#Aeneis

[firnen-the-teragram-teabag]

Juno/Hera @ the Trojans

[yorgunherakles]

zaman zaman, kendi içimin derinliklerinde vergilius'un engin, hüzünlü manzaralarına,gözyaşı ile perçinlenmiş alacakaranlıklarına rastlamışımdır.

marguerite yourcenar - hadrianus'un anıları

[wildkitte]

On the carelessness of Aeneas

[lecoupdedeuxveuves]

Die Tore der Hölle stehen Tag und Nacht offen; Sanft ist der Abstieg, und leicht ist der Weg: Doch zurückzukehren und den heiteren Himmel zu erblicken, Darin liegt die Aufgabe und die gewaltige Mühe. -- Virgil, Aeneis

The gates of hell are open night and day; Smooth the descent, and easy is the way: But to return, and view the cheerful skies, In this the task and mighty labor lies. -- Virgil, Aeneid (trans. Dryden)

[pitske]

Dude I‘m not even kidding. In favor of having to bring in two bad tests into our grade we can instead hand in a meme about the Aeneis and get credits. I love my latin teacher 😭🫶

[winter-soldier-101]

I will take what is mine-1

Summary: (Y/N) Baratheon will have to face a dragon that now sits on the iron throne and what will become of her.

(Y/N) Baratheon was the wife to Aemond Targaryen they had wed days before Prince Lucerys was killed, (Y/N) had become pregnant with twin boys named Aeneys and Maegor Targaryen second of their names, moons later Aemond had flew back to meet his loyal wife and sons along with his niece, as Aemond laid naked with his wife for the last time as the morning light came Aemond flew off to battle his uncle and this time he did not return.

“(Y/N) Baratheon we thank you and your sons for coming to Kings Landing,the journey must have been long?” Jacaerys asks (Y/N).

“Yes your grace it was a long journey but we are happy to be here” (Y/N) says softly.

“Congratulations to you, I heard you gave birth to twin boys?” Jace asks (Y/N).

“Yes your grace two beautiful sons” (Y/N) says.

“Your sons are with you?” Jace asks.

“Yes your grace my sons Aenys and Maegor are here with their wet nurse” (Y/N) says to Jace.

“Bring them in then” Jace tells (Y/N) as she makes her way to get her sons as (Y/N) walks in Jace smiles at her and the twins.

“How old are they?” Jace asks (Y/N).

“They are about to have their first name day your grace” (Y/N) tells Jace.

“(Y/N) Baratheon you shall become my wife and your sons will be raised with my brothers and your sons will be raised as mine” Jace announces to the masses, all the lords in his court look at their King surprised.

“Your Grace, you are already married to Lady Baela?” A lord asks Jace.

“Yes me and Baela are married but I have decided that I will take a second wife like my ancestor Aegon the Conqueror did and Lady (Y/N) will be my second wife” Jace says to the masses and leaves everyone to talk as (Y/N) is taken to a room to sleep as Jace makes his way to his room he shares with Baela.

Jace walks in and sees Baela sitting on the bed waiting for him to walk in.

“Were you ever going to tell me?” Baela asks Jace.

“Tell you what Baela?” Jace asks.

“That you plan to marry (Y/N) Baratheon and have her as your second wife and that you will claim her sons with Aemond!” Baela yells at Jace.

“Baela I am King. I will do as I please and I will take what is mine!” Jace yells at Baela.

“No I forbid it Jace I am to be your only wife!” Baela yells.

Jace walks over to Baela and grabs her by the throat and chokes her slightly and holds her against the wall as Baela hits Jace to get him off of her as he lays her go Baela falls to the floor coughing and breathing in air fast as she looks up at Jace.

“Know your place Baela, be happy that you are my first wife, but know that she will always have my heart and my love. It has always been (Y/N) and it always will be, do you understand me Baela?” Jace asks Baela.

“Yes…… Yes….. I……. Understand” Baela says roughly through her hard breathing.

“Good and get dressed we have a small council meeting to attend” Jace tells Baela as he leaves their room.

Small Council Meeting

(Y/N) sits next to Jace as Baela sits on the other side of Jace.

“Your Grace word form Storms End the Lord Baratheon wants his daughter and grandsons to come back home and he will give you King Aegon’s last living child the Princess Jaehaera Targaryen” the maester reads the letter.

“Write back to Lord Baratheon and tell him to bring the princess back home or he and his family will burn” Jace tells the maester.

“My King….. please let me send word to my father he will listen to me” (Y/N) pleads with Jace.

“Very well, dear wife write to your father and make him come to King's Landing” Jace tells (Y/N).

“ King Jacaerys Targaryen and his wife’s Queen Baela Targaryen and Queen (Y/N) Targaryen” Ser Steffon announces.

(Y/N) looks at her father and sister’s with tears in her eyes.

“Lord Baratheon we are happy to have you and your daughters here. It was sad that you could not make the wedding but that is alright you are here now and where is Princess Jaehaera?” Jace asks.

“The princess is with my wife and son,” Lord Baratheon says.

“Bring them in now!” Jace says loudly.

The princess was brought in and placed in front of King Jacaerys.

“Princess Jaehaera it is good to have you home. I know everything is a bit different but (Y/N) is here” Jace tells the young girl.

Jaehaera looks up at Jace and then behind him and sees (Y/N) standing there as Jaehaera runs over to (Y/N) and holds her tightly.

“It is okay my sweet girl I have you know” (Y/N) whispers to Jaehaera softly.

Wonderful…… now onto other news my wife (Y/N) is with child” Jace announces happily.

One moon before the wedding (Y/N) had went to the maester and he told her she was with child once again (Y/N) cried as Jace walks in and the maester tells him she is with child.

“She is with child, how far along is she?” Jace asks the maester.

“She is four moons along your grace it would appear that the babe is Aemond’s” the maester says.

“This is good then we will marry tomorrow and we will say the babe is mine” Jace says looking at (Y/N).

Taglist: @solkara @hc-geralt-23 @snh96 @bunny24sstuff @aemondwhoresworld @immyowndefender

[dont-tell-my-mom-im-here]

There is literally not a single fandom that does not have a Doctor Who crossover fic. The Aeneis? Doctor Who crossover fic. Waiting for Godot? Doctor Who crossover fic. Find a fandom that foes not have a Doctor Who crossover fic I dare you

[haveyoureadthisbook-poll]

[marieisnothere12]

[vespersposts]

18, 27, 44 for the ask game <3

Hello my sweet Hannah,💌 (@the-chronicles-of-a-bookworm )

let's see what you asked me �� Please reblog the quiz so I can ask you some questions too (if you feel like obv) !

Find all the questions here

Who is the last person you texted? 💬

It's @shakethatsassyass , she shows me a bit of her journey and I distract her with silly things (she'll tell you what I send her if she feels like it).

What's your favorite book? Or just one you've read a few times?

From an avid reader like you, I could only expect this question.

📖 So, the book I have read over and over again that always moves me is 'The Sleeping House' by Jonathan Coe.

📖 My favourite book is probably "The idiot" by Dostoevskij (the duality of pureness/evil is magnetic) but I can tell you that any of his books are worth to read, they just change your soul for better. Among the authors who have shaped me as a woman and whom I recommend to everyone are Anais Nin (the uncensored diaries), Simone de Beauvoir, Doris Lessing and Marguerite Duras (the lover ) in whose works I have always found inspiration to make contact with my own femininity.

📖 Among the contemporary Ian McEwan or Donna Tartt probably wrote some of my fave books.

📖 The books of my heart are these : Publio Virgilio Marone -Aeneis , Shakespear - Othello, Charlotte Brontë - Jane Eyre, but also some good German classics like "Ansichten eines Clowns" by Heinrich Böll or the poetry of Erich Fried, “Es ist was es ist”.

44. Who was the last person you said “I love you” to? 

What a good question.

So, I will make a due specific. It's relatively recently that I've felt free to express such important affection freely, but it's really liberating and important to allow yourself the luxury of communicating your feelings and letting others have the joy of feeling loved.

🩷I love you in a friendly sense

I probably wrote it to Mer (@storyhuntress13 ) this morning wishing her a happy birthday, on a verbal level I said it to my best friend 20 minutes ago, closing a videocall.

❤I love you in a romantic sense

I said it a few times to a guy with whom I shared a very immature but very meaningful story, and whom I will always thank for accepting me as I am. This kind of confession is the one that comes least spontaneously to me, I really have to 'can't take it anymore' to express it.

Maybe it is a bit silly, but I have time to improve!

Sorry for the length, I got carried away!

love you lots,

V.

-> to the questions

[tacfarinas]

hey guys i think actually vergil might have had a really simple & straightforward meaning in the aenei— *gets shot*

[per1w1nkl3]

also!!!

We wet the bed; i know, o host, we were wrong, ask why? there was no urinal. 

O walls, you have held up so much tedious graffiti that I am amazed you have not already collapsed in ruin

I sing the fullers and the screech owl, not arms and the man (parody of the beginning of the aeneis)

barbara barbaribus barbabant barbara barbis (tongue twister, i couldnt for the life of me find an english translation but its sometjing along the lines of ' they babbled barbaric things under their barbaric beards')

i want to share with you some of my favourite graffiti from Pompeii

“Weep, you girls. My penis has given you up. Now it penetrates men’s behinds. Goodbye, wondrous femininity!“ 

“Amplicatus, I know that Icarus is buggering you. Salvius wrote this.“ 

“We two dear men, friends forever, were here. If you want to know our names, they are Gaius and Aulus.“

“Floronius, privileged soldier of the 7th legion, was here. The women did not know of his presence. Only six women came to know, too few for such a stallion.“

“On April 19th, I made bread.“

“ I have buggered men.“

“If anyone does not believe in Venus, they should gaze at my girlfriend.“

“It took 640 paces to walk back and forth between here and there ten times.“

“Chie, I hope your hemorrhoids rub together so much that they hurt worse than when they every have before!“

“Epaphra is not good at ball games.”

“Two friends were here.  While they were, they had bad service in every way from a guy named Epaphroditus.  They threw him out and spent 105 and half sestertii most agreeably on whores.“

“Secundus likes to screw boys.“

[nananieshitpost]

Antike (ca. 2000 vChr. bis ca. 500 nChr.)

Gilgamesch-Epos

Homer: Ilias, Odyssee

Äsop: Fabelsammlung

Caesar, Gaius Iulius: Der gallische Krieg

Vergil: Aeneis

Ovid: Metamorphosen

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius: Germania

Augustinus, Aurelius: Bekenntnisse

Herodot: Historien

Mittelalter (500-1500)

Beowulf

Murasaki Shikibu: Die Geschichte vom Prinzen Genji

1001 Nacht

Nibelungenlied

Gottfried von Straßburg: Tristan

Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival

Chaucer, Geoffrey: Die Canterbury-Erzählungen

Renaissance (1500-1600) und

Barock (1600-1720)

Boccaccio, Giovanni: Das Dekameron

Brant, Sebastian: Das Narrenschiff

Machiavelli, Niccolö: Der Fürst

More, Thomas: Utopia

Rabelais, Franois: Gargantua und Pantagruel

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de: Don Quijote

Grimmelshausen: Der Abentheurliche Simplicissimus Teutsch

Aufklärung (1720-1785)

Hobbes, Thomas: Leviathan

Fielding, Henry: Die Geschichte des Tom Jones, eines Findlings

Voltaire: Candide

Sterne, Laurence: Leben und Ansichten von Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Emile oder Über die Erziehung

Kant, Immanuel: Kritik der reinen Vernunft

Sturm und Drang (1765-1790)

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers

Bürger, Gottfried August: Münchhausen

Klassik (1786-1832)

Defoe, Daniel: Robinson Crusoe

Swift, Jonathan: Gullivers Reisen

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Die Wahlverwandtschaften

Kleist, Heinrich von: Michael Kohlhaas

Romantik (1798-1835)

Arnim, Achim von/Brentano, Clemens: Des Knaben Wunderhorn

Grimm, Jacob und Wilhelm: Kinder- und Hausmärchen

Austen, Jane: Stolz undVorurteil

Eichendorff, Joseph Freiherr von: Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts

Andersen, Hans Christian: Märchen

Gogol, Nikolai: Tote Seelen

Balzac, Honore de: Verlorene Illusionen, Glanz und Elend der Kurtisanen

Bronte, Charlotte: Jane Eyre

Bronte, Emily: Die Sturmhöhe

Huge, Victor: Die Elenden

Biedermeier und Vormärz (1815-1848)

Heine, Heinrich: Buch der Lieder, Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen

Büchner, Georg: Lenz

Droste-Hülshoff, Annette von: Die Judenbuche

Moderne (1850-1968)

Melville, Herman: Moby Dick

Beecher Stowe, Harriett: Onkel Toms Hütte

Keller, Gottfried: Dergrüne Heinrich

Dickens, Charles: Große Erwartungen

Dostojewski, Fjodor: Der Idiot

Tolstoi, Lew: Krieg und Frieden

Mark Twain: Tom Sawyers Abenteuer

Storm, Theodor: Der Schimmelreiter

Wilde, Oscar: Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray

Lagerlöf, Selma: Gösta Berling, Nils Holgersson

Fontane, Theodor: Effi Briest

Mann, Thomas: Buddenbrooks, Der Zauberberg

Proust, Marcel: Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit

Joyce, James: Ulysses

Babel, Isaak: Die Reiterarmee

Fitzgerald, Francis Scott: Der große Gatsby

Kafka, Franz: Der Prozess, Das Schloss

Woolf, Virginia: Mrs. Dalloway

Hesse, Hermann: Der Steppenwolf, Das Glasperlenspiel

Döblin, Alfred: Berlin Alexanderplatz

Remarque, Erich Maria: Im Westen nichts Neues

Roth, Joseph: Hiob, Radetzkymarsch

Traven, B.: Das Totenschiff

Fallada, Hans: Kleiner Mann - was nun?

Mann, Klaus: Mephisto

Steinbeck, John: Früchte des Zorns

Orwell, George: Farm der Tiere

Machfus, Nagib: Die Midaq-Gasse

Camus, Albert: Die Pest

Greene, Graham: Der dritte Mann

Dürrenmatt, Friedrich: Der Richter und sein Henker

Nabokov, Vladimir: Lolita

Tomasi di Lampedusa, Giuseppe: Der Leopard

Frisch, Max: Homo Faber

Aitmatow, Tschingis: Dshamilja

Grass, Günter: Die Blechtrommel

Solschenizyn, Alexander: Ein Tag im Leben des Iwan Denissowitsch

Wolf, Christa: Der geteilte Himmel

Bulgakow, Michail: Der Meister und Margarita

Garcia Märquez, Gabriel: Hundertjahre Einsamkeit

Gegenwart (ab 1968)

Lenz, Siegfried: Deutschstunde

Kertesz, Imre: Roman eines Schicksallosen

Eco, Umberto: Der Name der Rose

Jelinek, Elfriede: Die Klavierspielerin

Kundera, Milan: Die unerträgliche Leichtigkeit des Seins

Morrison, Toni: Menschenkind

Vargas Llosa, Mario: Das Fest des Ziegenbocks

[wortzentriert]

Upstream: Sparking Kids’ Imaginations with Stories - Heidi White

A Christian Classical Education adempts to cultivate wisdom and virtue through nourishing the soul on goodness, truth and beauty by means of the great books and the liberal arts.

Eine christliche klassische Bildung kultiviert Weisheit und Tugend in dem sie die Seele am Guten, dem Wahren und dem Schönen nährt mit Hilfe der großen Bücher und der freien Künste.

Heidi White

Upstream Sparking Kids’ Imagination with Stories

Anselm Society

Um der Komplexität und der Finsternis dieser Welt zu begegnen brauchen wir Unterscheidungsvermögen und Weisheit und den Mut tugendhafte Taten zu setzen.

Und das ist das Ziel, das Telos der Bildung.

J rr tolkien subcreator quote

Warum sind wir hier?

Wer sind wir?

Was ist eine Person?

Plato

Head Mind Thoughts

Chest Vermittler, Herz, Nobel, Geschichten geprägt

Belly Appetities

Geschichten werden zum Mobiliar unseres Geistes.

Warum heidnische Geschichten?

Märchen modelled after the gospel.

Mythe, Sagen, Geschichten formen die Seele, weil sie die Wahrheit über die große Geschichte erzählen.

Es gibt zwei Ströme des Wissens: Logos und Mythos. Logos als das verstandesmäßige, propositionale Wissen mit dem wir alle vertraut sind. Daneben gibt es einen zweiten Strom: Mythos, sinnstiftende, seelenformende, Vorstellungsvermögen bauende Geschichten, die uns helfen die Welt zu verstehen.

Nach Norms and Nobilities - Dr. David Higgs

Mythos ist ein primärer Weg die Wahrheit

Splintered Fragment of the true light Jrr

Ich behaupte, dass moderne Christen konditoniert sind die Bibel primär als Logos zu verstehen.

Kirchenväter

Sei wie die Biene gehe von Blume zu Blume und sammle den Nektar und lasse den Rest zurück.

Incarnated Stories are a template for us. Shane Morris

Jede Geschichte beginnt mit einem friedlichen Anfang, einer Schöpfung einer Edenzeit. Hier werde wir mit den Charakteren vertraut gemacht.

Zweitens kommt der Fall. Es ist eine Schlange im Gras, ein Monster versteckt, ein Bösewicht, auch die Gesellschaft als Monster.

Prophetie

Ein Held erhebt sich, die Erlösung beginnt, der Held muss trainiert werden, wachsen um der Aufgabe gerecht werden zu können.

Der Held muss einen symbolischen oder metaphorischen Tod sterben. Gandalf, Elisabeth Bennet Stolz und Vorurteile müssen sterben. Er muss eine heroische Tat vollbringen die Opfer, Liebe und Mut verlangt um das Monster zu besiegen.

Zum Schluss erfolgt die Wiederherstellung sowohl in der Komödie als auch in der Tragödie. In der Komödie Hochzeit, in der Tragödie die richtigen sind gestorben, es kann eine neue Schöpfung geben.

Schöpfung, Sündenfall, Erlösung, Wiederherstellung, das ist das Evangelium.

Wo fangen wir an?

Kinderbibel - Schön illustriert, Sprache ist wichtig

Märchen

Readalout revival - Listen wichtiger Bücher

Epen - Illiad, Odysee, Aeneis

Technologie für uns Christen ist da um die Zeit aus zu kaufen.

Böse in Geschichten treffen bereitet uns darauf vor das Böse in der Welt an zu treffen.

[lichotnyubeznik]

Z cyklu Eseje: Eseje 1, sv. 1, č. 1: Bílý jezdec

Frye píše, že pokud se v literatuře 19. století objevila pozitivní hrdinka, měla nejspíš slonovinově bílou pleť a zářivě světlé vlasy. Naopak snědá hrdinka s tmavými nepoddajnými vlasy byla předzvěstí úkladů, zrady a lsti.

Ne tak dnes: netvor je skoro výhradně blonďatý a slonovinově bílý, obléká oblek nebo uniformu, zatímco sympatičtí hrdinové jsou neupravení a barvití. Namátkou: Hunger Games, Divergent, Tra o Hrůny, Boys, Resident Evil, Avatar, Tanec s vlky, Star Wars... Řád je podezřelý (dědictví modernismu), chaos je diverzita (odkaz postmoderny).

Řád je nacismus, říká se polopatě ve Star Wars. Lesní banditi ale na zlého vladaře vyzrají (archetyp Robina Hooda). Odpor vernakulární kultury proti oficiální ideologii eposu. Naopak celá koloniální imaginace stojí na krásných uniformovaných bílých útvarech, které převálcují Indiány, Indy, Afričany, zkrátka barevné a folklor. Ale tahle tradice není odvěká.

V Ílias nebo Aeneis je situace složitější, protože jak Achajci, tak Trójané jsou bílí, krásní a vznešení. Příběh se točí stejnou měrou kolem Achilla, Hektora i Patrokla. Bitva Aenea a Turna je tak uhrančivá, protože jsou si oba rovní. Hrdinové (naše strana - Římani, Řekové) a jejich sokové (Latinové, Trójani) jsou si veskrze podobní, jsou stejně dobří - jen některé mají bohové radši. Nejsou tu hrdinové a monstra. V tom leží krásná tragičnost antických cyklů.

V artušovském cyklu už je protistrana démonická. Nelidskými jsou i nepřátelé v raně středověkých kronikách (ariáni jsou něco jako skřeti, Frankové je můžou kosit po tisících, je to velká legrace a patří jim to). Tenhle kontrast už je ale nějakým způsovem u Tacita nebo Cézara. Vydrží až do kukluxklaního Zrození národa, až po Disneyho Sněhurku. Bílá a černá, řád a ne-foremnost, mramor a temný les.

Není divu, že se tenhle archetyp setřásl - po Osvětimi už není možné psát komiksy, řekl Stalin.

Dneska jsou padouši dobře upravení blonďáci a blondýny z ďábelských korporátů. Je to úmorně nudný a umrtvující klišé. Je ale těžké to postavit naopak: jak resuscitovat bílé jezdce?

Jak mohlo internetovým rasistům vadit, že je v Prstenech moci černoch nebo černoška? Když proti skřetům vyjede jízda Númenoru, má bílé koně a blištivé zbroje, všichni jsou krásní, jsou to ti nejlepší z nejlepších, dorazili ze západu na východ, je to jak americká armáda za druhé světové války, její poslední spravedlivé angažmá, srdce plesá, že se člověk může oddat vznešenosti krásy a síly, bez toho aby to čpělo imperialismem. Taky legitimitu téhle scény trvalo vybudovat pět dílů a taky její následky musí být pro hrdiny tragické. Ale opět, kdy naposled se Zápaďan mohl ztotožnit s převahou síly a nepřipadat si nepatřičně?

Ale i opak se dá pořád ještě udělat nápaditě. Stvořitel (The Creator) dokázal to, o čem jsem dlouho jen snil: postavit konflikt tak, aby se divák začal obávat, už jen když zaslechne angličtinu. Film vystavěný v paralele ke snímkům o válce ve Vietnamu. Americká armáda (U.S. ARMY) jako hypermoderní fašista, jako Sauron (oko Nomáda) a jako Impérium z hvězdných válek v jednom (když na konci z nebe spadne děsivý Nomád, je vyobrazený jako zničená Hvězda smrti). Protivníky jsou skuteční rebelové: ne-bílí, lidi z východní a jižní Asie, roboti, krávy (juxtapozice obrazů jsou více než zřetelný). "Víš, co by se vám stalo, kdybyste prohráli?" ptá se jeden z rebelů zajatého Američana. "Vůbec nic." Jen povstalci by konečně mohli v klidu žít.

Stvořitel je skvělý film, protiamerický jen zdánlivě, spíš vypointoval, proč jsme o bílých jezdcích přestali psát oslavné příběhy. Musel jsem si často připomínat, že se jedná o americký film s americkou produkcí: jen opravdu statečná společnost se sama umí nazřít jako děsivá, umí se podívat na svůj nepěkný obraz do zrcadla (kdo na planetě to vedle Němců zvládl?).

[Estetika bílých jezdců pomáhá zorientovat se dodnes: izraelská hi-tech armáda drtící hemžící se skřety v arafatkách se vepisuje do předmoderního schématu (skřeti přece nemají civilisty, jsou rasou-armádou; svědomí zůstává klidné); ukrajinští zbojníci a kozáci se zase postmoderně postavili šedi opričnické fašistické dystopie.]

[rausule]

GRAVITAS COGNATIO

Momentum gentis in societate Romana valde significant. temporibus praesertim originum. Quod patet in exsequiis, quando pater noviter defunctus ad praedecessores suos accedit, et gens eum cum eis celebrat, eum in processione per civitatem ad Forum cum processione trahens. Multi homines defuncti praecedunt larvam ceratam cum Patribus iam defunctis linimentis, commonentes civitatem quanti momenti illa nobilitas pro tota communitate esset. Praeter hunc modum celebrandi gens inter publica et privata fuit, alia omnino privata, festum carae cognatio, in qua propinqui gentis, artissimas, mortuorum sepulcra celebrabant. quo facto concordiam, mutuam societatem, proavos firmavit.

Portrait of Lucius Glunius Brutus, 4th century, Paris, National Library.Consanguinitas paterfamilias : sententia et scriba , opportunum momentum exempla, ex historia vel moribus sumpta, sententiam ducere possent, pater.

qui eum ad concordiae audiebant. Ciceronem cum ipsa republica eloquentiae vitaeque in republica artissima necessitudine fuisse edidisse, oratorum primorum unus fuisse existimans Brutum, qui rege expulso primum consulatum ab Roma sumpsit. . Oportet igitur ab initio usum habere oratorium, cum realibus eventibus coniungi, non semper magni momenti politici, sed ad quos necessaria est sententiarum expressio in exercitio immediato. In hac eloquentiae naturae politicae et iudicialis locus erat eloquentiae celebris naturae, qualis est laudatio funebris. Laudatoria oratio, habita funus patricii; Privatus autem, et familiaris, vel publicus, et a magistratu sustentari posset.

laudatio funebris

In aristocratico orbe, laudatio funebris occasio fuit, una cum singulis, tota nobili familia, et ad extremam pompam exsequiarum posita. Non improvisa, sicut naeniae, sed vera locutio scripta, cuius textus postea in archivo familiari servabatur. Ipsa res, in qua pronuntiatum est, demonstrare significatum est eius hominis non solum intra gentem, sed etiam intra urbem, cuius in historia singulae maiores eius generis fuissent: imagines demonstraverunt atque evocaverunt. in omnium memoria. Laudatio igitur indolem celebrem habuit, sed simul reale munus sociale habuit.

5. See CICERO, BRUTUS. LIII.

SUMMARIUM'

Early Latin prose had mostly official use; commentaria ad eam pertinent, i.e., recordatio rerum praecipuarum quae in magistratu gestae sunt, libros, i.e., statuta regularum, protocolla et statuta necessaria ad imperium exercendum, I. Fasti, quod significat utrumque consulum et magistratuum. qui Romae sequebantur fasti (cum annotatione dies fasti et nefasti dies) denique annales, collectio nominum magistratuum et rerum, quae quotannis a Summis Pontificibus gestae erant. Annales Maximi, a P. Mucio Scevola pontifice editis anno 123 a.C.n.

Cum lex una ex praecipuis notis mentis Romanae sit et una ex maximis legatis civilizationis Romanae ad humanitatem, magna pars prosae productionis, cum ultima aetas constet textuum iuridicis. Inter primos libros legum memorandum est leges regiae, dictae quod in monarchica aetate lucem viderunt, collectae, ut traditum est, C. Papirius.

Maximi momenti sunt leges XII tabularum, primum exemplum legum scriptarum et publicarum, ad quas edendas praecipuum corpus mandatum est, decemviri legibus scribundis. Leges lucem viderunt anno 451-450 a.C.n., tabulis aeneis insculptae et in Foro missae. Etiamnunc rigidi conservatismo notati, magni tamen momenti sunt quod arbitrium iudicum finiunt et aequam tractationem omnibus civibus praestarunt.

In societate Romana, oratorium magnum momentum sociale et politicum habuit. Primae orationes plane deperditae sunt; earum vestigia reperiri possunt in historiarum recentiorum historia. E regione oratoria politica statim evoluta est iudicialis. Celebris etiam locus celebris habetur oratorio, laudationes funebres testantur, orationes firmatae, in archivo familiari conscriptae et conservatae, solenniter in exsequiis civium familiarum patriciae celebratae. Praeter qualitates et res gestas defunctorum celebrandi occasio factae sunt totum aristocraticum ordinem extollendi.