#1st Kansas Colored Troops

[markerhunter]

Summary Statement, 4th Quarter, 1863 – Kansas Batteries

Summary Statement, 4th Quarter, 1863 – Kansas Batteries

Quarterly reviews of the Kansas batteries are always interesting, and demanding of attention. There were three formal batteries mustered and counted against the state’s quota of volunteers. And those did not have “conventional” lineages as we see with most state batteries. Furthermore, there were several sections formed within infantry and cavalry formations, which, while temporary, seemed always…

[greatworldwar2]

• 92nd Infantry Division

The 92nd Infantry Division was a segregated infantry division of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II. the American buffalo was selected as the divisional insignia due to the "Buffalo Soldiers" nickname, given to African American cavalrymen in the 19th century.

The 92nd Division was first constituted on paper October 24th, 1917 in the National Army, over six months after the U.S. entry into World War I. The division was commanded throughout most of its existence by Major General Charles C. Ballou and was composed of the 183rd Infantry Brigade with the 365th and 366th Infantry Regiments, and the 184th Infantry Brigade with the 367th and 368th Infantry Regiments, together with supporting artillery, engineer, medical and signal units attached. The division was organized on October 27th, 1917 at Camp Funston, Kansas. A special "negro zone" was to be built at the east end of Camp Funston, with "separate amusement places and exchanges." A.D. Jellison, a banker of Junction City, Kansas, gave a plot of land for a "community house," to be erected by the black men from the seven states which sent African-American trainees. As was the case with the 93rd Division, parts of the 92nd served under and alongside the French Army after both the main American Expeditionary Force, adhering to the racial policies of President Woodrow Wilson, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker, and southern Democrats who promoted the "separate but equal" doctrine, refused to allow African-American soldiers serve in combat with them. The 92nd Division saw combat in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive during November 1918.

The 92nd Infantry Divison was reactivated on October 15th, 1942, and was sent overseas on September 22nd, 1944. The division was reactivated as an infantry division with the "colored" designation, under the command of Major General Edward Almond, ten months after the American entry into World War II, at Fort Huachuca, Arizona and spent almost two years training in the United States. In late July 1944, the 370th Infantry Regiment was sent overseas to Italy and temporarily attached to the 1st Armored Division. The rest of the division would be sent overseas in September of that year, and the division as a whole would see heavy combat during the remainder of the Italian Campaign. During the 92nd Division's participation in the Italian Front, the Buffalo Soldiers made contact with units of many nationalities: beyond the attached 442nd Regimental Combat Team (442nd RCT), they also had contact with the colonial troops of the British and French colonial empires (Moroccans, Algerians, Senegalese, Indians, Gurkhas, Arab and Jewish Palestinians) as well as with exiled Poles, Greeks and Czechs, anti-fascist Italians and the troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB).

The division's commander, Major General Edward Almond, was for a time highly regarded by General George Marshall, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, who was a fellow Virginia Military Institute (VMI) graduate. This was a major factor in Almond's promotion to major general and subsequent command of the division, a position he held from its formation in October 1942 until August 1945. He led the division in combat throughout the Italian Campaign of 1944–1945. Almond was chosen by General Marshall to command the division because he believed Almond would excel at what was seen as a difficult assignment. However, Almond performed poorly and went on to blame his poor performance on the fact that the division was made up of largely African American troops. He saw his troops as the source of his failure in combat, and went on to advise the army against ever again using African American soldiers as combat troops.

The 370th Regimental Combat Team, attached to the 1st Armored Division, arrived in Naples, Italy, August 1st, 1944 and entered combat on 24th. It participated in the crossing of the Arno River, the occupation of Lucca and the penetration of the Gothic Line. Enemy resistance was negligible in its area. As Task Force 92, elements of the 92nd attacked on the Ligurian coastal flank toward Massa, October 5th. By the 12th, the slight gains achieved were lost to counterattacks. Elements of the 92nd moved to the Serchio sector, November 3rd, 1944, and advanced in the Serchio River Valley against light resistance, but the attempt to capture Castelnuovo di Garfagnana did not succeed. Patrol activities continued until December 26th, when the enemy attacked, forcing units of the 92nd to withdraw. The attack ended on December 28th. The attacking forces were mainly from the Republic of Salò's Fascist Army, the 4th Italian "Monte Rosa" Alpine Division. After continuing poor combat performance including many instances of unauthorized withdrawals upon meeting the enemy, low morale and malingering, the 92nd Infantry Division was considered of inferior quality both by German and U.S. commands and fit for only defensive roles. Things deteriorated to the point that the division was withdrawn from the lines and rebuilt in early 1945 with the removal of the 366th Infantry Regiment (formed into two engineer general service regiments) and the addition of the 473rd and 442nd Infantry Regiments.Many historians have begun to reevaluate the combat record of the 92nd Infantry Division as contemporaneous reports of its honorable performance have continued to surface. Numerous veterans of the division believed that the reports of poor performance were motivated by racist sentiments present within the senior officer ranks. Even as evidence mounts in support of the division's honorable conduct, some still seek to suppress these facts. The famous and highly decorated Nisei 442nd, made up of Japanese Americans, was withdrawn from the fighting in France to bolster the division's combat effectiveness. The 365th and 371st Infantry Regiments became training and security regiments, respectively, and were stationed in rear areas, although still nominally assigned to the division. On April 1st, the 370th RCT and the attached 442nd Regimental Combat Team (Nisei) attacked the Ligurian coastal sector and drove rapidly north against light opposition from the German 148th Infantry Division, which was supported only by Italian coastal units. The 370th took over the Serchio sector and pursued the retreating enemy from April 18th until the collapse of all enemy forces on April 29th, 1945. Elements of the 92nd Infantry Division entered La Spezia and Genoa on 27th and took over selected towns along the Ligurian coast until the enemy surrendered on May 2nd, 1945 when all German forces in Italy surrendered.

The numbers alone tell an impressive story. Of 12,846 Buffalo Soldiers who saw action, 2,848 were killed, captured or wounded. The Buffalo Soldiers did, in fact, break through the Gothic Line. They reached their objective, captured or helped to capture nearly 24,000 prisoners and received more than 12,000 decorations and citations for their gallantry in combat. The soldiers of the 92nd Infantry Division had proved their worth to America once again through months of bitter combat in the Italian Campaign. Two members of the 92nd Infantry Division were medal of honor recipients John R. Fox, and Vernon J. Baker. The Medal of Honor was not awarded to these recipients until 1997. The 92nd Infantry Division was the only African American infantry division to see combat in Europe during World War II, as part of the U.S. Fifth Army, fighting in the Italian Campaign.

[96thdayofrage]

Among the missing stories fromt Oklahoma and it pre-staehood history are the stories of slavery, the quest for freedom and the stories of the Freedmen. Embedded in the quest for freedom comes the story of men both enslaved and free, who enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War. This untold Oklahoma story is rich reflecting stories of courageous of these black freedom fighters who joined the battle for freedom. They are honored this week during Freedmen History Month

Almost 200,000 men of African descent served in the American Civil War. Within that large number were men who served in several portions of the Union Army--the United States Colored Troops, the Indian Home Guards and the 1st & 2nd Kansas Colored.

Within these units were men who had a background that distinguishes them from other soldiers. These men had lived in Indian Territory, within Five native tribes. Many had been slaves while in these tribes, and some or their parents had come to the Territory on the forced migration known widely as the Trail of Tears. The tribes from which they came are Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole Nations.

Many of these men have their names inscribed on the Civil War monument in Washington DC. Their participation in the Civil War is not widely known, even by many who descend from them. However, their legacy is a strong one, and as a result they are to be honored throughout this week, of Freedmen History month.

The Regiments in Which They Served

1st Indian Home Guards

2nd Indian Home Guards

3rd Indian Home Guards

1st Kansas Colored Infantry

2nd Kansas Colored Infantry

11th US Colored Infantry

54th US Colored Infantry

79th US Colored Infantry

83rd US Colored Infantry

Battles in Which They Fought

Baxter Springs, October 6, 1863 Kansas 2nd US Kansas Colored Infantry

Boggs Mills, January 11, 1864  Arkansas  11th US Colored Infantry

Cabin Creek, Cherokee Nation July 1-2 1863 and Nov 4,1865  2nd Kansas Colored, & 83rd US Colored Infantry

Clarksville January 18th 1865  79th US Colored Infantry

Cow Creek, Kansas November 14th  1864  54th US Colored Infantry

Ft. Gibson, September 16,1864  79th US Colored Infantry

Horse Head Creek Arkansas February 17, 1864  79th US Colored Infantry

Honey Springs July 17m 1864 1st Kansas Colored Infantry

Island Mound, Missouri October 27th & 29th 1862 1st Kansas Colored Infantry

Jenkins Ferry Arkansas April 30th 1864 83rd US Colored Infantry

Lawrence Kansas July 27th 1869  79th US Colored Infantry

Lotus Steamer (near Dardanelle) Jan 16, 1865 83rd US Colored Infantry

Poison Springs Arkansas  April 18th 1864  1st Kansas Colored Infantry

Prairie D'Ann  April 13th 1864  1st & 2nd Kansas Colored Infantries

Timber Hills, November 19th 1864  1st Kansas Colored Infantry

May the forgotten freedom fighters from Indian Territory long be remembered. Their legacy should no longer be overlooked.

[freetheshit-outofyou]

On This Day...

1775 – The Olive Branch Petition, adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, was signed by members of the Continental Congress. The petition was a final attempt to avoid a full-blown war between the Thirteen Colonies that the Congress represented, and Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. In August 1775 the colonies were formally declared to be in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion, and the petition was rejected in fact, although not having been received by the king before declaring the Congress-supporting colonists traitors. 1776 – In Philadelphia, the Liberty Bell rings out from the tower of the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall), summoning citizens to the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence, by Colonel John Nixon. On July 4, the historic document was adopted by delegates to the Continental Congress meeting in the State House. However, the Liberty Bell, which bore the apt biblical quotation, “Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof,” was not rung until the Declaration of Independence returned from the printer on July 8. In 1751, to commemorate the 50-year anniversary of Pennsylvania’s original constitution, the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly ordered the 2,000-pound copper and tin bell constructed. After being cracked during a test, and then recast twice, the bell was hung from the State House steeple in June 1753. Rung to call the Pennsylvania Assembly together and to summon people for special announcements and events, it was also rung on important occasions, such as when King George III ascended to the throne in 1761 and to call the people together to discuss Parliament’s controversial Stamp Act of 1765. With the outbreak of the American Revolution in April 1775, the bell was rung to announce the battles of Lexington and Concord. Its most famous tolling was on July 8, 1776, when it summoned Philadelphia citizens for the first reading of the Declaration of Independence. As the British advanced toward Philadelphia in the fall of 1777, the bell was removed from the city and hidden in Allentown to save it from being melted down by the British and used for cannons. After the British defeat in 1781, the bell was returned to Philadelphia, which was the nation’s capital from 1790 to 1800. In addition to marking important events, the bell tolled annually to celebrate George Washington’s birthday on February 22, and Independence Day on July 4. In 1839, the name “Liberty Bell” was first coined in a poem in an abolitionist pamphlet. The question of when the Liberty Bell acquired its famous fracture has been the subject of a good deal of historical dispute. In the most commonly accepted account, the bell suffered a major break while tolling for the funeral of the chief justice of the United States, John Marshall, in 1835, and in 1846 the crack expanded to its present size while in use to mark Washington’s birthday. After that date, it was regarded as unsuitable for ringing, but it was still ceremoniously tapped on occasion to commemorate important events. On June 6, 1944, when Allied forces invaded France, the sound of the bell’s dulled ring was broadcast by radio across the United States. In 1976, the Liberty Bell was moved to a new pavilion about 100 yards from Independence Hall in preparation for America’s bicentennial celebrations. 1778 – George Washington headquartered his Continental Army at West Point. 1918 – Ernest Hemingway is severely wounded while carrying a companion to safety on the Austro-Italian front during World War I. Hemingway, working as a Red Cross ambulance driver, was decorated for his heroism and sent home. Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Before joining the Red Cross, he worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. After the war, he married the wealthy Hadley Richardson. The couple moved to Paris, where they met other American expatriate writers, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and Ezra Pound. With their help and encouragement, Hemingway published his first book of short stories, in the U.S. in 1925, followed by the well-received The Sun Also Rises in 1926. Hemingway would marry three more times, and his romantic and sporting epics would be followed almost as closely as his writing. During the 1930s and ’40s, the hard-drinking Hemingway lived in Key West and then in Cuba while continuing to travel widely. He wrote The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, his first major literary work in nearly a decade. The book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. The same year, Hemingway was wounded in a plane crash, after which he became increasingly anxious and depressed. Like his father, he eventually committed suicide, shooting himself in 1961 in his home in Idaho. (Ernest Hemingway on crutches in 1918, outside the American Red Cross hospital in Milan. The protagonist in his World War I novel, A Farewell to Arms, is an American ambulance driver on the Italian front who was wounded in both legs.)  

1944 – The US 1st Army is reinforced with 2 divisions arriving from Britain. There is heavy fighting along the road from Carentan to Periers. 1947 – In New Mexico the Roswell Daily Record reported the military’s capture of a flying saucer. It became know as the Roswell Incident. Officials later called the debris a “harmless, high-altitude weather balloon. In 1994 the Air Force released a report saying the wreckage was part of a device used to spy on the Soviets. 1959 – Maj. Dale R. Ruis and Master Sgt. Chester M. Ovnand become the first Americans killed in the American phase of the Vietnam War when guerrillas strike a Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) compound in Bien Hoa, 20 miles northeast of Saigon. The group had arrived in South Vietnam on November 1, 1955, to provide military assistance. The organization consisted of U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps personnel who provided advice and assistance to the Ministry of Defense, Joint General Staff, corps and division commanders, training centers, and province and district headquarters. 1960 – The Soviet Union charged Francis Gary Powers, whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the country, with espionage. 1999 – An Air Force cargo jet took off from Seattle on a dangerous mission to Antarctica to drop medicine for Dr. Jerri Nielsen, a physician at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Center who had discovered a lump in her breast. The mission was successful; Nielsen was evacuated the following October. Congressional Medal of Honor Citations for Actions Taken This Day CARNEY, WILLIAM H. Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company C, 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry. Place and date: At Fort Wagner, S.C., 18 July 1863. Entered service at: New Bedford, Mass. Birth: Norfolk, Va. Date of issue: 23 May 1900. Citation: When the color sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. When the troops fell back he brought off the flag, under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded.

CO-RUX-TE-CHOD-ISH (Mad Bear) Rank and organization: Sergeant, Pawnee Scouts, U.S. Army. Place and date: At Republican River, Kans., 8 July 1869. Entered service at: ——. Birth: Nebraska. Date of issue: 24 August 1869. Citation: Ran out from the command in pursuit of a dismounted Indian; was shot down and badly wounded by a bullet from his own command.

SHEA, RICHARD T., JR. Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, Company A 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Sokkogae, Korea, 6 to 8 July 1953. Entered service at: Portsmouth, Va. Born: 3 January 1927, Portsmouth, Va. G.O. No.: 38, 8 June 1955. Citation: 1st Lt. Shea, executive officer, Company A, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and indomitable courage above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. On the night of 6 July, he was supervising the reinforcement of defensive positions when the enemy attacked with great numerical superiority. Voluntarily proceeding to the area most threatened, he organized and led a counterattack and, in the bitter fighting which ensued, closed with and killed 2 hostile soldiers with his trench knife. Calmly moving among the men, checking positions, steadying and urging the troops to hold firm, he fought side by side with them throughout the night. Despite heavy losses, the hostile force pressed the assault with determination, and at dawn made an all-out attempt to overrun friendly elements. Charging forward to meet the challenge, 1st Lt. Shea and his gallant men drove back the hostile troops. Elements of Company G joined the defense on the afternoon of 7 July, having lost key personnel through casualties. Immediately integrating these troops into his unit, 1st Lt. Shea rallied a group of 20 men and again charged the enemy. Although wounded in this action, he refused evacuation and continued to lead the counterattack. When the assaulting element was pinned down by heavy machine gun fire, he personally rushed the emplacement and, firing his carbine and lobbing grenades with deadly accuracy, neutralized the weapon and killed 3 of the enemy. With forceful leadership and by his heroic example, 1st Lt. Shea coordinated and directed a holding action throughout the night and the following morning. On 8 July, the enemy attacked again. Despite additional wounds, he launched a determined counterattack and was last seen in close hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. 1st Lt. Shea’s inspirational leadership and unflinching courage set an illustrious example of valor to the men of his regiment, reflecting lasting glory upon himself and upholding the noble traditions of the military service.

SOURCE

[civilwarren]

ANOTHER RARE IMAGE OF A SOLDIER WHO FOUGHT DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN INDIAN TERRITORY 1st Lt. William D. Matthews, Independent Battery, U. S. Colored Light Artillery William D. Matthews was born a Maryland slave, so information about his early years remains elusive. By 1854, Matthews was a Black pioneer in Leavenworth, Kansas, a stop on the Underground Railroad. He opened a restaurant that soon became the head station on the underground railway system, with Matthews the “general passenger traffic manager.” As a manager, he helped numerous runaways reach safety through the Leavenworth connection, and continued his underground work until he enlisted in the Union army on February 27, 1862. Between August 17 and November 25, 1862, Matthews recruited a company of 81 men for the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry. Because the state of Kansas had not officially authorized the recruitment of Colored troops, they could not be mustered into service, and therefore received no pay. In January 1863, the regiment was officially reorganized and mustered into service at Fort Scott, Kansas. William D. Matthews mustered into the Federal service on July 7, 1864, as a second lieutenant in the Independent Battery, U. S. Colored Light Artillery at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, becoming one of the 120 African-Americans commissioned as officers during the Civil War. He was promoted to first lieutenant on February 27, 1865, and assumed command of the battery when its captain became ill. He was mustered out of service on July 15, 1865. Image and info courtesy KansasMemory.org

[antoine-roquentin]

Early this month, Cori Bush was defeated in the St. Louis MO congressional primary, by Congressman Lacy Clay. Clay has held the seat since inheriting it from his father in 2001, and his father had it for 32 years. That’s 50 years of a congressman named Clay. Missouri’s first district includes Ferguson, an inner suburb of St. Louis. When four summers ago we saw a handful of public officials in the streets trying to chill out Ferguson protesters, there was a black congressman among them. But that was Emanuel Cleaver, from Kansas City, not the black face who’s family by then had repped the district a good 45 years.

Challenger Cori Bush lost no opportunities to remind people that Clay was AWOL during the entire Ferguson episode, but it was not enough. Bush campaigned on free college, not accepting corporate money, raising the minimum wage, restraining killer cops, more money for public education and Medicare For All, but that wasn’t enough either. She had a great personal story too, a single mother who earned a nursing degree, and spent a while living out of her car. Bush won the backing of Justice Democrats, a national outfit that had quite a lot to do with the mechanics of the Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez campaign in the Bronx a few weeks before. Unlike Ocasio-Cortez, Bush is not a member of Democratic Socialists of America , and has never identified herself as a socialist.

So how exactly did she lose? Nobody else seems willing to offer explanations, beyond shallow wisdom that “St. Louis MO ain’t da Bronx.” The folks who had a thousand good reasons Ocasio-Cortez was the front end of a blue wave have passed on explaining why this blue wave missed in Missouri.

The first thing to see is the obvious, that St. Louis really is NOT the Bronx. Ocasio-Cortez was a working class Puerto Rican woman in a largely Latino district, and her opponent was a 20 year incumbent white guy who was obviously ready to leave for a more lucrative career as a lobbyist. Lacy Clay on the other hand, really wanted to keep that St Louis congressional seat. In 2016 he faced another black woman who’d been tear gassed in the streets of Ferguson, state rep Nadya Chappelle-Nadal, who got 24 thousand votes to Clay’s 56 thousand. So unlike Crowley in the Bronx, Clay didn’t sleep the 2018 race, he ran up 81 thousand votes to Bush’s 53 thousand.

Another dimension in which St. Louis is not New York is voter turnout. New York Republicans and Democrats have deliberately engineered primary elections for low turnout, requiring votes to register as Democrats many months prior to election day just to be eligible. But in Missouri you show up and ask for the Democrat ballot. So Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez’s 57% of the vote was just under 17 thousand. But Clay’s 57% share in Missouri was 81 thousand, again to Bush’s 53 thousand. Ocasio-Cortez said it took 120,000 phone calls to get that. I don’t know yet how many calls Bush needed to get her 53 thousand but I’ll be asking.

We have to look at the national organizations which backed Ocasio-Cortez, Bush and the rest of this blue wave which is supposed to swamp Congress and state legislatures in 2018. There are at least 3 organizations which help raise money, funnel experienced campaign help, do social media, recruit national phone and text banking assists and more. Those would be Our Revolution, Brand New Congress and Justice Democrats. Brand New Congress claims to have “recruited” Ocasio-Cortez, who was previously one of those in charge of Bernie Sanders’ New York effort. A leader of Justice Democrats served as Cori Bush’s communications director, and both outfits named Bush, who’d run statewide in Missouri for US Senator in 2016, as one of their own. Unlike Ocasio-Cortez Cori Bush has never been a DSA member either, and has never called herself a socialist.

What Brand New Congress, Our Revolution, and Justice Democrats have in common are three things.

The first is a common commitment to taking over or rescuing the Democratic party.

The second is a real reluctance to make any but the sketchiest reference to anything that takes place outside the US – as if the US didn’t have troops in a hundred foreign countries, at least 800 bases in a hundred countries and a trillion dollar military budget supported by most of the Democrats in Congress. Justice Democrats has a statement at the end of their foreign policy that seems to put the military budget around $100 billion instead of the actual trillion, which ten times that size. Cori Bush’s page is typical of the blue wave, it doesn’t mention anything on foreign policy or empire at all.

The most optimistic way to see this collective blind spot is that maybe the blue wave of Congressional candidates don’t want to incur the wrath of the DCCC, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, which is running about 40 former CIA, Homeland Security, State Department, local police and military types for Congress this year, and has plenty money for last minute negative media offensives against would be peacenik congressional candidates in places where they don’t even have candidates.

The least optimistic view is that sketchy or absent references to US empire and foreign policy are how the blue wave candidates signal their willingness to adopt the imperial consensus if they are lucky enough to get elected. After all four fifths of the Congressional Black Caucus and just over half the House Progressive Caucus just voted for Trump’s record military 2019 military budget.

The third thing they all have in common is that few or none have distanced themselves from the drumbeat of RussiaGate, the nonsense that holds Russia responsible for Trump’s victory in 2016, that posits a credible ongoing Russian plot to steal the US elections. To our knowledge none of the blue wave candidates nor the national outfits which back them have stood apart from themselves tendency to label anybody to their left stooges of Russia either.

Bringing it back to St. Louis, Cori Bush had to face something Ocasio-Cortez didn’t. It was something her blue wave backers hadn’t dealt with either. It was the peculiarities of black politics in the US. The 1st CD Missouri is 50% black and there are some unique and well established characteristics of the Democratic party in districts like that, whether they’re in Chicago or Philly or Dallas or Atlanta or wherever.

The first is the black church, which is ridden with local, and since the advent of Bush’s and Obama’s faith based initiative, federal patronage. Black churches are often tied hand and foot to local politicians for everything from real estate deals to charter school contracts, and their leaders are often fixtures in local Democratic party affairs, even public officials themselves. The second is the nonprofit industrial complex, a literal army of advocacy groups sometimes doing housing and homeless activism, sometimes feeding the hungry, sometimes doing worker centers, womens health, tenants rights, LBGTQ activism, environmental stuff. There’s another section of the nonprofit industrial complex which can’t even be called nonpartisan with a straight face, offshoots of the NAACP and the Movement 4 Black Lives. These forces are tied to the political preferences of their corporate philanthropic funders. Executive directors of nonprofit organizations who don’t find a way to support the right Democrats in primary season and all Democrats in general election put their careers, the livelihoods of all their employees, and the outfit’s good works in jeopardy. And there are the unions – heavily public sector and disproportionately people of color, again all tied to the most right wing established Democrats on the local, state and federal level.

Unlike the troops the blue wave outfits can raise once every two years, these things are permanent institutions in black communities. Remember when Atlanta civil rights icon John Lewis stood up in Ebenezer Baptist Church to tell young black folks that free college tuition and free medical care were un-American and the crowd was with him? That’s the complex of forces against which relatively leftist electoral candidates in black communities must run. In old school political language that’s called a Machine, a standing bunch of political institutions which can put significant money into broadcast ads and mailings, speakers and preachers into pulpits, hundreds of bodies in the street and hundreds more the phone banks. Clay had them, and Bush did not. All Bush had was what she could raise on the issues.

The big blue wave outfits probably hadn’t done much work in black communities and didn’t know this. Maybe they were listening to DSA theoreticians like Adam Hiton who imagine the Democratic Party in such places has no real organization. But it’s organized, and it’s very, very real. If you’re going to knock out the right wing Democrats who dominate the electoral politics of black communities you have to do more than hire the right black consultants, although they and the Movement For Black Lives Electoral Justice Project will be glad to keep taking your money. Somebody has to build some other permanent organizations, some other centers of popular power in those communities. It hasn’t been done yet, and won’t be done before the 2018 midterm elections. That’s why Bernie didn’t crack the black vote in 2016, and that’s why the blue wave didn’t crash Missouri in 2018. It’ll be why the wave misses in other black constituencies.

these four orgs (DSA, Our Revolution, Justice Democrats, and Brand New Congress) form the main part of the “Bernie-electoral complex”. essentially, they offer to secure the consent of enthusiastic young workers with enough spare time to be electoral volunteers for the party in exchange for concessions from the Dem donor class, ie unions, lawyers, tech companies, non-profits, etc, on social welfare. thing is, most people in dire straits tend to go for the sure bet over any potential shift in electoral loyalties, which is why machine politics tend to go so well, at least until they don’t. they prefer to have the political patronage they know they already get, even if it’s very minimal, than to risk it on an unsure thing and watch it slip away. 

[iplanetsacademy]

THEME: MILITIA ACT OF 1792 | MILITIA ACT OF 1862 - MILITIA ACT OF JUNE 15 1864 | THE 9TH AND 10TH US CAVALRY | 24TH AND 25TH US INFANTRY | FIVE AFRICAN-AMERICAN VOLUNTEER ARMY UNITS AND SEVEN AFRICAN-AMERICAN NATIONAL GUARD UNITS | HARLEM HELLFIGHTERS | CORPORAL FREDDIE STOWERS, 2ND LIEUTENANT VERNON BAKER AND THE SIX OTHER AFRICAN-AMERICANS WHO WERE AWARDED THE MEDAL OF HONOR | MEMORIAL DAY  

Marines-"You can make use of Blacks and Mulattoes while you recruit, but you cannot enlist them." | The Militia Act of 1862, enacted July 17, 1862, was legislation that allowed African-Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers for the first time to free up white men to be combat soldiers | On the Confederate side, blacks, both free and slave, were used for labor. In the final months of the war, the Confederate Army was desperate for additional soldiers so the Confederate Congress voted to recruit black troops for combat; they were to be promised their freedom. Units were in training when the war ended, and none served in combat. | Many black regiments struggled for equal pay, some refusing any money until June 15, 1864, when Congress granted equal pay for all black soldiers. | President James Madison "if his negroes would not run on the approach of the British?" replied: "No Sir…they don't know how to run; they will die by their guns first." | Volunteer Army: 7th United States Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 8th United States Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 9th United States Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 10th United States Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 11th United States Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) National Guard:

3rd Alabama Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 8th Illinois Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) Companies A and B, 1st Indiana Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 23rd Kansas Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 3rd North Carolina Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 9th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) 6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry (Colored Troops) Of these units, only the 9th U.S., 8th Illinois, and 23rd Kansas served outside the United States during the war. All three units served in Cuba and suffered no losses to combat

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[jaunitaidv8593-blog]

Kansai’s Largest Urban area Is Urban As Well As Ugly.

Whether your trainees are growing researchers, developers or performance performers, the advanced Area of Fine arts as well as Sciences in Valencia, Spain, are going to have something to keep them all enraptured on a domestic vacation to the area. Anxiety of grabbing these very small, blood-sucking parasites from a contaminated resort space and also bring them residence has caused many people to cancel holiday season travel plans and do away with long-anticipated sees along with loved ones. Analysis reveals that exactly how your home is coordinated and also embellished guides your consuming habits - whether that implies nabbing an apple when you are actually thinking starving or even mindlessly raking with a bag of chips while viewing TELEVISION. Our houses can easily either be made to maintain our team well-balanced or made to make our company fat," claims Brian Wansink, Ph.D., supervisor of the Cornell Food and Brand Name Laboratory at Cornell College and author of Slim by Design: Meaningless Eating Solutions for Everyday Lifestyle." Coming from repositioning your refrigerator to cleaning up your house, listed below are actually 10 means you may keep your residence from disrupting your healthy and balanced eating efforts. 6: Via Argentina, residence to a mix of bars as well as clubs, featuring La Rana Dorada, a preferred brew bar along with its own microbrews at hand http://styleanbeautyblog.Info provided at half-price in the course of weekday pleased hours coming from noontime until 6 p.m. Across the street from La Rana is Live, a karaoke bar, and close-by is actually El Pavo Real with online rock-band shows every weekend. The plus-size lingerie choices professional, that has actually long been actually a supporter for physical body positivity, released a compilation of essays in 2014 gotten in touch with" A New Style: What Confident, Appeal, as well as Electrical Power Actually Look Like," through which she discusses her individual knowledge with sizeism as well as motivates women to create a healthy body graphic. Numerous bodies of water encompass Chattanooga, consisting of Chickamauga Lake and Nickajack Pond, which are part of the Tennessee River. As Well As in The big apple Area alone, black women are more than 12 opportunities as most likely as white colored women to perish due to pregnancy, Nixon mentioned, triggering clear gasps and also a cry of Jesus" from the target market. Get out, meet people, and also most of all, do not neglect your family members's life has actually needed to change also so make the effort to communicate sincere and openly along with all of them and also permit them to ask you concerns without anxiety of reprisals. The most affordable common denominator" concept (utilizing the phrase incredibly loosely) and also lowest-cost construction procedures, produce them look rude as well as low-priced (Google.com unsightly condominium" and 5 of the 21 outcomes on the 1st pictures web page lie in Seat). Come take a walk back over time as well as visit this famous symbol that boasts one of the 1st electricity office chairs, initial design, various coatings of paint-peeling wall surfaces, original penitentiary cels, and the websites where some extremely renowned films were actually recorded. New innovations account for one way that the government is tracking a severe outbreak of listeria linked to Blue Alarm frozen yogurt items. Greatest explored by watercraft or even foot, Cinque Terre, or even 5 lands," are a collection of five communities on the rugged northwestern coast of Liguria, Italy. However, it seems that as the sunlight specifies behind creating storm clouds, Chicago has a little case of cries. The Mexican and also spanish heritage of the area is celebrated throughout Old Community, consisting of finest Mexican food items and Margaritas. Yet just how may we fix up these terms of Jesus: However whoever blasphemes versus the Holy Spirit will definitely never ever have mercy, yet is actually guilty of long lasting transgression," (v. 30) with our dependence on the Daddy's unlimited passion as well as grace for our redemption, such that, God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him must certainly not perish yet have immortality" (Jn 3:16). The KC Blue Canine is actually a youth management and training course using baseball and regulation football as a resource to influence metropolitan youngsters in Kansas Area, KS. The KC Blue Dogs are a system of KICK Ministries. The colours work with the ongoing solution of the Sky Troop by night and day.

[k72ndst]

The Governors Island World War One Memorial Project has been successfully completed and three bronze tablets are back where they belong on the island. In three heartwarming rededication ceremonies held during Camp Doughboy WWI History Weekend, September 16-17, the memorials were unveiled by the U.S. Army’s storied 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division. The Iron Rangers traveled from Fort Riley, Kansas, to lead the ceremonies, and were joined by forty WWI reenactors.

The Memorial Project was focused on three sites: *Private Merle David Hay, one of the first three Americans killed in the war; *Captain Harry L. Kimmell, a company commander who died at Fléville; *General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces.

Over the years the three went missing or were damaged. The memorial project worked independently to fund the restoration, and I was happy to lead the efforts.

To have the Army send ten men to New York was amazing, and it was an incredible honor to host them on Governors Island. The color guard, dressed in reproduction WWI uniforms, was the same color guard that was in Paris in July for the U.S. WWI centennial ceremonies with the French government.

Lieutenant Colonel Jon Meredith, the battalion commander of 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry, led the command team. LTC Meredith delivered remarks on both days and truly was a fine leader to represent the famous Big Red One, and a regiment that had been stationed at Fort Jay from 1922 to 1942. It was the 16th Infantry that named the Governors Island roads, fields, and docks in 1928 for their fallen comrades of the Great War.

“It was here that our regiment was recognized by then Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, as ‘New York’s Own’, a name that we still proudly wear, even though we are now stationed closer to Manhattan, Kansas, than we are to the island of Manhattan,” LTC Meredith said. “Today I am joined by an honor detachment from the 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment as we return the ‘colors’ of the Regiment to Governors Island for the first time since World War II. This island truly holds a special place in the history of this great city, in the history of our nation, and the history of our regiment.”

After the opening ceremonies, a parade was held that began on the Parade Ground and marched to the first memorial. The color guard from Fort Riley led the procession, followed by the active duty soldiers and reenactors. The living history reenactors came from the Long Island Living History Association, the East Coast Doughboys, and the New Jersey Field Music Group.

The first memorial in the project to be rededicated was to General Pershing. In 1960, for the centennial of his birth, an oak tree was planted and a bronze plaque was unveiled. It stands in front of Pershing Hall, overlooking Manhattan. While the tree has done exceptionally well, the plaque was lost or stolen, so a new one was expertly replicated and rededicated. Dr. Libby O’Connell, commissioner on the U.S. World War I Centennial Commission, delivered the opening remarks, saying that General Pershing’s commitment to America can never be forgotten. LTC Meredith stepped up and said that he’s seen many memorials to General Pershing, but in his estimation this is the most fitting.

Following the remarks, the second memorial, just a few hundred yards away, was rededicated. It’s on Kimmell Road, and honors Captain Harry L. Kimmell, a U.S. Naval Academy midshipmen who left Annapolis and joined the Army. He went to France with the 16th Infantry and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, twice. Captain Kimmell died while leading Company C in combat. In a fitting tribute, remarks were given by an active duty soldier from the New York City area, Major Jared Nichols, the Battalion Executive Officer of 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry. Major Nichols wore a replica WWI uniform similar to what Captain Kimmell would have been attired in.

“In October of 1918 the 16th Regiment was ordered to attack to seize Fléville,” Major Nichols said. “It is remembered as one of the most horrific days in the history of the regiment. During the action around the town of Fléville, Captain Kimmell led Company C into action against a strongly held German position in the Argonne Forest. He was mortally wounded in the advance, but the company continued to fight to the objective. He died the following day. He was posthumously awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross, and was promoted to the rank of Major. He was 22 year old. You can visit him today at Arlington National Cemetery.”

“This past summer I had the chance to visit Fléville in the Meuse-Argonne,” Major Nichols continued. “It is a small medieval farming community that time has seemingly passed by. In the center of the town is Place du 16 Régiment d’Infanterie Etats Unis… a small stone monument with the crest of our own 16th Regiment. In the regimental history the men described attacking over the slain Doughboys of the 35th Infantry Division strewn about the ravines surrounding the town in the tangled terrain of the Argonne Forest. The three bloodiest days in the history of the regiment are The Wheatfield at Gettysburg, Omaha Beach, and the dark forests of Argonne in October of 1918…Going into action around Fléville the regiment mustered 3,500 men and 69 officers. Coming out of action only 1,800 men and 32 officers survived. Today all members of the Regiment wear a crest bearing the blue and white shield of that small town, in memory of the heroic actions of those that came before us. “

Two soldiers with the same rank unveiled Captain Kimmell’s new plaque: Captain Mark Gaudet, Bravo Company Commander, and Captain Jon Swanson, Assistant Operations Officer.

On Kimmell Road

The groups gathered the following day for a second day of ceremonies, one that saw a sleepy Sunday morning on Governors Island transformed into a grand parade. With the same participants as the day before, joined by civilians, the public, and Gen. Pershing reenactor David Shuey from Virginia on his horse, Aura Lea. The parade began by Castle Williams and proceeded past tree-lined Regimental Row to rededicate the bronze memorial to Private Merle David Hay, killed Nov. 3, 1917.

Lieutenant Colonel Meredith said, “Private Hay may have been the first killed as several hundred Germans conducted a surprise attack to test the inexperienced American troops. Witnesses saw Private Hay using a bayonet to fight two German soldiers during the battle, and he was found dead after the attack. Hay was found face down in the mud. He had been shot beneath his right eye. His throat was cut. The watch his mother had given him had stopped at 2:40 a.m. Next to him were Corporal James Gresham of Evansville, Indiana and Private Thomas Enright of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. “

“These were the first three Soldiers of the American Expeditionary Force Killed in Action in the trenches and mud of the Western Front,” LTC Meredith said. “Like our Soldiers today, Private Hay was a volunteer. Willing to fight for his country without question…116,500 American men would also fall before the Armistice on November 11, 1918. That is almost 350 men killed a day and every day that Americans were on the Western Front. In our battalion headquarters sits a photo of Hay, Gresham, and Enright; as a reminder to us of their sacrifice.”

The ceremony concluded with the rededication of Private Hay’s plaque and the unveiling by two enlisted men from his former unit, Sergeant Major Wirth, Operations Sergeant Major of the Iron Rangers; and Master Sergeant McInroy, former First Sergeant of Headquarters Company. The parade then took a trip from Hay Road and through the archway of Liggett Hall onto Division Road. This roadway is named for 1st Division, and the parade proceeded to pass by the memorial on it to Corporal Gresham. After the youngest members of the New Jersey Field Music Group beautifully rendered “Taps”, the parade continued back to the Parade Ground.

The three memorials were restored and installed by Peaceable Kingdom Memorials. The team of Beth Woolley, Peter Woolley, and Richard Ardolino did a magnificent job. The company has worked on numerous memorials and monuments on the Jersey Shore, many for veterans, so their work is appreciated on Governors Island.

I want to thank the National Park Service, the Trust For Governors Island, the men of the Iron Rangers, the WWI Centennial Committee for New York City, United War Veterans Council, and all of the reenactors (who braved the heat in wool uniforms). When I started this project a few years ago, I was not ever imagining that the installation and rededication ceremonies would ever be so grand and touching to take part in.

PHOTO GALLERY

WWI Memorial Project Completed on Governors Island The Governors Island World War One Memorial Project has been successfully completed and three bronze tablets are back where they belong on the island.

[veale2006-blog]

American History!!

February 12, 2017 Green Currin (October 20, 1842 or 1844 – October 21, 1918) was the first African American to serve in the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that existed before statehood in 1907. He was the author of the Oklahoma Territory's first civil rights legislation, a proposal to penalize racial violence, that failed by one vote.

Currin participated in the Land Run of 1889 and served as the grand master of an African American Masonic Order in Oklahoma.

Early life There is conflicting information about Currin's birth, which is listed as October 20, 1842, in Tennessee, in a published obituary and as 1844 in a 1900 U.S. Census for Oklahoma Territory.

After living in Nashville, Tennessee and Kansas, Currin participated in the Land Run of 1889 in Kingfisher County, Oklahoma Territory.

Political career A Republican, Currin, was one of five delegates elected to the Oklahoma Territorial House of Representatives from Kingfisher County, taking his seat August 27, 1890.

Due to an incident in Kingfisher in which three white men clubbed and injured an African American man, Currin authored House Bill 119, which penalized racial violence. After receiving approval in the Territorial House of Representatives, it failed by one vote in the Territorial Senate.

Currin did not run for re-election after his first term.

Masonic Order of Oklahoma Currin, like many African Americans of his time was involved in African American fraternal orders, serving as the grand master of the St. John Grand Lodge of the AF & AM Masonic Order of Oklahoma. Not long before his death, a Masonic temple was built in Boley, Oklahoma.

Later life, death and legacy Currin served as a deputy U.S. marshal and on the board of regents for the Colored Agricultural and Normal College known today as Langston University.

Currin was alive for Oklahoma statehood in 1907 and the election of A. C. Hamlin to the Oklahoma Legislature. He was also alive for the constitutional amendment intended to block potential black voters from registering and the 1915 case, Guinn v. United States, that struck it down.

The "grandfather clause" was responsible for an exodus of African Americans from Oklahoma to Canada.

Currin died at his home in Dover, Oklahoma on October 21, 1918, and was buried in Burns cemetery.

*Oscar Stanton De Priest (March 9, 1871 – May 12, 1951) was an American Republican politician and civil rights advocate from Chicago who served as a U.S. Representative from Illinois' 1st congressional district from 1929 to 1935. De Priest was the first African American to be elected to Congress from outside the southern states and the first in the 20th century. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress.

Born in Alabama to freedmen parents, De Priest was raised in Dayton, Ohio. He studied business and made a fortune in Chicago as a contractor, and in real estate and the stock market before the Crash. In Congress, he spoke out against racial discrimination, including at speaking events in the South; tried to integrate the House public restaurant; gained passage of an amendment to desegregate the Civilian Conservation Corps, one of the work programs under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal; and introduced anti-lynching legislation to the House (it was not passed because of the Solid South Democratic opposition).

Early life De Priest was born in 1871 in Florence, Alabama, to freedmen, former slaves of mixed race. He had a brother named Robert. His mother, Martha Karsner, worked part-time as a laundress, and his father Neander was a teamster, associated with the "Exodus" movement. After the Civil War, thousands of blacks left continued oppression by whites in the South by moving to other states that offered promises of freedom and greater economic opportunities, such as Kansas. Others moved later in the century.

In 1878, the year after Reconstruction had ended and federal troops been withdrawn from the region, the De Priests left Alabama for Dayton, Ohio. Violence had increased in Alabama as whites had tried to restore white supremacy: the elder De Priest had to save his friend, former U.S. Representative James T. Rapier, from a lynch mob, and a black man was killed on their doorstep. The boy Oscar attended local schools in Dayton.

Career Business De Priest went to Salina, Kansas, to study bookkeeping at the Salina Normal School, established also for the training of teachers.[2] In 1889 he moved to Chicago, Illinois, which had been booming as an industrial city. He worked first as an apprentice plasterer, house painter, and decorator. He became a successful contractor and real estate broker.

He built a fortune in the stock market and in real estate by helping black families move into formerly all-white neighborhoods, often ones formerly occupied by ethnic white immigrants and their descendants. There was population succession in many neighborhoods under the pressure of new migrants. From 1904 to 1908, De Priest was a member of the board of commissioners of Cook County, Illinois.

Politics De Priest was elected in 1914 to the Chicago City Council, serving from 1915 to 1917 as alderman from the 2nd Ward, on the South Side. He was Chicago’s first black alderman. In 1917 De Priest was indicted for alleged graft and resigned from the City Council. He hired nationally known Clarence Darrow as his defense attorney and was acquitted.

In 1919, De Priest ran unsuccessfully for alderman as a member of the People's Movement Club, a political organization he founded. In a few years, De Priest's black political organization became the most powerful of many in Chicago, and he became the top black politician under Chicago Republican mayor William Hale Thompson. De Priest in May 1922

In 1928, when Republican congressman Martin B. Madden died, Mayor Thompson selected De Priest to replace him on the ballot. He was the first African American elected to Congress outside the South and the first to be elected in the 20th century. He represented the 1st Congressional District of Illinois (which included The Loop and part of the South Side of Chicago) as a Republican. During De Priest's three consecutive terms (1929–1935), he was the only black representative in Congress. He introduced several anti-discrimination bills during these years of the Great Depression.

DePriest's 1933 amendment barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure, was passed by the Senate and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His anti-lynching bill failed due to opposition by the white conservative Democrats of the Solid South, although it would not have made lynching a federal crime. (Previous anti-lynching bills had also failed to pass the Senate, which was dominated by the South since its disenfranchisement of blacks at the turn of the century.) A third proposal, a bill to permit a transfer of jurisdiction if a defendant believed he or she could not get a fair trial because of race or religion, was passed by a later Congress.

Civil rights activists criticized De Priest for opposing federal aid to the poor. But they applauded him for making public speeches in the South despite death threats. They also praised De Priest for telling an Alabama senator he was not big enough to prevent him from dining in the private Senate restaurant. (Some Congressmen ate in the Senate restaurant to avoid De Priest, who usually ate in the Members Dining Room designated for Congressmen.) The public areas of the House and Senate restaurants were segregated. The House accepted that De Priest sometimes brought black staff or visitors to the Members Dining Room, but objected when he entertained mixed groups there.

De Priest defended the right of students of Howard University, a historically black college in Washington, D.C., to eat in the public section of the House restaurant and not be restricted to a section in the basement near the kitchen, used mostly by black employees and visitors. He took this issue of discrimination against the students (and other black visitors) to a special bipartisan House committee. In a three-month-long heated debate, the Republican political minority argued that the restaurant's discriminatory practice violated 14th Amendment rights to equal access. The Democratic majority skirted the issue by claiming that the restaurant was a private facility and not open to the public. The House restaurant remained segregated due to white conservatives through much of the 1940s and maybe as late as 1952.

In 1929, De Priest made national news when First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House.

De Priest appointed Benjamin O. Davis Jr. to the United States Military Academy at a time when the only African-American line officer in the Army was Davis's father.

By the early 1930s, De Priest's popularity waned because he continued to oppose higher taxes on the rich and fought Depression-era federal relief programs under President Roosevelt. De Priest was defeated in 1934 by Democrat Arthur W. Mitchell, who was also African-American. After returning to his businesses and political life in Chicago, De Priest was elected again to the Chicago City Council in 1943 as alderman of the 3rd Ward, serving until 1947. He died in Chicago at 80 and is buried in Graceland Cemetery.

Personal life Oscar married the former Jessie L. Williams (c.?1873 – March 31, 1961). They had two sons together: Laurence W. (c.?1900 – July 28, 1916), who died at the age of 16 and Oscar Stanton De Priest, Jr. (May 24, 1906 – November 8, 1983) A grandson of Oscar De Priest, Jr., Philip R. DePriest, became the administrator of his estate after his grandmother's death in 1992. This included his great-grandfather's Oscar De Priest House, now a National Historic Landmark, which still held his locked political office. This had not been touched since about 1951. This great-grandson has been working to restore the office and house, and assessing the political archives - "a veritable treasure trove."

Legacy and honors    The house in Chicago, at 45th and King Drive, has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and city landmark.

Know Your History!!

Have a blessed day and week. May Yeshua the Messiah bless you, Love, Debbie

[markerhunter]

Summary Statement, 3rd Quarter, 1863 – Missing Batteries

Summary Statement, 3rd Quarter, 1863 – Missing Batteries

With the final entry for Wisconsin, I’ve presented all the sections from the Ordnance Summary Statements for the third quarter of 1863.  Those covered equipment reported from “light” batteries, or any other unit reporting field artillery on hand.  With any such accounting, and in particular during wartime, there will be gaps and missing information.  When I started these summary statement…

[civilwarren]

TRUE RELIC OF THE CIVIL WAR IN INDIAN TERRITORY: STAND WATIE'S CHEROKEE BRAVES FLAG This flag was carried by Colonel Stand Watie’s Cherokee Mounted Rifles; the body of the flag is the First National pattern flag of the Confederate States; the canton is blue with eleven white stars in a circle, surrounding five red stars representing the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole); the large red star in the center represents the Cherokee Nation. “Cherokee Braves” is lettered in red in the center of the white stripe. The 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles was organized in July 1861, under the command of Colonel John Drew, and consisted of full-blood Cherokees. The 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles was organized under the command of Colonel Stand Waite, and consisted of Cherokees of mixed blood. A portion of Drew’s regiment deserted in late 1861; the majority of the remainder deserted following the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Fort Wayne in October 1862. The remaining members of Drew’s regiment combined with Waite’s and were reorganized as the 1st Regiment Cherokee Mounted Rifles; during the Civil War Waite’s regiment participated in twenty-seven major engagements and numerous skirmishes. Most of his activities utilized guerilla warfare tactics. The flag was one of two captured by Lieutenant David Whittaker of Company B, 10th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry at Locust Grove, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, on July 3, 1862. Following the Battle of Locust Grove, Lieutenant Whittaker continued his military career, serving as provost marshal for the 1st Division of the Army of the Frontier and in St. Louis, Missouri. While in St. Louis, he was a member of a Board of Officers that examined and reported upon the qualifications of applicants for appointment as commissioned officers of colored troops. He was mustered out of service on August 19, 1864 at the expiration of his enlistment. Returning to Doniphan County, Kansas, Whittaker was elected to the Kansas legislature in 1869 and re-elected the following year. In March 1869 he was appointed one of the commissioners to audit civilian claims from the 1864 Price Raid. In 1870 Whittaker was appointed adjutant general of Kansas and confirmed by the Kansas Senate with the rank of colonel. He served in that capacity during Governor James Harvey’s term of office. David Whittaker died on September 6, 1904 at Topeka, Kansas. Image Courtesy Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield; WICR 30118 info courtesy: Civil War Virtual Museum

[civilwarren]

THE 1ST BATTLE OF CABIN CREEK  -- JULY 1 -2, 1863

The action known as the 1st Battle of Cabin Creek began at a point approximately three and one-half miles north of present-day Pensacola, Mayes County, Oklahoma. This is where the old Texas Road fords Cabin Creek. It was used by the Union army to supply Fort Gibson, Indian Territory during the Civil War, and the road was also utilized by Confederate forces.

A Confederate force under Col. Stand Watie tried to capture a Federal wagon train on the Texas Road en route from Fort Scott, Kansas to Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.

Col. James M. Williams of the 2nd Kansas Cavalry was the commander the Union troops guarding the wagons. His force consisted of detachments from the Second Colorado Infantry, Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Sixth and Ninth Kansas Cavalry, Third Indian Home Guard, and First Kansas Colored Infantry.

Watie had intended to ambush Williams' convoy and had 1,600 to 1,800 men lying in wait at the Cabin Creek crossing.  The Confederate colonel had counted on 1,500 additional men, led by Brigadier General William L. Cabell to strengthen his force prior to the attack, but Cabell's troops were delayed by high waters on the Grand River.

Williams arrived at the crossing on July 1 and learned of the intentions of Watie's force from captured Confederate soldiers.  Watie's battle line extended about one mile on either side of the crossing in shallow dug trenches and hastily made barricades made from the brush lining the creek bank. Owing to the unusually high water level in the creek, which reached above shoulder height, Williams chose to delay his attack on the Confederates until the following day and corralled his wagons defensively on a nearby prairie.

If Watie wanted the wagon train, Williams determined the Confederates would pay a high price for it.

Photo of  Colonel James M. Williams, 2nd Kansas Cavalry. Courtesy: Kansas Historical Society.