list (Feb1-7 and Feb 8-14) says millions or billions of “minutes”. I assume that “minute’s” number also applies to all the programs in the list. What does that mean? At first glance you would think the 445 million means 445 million people. Perhaps you could clarify what we’re looking at. The Nielsen numbers are excellent but confusing. Submitted by: Callie ______________________________

I’m no expert in this, but I assumed it means minutes, they just didn’t repeat the measurement after “The Sinner” (the most streamed show). I would also imagine that with so-called traditional TV they would measure the ratings in people and streaming services are measured in minutes, but that’s just my assumption.

I also found this article: “Since television became a commodity in the 1950s, a program’s success was largely dependent upon Nielsen ratings. Initially, most households had one television set, the family watched only a handful of stations available, and Nielsen used paper diaries to measure ratings.

As television advanced with the emergence of cable networks, VCRs and later DVRs, Nielsen adjusted its methodology to include meters to measure program ratings and later commercial minutes. As watching video content evolved to include streaming, mobile, on-demand, etc., Nielsen has had to adapt to the changes. In addition, there are now a number of new ad tech companies using tuning data competing with Nielsen’s core clients of content providers, ad agencies and marketers.”

I would imagine the mentality, in general, with so-called online content is that the longer you watch, the more you’re “winning”, because 100 people might click “PLAY”, but they might switch it off after one minute and think “not for me”, so simply pressing play is not telling the truth. Measuring in minutes allows content creators to know how long people spend time with their content and the longer they do, the more show creators should invest in it. In today’s society, especially, everything is really fast-paced. I don’t remember what the actual time is, but there’s this rule that’s basically like “you decide if you want to watch something within 3(?) seconds”, or something like that. The currency in today’s world is holding someone’s attention longer, not necessarily how many people’s attention you are holding.

Hope that helps a little bit!

[20percent-attendance]

A visual slide I prepared to spread awareness abt Islamophobia, something india, my country is facing atm. Kashmir muslims r killed indiscriminately and those in the mainland are lynched and often denied entry to hospitals during the pandemic. THE DELHI RIOTS. Muslim homes, shops burnt to ashes.Many young muslim activists prominent ones too, like pregnant Safoora Zargar have been put to jail in the rise of the draconian UAPA. Poet and humanist Varvara Rao has been falsely accused on same grounds. He is DYING.

please share. Let everyone know what's happening to Indian & Kashmiri Muslims.

From my insta

All necessary articles hv been linked. I've tried my best to gather as much context as possible. A few more incidents:

1. Shaheen Bagh protests

2. More on Delhi Riots

3. UAPA

4. Using UAPA to destroy the environment- blocking of all emails related to EIA draft 2020

5. Sharjeel Imam arrested under UAPA

6. Kashmir and article 370

7. Citizenship Ammendment Act + National registration of Citizens (CAA- NRC)

8. BJP and rise of religious nationalism

Ultimately our fight against fascism is nothing if we donot tackle the issues of SE Asia. India is the largest democracy in the world- and we are increasingly falling into the hands of a fascist Islamophobic Hindutva nationalist ideology.

Please share and educate yourselves and others.

At the end of the day, your activism means nothing if it doesn't include Muslims.

[infantisimo]

The communication void created in the Kashmir valley in August 2019 ironically became the medium for Kashmiris to reclaim their history and memorialise their suffering.

On the midnight of 4 August 2019, the Indian government enforced a complete information blackout in Kashmir. As phone lines were snapped and the internet disconnected, Kashmiris outside the region gathered on social media for solace amidst snatches of information. In the dystopian weeks and months that followed, letters were written to families and dispatches from the ground carried to Delhi on USB devices. Slowly, the means of communication were restored—landlines first, then cell phones, and finally 2G internet, a full eight months later. High-speed internet has still not been restored. In a populace raised on paranoia, the hush that spread has left severe trauma in its wake, which many continue to recount a year since.

On the morning of 5 August, Twitter users showed how the life, sanity and dignity of millions in Kashmir was just a game: #KashmirHamarahai, #KashmirParFinalFight, #KashmirOperations, and #KashmirFinalSolution were trending. By mid-morning, Article 370 of the Constitution was abrogated and the state bifurcated into union territories. Although, arguably, an empty shell at this point, the token constitutional provision that remained had carried emotional associations. Many Kashmiris felt a sense of personal hurt as right-wing groups in India took to rejoicing the abrogation. The act signalled yet another betrayal by the Indian government. Its execution stripped Kashmiris of their agency. It took away consent and silenced a population with lies, forcing them into psychological, communication, and economic perdition. Television channels continued what can only be termed a charade and mockery. Kashmiri newspapers printed a few leaflets—silenced, they most usefully announced cancelled weddings.

Dealing with questions of Indian identity is complicated in the context of Kashmir. Lakhs of Kashmiris hold government jobs, work under the purview of Indian laws, in institutions and within frameworks that function under the Indian government. Still, resistance against the state’s political and cultural hegemony has widely been acknowledged. Passive resistance and disguised ideological insubordination have been operating pervasively yet distinctly from the active resistance of those on the streets. There is some cognitive dissonance in working for the state, while in private spaces acting in ways or holding beliefs that could be termed seditious. The veil of quiescence has only existed for those who have not wished to probe. The betrayal of 5 August 2019, however, was a radical moment for many. Those who were “pro-accession” all their lives now proclaimed that their country had let them down. Many changed ideologies and allegiances. Pro-independence groups were now behind bars along with “pro-accession” groups. It seemed like, for a change, almost all of Kashmir was on one side. Opposition to India had not needed to be articulated anymore. Viral videos of Kashmiri men tied to jeeps by the army or blinded by pellets were not needed as evidence of the oppression. The state had made itself heard through its actions.

Internet clampdowns have been a feature of all protests and moments of crisis in Kashmir since 2008. Social media has redefined the rules of protest. Post 2010, social media has been the space of articulations of resistance for Kashmiris. Ironically, this time too, the one space that the state prohibited Kashmiris from accessing is the one where voices against the very move have been the loudest. Besides resistance, social media has also been the site for the diaspora’s recreations of home. For months before the military lockdown of August 2019, Twitter saw a warming phenomenon of Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims coming together after decades of hostility. Circumventing conversations around politics, they nostalgically reconstructed home. A performative space to preserve Kashmiri culture—a community or a mahla (neighbourhood)—was created online. Every morning, Twitter user @rainamk1 would quiz Kashmiris on vocabulary, encouraging the group to share photos, stories, and memories. Post August 2019, however, this morphed into a mahla where people often found comfort and solidarity—reading, writing, sharing, memorialising—and reaching out to others to find out about their loved ones. Conversations with family, through one or the other connection, floated online, giving people reassurances that were otherwise hard to come by.

The internet clampdown and the nature of the move naturally caused this space to become the cornerstone of resistance, albeit one of a different character than usual. For a decade since the 2008 clashes, bloggers, “influencers,” cultural commentators, and meme makers have been working to preserve history and recording memory in their own voice. The resistance did not end with the kind of tokenism that urged all supporters to change their social media profile pictures to red, but rather resulted in a unique moment of blurring and complicating identities and ideologies, giving space to look inward, evaluate and realign. The protests of 2019 were the first major moment of online resistance where the voice moved from awareness building to reclamation. All this, while millions of Kashmiris in Kashmir were under curfew, incommunicado. 

Given the personal nature of the injury to all, Kashmiris outside sought more than expressions of solidarity. At a moment when Kashmiris were faced with not just the loss of symbols of identity but also of agency, processes of memorialising and self-making became important.

Invocations of the “struggle of memory against forgetting” and of Agha Shahid Ali’s verse populated social media. His words of crying out—into a curfewed land with no post office—resonated.

Let me cry out in that void, say it as I can.

I write on that void: Kashmir

In popular discourse, Kashmiris were spoken for, but not allowed to speak. Stealthy laws of domicile, ecology under threat, a journalistic gag, an inattentive judiciary, representatives incarcerated, and homes destroyed, all sought to deface a culture, but in turn spurred memorialisation. And so, social media became their site of reclamation, despite eventual policing. A digital counter-public rose in solidarity, one that turned to its ethnicity and culture to find rootedness in an increasingly deracinated world. This counter-public bathed the internet with the colour red, the red of Kashmir’s history.

In a context where redrafting the curriculum was not possible, a new alternative was created—emergency reading groups were convened around the world. Kashmiris transitioned from lived history to informed, learned history—doing right by it. While political activism continued, this historic investigation amplified the message, and intensified the sentiment by looking inwards rather than in opposition. While resources are being stolen, bodies marked and humiliation inflicted, Kashmiris are listening, remembering and reading—more than ever before.

For a language already under threat by Urdu and now doubly threatened by the imposition of Hindi, language learning groups for Kashmiri were being formed, Kashmiri keyboards deployed more than ever before. The Instagram account @kashmirdictionary was started to unearth lost vocabulary. It now splashed itself in red, and shared word after word, as if sending messages in code. Wazul, meant red, it explained. Rath is blood. Branth is hope. Pyaaraan is waiting. And doh ganzravun is counting the days in tsopt, the silence that engulfed the valley. For remembrance, to fight the erasure of important dates from the official calendar, alternate calendars were recreated. Social media tags and handles all dug out snippets from Kashmir’s history with their “on this day” features. The erasure of days of significance led to reclaiming the dates of commemoration from before the Indian nation existed.

The Indian finance minister quoting Kashmiri poetry while presenting the budget irked many, but for months before, social media accounts like @madeinkashmir_ and @zanaanwanaan, especially on Instagram, had begun to reclaim Kashmiri poetry, finding new translations and crafting new anthems for our times. Through the words of Kashmiris poets, hope flooded social media.

In this city of sad decay, even a fluttering heart is a treasure

— Amin Kamil

As did calls for remembrance.

Kariv kutah zulm asse seeth mandachev

Magar temi pate te dyun asse haq panun chuv

Tyranny that you dispense on us will shame you

Despite everything, you will have to give us our right

— Zareef Ahmed Zareef

However, once 2G internet was restored in the valley, this movement led by the diaspora faced criticism, and was called out for its privileged insulation, romanticisation of history and pandering to clichés. Nonetheless, this process set the stage for informed international solidarity that went beyond sympathy. This performative digital activism engaged and continues to engage in a process of identity creation and reclaiming a history wronged. The protest also reimagined the binaries of allyship and complicity, and of silence and solidarity. It was unifying, not dividing. At a time when unprecedented disconnect existed (similar to the world today), it helped deal with the loss of connection by creating a space for allyship. Individual identities were remade by these performative actions. Kashmiris who found themselves simultaneously insulated and affected, yet guilty of passive complicity, found a space for themselves within a discourse they’d so far felt alienated from. 

With a flag, a constitution, a language, dates, and names, all systematically erased, 5 August 2019 was a watershed moment, and caused a paradigmatic shift where the fight moved from being a protest against the state to one against erasure. The efforts that followed from groups of people who were otherwise not politically active, turning to pedagogies and methods not popularly used, took a study of history and put the lens far beyond the last 30 years. These efforts manifested as informed opinions on Kashmir in global conversations. It would also do well to remember that while this is happening, the protest is not just a passive reading group. Arrests and detentions have been made based on social media posts; armies of trolls unleashed to dismiss voices. The space isn’t safe, but it is one that continues to be strong and vocal.

Writing this just before 15 August, it would do us well to pause and think about how it is now just another day when Kashmiris are restricted indoors; for them, it is just another minor inconvenience in a year of inconveniences.

[movieverselive]

Article 370 Movie Reviews: A Compelling Thriller That Will Leave You Breathless

Article 370 Movie Reviews: A Suspenseful Drama with Tale of Politics and Power

In the wake of the 2016 Kashmir unrest, "Article 370" emerges as a cinematic endeavor delving into the intricacies of a secret mission assigned to Zooni Haksar, a local agent, aiming to end terrorism and conflict in the region without bloodshed. Directed by Aditya Suhas Jambhale, the film navigates through the political landscape of Kashmir, unraveling the events leading to the abrogation of the contentious constitutional provision on Article 370 Movie Review.

Synopsis:

"Article 370" serves as a persuasive exploration of the government's Kashmir policy, particularly focusing on the abrogation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019. The narrative follows Zooni Haksar, portrayed by Yami Gautam, an intelligence officer with a personal vendetta against the corrupt political leadership of the state. Strategically positioned, Zooni becomes a pivotal figure in propagating the 'us vs them' narrative, reflecting the prevailing political rhetoric. Movie NameArticle 370DirectorAditya Suhas JambhaleCastYami Gautam, Priyamani, Raj Zutshi, Arun Govil, Divya SethRun Time160 minutesGenresAction, Drama, ThrillerWritersAditya Dhar, Arjun Dhawan, Aditya Suhas JambhaleMusicShashwat SachdevOTT PlatformNot yet announced

Opinion:

As audiences delve into the film's narrative, it becomes evident that "Article 370" is more than a mere cinematic portrayal; it's a calculated endeavor to influence public perception during the election season. Director Aditya Suhas Jambhale adeptly connects historical events to the prevailing political narrative, offering a perspective that aligns with the ruling dispensation. While the film avoids overt jingoism, it delves into the complexities of Kashmir's political landscape, shedding light on the business of terrorism and the conflict economy.

Article 370 Movie Review and Analysis:

1. Political Narrative and Historical Context: Drawing from historical events, "Article 370" aligns its narrative with the political agenda of the ruling party. The film strategically navigates through the complexities of Kashmir's political history, presenting a narrative that resonates with the current discourse. However, its selective portrayal of historical figures and events raises questions about its objectivity. 2. Character Portrayals and Performances: The film boasts a commendable ensemble cast, with notable performances from Yami Gautam, Raj Zutshi, and Divya Seth. Gautam's portrayal of Zooni Haksar, driven by a personal vendetta, adds depth to the narrative, while Zutshi and Seth deliver compelling performances, depicting the manipulative nature of political figures in Kashmir. 3. Gender Dynamics and Narrative Simplification: "Article 370" introduces an intriguing dynamic with two women leading the charge, showcasing their resilience in a male-dominated political landscape. However, as the narrative progresses, the film tends to oversimplify complex issues, reducing them to a binary 'good vs evil' narrative, reminiscent of traditional Bollywood tropes. https://youtu.be/6Pf6RUmq7S0

Conclusion on Article 370 Movie Review

"Article 370" stands as a compelling cinematic portrayal of the events leading to the abrogation of Article 370. While it offers valuable insights into the political landscape of Kashmir, the film's selective portrayal of historical events and characters raises questions about its objectivity. Nevertheless, with commendable performances and a timely narrative, "Article 370" succeeds in sparking discussions about one of the most contentious issues in contemporary Indian politics. Read the full article