Members of the Manouchian Group, the Armed Anti-fascist Fighters of the FTP-MOI Resistance in Paris, Shortly Before Their Execution by the Fascist Occupiers, Fort Mont-Valérien, Paris 1944
The FTP-MOI was a group largely within the French Communist Party and made up almost entirely of immigrant laborers. They were the most active and most militant of the anti-fascist resistance groups in France. The Manouchian Group was largely made up of Eastern European Jews and also included anti-fascist Italians, anti-nazi Germans, anti-Franco Spaniards (including several veterans of the Spanish Civil War), Armenians and a handful of native French, although most French citizens were in the FTP, not its immigrant brach, the FTP-MOI. 23 members of the group were arrested in November, 1943 and 22 of them were murdered by the nazis at Fort Mont-Valérien in Feb, 1944. Those heroes pictured above, as they awaited their execution, include (l-r): Missak Manouchian (3rd from the left), József Boczov, Wolf Waisbrot, Szlama Grzywacz, Mojsze Fingercweig and Tamás Elek. The other members of the group murdered that day were: Robert Witchitz, Spartaco Fontanot, Célestino Alfonso, Roger Rouxel, Amédée Usseglio-Polatera, Georges Cloarec, Rino Della Negra, Cesar Lucarini, Antoine Salvadori, Emeric Glasz, Marcel Rajman, Yona Geduldig, Leib Goldberg, Armenak-Arpen Manoukian, Szlomo Szapiro, and Stanislas Kubacki. Golda Bancic, the only woman fighter in the group, was not executed that day, since the French wouldn't allow women to be killed by firing squad. Consequently, she was deported to Germany, where she was executed by beheading.
62 notes
·
View notes
How many of these "Top 100 Books to Read" have you read?
(633) 1984 - George Orwell
(616) The Great Gatsby - F. Scott Fitzgerald
(613) The Catcher In The Rye - J.D. Salinger
(573) Crime And Punishment - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
(550) Catch-22 - Joseph Heller
(549) The Adventures Of Tom And Huck - Series - Mark Twain
(538) Moby-Dick - Herman Melville
(534) One Hundred Years Of Solitude - Gabriel Garcia Marquez
(527) To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee
(521) The Grapes Of Wrath - John Steinbeck
(521) Lolita - Vladimir Nabokov
(492) Pride And Prejudice - Jane Austen
(489) The Lord Of The Rings - Series - J.R.R. Tolkien
(488) Brave New World - Aldous Huxley
(480) Ulysses - James Joyce
(471) Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte
(459) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte
(398) The Brothers Karamazov - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
(396) Great Expectations - Charles Dickens
(395) To The Lighthouse - Virginia Woolf
(382) War And Peace - Leo Tolstoy
(382) The Sun Also Rises - Ernest Hemingway
(380) The Sound And The Fury - William Faulkner
(378) Alice's Adventures In Wonderland - Series - Lewis Carroll
(359) Frankenstein - Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
(353) Heart Of Darkness - Joseph Conrad
(352) Middlemarch - George Eliot
(348) Animal Farm - George Orwell
(346) Don Quixote - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
(334) Slaughterhouse-Five - Kurt Vonnegut
(325) Les Misérables - Victor Hugo
(320) Harry Potter - Series - J.K. Rowling
(320) The Chronicles Of Narnia - Series - C.S. Lewis
(317) Anna Karenina - Leo Tolstoy
(308) Lord Of The Flies - William Golding
(306) Invisible Man - Ralph Ellison
(289) The Golden Bowl - Henry James
(276) Pale Fire - Vladimir Nabokov
(266) Gone With The Wind - Margaret Mitchell
(260) The Count Of Monte Cristo - Alexandre Dumas
(255) The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy - Series - Douglas Adams
(252) The Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman - Laurence Sterne
(244) Madame Bovary - Gustave Flaubert
(237) Vanity Fair - William Makepeace Thackery
(235) The Trial - Franz Kafka
(233) Absalom, Absalom! - William Faulkner
(232) The Call Of The Wild - Jack London
(232) Emma - Jane Austen
(229) Beloved - Toni Morrison
(228) Little Women - Louisa May Alcott
(224) A Passage To India - E.M. Forster
(215) Dune - Frank Herbert
(215) A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man - James Joyce
(212) The Stranger - Albert Camus
(209) One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest - Ken Kesey
(209) The Idiot - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
(206) Dracula - Bram Stoker
(205) The Picture Of Dorian Gray - Oscar Wilde
(197) A Confederacy Of Dunces - John Kennedy Toole
(193) Mrs. Dalloway - Virginia Woolf
(193) The Age Of Innocence - Edith Wharton
(193) The History Of Tom Jones, A Foundling - Henry Fielding
(192) Under The Volcano - Malcolm Lowry
(190) The Odyssey - Homer
(189) Gulliver's Travels - Jonathan Swift
(188) In Search Of Lost Time - Marcel Proust
(186) Midnight's Children - Salman Rushdie
(185) An American Tragedy - Theodore Dreiser
(182) The Book Thief - Markus Zusak
(180) Siddhartha - Hermann Hesse
(179) The Magic Mountain - Thomas Mann
(178) Things Fall Apart - Chinua Achebe
(178) Tropic Of Cancer - Henry Miller
(176) The Outsiders - S.E. Hinton
(176) On The Road - Jack Kerouac
(175) The Little Prince - Antoine de Saint-Exupery
(173) The Giver - Lois Lowry
(172) Brideshead Revisited - Evelyn Waugh
(172) A Clockwork Orange - Anthony Burgess
(171) Charlotte's Web - E.B. White
(171) The Ambassadors - Henry James
(170) Infinite Jest - David Foster Wallace
(167) The Complete Stories And Poems - Edgar Allen Poe
(166) Ender's Saga - Series - Orson Scott Card
(165) In Cold Blood - Truman Capote
(164) The Wings Of The Dove - Henry James
(163) The Adventures Of Augie March - Saul Bellow
(162) As I Lay Dying - William Faulkner
(161) The Hunger Games - Series - Suzanne Collins
(158) Anne Of Greene Gables - L.M. Montgomery
(157) Atlas Shrugged - Ayn Rand
(157) Neuromancer - William Gibson
(156) The Help - Kathryn Stockett
(156) A Song Of Ice And Fire - George R.R. Martin
(155) The Good Soldier - Ford Madox Ford
(154) The Da Vinci Code - Dan Brown
(153) I, Claudius - Robert Graves
(152) Wide Sargasso Sea - Jean Rhys
(151) The Portrait Of A Lady - Henry James
(150) The Death Of The Heart - Elizabeth Bowen
25 notes
·
View notes
Hottest players of Euro 2024: Group C and D
1. England: Jude Bellingham and Trent Alexander-Arnold
God, English players are so ugly. Not these two tho. I mean, fine, Trent's new hairstyle is a tragedy, but if we forget about it... I choose to pretend he's still wearing dreadlocks. Apart from that, they're both good-looking to me. Couldn't choose. Sorry for being a basic bitch again.
2. Denmark: Joachim Andersen
Another case of "I haven't seen him play, but he seems neat". I like his smile. No overall strong feelings on Denmark NT, but he looks nice.
3. Slovenia: Benjamin Šeško
Save me big sad brown eyes man, save me. That's all I've got to say.
4. Serbia: Dušan Vlahović
You saw it coming, didn’t you? As one wise Montenegrin lady told me (not about Dušan): is he hot or is he just tall? I don't look at height usually, I even seem to have a preference for shorter men, but nobody embodies that quote as well as Dušan does. His entire personality is being tall and Serbian, but it works on me. Also, his curly hair era is truly something.
5. France: Antoine Griezmann
I wish I could choose literally anyone else, but I can't. I fell in love with him around 2017 and hasn't been the same ever since. His Fortnite boy swagger has bewitched my soul.
6. Netherlands: Virgil van Dijk
Remember that game with Argentina when he bodied Paredes? Yes, I still haven't recovered. Pretty sure I'm going to hate him soon (Poland NT fan reasons), but damn... He makes defending sexier than it already is.
7. Poland: Kacper Urbański
Okay, I know that he is a baby for most of my followers, but I'm only three years older. I don't know if it's Serie A effect or just Polish genes (...who am I kidding, our men aren't hot 😭), but he is so pretty. A cutie patootie.
8. Austria: Marcel Sabitzer
I wouldn't necessarily call him "hot", but there is something captivating about his looks. He looks like he doesn't belong to our era. He has a face that has seen creation of Austria-Hungary. Maybe it's just the moustache.
part 1 part 3
13 notes
·
View notes