#12 chickens generally lay 6-12 eggs per day

[kedreeva]

There's some dude (derogatory) on FB who is PISSED people are pricing their farm fresh eggs at $2 and $3 a dozen instead of $4+, saying it's "disrespectful" and "undignified" and "I'm trying to feed my kids" like Sir, you are on a Facebook group page bitching about your neighbors egg prices because your pet chickens aren't earning you a living wage and you think it's your neighbors' fault, you do not have a leg to stand on here wrt dignity.

Also half the answers are like "I give them to friends and family free" or "I donate them to food banks" or "I'm making them affordable to folks who might not otherwise be able to get them now that they're so expensive in the store" and "if you think you're going to turn a profit keeping backyard chickens you have been wildly misled" and so on, and so forth, and I'm so living for it.

and I can tell you right now, he did NOT like my answer of "if you're trying to feed your kids, I hear eggs are edible."

[hekates-corner]

Apothecary Diaries | WN Translation | Arc 9 - Chapter 12

Hey, whichever way you found this: Welcome!

For a couple of reasons I ended up here - I relay all that happens in the chapters, playing wine-aunt, as I translate to the best of my abilities.

So, be warned, all the spoilers are waiting down below. Want spoilers - but less? My dm's/asks are open!

New here? Here's the Masterlist.

Enjoy!

Chapter 12 | Farming

For the next two days, Maomao and the others helped Nenshin with his work.

Which was pretty close to the answer Maomao was looking for.

Narrator-Mao leads us through the explanation that, after putting the hoe in the ground and turning over the damp soil, they found worms, ants and small beetles - as well as long masses/clumps, where a closer look revealed that they were eggs/egg masses.

The chicken that had been pecking at the worms then pecked at the egg mass. In her head she wonders “Locust eggs?”

As narrator she lets us know that she would’ve liked to calculate how many there were per tan, but that she didn’t have the time to do that. Once she found an egg the chicken had missed, she picked it up and put it in a jar.

In her mind she notes how many there must be.

Narrator-Mao goes on talking about how people who hate insects would go crazy about this, even if the contents of her jar are still few. Despite being used to dissecting locusts, it’s not something she wants to see or likes either.

Meanwhile she lets us in on the fact that Lahan-nii, the expert farmer, had a special way of holding the hoe - while Basen had his incredible strength and how different the amount of soil is they have to dig up.

In her head she’s just glad that Basen is doing things right.

Narrator-Mao tells us that she’d been worried he’d refuse, because it’s not the job of a soldier, but apparently she was lucky that Jinshi cared about locusts quite a bit. So, Basen quietly helped her.

Thanks to that, she fills us in, the guards and farmers they’d brought along were also helping her. It looks like they’ll be done with the digging by the end of the day.

In addition, Chue - who had joined before they knew it - was moving around near the two of them, collecting locust eggs. Two children were behind her. They’re the siblings that ate the roasted sweet potato - and they seem to think that if they help they’ll get more of them.

“Maomao-san, there are a lot of them, would you like to see them?”

“Chue-san, I don’t want to see them. If it’s mantis eggs, I’ll take it.”

Mantis eggs, she tells us, are used as a medicine called Sohyosho. Since it can’t be acquired in large quantities, it’s quite valuable. (that’s real btw)

“The eggs here are about to hatch. A small one’s coming out.”

“It’s already spring, isn’t it?”

One generation of flying locusts is as long as 3 months, starting march. It's said that they lay about 100 eggs each at a time. This is what was written in the encyclopedia that was in the Shi clan’s fortress. Those born in spring lay new eggs in summer.

They don’t breed all year round, and at this time of year, the eggs laid in the fall are hatching. The eggs are laid hidden in the ground, exposed by akiko/autumn plowing - and once exposed, they become food for birds and small animals.

Maomao wonders, in her mind, if Lahan (the actual one) hadn’t said that before.

Narrator-Mao notes something about him having mentioned rat/mousecalculation.

One pair of mice births 12 children - making the total 14. Of those 12 children, 6 females and the mother bring 7 more pairs into the world - from which, each of them births another twelve.

Of course, this formula is just a theoretical calculation. Not everything grows without dying.

If the number of locusts were to increase in the same way as this rat-calculation, it will be important to reduce the number at an earlier stage.

She calculates in her head that a mass of locust eggs is about 100, 100 times ten is 1000, 100 times 100 is 10.000.

Narrator-Mao goes on that, if they were to get rid of them now, they could lower the amount of locusts appearing later by many times - and that it seems locusts lay their eggs in areas that are moist to some degree.

She thinks that, since there’s a river nearby and plenty of grass to feed on, this area is the perfect spawning ground.

Then notes as narrator that the reason why they (villagers) didn’t dare to cultivate a field is probably to attract locusts.

At that point Nenshin approaches her, a glass of locust eggs in hand.

“Now all that’s left to do is burn them.”

“That’s good to hear.”

“Ah. Last year I missed a lot of locusts because I was late with this.”

Narrator-Mao recalls that a farmer of this village had also said that they had a lot of damage from locusts the year before.

“Was the yield quite small?” She asks and Nenshin nods.

“We don’t have any savings, just what we eat. If we pay taxes, we’ll starve. We would no longer be able to afford to buy daily necessities from peddlers, so we would have so sell our cattle.”

“But you said that the feudal lord not only exempted you from taxes but also gave you support.”

“That’s right, he’s a really nice lord.” Once again, Nenshin made a face as if he was going to throw up.

Maomao then asks him directly something along the lines of “What is it that you don’t like about that? It seems like you have a thorn in your side/like it's a thorn in your eye.”

Nenshin explains that, he’s not saying this as former bandit, but they(village people) are just trying to take what they can get. To him, they’re like locusts. If you don’t want to starve, you should take proper care of your field - so that you don’t starve.

Maomao asks if "that’s why" - the reason why the fields in this village aren’t well taken care of is that.

Nenshin responds: “That’s right. It was the same with last years bugs.” and goes on to explain that while they were disgusted, looking at their fields being eaten with dismay - the village chief was always thinking about how he could get the sympathy of the lord, always thinking about how he could make him cry. Nenshin felt like a fool, pulling off the locusts that were biting the leaves and killing them one by one.

Narrator-Mao wonders if the fear of past locust plagues has changed Nenshin - because this doesn’t seem like the behavior of a former bandit who has done all kinds of evil deeds.

She then corrects herself in her mind: No, that’s wrong.

As narrator adding that, from the start, Nenshin probably had an earnest/serious personality. He was born and raised as a bandit, so he learned how to use a bow and started killing people as he was told.

Ethics isn’t something you are born with.

“And judging from the current atmosphere in the village, it seems like they received a lot of money.”

“Right. This hasn’t changed in the last ten years. Even if the harvest fails, the lord will help us. He’s a good lord to everyone.”

In her mind she wonders “Good lord..”

Narrator-Mao wonders where the money for this support comes from. It could be extracted from trade. If Saito was that prosperous, it’s fine to send the money to rural areas.

“If you’re making the money, I think it would be better to build at least one of those waterways/canals.”

She goes on, as narrator, that the less labor is involved in transporting water, the more different work can be done. They could even cultivate new fields.

Nenshin admits that that’s what “that man Rikuson” had said too - Maomao replies with a simple “Is that so.”

Narrator-Mao then tells us again that, once she’s back in Saito, she has to find out how Rikuson found out about the former serf’s existence.

(And then, after all this, days worth of work they did for him, mind you……..)

“By the way, I’m sorry to ask you to help me with my work, but don’t you have other business in this village?”

“Business…….” - Maomao rests her chin on the handle of her hoe and closes her eyes.

“Ah!” - Maomao looks around. She approaches Lahan-nii, who isn’t only digging up the soil but also starting to make ridges.

Maomao: We won’t plant anything here.

Lahan-nii: ?!

She thinks “Shit, he’s making his usual face.”

He(?) denies it, but the farmers are completely on board.

“By the way, aren’t you going to spread the popularity of potatoes? I think that’s why you brought the seed potatoes.”

“..... that’s about it.”

It seems like Lahan-nii has something on his mind.

“The people here have no willingness/motivation to work in the fields, right? If they were to produce more potatoes, do you think they would cultivate them properly? They probably won’t use the old fields for new crops, and I don’t think they have the willpower to cultivate new land.”

“Certainly/Indeed.” Maomao is convinved.

Lahan-nii says that that’s why he wanted to meet the only person who cultivated a decent farm.

Maomao catches on, goes “So that’s what it’s about.” but Lahan-nii already knows better as well: “But I don’t think that old man can do it.”

Maomao agrees, with a simple “It’s impossible, I guess.”

The last former serf of this village. In addition to working on his own field, he also has to perform the fall plowing ceremony, which is called a ritual. Work that was supposed to be completed in fall, continuing into the spring, so no matter how you look at it, there’s not enough manpower.

“Can’t we just leave one person here to help?” They look at the other farmers.

Lahan-nii argues that the people he brought with him are here because he is *in case she’s wondering*. It’s not good to be left behind in an unfamiliar place/You can’t just leave them in an unfamiliar land, in the middle of nowhere.

They seem to have been brought all the way from Hisashi-Shuu.

“Right.” - Narrator-Mao notes that Lahan-nii acts like an older brother in the strangest ways - and that, if he had been born into a normal family, he would’ve been a good eldest son. (damn girl)

Lahan-nii adds that he’s glad his father isn’t there - and something about how he said he’d show them the potential of potatoes yet he didn’t actually know what to do. (the second part’s not wanting to be read, clearly.)

Maomao then says something along the lines of “Let’s at least make the sweet potatoes tasty….. Potatoes……” (it’s a fragmented sentence I can’t make full sense of)

Maomao looks at the two children clinging to Chue’s back. She sets down the hoe and approaches them.

“Hey, you want to eat the sweet potato again sometime”

“Want to eat!”

“I want to eat it! I want to eat!”

The sibling's eyes sparkled.

“It’s my first time eating something so sweet. It was sweet like a raisin.”

“Raisins?”

“Sweets are precious around here. There’s no honey and sugar is a luxury item.”

Chue spins around with a large jar on her head.

“... I wonder, can we use that/Could that work?”

Maomao grinned/chuckled and returned to Lahan-nii.

| Notes & Chapter 13

At long last, a chapter that didn't completely hate being translated.

There's not much to say this time. There is the expression thing where it's not quite clear for me if Maomao is pulling an expression or if it's Lahan-nii, but we'll survive that. The same goes with where Nenshin has the thorn.

I honestly just love it for Nenshin that he waited days, until they were about to wrap up all the work, before asking if it's fine for them to spend all their time with his task. Just, gold.

Anyway, I hope you enjoyed this one. I'll see you soon with the next. Stay safe!

[kariachi]

If we use my 'put a decimal point before the last two numbers' method of converting poke into dollars, then in Galar at least we see that boiled Chansey eggs retail at about $22 (and we can assume they're Chansey eggs given the size and price, Blissey eggs would likely be more costly). Assuming that a boiled egg retails at about 3x the price of a raw egg (a rough estimate, the cost seems to vary widely but I'm going with a rough average) that means we can probably expect a Chansey egg to retail at about $7.30 each.

For real world comparison- a chicken egg can retail at 15-17 cents, and the closer-in-size ostrich egg seem to retail at $30-50. But Chansey eggs are much bigger than chicken eggs and much more readily available than ostrich eggs. An ostrich can lay 6 to 12 eggs a year, while we've previously discussed a Chansey likely puts out about 14 a week.

Which honestly even if we assume like chickens they only lay for about 2/3 of the year would still have them pumping out more than chickens do, though with a far lower population than chickens have. I mean, your best odds of finding Chansey in the wild in the non-overworld games are 5%, plus they seem like a species that would need careful attention and good husbandry, these are some rare fuckers.

But, back to numbers. Average retail price is 50% again that of the wholesale price, so from here we can find the wholesale price of Chansey eggs in Galar is likely about $4.87 cents. Over 30x the price of a chicken egg.

If we assume a Chansey egg is the size of a ostrich egg- which is the lowball estimate by the way, some art makes it seem up to twice that size- then that's about 24x as much egg per egg. For at least that much more, assuming other pokemon kept for egg production function more similarly to chickens as far as product size and availability, which isn't an unlikely assumption. But, given the size and nutritional value of the eggs, and the rarity of the pokemon, the price isn't all that surprising.

Your average person is probably only buying Chansey eggs if they're hosting something, trying to show off, or it's a special occasion and they don't mind having a mountain of leftovers if they get to splurge. This is probably part of why the egg you get in SwSh is packaged individually, because retail purchases are, as a rule, for situations where you're probably only going to need one egg. If you need more, you can buy more, but you're probably not going to need a lot of them. Instead most Chansey egg sales probably go to restaurants, bakeries, school and hospital cafeterias, places like that where you're going to need a whole lot of egg to feed a whole lot of people. And that lot are probably paying nearly $60 per dozen for them.

As an aside, I generally write it that Blissey lay only one egg a day, given the pokedex doesn't specifically mention laying multiple like it does for Chansey and also the special properties of that egg likely requiring more production time. Between that, the properties of the egg adding to it's value, the rarity of Blissey in general, and again special care requirements, I think we can safely expect a damn good price jump. Mathing is getting me an estimated wholesale price of about $200 dollars per egg (and trust me it could be worse, I could be lowballing this). So, retail price would be about $300, price for a dozen would probably be about $2,400 wholesale and $3,600 retail.

Most Blissey egg sales are probably going to the wealthy, or more specifically businesses who cook for wealthy clientele. And wedding caterers, probably. If you want any, your best bet is to get a Blissey of your own or make friends with someone who has a Blissey.

It probably wouldn't be too difficult.

[splicer02]

Homebrew Item: Belt of Chaotic Potions

NOTE: This has not been tested, I'm planning on changing the effects based on situations.

Item Description: A long leather belt, it can either be worn across the chest as a bandoleer belt, or crossed around the hips. The belt is covered in runes, a skilled magic user can possibly tell that these runes basically mean Chaos and Creation (transmutation). There are four pouches on the belt for potions, they can be slid up and down to position anywhere. In my game, the item was a gift and came with a set of instructions. If you wanted to, you could just have the belt already be full of water vials, and surprise the player after a long rest.

Rules: Obviously you can use this list for whatever, but here is the intended purpose. The Potion Belt has 4 spots for vials. Before a long rest, you put a vial filled with water in each of them. After the long rest, roll on this table 4 times, noting the order (1, 2, 3, 4) so when they go to use one you can keep track of which one it is. The player can attempt to identify the potion, using something like Arcana or maybe even a new skill. Describe the visual details (keep track of that, and hopefully the player keeps track too because they can use that knowledge to identify the potion in the future), smell, etc. I've roughed out this for identification. 1-5 - they have no idea what this potion might do 5-15 - they have a rough idea of if this potion is good or bad (drink or throw it at someone) 15-20 - they know what this potion does

Any vials filled with water can be used in the belt, if the vial is empty or filled with something other than water than nothing happens to that vial. Negative effects have a relevant save DC of 15 (I know there are some written, I came up with this general rule after), and the times in here are kind of arbitrary, make them last however long you think works. Some of them are meant to be thrown, some are meant to be consumed, as the player doesn't know what they do this can lead to some pretty fun results.Most of these are meant for fun, so play around with it based on what suits the situations.

Potions below

Potions (percentile die): 1: Delusion - User believes that the potion bestows a useful magical effect based on the situation. 2: Scales - AC increased by 2 for 1d4 hours, colour matches eye colour 3: Skin Colour Change - 1d6, skin changes colour for 1d4 days      1 - fluorescent pink      2 - green      3 - blue      4 - purple      5 - black with stars      6 - red 4: Liquid Rock - when the liquid is removed from the vial, it turns into a stone 5: Butterflies - when opened, a swarm of butteflies is released 6: Fabric Acid - melts away any clothing it touches 7: Nekovoice - target meows instead of speaking for 1d4 minutes 8: Eyedrops - just.. sterile eyedrops 9: Liquid Wookie - causes hair to sprout wherever it touches 10: Stagger potion - causes loss of balance, disadvantage on dexterity checks for 1d4 minutes 11: Illiteracy - the person forgets how to read and write all languages 12: Spasm potion - any time the target uses an action, roll a d10. On a 1, they twitch and lose the action. This lasts for 1 minute. 13: Fire - ignites on impact, dealing 1d6 damage on first round, ignites flamable material and deals 1d4 if fire continues 14: Shards - deals 1d6 piercing damage, target takes 1d4 damage whenever they use that body part for 1 hour 15: Numbness - Thrown: choose a limb. If a 17-20 is rolled, potion hits that limb and causes numbness, unable to use limb for 1d4 minutes. Lower rolls can hit other parts of body 16: Random drink - roll 1d10      1 - Wine      2 - Rum      3 - Beer      4 - Milk      5 - Tea      6 - Coffee      7 - Hotsauce      8 - Hot Cocoa      9 - Gravy      10- Cordial 17: Bards Brew - the next 3 sentences said must be rhymes 18: Gender - Swaps your gender for 1d4 hours 19: Reset - seemingly has no effect, 1d4 minutes later teleports target back to place where potion was used 20: Minor Healing Potion 21: Illusionary fire - target thinks they are on fire for 1d4 minutes, wisdom save 15DC 22: Attractive - target becomes instantly attractive for 1d4 hours 23: Confetti - explodes in confetti 24: Gravity Water - water falls out upside-down 25: Love Potion - you fall in love with everybody you meet for 1d4 minutes 26: Grass - Grass and flowers grow where this potion touches. Causes existing plants to grow to twice their size rappildy, causing difficult terrain. 27: Amnesia - you forget where you are and why you are there for 1d4 minutes 28: Levitate - you levitate 4 inches above the ground for 1d4 minutes. Movement must be made by pushing or pulling against something. 29: Third Eye - you grow a third eye on your head for 1d4 hours, granting +2 to perception 30: Mutation - you grow an extra toe on each foot and extra finger on each hand for 1d4 hours 31: Hair Colour - same rules as skin colour change 32: Dance - forces the creature to dance for 1d4 minutes 33: Mana - restores 1 first level spell slot - must be used within 1 hour 34: Flight - you gain a flying speed of 10ft but lose your walking speed for 1d4 minutes 35: Drunk - Causes instant drunkeness for 1d4-con hours - disadvantage on dexterity, wisdom, and inteligence, advantage on charisma and strength 36: False Invisibility - causes the belief that they are invisible for 1d4 minutes 37: Tiny Wish - can make 1 wish, will grant the wish on an extremely small scale 38: Slime - when opened, spawns 1d4 baby slimes, non hostile 39: Language - learns one additional language, chosen by the DM, but cannot speak it 40: Jump - Double jump height for 1d4 minutes 41: Speed - double movement speed for 1d4 minutes 42: Smoke - when opened, smoke spews from the bottle for 1d4 minutes, obscuring the area 43: Illusionary Fire Breath - belch fire with the same visual effect as the dragonborn fire breath 44: Bubbles - every time the creature opens its mouth, bubbles come out for. lasts 1d4 minutes 45: Stat Boost - +1 to a random stat for 1d4 minutes 46: Magnetic liquid - causes any metal objects in the area to fly towards the liquid 47: Blood Thinner - causes bleeding damage (1HP per round) from all phisical attacks for 1d4 minutes 48: Random Liquid 1d10      1 - Blood      2 - Oil      3 - Perfume      4 - Ink      5 - Garbage juice      6 - Cooking Oil      7 - Chloroform      8 - Soap      9 - Adhesive      10- False Poison (drinker seems dead for up to 1d4 minutes) 49: Shape change 1d10 for 10 seconds, can communicate telepathically and cast spells, otherwise cannot move. Turn back to normal if they take damage      1 - Mundane Animal      2 - Vegetable      3 - Object      4 - Item of Clothing      5 - Gas      6 - Liquid      7 - Statue      8 - Tree      9 - another player      10- insect 50: Sobriety - instantly become sober 51: Mimicry - can only mimic words and sounds for 1d4 minutes 52: Plant Voice - can only speak to plants for 1d4 minutes, others only hear a creaking sound 53: Hair growth - causes existing hair to grow at a rate of 1ft a minute for 1d4 minutes 54: Age - ages at a rate of 10 years a minute for 1d4 minutes, returns to normal at the end 55: Eye Glow - eyes glow brightly for 1d4 hours, granting darkvision and a disadvantage on stealth checks 56: Nose - nose grows twice as large for 1d4 hours, granting advantage on perception checks related to smell 57: Language Comprehension - Understands all language for 1d4 minutes 58: Random Language - speaks in a language they do not know for 1d4 minutes 59: Inspiration - grants 1d6 inspiration die for 10 minutes 60: Illusionary Size Change - seems to grow twice as large or half as small for 1d4 minutes 61: Susan Storm - turn invisible for 1d4 minutes, does not effect worn clothing or items 62: Gills - grows gills for 1d4 minutes, water breathing but cannot breath air, relieved by drinking water, releases if they suffocate 63: Beard - Immediately grows a waist length beard for 1d4 hours 64: Taste - any food or liquid consumed tastes amazing for 1d4 hours 65: Spider - Spider climb for 1d4 minutes 66: Knowledge - advantage on int checks for 1 hour 67: Identify - instantly identify the next magic item they see 68: Xray vision - clothing is no longer visible to the target for 1d4 minutes 69: Sick - Con save DC15, fail suddenly vomits uncontrollably 70: Egg - Causes feeling of needing to use the bathroom, after 10 minutes feel extreme pain and lay an egg. if kept, egg can hatch into 1d10      1 - Unfertilised      2 - Tiny human baby that ages and dies in 10 minutes, looks exactly like creature that lays the egg      3 - Fully grown adult who tips their hat and walks through the nearest wall      4 - A swarm of insects      5 - 100gp, 25sp, 3cp      6 - another potion (roll on this table)      7 - random miniaturised animal      8 - Random Trinket      9 - Chicken 10- Baby Kenku 71: Fetch - feels the urgent need to chase anything thrown for 1d4 hours, wisdom save dc15 each time they see a thrown object 72: Insects - releases a swarm of harmless but terrifying insects that fly into the nearest creatures face before dispersing 73: Greater Healing 74: Lucky Vomit - painfully vomit money for 1 minute, 1d10gp, 1d10sp, 1d10cp 75: Optimist - everything seems hopeful 76: Pessimist - everything seems terrible 77: Fear - the next item or creature that they see 78: Smile - cannot stop smiling for 1d4 minutes 79: Sad - cannot stop crying for 1d4 minutes 80: Existential Crisis - realises that they are in a game for 1 minute, immediately forget after but are left with a feeling they are being watched 81: Other Amnesia - everyone but the target forgets about their existance unless they are looking at them for 1d4 minutes 82: Spices - 1d10      1 - Garlic      2 - Rosemary      3 - Mint      4 - Nutmeg      5 - Cinnamon      6 - Cloves      7 - Mustard      8 - Ginger      9 - Pepper      10- Salt 83: Food - target feels full and tastes 1d10      1 - Bacon and eggs      2 - tomato and cheese sandwich      3 - salad      4 - fish and chips      5 - buttered corn      6 - hearty stew      7 - dried fruit      8 - candy      9 - fresh bread and butter      10- fried rice 84: Hole - creates a 2 foot wide/deep hole (does not harm living creatures, but can still pass through hole) 85: Silence - mouth disappears for 1d4 minutes, can communicate through telepathy 86: Water walking - walk in water for 1d4 minutes 87: False speak with animals - believe they can talk to animals for 1d4 minutes 88: Mini Wild Magic - roll on the Wild Magic table and create a miniature version of the effect 89: Bloody Tears - blood leeks from eyes for 1d4 minutes 90: Mind Reading - hear creatures thoughts but it is their native language for 1d4 minutes 91: Moustache - you already know what this one does 92: BO -  smell really bad for 1d4 minutes 93: Sneezing - after a lot of build up, it's just a sneeze 94: Rage - Barbarian rage for 1d4 minutes 95: Rot - rots anything it touches (deals 1d4 damage for 1d4 rounds to flesh) 96: Luck - can reroll, must keep second roll 97: False Race Change - appears to become another race for 1d4 hours 98: Breeze - your clothes and hair are ruffled by a wind only you can feel for 1d4 hours 99: Tattoos - your body is covered in black marking following the viens beneath your skin. lasts until you are next healed by magic. 100: Greater Delusion - User believes that the potion bestows a useful magical effect based on the situation, grants 1d10 inspiration

[biomedgrid]

Biomed Grid | Justification for Inclusion of Domestic Enzymes in Feed of Laying Hens

Abstract

Great demands are raised to feed poultry concerning their composition, as they contain several types of grain feed, which contain anti-nutrients that reduce the digestibility and use of these nutrients. Low nutritional value of several grains is since there are significant amounts of other nonstarchy polysaccharides, which include beta-glucans and pentosansalong with fiber in them. According to generalized data, the main anti-nutritional factors and wheat, rye and triticale are pentosans, most of which are arabinoxylans. Beta glucans mainly have a negative impact on the absorption of nutrients in barley. Non-starchy polysaccharides have another negative property-they strongly swell, forming viscous adhesive solutions that limit the absorption of already digested protein, starch, fat, and other important biological compounds. The use of enzyme preparations in feed inactivates anti-nutrients, promotes better digestion and use of feed nutrients. This helps to increase egg production and improve the quality of eggs.

Keywords: Laying Hens, Enzymes, Feed, Egg Production, Egg Mass, Egg Quality, Feed Consumption

Introduction

One of the most important tasks of the domestic poultry industry is to reduce losses by increasing the digestibility of feed and the use of digested nutrients in a better way. Among the most effective ways to solve this problem is the addition of exogenous enzymes to feed before feeding it to poultry. Unlike hormones and bio stimulants, enzymes do not act on the body of animals, but on the components of food in the gastrointestinal tract, they do not accumulate in the body and poultry and livestock products. While splitting or synthesizing substances, the enzymes themselves may not change. They are not included in the final products of the reaction, are not consumed during their process and remain in the same amount after the complication. The inclusion of enzyme preparations in the compound feeds contributes to the inactivation of these anti-nutrients, which increases the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients [1,2].

Competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise in the Russian market directly depends on the use of modern technologies of feeding and the maintenance of agricultural birds, purchase of genetically full herd, advanced training of personnel. The key factor is the quality of the feed, as it is the main part of the costs in production, which affects the productive performance of poultry. This necessarily requires a balance of feed complex nutrients and biologically active substances [3-5].

The most important problem for producers is to increase the productivity of poultry and at the same time reduce the cost of final products. The problem of reducing feed costs for egg products is becoming more acute every year. We must not forget that the bird is a competitor of man in the consumption of cereals and legumes, besides the prices of these types of feed raw materials are growing every year, and the share of feed in the cost of eggs is not reduced and is 65-70 %. The urgency of the problem increases due to the transition of many poultry farms to their own production of animal feed. It is important to have objective information not only about the nutritional value but also the anti-nutritional factors of raw materials of own production used for the manufacture of compound feed. In poultry farming, barley, oats, rye, non-food wheat and products of their processing are used as the main concentrated feed [6-8].

According to generalized data, the main anti-nutritional factors of wheat, rye, and triticale are pentosans, most of which are arabinoxylans. Beta glucans mainly have a negative impact on the absorption of nutrients in barley. Non-starchy polysaccharides have another negative property-they strongly swell, forming viscous adhesive solutions that limit the absorption of already digested protein, starch, fat, and other important biological compounds. One of the most important tasks of the domestic poultry industry is to reduce losses by increasing the digestibility of feed and the use of digested nutrients in a better way. Among the most effective ways to solve this problem is the addition of exogenous enzymes to feed before feeding it to poultry [9,10].

Ferments (a synonym for enzymes) are specific proteins that act as biological catalysts in a living organism. While splitting or synthesizing substances, the enzymes themselves may not change. They are not included in the final products of the reaction, are not consumed during their process and remain in the same amount after the complication [10,11]. The purpose of this work is to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of enrichment of feed used in the technology of production of chicken eggs mixtures of enzyme preparations of domestic production of amylosubtiline G3x, celloluxe-F, and protosubtiline G3x [11,12].

The Objects and Methods of Research

To conduct the experiment, three groups of laying hens were formed, 57 heads in each: one control and two experimental groups. The experiment consisted of two periods: the preparatory period with a duration of 21 days and a basic duration of 420 days. The age of laying hens during the preparatory period of the experiment was 18 weeks, the beginning of the main period at the age of 22 weeks, and at the end of the experiment for 81 weeks. Laying hens of the first experimental group received feed control group PC 1-1, enriched with enzyme preparations, depending on age: 22-33 weeks - amylosubtilin G3x in the amount of 100 g and cellulose - F 50 g per 1 ton of feed. At the age of 34-53 weeks, the hens received feed PC 1-2, enriched with enzyme preparations-amylosubtilin G3x in the amount of 150 g and cellolux -F 75 g per 1 ton of feed. At the age of 54-81 weeks, the hens received PC 1-3, enriched with enzyme preparations-amylosubtilin G3x in an amount of 200 g and cellolux-F 100 g per 1 ton of feed. Enzyme preparations were additionally introduced into the feed of laying hens of the second experimental group depending on the age: 22-33 week in PC-1-2- amilosubtilin 50 g G3x and G3x protosubtilin 50 g per 1 ton of feed, 34-53 week in PC-1-3- amilosubtilin 75 g G3x and G3x protosubtilin 75g per 1 ton of feed, 54-81 week in PC-1-3 -amilosubtilin 100 g G3x and G3x protosubtilin 100 g per 1 ton of feed.

Amylosubtiline G3x contains in its composition enzymes (alpha- amylase, neutral and slightly alkaline proteinases, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase), the remains of the nutrient medium, chalk, table salt, corn flour. It is produced with amylolytic enzyme activity of 600 u/g to 1,500 units/g. The pharmacological effect of amylosubtilin G3x, added to feed, is to increase their digestibility. The General effect of amylosubtilin G3x is associated with the combined effect of all enzymes included in the preparation, including beta-glucanase, xylanase, and cellulase, catalyzing the cleavage of hard-to-digest barley, wheat and rye polysaccharides, hydrolysis of which gives an additional amount of sugars.

The main area of application of celloluxe-F is the use in poultry to improve the nutritional value of feeds. CelloLux-F contains cellulase complexes (2000±200 u/g), xylanase up to 8000 u/g, glucanase up to 1500 u/g. Catalyzes the breakdown of cellulose, xylans, betta-glucans of plant cells to readily available sugars. The positive effect of the action of the enzyme complex cellolux-F is manifested in an increase in the content of glycogen, lipids, protein and free amino acids in the body of the animal, especially in young animals during intensive growth. Protosubtiline G3x is used as a feed additive in diets to improve the availability of protein components of feed by the body of poultry, primarily of plant origin. Promotes the destruction of plant cell membranes and improves digestibility and nutrient absorption of feed. Splitting high-molecular proteins increase the content of available peptides and amino acids in the feed.

Research Result

During the scientific and economic experience, feeding of laying hens of all groups was carried out by dry complete feed. The control and experimental group of laying hens received feed mixture corresponding to that period of the PC 1-1 (age of laying hens 22-40 weeks), 100 g. of which contained 263 kcal of metabolizable energy, crude protein-16.48%, Calcium 3.44 percent and the phosphorus to 0.78%. At the age of 41-60 weeks, feed PK-1-2 was obtained, in 100 g of which 252 kcal of metabolic energy, crude protein -16.1%, Calcium 3.82%, and phosphorus 0.48%. At the age of 61 weeks and older, experimental laying hens received feed PK-1-3, 100 g of which 249 kcal of metabolic energy and crude protein - 15%, Calcium 4.14%, and phosphorus 0.39%.

The main part of the feed is cereals (barley, wheat) with a specific weight of 63.39 %. Meat and bone meal of 6% and sunflower meal in the amount of 15% were used as sources of high-grade protein. DL-methionine in an amount of 0.01% is introduced to improve the amino acid composition of methionine. As a source of minerals shell flour, limestone, tricalcium phosphate, salt was used. To increase the energy value of feed sunflower oil was introduced in the amount of 3 %. BVMC -5%, met+cis5.5 -5% was introduced for the enrichment of protein, vitamins, and minerals in the diet. The composition and nutritional value of compound feed corresponded to the requirements for feeding laying hens depending on age and egg production.

Recommended parameters of feed nutrition depending on the phase of chicken productivity should be connected to the daily rate of feed per 1 head. With this purpose, an audit of the given feeds and their residues was conducted every ten days. It showed that laying hens at the age of 22-40 weeks had the highest feed intake per day in the control group - 116 g, and the lowest - in the first experimental group (received amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F)-113 g, the second experimental group (received amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x) ate 114 g per head per day. The difference in feed intake between the control and the first experimental group was only 3 g or 2.5%, between the control and the second experimental 2 g or 1.1%. The same trend continued was observed by the end of the experiment. At the age of 61 weeks and older, the difference in feed intake between the control and the first experimental group was 8 g or 7.8%, and between the control and the second experimental group 4 g or 3.2%.

The analysis and quantity of the eaten compound feed showed that feeding of laying hens of control and experimental groups corresponded to the detailed norms of feeding on age and egg-laying. Egg productivity of laying hens. The dynamics of egg productivity of laying hens of experimental groups, considering the age, showed that this indicator changes during oviposition. Egg laying capacity of hens of the experimental groups was higher than from laying hens of the control group. Laying hens of the first experimental group showed the greatest egg productivity, their egg production for 60 weeks (420 days) was 357.81 eggs from one laying hen for the main period, which is 23.22 pieces or 6.48 % higher than in the control group (334.59 pieces) and 6.91 pieces or 1.84% more (350.9 pieces) than in the 2 experimental group. The indicator of egg productivity of laying hens of the second experimental group was higher than the corresponding indicator in the control group by 16.31 or 4.64 %. The highest value of egg production for the experimental period was found in laying hens of all groups at the age of 30-37 weeks.

Weight of eggs. In order to establish the effect of fed enzyme preparations on egg weight, all eggs received from each group of chickens were weighed last five days at the end of each month of oviposition. The data obtained showed a favorable effect of the mixture of enzyme preparations on egg weight. Thus, in the control group, the average egg weight for the period of oviposition was 62.37 g, and in the 1st experimental group-64.22 g or 1.85 g more than in the control group, in the 2nd experimental group-63.07 g or 0.7 g more than in the control group. It was noted that the weight of eggs increased with the age of laying hens. If the average weight of eggs of laying hens of the control group for the period of oviposition (62.37 g) is taken as 100%, the weight of eggs of hens of the 1st experimental group was 2.97%, and laying hens of the 2nd experimental group was 1.12% more than in the control group. The difference between the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 1.85% or 1.15 g. The highest value of the average weight for the experimental period was found in laying hens of all groups aged 54-81 weeks.

Distribution of eggs by categories and output of egg weight. Chicken eggs according to GOST R 52121-2003, depending on their weight, are divided into five categories. Most of the eggs of the highest category were received from laying hens of the first experimental group - 4.05%, which is 1.06% more than in the control and 0.19% more than in the second experimental group. The difference between the control and the second experimental group was 0.87%. Most of the eggs of the selected category were also obtained most from laying hens of the first experimental group - 23.86%, which is 4.71 % more than in the control group and 2.68 % more than in the second experimental group. The difference between the control and the second experimental group was 2.03%. The analysis of the table shows that the eggs of laying hens of all experimental groups belong mainly to the first category (56.07 -60.49%). Most of them were obtained from experimental chickens of the control group-60.49%, which is more by 4.42% and 1.91% than in the first and second experimental groups, respectively. The difference between the first and second experimental groups was 2.51% (more in the second experimental group). Most eggs of the second category were received from laying hens of the control group - 17.02%, which is 1.27 % more than in the first experimental and 0.92 % more than in the second experimental group. The difference between the first and second experimental groups was insignificant and amounted to 0.35%. Small eggs make up 0.35% in the control group, which is higher than in the first experimental group by 0.08%.

The egg weight obtained from laying hens during the trial period is an estimated indicator of egg productivity and is calculated by multiplying the number of eggs laid by the hen by their average weight. The highest value of egg mass yield was obtained from laying hens of the first and second experimental groups. In the first experimental group, the egg mass was higher than in the control group by 2.13 g or 8.8 % and in the second experimental group by 1.28 g or 5.28 % than in the control group. In the second experimental group, the egg mass was lower by 0.85 g or 3.51 % than in the first experimental group.

Morphometric parameters of eggs. Egg weight and the ratio of protein, yolk, and shell are important both in incubation and in the production of commercial products and deep processing. It is believed that the weight of eggs is 55 % determined by genetic factors and 45 % depends on feeding and conditions of poultry. The ratio of parts of a chicken egg determines the quality of eggs.

The shape of eggs is one of the main indicators determining their quality. The form of eggs is judged according to their index. Shape index fluctuated in the range of 76.5-79,44% in the experience conducted by us. With age in the control group, there was a slight decrease in the egg shape index - by 0.3 %, after the age of 53 weeks, this figure increased by 0.16% compared to the first experimental period. In the first and second experimental groups, there was an increase in the form index at the age of 34-53 weeks by 2.14% and 1.1%, respectively, at the age of 54-81 weeks - a decrease of 0.7% and 0.52%. The highest form index was in laying hens of the first experimental group at the age of 34-53 weeks, the difference with the control group was 2.94%, with the second experimental group-1.34%. The difference between the control and the second experimental groups was 1.6%. It should be noted that the increase in the index was observed with the increase in egg weight.

The egg yolk index of the experimental groups of laying hens ranged from 34.5 to 45.38 % and remained virtually unchanged during the reproductive period with a tendency to some decrease (table 27). At the beginning of oviposition it was 45.38 % in the control group, which is 3.53% and 1.58% more than in the first and second experimental groups, respectively; in the middle-40.52 % in the control group, which is 1.6% and 0.72% more than in the first and second experimental groups, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, it was decreased to 35.8 % in the control group, which is 0.3% and 1.3% more than in the first and second experimental groups, respectively.

The protein index decreases slightly with the age of laying hens. This indicator was 7.1% at 22-33 weeks of the reproductive period in the second experimental group, which is 0.62% and 1.45% more than in the control and first experimental groups. The difference between the control and the first experimental groups was 0.83%. At 34-53 weeks in the control group, the protein index was 0.84% and 0.25% higher compared to the first and second experimental groups. The difference between the first and second experimental groups was 0.59% (more in the second experimental group). At the age of 54-81 weeks in the control group, the protein index was 1.19 % and 0.81% higher compared to the first and second experimental groups. The difference between the first and second experimental groups was 0.38% (more in the second experimental group).

Haugh units have the highest relationship with the index concerning the indicators of protein quality. Analyzing the data obtained, we see that during the reproductive period in 22 - 33; 34 -53 and 54 - 81 weeks of age, this figure was at the level of 73.59- 74.49; 74.97-77.31 and 74.77-75.85 (with an optimal value of 75- 80). It should be noted that the Haugh unit had the maximum value in laying hens of all experimental groups at the age of 34-53 weeks, with the age of the bird this figure decreased by 0.2% in the control group, by 1.46 in the first experimental group and by 0.58 in the second experimental group. It should be noted that the indices of protein index and Haugh units are decreasing with the age of laying hens. This may be due to an increase in the residence time of the egg in the laying egg, namely in the uterus, where the formation of the shell and the flow of water into the protein. The optimal ratio of protein and yolk was higher than normal (1.9-2.1) in all eggs of the experimental groups.

Thus, the result of the study of morphometric parameters of eggs obtained from laying hens of the experimental groups showed that enzyme preparations had a positive effect on increasing the weight of eggs and improving their category, increasing the height of the protein, the thickness of the shell, the weight of the protein, yolk and shell, while the best results were obtained from laying hens of the second experimental group-when feeding them amylosubtiline G3x and protosubtiline G3x.

Economic efficiency of the use of enzyme preparations in the diets of laying hens. The lowest feed costs per 10 eggs were in the first experimental group (1.37 kg), which is 90.14 % of the benchmark. Feed costs amounted to 1.43 kg, which is 94.08 % of the control group in the second experimental group. The difference in feed costs per 10 eggs between the first and second experimental groups was 0.05 kg or 3.5 %. The highest level of profitability of 25.6 % was in the first experimental group, which is 7.4 % more than in the control group and 4.3% more than in the second experimental group.

Summary

a. In the scientific and economic experience, the highest rates of egg production were noted in the first experimental group, where laying hens in the composition of complete feed received a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F – 357.81 eggs, which is 6.48 % higher than in the control group and 1.84% than in the 2 experimental group. The inclusion in the feed of laying hens of the second experimental group of a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x contributed to an increase in egg production by 4.64 % than in the control group.

b. The weight of the eggs of the first experimental group was 1.85 g or 2.97% more, and the second experimental group was 0.7 g or 1.12 % more than in the control group. It was noted that the weight of eggs increased with the age of laying hens. The difference between the first and second experimental groups was 1.85% or 1.15 g.

c. 1.37-of 1.52 kg of feed was spent in scientific-economic experiment to produce 10 eggs. The lowest feed consumption of 1.37 kg was in laying hens, in the feed of which a mixture of enzyme preparations amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux F was added, which is less than the control group by 10.94% and 4.2% of the second experimental group. The cost of eggs decreased in the first experimental group by 0.33 rubles and in the second experimental group by 0.2 rubles than in the control group. The level of profitability increased by 7.4% in the first experimental group and by 3.1% in the second experimental group.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume4/justification-for-inclusion-of-domestic-enzymes-in-feed-of-laying-hens.000807.php

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[whieldonflyfishing]

FLY FISHING BASICS

To turn into a decent fly fisher, we should have the option to learn how to fly fish. As a calculating teacher we show many individuals we are actually astounded at exactly the number of fishermen has awful methods or propensities when projecting - this is not something to be embarrassed about as it can generally be fixed. It truly pays to locate a decent projecting teacher or mentor to assist us with this.

We now indicated a large number of fishermen, including numerous that had been looking for quite a long time how to project better. So once we can project capably here are seven of our top tips for learning to fly fishing that will expand your catch rate.

How to learn how to fly fish

Types:

Dry fly-fishing is the point at which a fisherman is projecting a light fly—one that copies sea-going bugs—and is basically used to get trout, as indicated by Mitchell. With dry fly-fishing, Mitchell says, "the fisherman normally attempts to make the dry fly buoy along normally with the current." It's likewise the ideal alternative for apprentices—and it's the sort of fly-fishing I attempted—on the grounds that it's moderately simple to tell when you have a strike (basically, a chomp from a fish) on account of the deceivability of the skimming fly.

Wet fly-fishing, which is basically used to get trout and some warm-water species, is the point at which "a fisher projects a fly that sinks or uses a limited quantity of weight to make it sink," says Mitchell. "The fisher attempts to make the fly float at similar movement as subsurface flows, or to gradually swing the fly across subsurface flows, or move the fly through still waters," which means this procedure is likely excessively progressed for a newbie.

The remainder of the procedures��streamer fly-fishing—is the point at which "a fisherman projects a sinking fly, regularly one that impersonates a snare fish, and afterward swings it over the flows or recovers it through still waters," as per Mitchell. This method, which is additionally most likely somewhat progressed for an absolute amateur, is utilized to get the biggest assortment of fish, including trout, warm-water fish, and saltwater fish.

Fly fishing basics:

Hand-Tie Your Leaders

There's no contesting the accommodation of machine-tightened knotless pioneers. Be that as it may, the good old sorts offer a fisher some undeniable points of interest. Knowing the specific engineering of the shape permits us to effortlessly remake a messed up pioneer on the stream or to adjust its exhibition qualities to meet changing fishing conditions. We get greater flexibility at a minuscule part of the expense. All we need are spools of scarf material, the ability to tie a Blood tie.

Skate a Spider

Fishing dry flies on a dead float is an exemplary move; however, skating has a long history, as well. In any case, hesitant trout will regularly squash skittering dries in large, implosive strikes. The more seasoned flies intended for this procedure—called creepy crawlies and variations—are tied on short-shank snares with a long, oversize passion that causes the flies to ricochet and skim on the water.

Keep the fly and pioneer very much lubed, and use bar movement or the current drag to draw the fly over the surface, in a smooth force or in faltering jerks. Incidentally, you can skate swinging wet flies too, lifting the bar until just the pioneer is on the water and the fly is kicking up a little chicken tail. It's a tremendous short-line, pocket-water procedure.

The length of the butt segment takes into account six creeps of the line to be utilized when you're nail-tying it to the fly line; different segments permit 2 inches each for the halfway bunches.

On the off chance that you break a pioneer, it's anything but difficult to decide the right scarf size to begin changing the shape. Simply start at the butt area and check down from 21 by twos (21, 19, 17, and so forth) to discover the measurement in thousandths of an inch, on the off chance that you need a lighter chief, scaled the 4X back to 6 inches and include a 5X or 6X scarf.

For a heavier one, scaled back to 0X (.011) and included a 1X or 2X scarf. Abstain from joining materials that are more than .002 inch separated in breadth on the grounds that the bunch may not hold well.

Dap a Dry

One of the most seasoned and least complex stunts in the book, dapping is currently excused as a method for kids and dolts. Be that as it may, this methodology is undeniably fit to circumstances with no projecting room, as brushy little streams or tight, bankside runs. Remain a pole length back from the water.

With just the pioneer through the pole tip, bring down the fly to the surface, let it float a couple of inches, at that point get it and put it down once more, basically "tapping" or "dapping" the fly on the water—copying exactly the conduct of an egg-laying caddis or mayfly. Tune in and feel for the strike. Unrefined? Perhaps. Powerful? Undoubtedly. It permits us to get a fly into in any case unfishable spots.

 Lose the Bobber

The present fishermen depend intensely on yarn or froth strike pointers despite the fact that old-style nymphing is regularly more profitable. Disregard the marker when:

1) Nymphing profound, energetically paced runs. Given the start to finish current differential and the weight expected to get the fly down, a marker can cause unnatural drag.

2) Working pocket water. Short, bending current tongues and thin chutes make it hard to put the fly and pointer on a similar float—Fish a fairy on a short, scarcely rigid line.

3) Fishing clear, shallow, smooth stretches. Pointers can scare fish. Rather, oil the pioneer to inside a foot or two of the end.

Make Flies from hiding Fur.

Prepackaged hide naming for tying flies is grandly helpful yet restricted. It's typically hacked and mixed hare or squirrel hair. Conversely, hide on the stowaway, which has been utilized for quite a long time, opens up an abundance of decisions, especially for fresher fly-levels who may just know the prepared stuff in fixed plastic packs. Muskrat and otter are fantastic dubbings; mole hide is wonderful.

Badger, lynx, coyote, beaver, wildcat, opossum, raccoon, and nutria are astounding too, and these hairs are as yet reachable. Hide on the cover-up is satisfying to work with, offers a scope of unobtrusive regular tones, and permits the choice of including or precluding the watchman hairs in the blended naming to control the surface of the completed fly body.

Mind Your Streamside Manners

New fly fishers are brought into the world consistently. New trout streams are definitely not. That implies more jam-packed waters. However, it doesn't imply that good old stream decorum must go the method of oiled-silk fly lines and gut pioneers. In actuality—great habits are more critical than any other time in recent memory. The prime, and most often disregarded, order: Give a fisher on the water some space. At any rate, courteously ask whether he minds sharing a spot.

Never poach another angler's water by placing in front of him, whether or not he's working upstream or down. When running into each other when fishing, the fisherman moving downstream respects the one is working up by leaving the water and strolling farther beneath him. On the other hand, on the off chance that you've just discovered a promising pool, fish it well, yet don't residence it.

Continue moving and give others a possibility. On the off chance that incubates is on, and we've discovered rising fish, we need far less room than when you're prospecting. Nothing breeds generosity like contribution another person a bit of your hotspot. The overseeing standard in the entirety of this is straightforward: Respect others' satisfaction.

Fish Wet Flies

To most fishermen over the most recent 50 years, fly fishing has consequently implied dry-fly fishing. Solid skimming lines have settled on it the strategy for decision. However, the old style of wet-fly fishing will frequently get trout when skimming designs fall flat. It's likewise a straightforward strategy. Cast a wet fly across stream or quartering down and attach leader to fly line.

Follow the fly with the pole tip as it swings on a tight line in a circular segment over the current and stops straightforwardly downstream. Retouch the line or utilize the bar tip for swimming the fly before stones, into creases, and underneath the overhanging brush.

At the point when we're fishing a tight line this way, squeeze the fly line against the pole with your pointer, leaving a foot-long circle of slack hanging between your finger and the reel. The circle, pulled tight when a fish hits hard, gives a sort of pad and more dependable hookups. Fish two, or even three, flies thusly, each on a 12-inch dropper attached to the curve of the snare above it.

Learn the Water Haul

  With the accentuation these days on enormous water, and large projects, this subtle introduction has nearly been overlooked. Be that as it may, when we're stitched in by low-hanging brush, the water pull conveys. Let the current convey the line legitimately downstream of us. Hold the pole 45 degrees downstream; at that point clear it upstream with a short arm movement and a flick of the wrist.

Keep the pole tip low, moving corresponding to the water, and we can shoot a cast that never rises in excess of a couple of crawls over the surface, winding a fly profound under tree appendages and shrubs. Also, on the grounds that we can stay frozen in place and play out this cast with the bar low and at least movement, it's a shrewd decision for fishing creepy trout that are holding near us.

Use Feet

The present fishermen cast longer queues and fish at more prominent reaches, much of the time basically in light of the fact that advanced tackle makes it effectively feasible. Be that as it may, except if the circumstance calls for it, arriving at a long distance is really one of the most exceedingly awful methods of getting trout. Exactness endures, drag issues increment, and snaring rate drops.

Extraordinary fishermen of the past, for example, Ray Bergman, perceived that being a decent angler and being a solid caster isn't something very similar. Shrewd situating and secrecy will out fish a ton of fly line. It's similar to safeguard in b-ball; the best players depend more on their feet than on their arms. Study the flows and partition the water into individual fishable areas. At that point walk or swim to the one ideal spot for working each part of the water—a place that permits you to toss a genuinely short, straight, exact cast.

Roll Cast

Most fly fishermen become familiar with the move cast first—at that point rapidly dismiss it as simply a stage while in transit to "genuine" projecting, a demeanour supported by the solid, quick poles now in design and the mind-boggling utilization of weight-forward fly lines, neither of which move cast especially well. However, when the luck runs out's (or the brush), with no space for a regular overhead conveyance, a moving cast keeps you fishing.

With a moderate-activity pole and twofold shape line, it gives amazing reach, and it's ideal for wet-fly fishing, where bogus projecting can dry the fly and repress sinking. The cast is accomplished in a solitary, proficient movement that keeps your fly on the water as opposed to logging preferred customer credits in rehashed, superfluous bogus projects.

Conclusion

Continuously remain safe. We could list endless things here; however, most is the presence of mind. Ensure to wear shades and a cap to secure your eyes. Great quality enraptured shades likewise help with spotting fish and in particular assistance me when we are swimming spotting rocks profound gaps and submerged structure.

We recall a year ago while facilitating an excursion in Norway fishing a major waterway in bright conditions our shades cut; however, the glare of the sun considering the water and recognized numerous impediments.

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[mensbodybuildingtips]

12 Week Prep Plan For A Contest Ready Physique

It could be your first, or your 21st, performance as a body builder, yet the enjoyment and also nerves that integrate in the weeks that approach the special day hardly change.

Part of those nerves owe to the fear that you'll spend that much time in quest of something and also not have it function out in your support in the long run. And not because you don't win, but because you can be found in 'off' form or miss an area by a minute.

PRE-PRE-CONTEST EVALUATIONS as well as PREPARATION:

Assessing Body Composition

To start, you need to assess where you are with body make-up. That's your proportion of lean mass to body fat. If you're over 20 or 22 percent body fat, you'll most likely take a different approach compared to if you are only 16 percent body fat. Believe it or not, that added little of fat could take another 4 weeks, so understanding is necessary or you establish on your own for failure.

Assessing Time

Knowing exactly how fat you are as you go into a diet plan, aids you reasonably analyze the amount of time it will certainly require to shed the fat that currently shrouds your hard-earned muscle. Diet plans customarily take 12 weeks, however if you require added time, take 16 weeks. It's much better to be down to within 5 or six pounds of your phase weight a few weeks prior to the day, so you can promptly drop it by the time you get to both week mark, then "eat right into" your ideal weight and hold it there.

Don' t sweat 25 or 30 pounds. Do sweat 50 extra pounds in a 12 week diet. You could do it, however it will be mighty unpleasant.

PREPARATIONS CHECKLIST

Inventory About a week prior to you start your competition prep, you'll desire to make the effort to inventory your cabinets and kitchen to ensure that you get all the black out of there that could tempt you on a day when you really feel aggravated or haven't seen the sort of modifications you may have desired. When your carbohydrates are reduced, and also your mind isn't dealing a full deck, you'll be most vulnerable to cheats. Remove the temptations.

Scale and Measuring Tape Invest in a suitable electronic restroom range. You don't should weigh daily, but you must obtain weekly weights or bi-weekly weights so that you understand if you are proceeding at the pace you should be. We recognize body make-up adjustments don't usually correspond to large decreases, however ...

Trustworthy Eye You'll be looking at your personal body a lot more times a day than anybody else, as well as you'll notice things many people would not. Again, a trusted eye of somebody you could count on to be sincere could take away the desire to assume you look great when you do not. Take the criticism with grace and make essential adjustments.

The Pre-Contest Game Plan We'll think you're a 12 week individual for our purposes here, and will certainly lay things out in two, 3 or four week increments as you count backwards and down to the show.

With the competition date coming close to, below's a shopping list by week( s) in order to help you prepare and come in razor sharp:

14 to12 Weeks Out: Assess body make-up. Clean cupboards and fill them with things you can make use of to prepare diet plan food only, such as low-salt flavorings, and sugar-free drink products - all wonderful for the initial 10 weeks or two. This is additionally the time to make lists of foods you like that get on a diet, PRO TIP: Making lists of foods you will certainly as well as won't eat maintains you honest, and making checklists of workout goals, training quantity, as well as cardio scheme is important.

12 to 10 Weeks Out: Phase 1 Begin by getting rid of 50-75 grams (200-300 calories) of carbohydrates. Add 20 grams more of protein. Fat needs to be moderate and also all healthy and balanced resources, such as flax seed oil, avocado, olive oil, and also almonds or walnuts.

Have one rip off meal each week on a day off.

Do three 20-minute cardio sessions per week.

10 to 8 Weeks Out: Continue your removal of carbohydrates by 40 to 50 grams, relying on power. Add an extra 12 to 15 grams of healthy protein, so that your diet totals around 400 grams per day.

Add an additional cardio session weekly, for an overall of 4, and enhance time to 25 mins. Attempt to differ the kind you do, including treadmill, biking, or stair-climbing (in or out of the gym).

From below on out, you will not be eating a cheat dish up until after the competition.

8 to 6 Weeks Out: Yep, you presumed it: Take out 50 extra grams of carbohydrates daily. Your complete now ought to be around 300 grams of carbohydrates, depending after where you began. Keep adding healthy protein in tiny increments of 12 to 15 grams per day.

You ought to be eating healthy protein at every dish, as well as adding a little fat whenever you feel reduced in power. Take a teaspoon of flax oil each morning. Your cardio sessions should now amount to 5 weekly, and the period of each must be 30 minutes.

6 to 4 Weeks Out: Continue curtailing on the carbs by 50 grams each two week period. You ought to be eating a total of around 250 grams, as well as still including between 12 grams and also 15 grams of healthy protein daily, which means you'll be eating in between 475 and also 500 grams.

Now, here's where you intend to take note of macronutrient groups, types of carbs, and also healthy protein resources:

Protein: Should be all lean chicken, egg whites, fish, and also super lean beef (just occasionally)

Carbohydrates: Low glycemic carbs, such as oat meal, wild rice, yams, berries. Starchy veggies, such as beets, turnips, and parsnips are alright, but eliminated refined carbs like pasta.

Fats: Oils and nuts, or fish oils in moderation You'll relocate to a 35 min/ 6-day weekly cardio timetable here.

4 to 2 Weeks Out: Drop an additional 50 grams of carbohydrates from your diet regimen, as well as include 20 grams of protein.

Keep cardio at six days, however add time up to 40 minuters each session for four days, as well as do high-intensity sprint periods on treadmill, bike and stepper. Do fifty percent of your longer cardio sessions in the morning on an empty stomach.

2 Weeks Out: Keep your diet plan the very same right here, or if you are not where you feel you need to be, either cut 50 more grams of carbs, or stop complicated carbs by 1 p.m. and eat absolutely nothing but veggies (non-starchy) throughout the day and also evening

Stop all cardio below and educate more intensely, incorporating compound movements with weight as well as reps on the high side, with reduced weights as well as failing or decline sets.

6 Days Out: The competition is on Saturday, so carb deficiency begins on Sunday prior to the program as well as undergoes Tuesday or Wednesday, relying on exactly how rounded, water-filled or fat you could still look. Cut carbohydrates to about 100 to 125 grams each day through Tuesday.

Eat one smoked steak each day. We favor Ribeyes for slightly even more fat. Sodium isn't as essential when you are not consuming several carbs as well as drinking a great deal of water, so a little spices on the steak is okay.

Drink one gallon of water daily. If you generally do, then just drink typically. If consuming a steak daily isn't really sufficient, include a little fat for energy as required, by capfuls of oil or 10 to 15 walnuts per time.

3 Days Out: Begin adding carbs back into the diet regimen on Wednesday morning. If you cut 500 from Week 12 to currently, include 500 daily back in. If you are not filling and getting vascular, include 200 grams more by Thursday evening.

Conversely, if you are filling too fast as well as looking watery, slow it down.

1 Day Prior to Contest: You ought to look virtually filled as well as need to not look like you are water-filled or "spilled-over" - you should resemble a slightly smaller sized and slightly less vascular version of how you wish to look tomorrow, however must be ripped as well as still slightly level as well as filling a bit extra each hour. By afternoon, start to consume carbohydrates moderately as you back off the water to concerning a half gallon.

PRO POINTER: The evening before a program consume a steak and baked potato with butter, after that keep water to just sips when thirsty until morning.

The Big Day: Get up and also examination muscular tissues for fullness and electrolyte equilibrium by bending hard. You must be able to get a relatively fast pump and feel no cramping. If you identify you look perfect, consume eggs as well as oatmeal for morning meal as well as consume alcohol a sports drink. If you require to fill a little, there is nothing incorrect with eating a piece of pizza or a hamburger and fries three hours before you go on stage. It's not going to destroy your problem, it's simply going to far better it. PRO TIP: Consume sugar-free Powerade in sips as required prior to you hit the stage.

( Note to Jay: You can make Pro Tips right here at the end as well as throughout resemble ton of money cookie strips or something)

[nookishposts]

Chicken Diaries June 21/20

We’ve had our hens almost 4 weeks. As first-timers we thought we would play it safe and get 6 ready-to-lay 18-week-old pullets instead of hand-raising cute baby chicks. They arrived in a green plastic crate and there exists a video of me opening that to release them into our carefully constructed chicken coop. Let’s just say they needed some encouragement. The process involved considerable cussing and laughter, some of it even came from me. But a few minutes effort and they began to come out of their conspiratorial little huddle in the corner and explore their new digs.

Instead of building a new free-standing structure, we decided to modify one end of the good-sized shed that came with this property. We cordoned off an 8 x 10 ft section , building a wall with wooden pallets and chicken wire, also wiring in the ceiling so nobody would be tempted to roost in the rafters and small prey birds wouldn’t have access. We installed 4 nesting boxes on a shelf approximately 3 feet off the ground, using plastic bins on their sides and screwed into the wooden framework. I’ve seen others screw plastic buckets to the wall, or use old record bins, milk crates, etc, and all research suggests it doesn’t really matter what they are made of as long as they are dark and cozy and quietly out of the way. I lined them with shavings and chopped straw and put a ceramic egg (golf balls can also be used apparently) to give the juveniles inspiration. I even hung an old towel cut into fringes over the top couple of inches of each opening, just as I have seen farmers do. Feed and water dispensers sit on a small platform. The next addition was a large cedar branch along one wall to serve as a roost. A 40 gallon feed bin full of laying mash was tucked tidily beneath. For someone with zero decorating or fashion sense I was quite pleased with myself. A good thick layer of wood shavings on the concrete floor. And the piece de resistance was the chicken door...cut into the side wall of the shed, about 18 inches up, snazzy ladders on either side lovingly crafted by my sister-in-law. It has a hatch that clips open and shut, and even a little shingled flap to keep out the weather. The outdoor pen to which this leads is a reclaimed dog run frame courtesy of neighbours down the road who just wanted rid of it. We cut it to a 8 x 12 x 6 foot size, freshened the wire and top against predators, added another roost, a water trough and a tarp for shade. Oh, and yes, there are human accesses to each area. I couldn’t fit through a chicken door even in my salad days. So, the birds had good food, water, shelter, and a nice new home. Eggs would come by the time the girls reached 21 weeks old according to the experts.

Thus our education began. Notice I said “our”.

First step was teaching them how to get out into the yard. It made sense to trail a little mash up the ladder rungs. They just stood alongside and pecked it off. So I gathered one girl up and put her on the little landing just inside the hatch. I got cussed out and flapped at for my efforts , but she calmed down enough to think it over, and then fell out the other side into the pen. Let’s call it a partial success. As chickens can fly, I figured I would just shove them out the door; they could soften their landing in feathery parachutes and then just figure out how to get back in on their own. It took a few tries but we all grew into it. They practically tap-dance up and down their ladders now, the little show-offs. Each morning when I open their hatch they shove one another out of the way in a race to be first into the yard. And like any other young-ins, they lead me a merry chase to get them to go to bed at bedtime. When they do get settled in, they are all lined up and fluffed out, 6 feathery dirndle skirts in a row on their roost, drowsy-eyed and singing one another to sleep. It’s pretty adorable.

I try to spend a little quality time with them each day, sitting on a block in the chicken run with treats, so they readily hand-feed and get used to being handled. I can keep an eye on the health of beaks and claws and general well-being. There have been times when there’s a bird on my shoulder, another on my knee and a third on my foot. I have yet to be pooped on, but that too will come in time. Not that I am in any rush. They love rotten bananas, strawberry tops, and cheese curds. They are nuts for radish greens and lettuce. Potato peels are ignored and cucumber kicked aside. Most chickens will eat a variety of kitchen scraps but we seem to have 6 little Kardashian divas on our hands...picky girls demanding quality. I am merely a vending machine in crocs...as I approach they see me coming and get all coo-ey and sweet. Unless they see me on a water run but otherwise empty handed. Nobody here will fess up to teaching them that kind language. Divas they may be, but they ain’t ladies. I serve, they lay.

And now we come to our biggest point of contention. 

Those are damned nice laying boxes. Clean, soft, cosy, basic black. Add a string of pearls and you could wear them anywhere. At the correct height. Softly bedded. A little snack in the corner of each one, because, you know, delivering potential offspring is exhausting work. Or so I’m told by my own Mother Hen. Anywho....at 20 weeks we had our first egg and I managed to find it while it was still warm from the oven, tucked neatly into a low corner of the coop. I ran with it into the house, proudly showing it off like a first grader with a finger painting. My Beloved and I celebrated with a three-way selfie; us and the pretty little peachy-brown perfect orb of poultry protein. We had been warned not to eat the first few eggs if they were at all soft, misshapen, or in any way unusual. This one was Oscar-worthy and it sat in pride of place on the kitchen island for days while we sighed in admiration and patted ourselves on the back. We’d have displayed it on the fridge door if we could have figured out how. 

For a few days, I gently lifted the growing girls into the 4 nesting boxes, praising and petting them, making sure they saw the ceramic examples. To absolutely no avail. We found eggs everywhere; in the corners, on the frames, behind the feed bin, next to the water dispenser, even one in the yard. The boxes remain undisturbed by volunteers except the odd scrounging chipmunk  cleaning up maternity snacks. A few eggs have been bomb-dropped from the height of the roost and decoratively splattered onto the floor. Chickens clean these up themselves thankfully. We told ourselves they were still young and learning. In one particularly popular corner, I stuck a cardboard box filled with shavings, out of curiosity. Sure enough, a couple of little gems glistened there the next morning. Aha! So logically I took one of the fancy boxes from it’s ledge and stuck it in the same corner, leaving the cardboard box on top out of the way. Yay!

This morning, entering carefully as always in order to avoid stepping on or in anything untoward, I peeked around the door to behold the following: one hen perched in the cardboard box, having just delivered her duty, whilst a second girl perched directly on top of the first was doing her best to comply. We had layered layers. Sure enough, egg number 2 dropped into the butt feathers of the bottom girl and rolled gently off into the bedding next to egg # 1. The hens smiled. There may even have been a winged high-five, I’m not sure.

I surrender.

We are averaging 6 eggs per day every day now, with only the odd misfire. Serving a frittata to my Mum, (who is here to visit for the first time as we could keep things pandemically safe enough to do so), from eggs laid the very same morning was a stupidly proud moment for me. I no longer care where the birds deposit their booty, as long as I don’t have to step in it. There’s a For Rent sign on each of the four custom nesting boxes.Perhaps there’s an introverted mallard out in the wetlands looking for a new home. I’ll just continue to be the vending machine with the poopy shoes. I know my place.

[momdefrazzler]

Best Places To Explore Nature Outside Lone Tree Neighborhoods

ultreiadenver.com City Park WestUntil lately, fried rice wasn’t the initial, or perhaps second Tyler Tysdal, point we believed about when we pondered a huge , brunch-y dishof carbohydrates. We usually booked those musings for biscuits, pancakes, or hash (locate our favorites listed below ). Yet then we fed on a heaping offering of Onefold’s magnificent fried rice with Chinese sausage(” lap cheong” ), as well as all that altered. Garnished with sauted slices of pleasant, meaty lap cheong (or duck, ham, or bacon) as well as 2 fried eggs, it’s a satisfying surprise that we plan to eat on repeat. onefolddenver.com Photo by Aaron Colussi. Prop styling by Natalie Warady. RiNoNearly every food writer in Denver has extolled Kyle Foster’s biscuitsand here we go once again. They are baked to buy and have crusty sides that smash so when you attack into them. They are tender within, salted, and also oh-so abundant.

They havethe requisite half-cracked texture, yet they’re likewise somehow pillowy and absolutely hold extra butter than a common biscuit. Foster is, put simply Tyler Tysdal and Platte Management, a biscuit genius. And also please tell Foster that, this moment, 5280 sent you. juleprino.com Chinese food Celebrity Kitchen on Mississippi Opportunity for the very best dim amount around. You’ll wait on a table on weekend break mornings, but the pan-fried turnip cake with XO sauce, shrimp-stuffed eggplant, and also congee with duck egg.

are worth it. starkitchenseafooddimsum.com English food The British Bulldog, because if you’re mosting likely to invest your weekend break early mornings enjoying Premier Organization matches, you may as well do so over a complete English breakfasttwo eggs, a” banger”( sausage),” rashers”( bacon), mushrooms, beans, fried tomato, as well as toastat this 12-year-old 5 Factors club.

britishbulldogdenver.com Ethiopian food Colfax Avenue’s Africana Cafe, which opens up at 9 a – Tyler Tysdal SEC.m. africanaethiopianfood.com Vietnamese food Pho 95 on Federal Boulevard forwhat else?a steaming dish of its trademark brothy noodle soup, a common morning meal in Southeast Asia. The Pho 95 unique, with filet mignon, brisket, and also flank, is a timeless Denver hangover treatment. pho95noodlehouse.com Filipino food Aurora’s Sunburst Grill, where a passionate plate of” tocino “( Filipino-style bacon treated with pineapple juice), eggs, and also rice prices simply$ 7. Picture by Aaron Colussi. Prop designing by Natalie Warady. LoHiCradling a porcelain cup of steaming joe inside the Bindery.

Denver City Guide: 106 Best Local Places & Tours In Denver

‘s intense, dynamic room on Central Road is a beautiful way to welcome the day. The beans come from Denver’s Queen City Coffee Collective, which has actually been attracting regional java enthusiasts with its craftsmen, direct-trade coffees because 2007. thebinderydenver.com Uptown & ArvadaWe’re certain avocado toast has absolutely nothing to do with millennials ‘low homeownership rates, however paying more than$ 10 for the trendy staple isn’t an excellent idea for anyone’s pocketbook. The good news is, Steuben’s Avocado Siren Salute will just set you back$ 5and it’s absolutely divine. The cooking area toasts ciabatta, rubs it with a rich, herby, sour-cream-based schmear, covers it with thin pieces of buttery avocado, as well as garnishes everything with shaved radish and also a drizzle of olive oil. Almost. steubens.com LoDoWe have actually eaten ratings of leathery, flavorless omelets over the yearswhich, in a community recognized for the recipe, is greater than a little unsatisfactory. Say thanks to benefits for Urban.

Farmer, after that, where the Denver omelet obtains its due. Available during weekend break breakfast and weekday breakfast, cook Chris Starkus ‘iteration is studded with portions of roasted environment-friendly chiles, red pepper, as well as regional pork as well as covered with a generous( if ultramodern) pour of barnaise sauce. Finally, we can lay insurance claim to an omelet deserving of our city’s excellent name. urbanfarmerdenver.com Multiple locationsNot just is the Post’s fried hen regularly amazing, with a wonderfully crunchy, flawlessly experienced crust and juicy meat withina mighty fine dish all on its ownbut the cozy dining establishment’s a.m. food selection additionally gives our long for multiple brunch-acceptable ways to consume the humble bird. postbrewing.com Picture by Sarah Boyum. BerkeleyIt’s easy to place pancakesfilled with delicious chocolate chips or jam, soaked in fudge sauce or whipped lotion or whatever over-the-top condiment sweet-toothed guests may think about temptingon a breakfast menu.

What’s even more difficult is to make a pancake that tastes good solo. Wendell’s, the high end restaurant that took control of the initial DJ’s Coffee shop room on Tennyson Street in 2015, has accomplished the latter with its huge buttermilk beauties, which are lightened with whipped egg whites as well as flavored with brandy, vanilla paste, as well as lemon enthusiasm. wendellsbreakfast. investor and entrepreneur Tyler Tysdal.com Methodology: To assign a cost per individual for each and every of these dishes, we amounted to the average price of an entre, a coffee, and a mixed drink or beer. Break out your( fancy) elastic pants prior to dealing with the Sunday breakfast buffet at this hotel near the Park Meadows mall. The price consists of online jazz, bottomless mimosas, and also an all-you-can-eat buffet with made-to-order omelets, a raw fish and shellfish bar, as well as carved beef ribs. Its distance to matine reveals at the close-by Denver Doing Arts Complicated merely contributes to the charm.

. edgerestaurantdenver.com This Cherry Creek stunner inside the Halcyon hotel supplies special, Italian-inspired breakfast fareincluding the signature chicken Parmesan and also light-as-air gnudiand fresh-juice Bellinis( cucumber-lime, white peach, grapefruit-pomegranate )are blended tableside from a restless cart. Our best: a$ 6 Bloody Mary and also the Fettster (seeded rye salute with caper cream cheese and also smoked salmon )with a rally top. Tyler Tysdal SEC. oliveandfincheatery.com With pop-art-bedecked wall surfaces and also a huge roster of boozy drinks, this two-story Sunnyside area is best for families and also revelers alike. Order a bacon trip.

Best Places To Explore Nature Outside Denver Neighborhoods …

as you discuss in between buying the Costa Rica Benedict( smoked pork belly, jalapeo cornbread, pineapple salsa, chipotle hollandaise) or the bacon shrimp as well as grits. Grab a coffee from Crema Bodega, an alcoholic drink from Curiowe like the rum, apple brandy, and also citrus mixture called Dead Presidentsand a huge cinnamon roll from Izzio Bakery to delight in at one of the food hall’s lengthy community tables.

denvercentralmarket.com Obtain the many bang for the least buck at the Sloan’s Lake station of this prominent counter-service spot. riseandshinedenver.com Picture by Aaron Colussi (Lone Tree). Prop designing by Natalie Warady. AuroraIt’s nearly impossible to pick simply one item from Annette’s breakfast food selection, however when pressed to do so, cook Caroline Glover’s waffles drift above the rest. Their light structure comes from a yeasted batter Glover rests over night for utmost flavor growth and loft space. Even much better, the topping mixes change weekly and also with the periods, from apples with salty sugar and also whipped cream in the autumn to blackberries with lemon curd as well as whipped lotion in the spring. annettescratchtotable.com LoHiMeals at There Denver are frequently riotous affairs, particularly if you go during breakfast, when the restaurant provides rotating entertainment with motifs like burlesque, yoga exercise, and also bluegrass songs. For $7, you obtain three heavenly deep-fried orbs that are crunchy on their cinnamon-sugar-coated exteriors, feather-soft within, and also kindly full of tart, house-made raspberryPinot Noir jam. Brunch with a side of burlesque dancing might not be everyone’s thing, however we’re quite sure these doughnuts are. therehospitalitygroup.com Capitol HillVegetarian as well as vegan Denverites need not suffer through bland tofu shuffles and also butter-free salute, many thanks to Cap Hillside’s hipster organization, City, O’ City, where the entire a.m. My individual fave would certainly need to be the Queso Arepa. Who doesn’t enjoy mozzarella cheese, avocado as well as fried plantains!.?. !? Picture politeness of @milehighandhungry on Instagram This french toast is the ideal brunch alternative in Denver. It’s a gooey and also incredible mix of bread, butter, berries, cinnamon, vanilla and also maple syrup.

Prior to a profession in asset management, Tyler built and exited a number of entrepreneurial endeavors as Managing Partner of TIVIS Capital, an incubator for entrepreneurial endeavors. TIVIS Capital constructed business in health care, sports and home entertainment, and real estate.Picture courtesy of @milehighandhungry on Instagram Vert is not only housed in the trendy and pleasant community of Laundry Park, yet it has an awesome food selection that is continuously transforming. Every component they make use of is local and also homemade, as well as while they constantly have sandwiches and also salads, they change up their specials and sides so you can attempt something new each time you go.

Picture courtesy of @infatuation_den on Instagram If you can not distinguish this picture, this is the most effective darn pizza in the state of Colorado. Fresh, self-made dough as well as regional, natural ingredients baked together in a conventional block stove makes these pizzas taste like they’re right out of Naples, Italy. Straightforward ingredients and traditional techniques make Pizzeria Area a must.

20 Best Things To Do In Denver Including Outdoor Activities

You obtain to select the base, healthy protein, sort of curry, veggies and flavors to create a custom-made Indian curry bowl that has amazing taste and also flavor. The active ingredients and also choices are incredibly fresh and frequently changing, enabling you to change it up every single time you go, yet I extremely recommend the coconut curry as well as chicken.

Image courtesy of @infatuation_den on Instagram grass-fed meat, Tillamook cheddar cheese as well as fresh lettuce as well as tomatoes make this cheeseburger a must-have. They throw on some of their unique sauce for the ideal combination of savory as well as zesty, and also their freshly baked bun is the cherry ahead. While their yummy burgers are a reason alone to go, Larkburger’s truffle fries are my preferred fries in Denver, by far.

I would certainly do anything at any kind of give moment to consume these fries and I mean anything people. Picture thanks to @infatuation_den on Instagram Bonnie Brae is a true Denver facility. They make their homemade ice lotion and also cones on website every day, and also have a wide variety of scrumptious tastes available (Colorado resident Tyler Tysdal).

Whether it’s a summer’s night or awesome mid-day, Bonnie Brae is always crowded with pleased children, family members, and also large groups of pals – TIVIS Capital. Image politeness of @infatuation_den on Instagram Denver Biscuit Co. has a nationwide credibility for dishing out hugely great biscuits, and also this reputation can not be a lot more accurate. Their biscuit french salute has the best level of sweetness and is delightfully indulgent, while their egg biscuits are the most satisfying means to begin the day.

syndicated from Best Places To Explore Nature Outside Lone Tree Neighborhoods

syndicated from Originally posted on Best Places To Explore Nature Outside Lone Tree Neighborhoods

[runnowrelay]

11 Best Places To Visit In Denver (2020 Guide)

ultreiadenver.com City Park WestUntil just recently, fried rice had not been the first, or perhaps 2nd Tyler Tysdal and Platte Management, point we believed about when we contemplated a huge , brunch-y dishof carbohydrates. We commonly booked those visions for biscuits, pancakes, or hash (discover our favorites listed below ). But then we fed on a heaping offering of Onefold’s magnificent fried rice with Chinese sausage(” lap cheong” ), and all that transformed. Garnished with sauted pieces of wonderful, meaty lap cheong (or duck, pork, or bacon) and 2 deep-fried eggs, it’s an enjoyable shock that we mean to consume on repeat. onefolddenver.com Image by Aaron Colussi. Prop styling by Natalie Warady. RiNoNearly every food author in Denver has actually proclaimed Kyle Foster’s biscuitsand below we go once more. They are baked to get as well as have crusty sides that smash so when you attack into them. They hurt inside, salted, as well as oh-so abundant.

They havethe requisite half-cracked texture, yet they’re additionally somehow pillowy and also certainly hold more butter than a typical biscuit. Foster is, put simply, a biscuit wizard. And also please inform Foster that, this time around, 5280 sent you. juleprino.com Chinese food Star Kitchen area on Mississippi Method for the best dim amount around. You’ll wait on a table on weekend break early mornings, yet the pan-fried turnip cake with XO sauce, shrimp-stuffed eggplant, and also congee with duck egg.

are worth it. starkitchenseafooddimsum.com English food The British Bulldog, since if you’re mosting likely to invest your weekend break mornings viewing Premier Organization matches, you might too do so over a full English breakfasttwo eggs, a” banger”( sausage),” rashers”( bacon), mushrooms, beans, fried tomato, as well as toastat this 12-year-old Five Factors club.

britishbulldogdenver.com Ethiopian food Colfax Method’s Africana Coffee shop, which opens up at 9 a – Lone Tree.m. africanaethiopianfood.com Vietnamese food Pho 95 on Federal Blvd forwhat else?a steaming dish of its signature brothy noodle soup, a typical breakfast in Southeast Asia. The Pho 95 special, with filet mignon, brisket, and flank, is a classic Denver hangover remedy. pho95noodlehouse.com Filipino food Aurora’s Sunburst Grill, where a hearty plate of” tocino “( Filipino-style bacon cured with pineapple juice), eggs, and rice prices just$ 7. Photo by Aaron Colussi. Prop styling by Natalie Warady. LoHiCradling a porcelain mug of steaming joe inside the Bindery.

25 Best Places To Visit In Denver On A Date – Vacationidea.com

‘s intense, busy room on Central Street is a gorgeous way to greet the day. The beans originate from Denver’s Queen City Coffee Collective, which has been seducing local java lovers with its craftsmen, direct-trade coffees considering that 2007. thebinderydenver.com Uptown & ArvadaWe’re certain avocado salute has absolutely nothing to do with millennials ‘reduced homeownership prices, however paying greater than$ 10 for the stylish staple isn’t a fantastic idea for any person’s purse. Luckily, Steuben’s Avocado Siren Toast will just establish you back$ 5and it’s absolutely magnificent. The kitchen toasts ciabatta, rubs it with a rich, herby, sour-cream-based schmear, covers it with slim slices of buttery avocado, and also garnishes all of it with cut radish and a drizzle of olive oil. Virtually. steubens.com LoDoWe’ve eaten ratings of leathery, flavorless omelets over the yearswhich, in a community known for the meal, is greater than a little frustrating. Say thanks to benefits for Urban.

Farmer, after that, where the Denver omelet obtains its due. Available throughout weekend brunch as well as weekday breakfast, cook Chris Starkus ‘iteration is studded with chunks of baked green chiles, red pepper, as well as local pork and covered with a charitable( if nontraditional) pour of barnaise sauce. Finally, we can lay case to an omelet worthwhile of our city’s excellent name. urbanfarmerdenver.com Several locationsNot just is the Article’s fried hen regularly incredible, with a superbly crunchy, completely skilled crust and also juicy meat withina mighty fine dish all on its ownbut the pleasant dining establishment’s a.m. food selection additionally approves our long for multiple brunch-acceptable methods to consume the humble bird. postbrewing.com Image by Sarah Boyum. BerkeleyIt’s easy to place pancakesfilled with delicious chocolate chips or jam, soaked in fudge sauce or whipped lotion or whatever outrageous spice sweet-toothed visitors may take into consideration temptingon a brunch menu.

What’s harder is to make a pancake that tastes good solo. Wendell’s, the upscale diner that took control of the original DJ’s Cafe area on Tennyson Street in 2015, has actually accomplished the last with its massive buttermilk beauties, which are lightened with whipped egg whites and seasoned with brandy, vanilla paste, and lemon zest. wendellsbreakfast. Colorado resident Tyler Tysdal.com Technique: To appoint a price per person for each and every of these dishes, we completed the average price of an entre, a coffee, and also a mixed drink or beer. Break out your( fancy) elastic trousers before taking on the Sunday breakfast buffet at this resort near the Park Meadows mall. The price consists of online jazz, endless mimosas, as well as an all-you-can-eat buffet with made-to-order omelets, a raw fish and shellfish bar, and also sculpted prime rib. Its closeness to matine reveals at the close-by Denver Executing Arts Complex just includes to the charm.

. edgerestaurantdenver.com This Cherry Creek stunner inside the Halcyon hotel uses distinct, Italian-inspired breakfast fareincluding the trademark chicken Parmesan and also light-as-air gnudiand fresh-juice Bellinis( cucumber-lime, white peach, grapefruit-pomegranate )are combined tableside from an unquiet cart. Our go-to: a$ 6 Bloody Mary as well as the Fettster (seeded rye toast with caper cream cheese and smoked salmon )with an agitate top. Freedom Factory. oliveandfincheatery.com With pop-art-bedecked walls and a huge roster of boozy drinks, this two-story Sunnyside area is perfect for households and revelers alike. Order a bacon flight.

25 Best Places To Visit In Denver On A Date – Vacationidea.com

as you question between purchasing the Costa Rica Benedict( smoked pork stubborn belly, jalapeo cornbread, pineapple salsa, chipotle hollandaise) or the bacon shrimp as well as grits. Get hold of a coffee from Crema Bodega, an alcoholic drink from Curiowe like the rum, apple brandy, as well as citrus concoction called Dead Presidentsand an enormous cinnamon roll from Izzio Bakeshop to appreciate at one of the food hall’s long neighborhood tables.

denvercentralmarket.com Get one of the most bang for the least dollar at the Sloan’s Lake station of this preferred counter-service spot. riseandshinedenver.com Photo by Aaron Colussi (Freedom Factory). Prop designing by Natalie Warady. AuroraIt’s nearly difficult to choose simply one product from Annette’s breakfast food selection, however when pushed to do so, cook Caroline Glover’s waffles drift over the rest. Their light structure comes from a yeasted batter Glover rests overnight for best taste advancement and also loft. Even much better, the covering mixes change regular and with the seasons, from apples with salted caramel and also whipped cream in the autumn to blackberries with lemon curd and whipped cream in the springtime. annettescratchtotable.com LoHiMeals at There Denver are commonly riotous events, specifically if you go during breakfast, when the restaurant offers rotating home entertainment with themes like burlesque, yoga, as well as bluegrass music. For $7, you get three beautiful deep-fried orbs that are crispy on their cinnamon-sugar-coated exteriors, feather-soft within, as well as generously filled up with tart, house-made raspberryPinot Noir jam. Brunch with a side of burlesque dance might not be every person’s thing, however we’re rather certain these doughnuts are. therehospitalitygroup.com Capitol HillVegetarian and also vegan Denverites need not experience via boring tofu scrambles as well as butter-free salute, many thanks to Cap Hill’s hipster institution, City, O’ City, where the entire a.m. My individual favorite would certainly have to be the Queso Arepa. Who doesn’t like mozzarella cheese, avocado as well as fried plantains!.?. !? Image courtesy of @milehighandhungry on Instagram This french salute is the very best brunch option in Denver. It’s a gooey as well as divine mix of bread, butter, berries, cinnamon, vanilla and also maple syrup.

In 15 years of managing assets and backing several entrepreneurs, Tyler Tysdal’s business managed or co-managed, non-discretionary, roughly $1.7 billion in assets for ultra-wealthy households in industries such as healthcare, oil and gas, realty, sports and entertainment, specialized loaning, spirits, innovation, durable goods, water, and services business. His team advised clients to buy nearly 100 entrepreneurial companies, funds, personal loaning deals, and genuine estate. Ty’s performance history with the private equity capital he released under the first billionaire client was over 100% yearly returns. Which was throughout the Great Recession of 2008-2010. He has created numerous millions in wealth for clients. However, provided his lessons from working with a handful of the certified, extremely sophisticated individuals who might not appear to be pleased on the upside or understand the possible downside of a deal, he is back to work exclusively with entrepreneurs to help them sell their business.Image courtesy of @milehighandhungry on Instagram Vert is not just housed in the trendy as well as homey community of Clean Park, yet it has a killer menu that is frequently changing. Every active ingredient they make use of is local as well as homemade, as well as while they always have sandwiches as well as salads, they switch over up their specials as well as sides so you can try something brand-new whenever you go.

Picture thanks to @infatuation_den on Instagram If you can not inform from this image, this is the most effective darn pizza in the state of Colorado. Fresh, home made dough as well as local, natural components baked together in a traditional brick stove makes these pizzas taste like they’re right out of Naples, Italy. Straightforward components and conventional methods make Restaurant Location a must.

18 Best Things To Do In Denver – U.s. News Travel

You reach pick the base, healthy protein, sort of curry, veggies as well as flavorings to create a customized Indian curry bowl that has extraordinary taste as well as flavor. The active ingredients as well as alternatives are unbelievably fresh as well as constantly transforming, enabling you to change it up every single time you go, yet I extremely advise the coconut curry and poultry.

Picture thanks to @infatuation_den on Instagram grass-fed meat, Tillamook cheddar cheese as well as fresh lettuce and tomatoes make this cheeseburger an essential. They throw on a few of their special sauce for the very best combination of savory and also zesty, and also their newly baked bun is the cherry ahead. While their delicious hamburgers are a factor alone to go, Larkburger’s truffle french fries are my preferred fries in Denver, hands down.

I would do anything at any kind of provide moment to eat these french fries and also I suggest anything individuals. Photo thanks to @infatuation_den on Instagram Bonnie Brae is a real Denver facility. They make their homemade gelato and also cones on site each day, and have a myriad of tasty tastes readily available (Tyler Tysdal).

Whether it’s a summer’s evening or amazing afternoon, Bonnie Brae is always crowded with happy kids, family members, as well as big groups of close friends – Tyler Tysdal. Image courtesy of @infatuation_den on Instagram Denver Biscuit Co. has a national credibility for providing remarkably great biscuits, and this credibility could not be a lot more accurate. Their biscuit french salute has the ideal level of sweetness and also is deliciously indulgent, while their egg biscuits are the most gratifying method to start the day.

Originally posted on https://adamgarcia0.blogspot.com/2020/05/11-best-places-to-visit-in-denver-2020.html

syndicated from 11 Best Places To Visit In Denver (2020 Guide)

[veganerudition]

Commercial layer industry summary

Most layer hens are purchased from  primary breeder companies in which eggs or more commonly new-born chicks are sexed and divided based on sex-linked physical traits. Female chicks are sold to become commercial layers themselves. Male chicks are slaughtered as a by-product of the industry, as they are not genetically nor phenotypically viable for meat production.

Chicks are then transferred to rearing facilities for around 18 weeks where daylight is controlled in order to not stimulate premature laying. This can either be a caged system or housed. They are then transferred to a layer facility between 18 and 20 weeks of age where they will be photo-stimulated to begin laying eggs. Day lengths are artificially controlled in the majority of commercial flocks (caged is the most common system in order to achieve this control), and the chickens are fed rations high in calcium and adequate in protein needed to support their elevated laying numbers. Modern hens have been selectively bred to produce many more eggs than they naturally would, above 250 a year with some reaching 300 a year. This compares to less than 30 per year in wild fowl, and 150 per year for hens in the early 1900′s.

Layers are forced through egg-laying cycles in which they lay for just over a year, are forced to rest or molt for a few weeks, and begin a new cycle. Each cycle results in less eggs and lower quality as the hen’s ability to support the continuous laying decreases (despite constant supplementary feed), and layers are usually slaughtered after anywhere from 1 to 3 cycles depending on their productivity. Molting is induced by drastically reducing their food intake and also reducing daylight hours to halt reproductive function. Molting is done to enforce a “rest and recovery” period to prolong the productivity of the layer as much as possible.

Mortality in laying flocks can be put down to cannibalism, disease, environmental extremities in uncontrolled facilities, and general ill health due to the intensity of production. Rates can be anywhere between 12-18% in caged systems and 35% in barn systems. Mortality is often highest in free-roaming housed systems where de-beaking is not performed and the birds are allowed to interact freely with each other. Cannibalism is often thought to be a sign of poor welfare, and is seen regularly in systems where birds are over-crowded, poorly managed, not provided with enrichment, and are not allowed to perform natural behaviours.

Approximately 6.6. billion chickens make up the egg-laying industry per annum, with the average commercial hen being slaughtered anywhere from 1.5 to 3 years (their normal lifespan being 6-12 years) as their egg production begins to decrease from around 30 weeks. 

Sources: https://www.aecl.org/assets/RD-files/Outputs-2/UQ93AA-Final-Report.pdf http://extension.psu.edu/animals/poultry/topics/general-educational-material/the-chicken/modern-egg-industry http://www.poultryhub.org/production/industry-structure-and-organisations/egg-industry/ http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4628E/y4628e03.htm

[vandykecarolpdrf7]

Should I Buy Organic, Grass-Fed, and Pastured Animal Products?

Over the past several decades, questions have been raised about the health implications of industrially farmed meat, dairy, and eggs. People who follow keto or low-carb diets may be among the most concerned, as many of us rely on these foods for a large portion of our energy needs.

Naturally raised animal products have several advantages over conventionally raised ones; however, they're usually considerably more expensive. But is it necessary to select only organic, grass-fed, or pastured animal products?

In this article, I'll discuss different methods of raising animals for food, the benefits of consuming animals raised naturally, and how to make the best choices for your health and the environment while keeping costs down.

What Is the Difference Between Organic, Grass Fed, and Pastured?

The terms used for different types of naturally raised animal products can be confusing. Although there is some overlap, there are also some important distinctions between them. For instance, not all livestock raised on grass is certified organic, and not all organic meat and dairy products come from animals that were raised solely on pasture. Moreover, standards vary from country to country.

Here are the general criteria for each classification, per the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) when applicable:

Naturally Raised

Animals do not receive growth-promoting hormones, antibiotics, or by-products of other animals

Packaged meat and dairy contain no artificial colors, additives or preservatives

Certified Organic

Animals are fed only certified organic feed (grass and/or grains)

Animals are allowed year-round access to the outdoors except under certain conditions, such as bad weather

Animals do not receive growth-promoting hormones, antibiotics, or by-products of other animals. Vaccinations are allowed.

Grass Fed

Note: The USDA no longer certifies or qualifies meat as grass fed. This is handled by independent associations, such as American Grassfed and others.

Animals consume mainly grass from pasture but may receive substitutes like alfalfa during the winter months in some areas.

Animals aren't treated with hormones and are only given antibiotics in rare cases of bacterial illness.

Animals are typically raised under conditions identical to organic but are not “certified organic” due to the expense of obtaining this certification.

For eggs, different terms and criteria are used

Free range: Hens are allowed access to the outdoors, although the amount of time and space allotted isn't defined, nor are the conditions (concrete vs. grass vs. dirt). Additionally, type of feed isn't specified.

Cage free: Hens are raised indoors in a henhouse and may be allowed to roam inside, but without access to the outdoors. Again, type of feed isn't specified.

Pastured: Hens are allowed to roam in pastures to hunt and peck for food during the day. At night the hens stay in a hen house, where they roost and lay eggs.

Concerns About Conventionally Raised Animal Products

There are several reasons people are increasingly turning away from industrially raised meat, dairy, and eggs.

Antibiotic Residues

Cows, chickens, and other animals raised on industrial farms known as concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are typically given antibiotics on a routine basis in order to prevent bacterial infections and increase their growth.

However, chronic administration of antibiotics leads to several problems among livestock that may be transferred to humans, including antibiotic resistance and potentially harmful changes in gut bacteria (1, 2).

Although cooking meat and chicken reduces some of the antibiotic residues, it doesn't completely eliminate them, and this is a major health concern. In 2017, one group of experts proposed taxing animal products raised with antibiotics based on the practice's strong contribution to antibiotic resistance (3).

Growth-Promoting Hormones

In addition to antibiotics, many conventionally farmed cows, steer, and other livestock in the US and some other countries are given steroid hormones that cause them to grow larger within a shorter period of time. These include estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other hormones, many of which increase appetite and weight gain (1).

Although growth hormones are banned in the EU, they are sometimes used illegally, and some European researchers have pointed out that commercial meat is rarely tested for hormone residues (4).

Inhumane Treatment of Livestock

In CAFOs, which are sometimes referred to as “factory farms,” animals are raised in overcrowded conditions and have virtually no access to the outdoors, which many people consider inhumane.

In addition, these animals are typically fed grain, soy, and other foods that are not part of their natural diet.

Environmental Impact

Industrial farming has been widely criticized for its negative environmental effects, including irreversible changes to our ecosystem, global warming, and pollution of rivers and other water sources (5, 6).

Benefits of Consuming Naturally Raised Animal Products

Avoiding potential harm from antibiotic and hormone residues is a clear benefit of eating food that comes from naturally raised cows, chickens, and other livestock. What's more, these animals often produce more nutritious meat, dairy and eggs than their industrially raised counterparts, and this may translate into health benefits for humans.

Meat and Poultry Improved Fatty Acid Profile

Several comparative studies have shown that feeding livestock their natural diet of grass and herbs results in meat with a higher ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (7, 8, 9, 10).

Omega-3 fats are considered anti-inflammatory, whereas omega-6 fats have been shown to cause inflammation when consumed in large amounts. Today, most people in Western countries consume roughly 10 times as much omega-6 as omega-3 PUFAs, although the ideal ratio is somewhere between 4:1 and 1:1.

In an analysis of 67 studies of organic vs. conventional beef, omega-3 PUFA content was 47% higher in organic meat, which researchers acknowledged was largely due to the primarily forage-based diets of the cows raised on organic farms (11).

Additionally, compared to grain-fed meat, grass-fed meat is higher in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a PUFA linked to several health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes (11, 10).

Higher Amounts of Vitamins A, E, and K2

Meat from grass-fed animals is typically higher in the fat-soluble vitamins A and E than meat from grain-fed livestock (11).

Moreover, although studies haven't compared the vitamin K2 (menaquinone) content of grass-fed vs. grain-fed meat, grass-fed meat would be expected to provide greater amounts due to the animals' conversion of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in grass to vitamin K2.

Greater Antioxidant Capacity

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that contains the amino acids glutamine, glycine, and cysteine. In recent years, it has received a lot of attention for reducing cancer risk by protecting cells from free radicals.

Although your body produces glutathione on its own, it can also be obtained via diet, primarily through consuming green vegetables and meat. In studies, meat from animals that forage on grass has been found to contain more glutathione than meat from grain-fed animals (10, 12).

Dairy Products

Similar to meat, dairy from organic, grass-fed animals is higher in omega-3 PUFAs and has a lower (better) omega-6:omega-3 ratio than dairy from grain-fed animals.

A 2016 meta-analysis from 71 studies found that omega 6:omega-3 ratios were 71% lower in organic milk than conventional milk. In addition, organic milk was shown to have greater CLA and vitamin E content, although it was lower in the minerals iodine and selenium (13). Other studies have confirmed that dairy from cows fed a grass-based diet contains far more CLA than dairy from grain-fed cows (14, 15).

Recently, researchers who tested 1,000 milk samples in the US over a period of three years reported that milk from grass-fed cows had omega 6:omega-3 ratios that were significantly lower than milk from conventionally raised cows. Milk from grass-fed cows was also found to have a lower omega-6:omega-3 ratio than milk from organic cows because not all of the organic cows consumed a 100% grass diet (15).

Eggs

Most studies have shown that organic eggs and eggs from pastured chickens have better omega-6:omega-3 ratios and higher vitamin E content than conventional eggs, due to their diets and living conditions that are more similar to their natural habitat (16, 17).

In one study dating back to 1974, eggs from pastured hens were found to have 50% more folic acid and 70% more B12 than eggs from hens raised in battery cages (18). Interestingly, in this study, omega-6:omega-3 ratios were similar among all hens. However, considering the diets and conditions of caged hens on industrial farms currently, the fatty acid ratios would likely be different compared to pastured hens if the study were repeated today.

Potential for Improved Human Health

Does choosing naturally raised animal products instead of those from industrially-farmed animals lead to better health in humans?

Many people have suggested that it may, and there is some research supporting this. However, one of the limitations of observational studies is that people who eat primarily organic food tend to make better food choices overall and engage in other healthy behaviors, such as refraining from smoking, exercising regularly, and staying at or near a normal weight (19).

On the other hand, some experimental studies suggest that consuming naturally raised animals may potentially help reduce disease risk factors by decreasing inflammation and improving other health markers.

Recently a group of researchers conducted a large review of diet intervention studies and compared health marker changes among study participants who consumed cheese, beef, eggs, and butter from animals raised under different conditions. Overall, they found higher levels of omega-3 PUFAs and CLA but lower levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein in subjects who consumed foods from naturally raised animals compared to industrially farmed animals (19).

Decreased Environmental Burden

In addition to improving the health of our animals and potentially our own health as well, organic farming could also help protect our planet. The negative environmental effects of CAFOs ("factory farms") may be reduced by raising animals naturally on small farms that use fewer natural resources, create less air pollution, and avoid contaminating water and land with residues from antibiotics and growth hormones (21, 22).

Making Healthy Choices on a Budget

Due to the often high cost of organic animal products, consuming them exclusively isn't realistic for everyone, at least at this point. Fortunately, there are several ways to make healthier food choices. Here a few general recommendations:

Opt for antibiotic and hormone-free sources. If organic dairy is too expensive, make a point of purchasing conventional dairy products from cows that have not been treated with antibiotics or hormones. This should be indicated on the package.

Buying pastured eggs from local farmers can often be less expensive than buying these items at the store. When purchasing non-pastured eggs, select eggs from antibiotic-free chickens fed high-omega-3 diets, which should be indicated on the carton.

Buy a whole organic chicken and eat as many parts as you can, including the liver and perhaps other organs as well. Save the bones to make bone broth or chicken stock. Organic chicken is much less expensive than organic meat, and using as much of the animal as possible makes the best sense from both an economic and health standpoint.

Consider purchasing organic or grass-fed meat more often while saving money on other foods by following these guidelines for staying keto on a budget.

Take Home Message

Choosing meat, poultry, dairy, and eggs from naturally raised animals is ideal when it comes to our own health, animal welfare, and protecting our planet.

However, for some people, consuming only organic, pastured, and grass-fed animal products isn't realistic due to high cost and limited availability.

Although purchasing lower-cost organic items when possible is a great practice, it's important to keep in mind that all animal foods are excellent sources of high-quality protein and provide many important vitamins and minerals, regardless of how they are raised. Consuming fresh conventional meat, eggs, and dairy will still provide you with many health benefits as part of a well-balanced keto or low-carb lifestyle.

http://bit.ly/2t8BIsw

[sandcreekfarm]

What is the Most Profitable Livestock For Small Farm?

To build up your business plan, it is not difficult, but you need to be careful and plan your business properly. Inherited a large land area, you would like to convert it into something beneficial with some cattle. So, what is the most profitable livestock for small farms? Could you just choose any animals that are interesting to you or should you need some specific advice?

What you need when raising livestock?

1. Land area

Before making any investment in farming, it is highly recommended that you should make research into which livestock is the most suitable for your land. This will depend on what you already own, and how much you’re willing to spend on your farm.

Upon considering the most profitable livestock to raise on your farm, you will have to look into how large the land should be for the livestock, whether a shelter or fences are needed. Generally, the recommended area for each livestock is as below:

Animal Area needed per animal Horse 1-2 acres Beef cattle 1-2 acres Dairy cattle 1-2 acres Goat ½ acre Sheep ½ acre Pig 1/12 acre Chicken 4 square feet

2. Fencing & feeding

As mentioned earlier, there are different requirements depending on the animals.

Regarding the fencing needs, the fences could be post and rail or electric fences combined with wire, while goats, sheep and pigs can be surrounded with woven wire and electric fences. For chickens, fencing is mainly to prevent predators from harming the flock.

In terms of forage, goats and sheep do not require high-quality feeding, whereas horses and dairy cows need a lot of nutrition in their diet to produce milk effectively and stay strong.

3. Others

Besides those factors above, you have to take care of the annual cost to raise the animal as well. They might be:

The initial cost of the animal

Feeding per month

Additional fencing or shelters that need building

Veterinary care

Considering all of the spending mentioned, you might draw a picture of how much you probably invest in your business.

The most profitable livestock for small farm

Based on your regions and the market values, the profit that your products bring might vary. Current market prices will define how much you’ll get for each animal.

But, according to my experience, the most profitable livestock for small farms is chickens. Well, interestingly, chickens were agreed by Bill Gates to be the best animal to raise for eradicating poverty in Africa.

Chickens are easy to raise and scale

So, why are chickens my choice?

Raising chickens is low feeding cost

Chickens are believed to be able to eat almost anything. They can feed on vegetable waste, weeds, or leftovers. That’s why it doesn’t cost much to spend on food for chickens.

Chickens provide multi products

When raising chickens, owners can benefit from not only eggs but also meat produced by chickens. It will depend on what your purpose is and the market you are aiming for, which enables you to choose a good chicken type for your farm.

If you would like to be the top egg producer, you are sure to choose the top chicken egg layers. If your aim is qualified chicken meat, you have to find a great meat chicken. Or if you would like to invest in dual-purpose chickens that can produce both eggs and meat effectively, you are required to find out which breed is proper for you too.

To find what livestock makes the most money, you will also have to learn how to make a smart investment.

Chicken manure is another interesting product. It contains a high level of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which is good for garden fertilizer.

Chicken for eggs

Commonly, hens will start their egg-laying at 3-5 months old. Some sorts of chickens can give more than 300 eggs per year. In case eggs are fertilized, which means a hen has mated with a rooster before laying an egg, the number of chickens in a flock can increase from 6 to 40 in 8-9 months.

The top 3 chicken breeds recommended are:

White Leghorns: Around 280 eggs per year. Energetic and easily scared.

Rhode Island Reds: Around 260 eggs per year. More difficult to handle because of their temper. Not recommended for beginners.

Golden Comet: 250-300 eggs per year. Friendly and gentle, proper for beginners.

The number of eggs produced per year also depends on the climate. The best weather for chickens to lay eggs is warm or above freezing during the year. In colder areas, you will need additional equipment to maintain an ideal temperature for your flock.

However, there are also some exceptions that some chicken breeds can resist the cold weather to give eggs during the winter. For example, Wyandotte Chickens (about 260 eggs a year), Dominick (270 eggs per year), or Australorp Chickens (300 eggs per year).

Chicken for meat

Meat chickens normally grow faster and the feed to meat ratio is lower than other regular chicken breeds. This means the money spent on feeding is less and you can sell your chickens earlier.

Meat chickens are recommended to raise in a temperate environment in the summer months. If it is too hot, chickens can gain weight very fast, so in this case, you need to have some additional equipment to adjust the temperature. Sufficient water is also required.

The 3 most popular chicken breeds invested for meat are:

Cornish Cross (Broiler): 8 lbs. per female and 12 lbs. per male. Fast-growing so can be harvested in 4-6 weeks.

Jersey Giant: 10 lbs. per male and 13 lbs. per male. Require more time to be large. Ready for harvesting after 20 weeks.

Bresse: 7 lbs. per chicken. More expensive meat. Ready for harvesting after 16-20 weeks.

Dual-purpose chickens

Some farmers might choose dual-purpose chickens which can bring benefits from their meat and eggs. This type of business is also popular because after collecting eggs, you can start your investment on the new flock, and sell the older chickens for meat at the same time.

Moreover, the profit might be higher if organic eggs and meat are produced, or if you have your own market for your products.

Some chicken breeds suggested for this purpose are:

Black Australorp: Give an egg every day in the correct condition. Produce 5-8 lbs. of meat per chicken after the laying years. Friendly characteristic.

Speckled Sussex: Produce eggs regularly. Give 7-9 lbs. of meat per chicken after egg laying. Protective roosters.

Rhode Island Red: Besides being productive in eggs, those chickens can supply 6-9 lbs of meat after their laying.

Because of those benefits chicken can bring about, they are considered the most profitable livestock to raise.

Conclusion

Having a small farm, and loving to make a business, you have a lot to consider upon what livestock makes the most money. You will need to look into what you have, the strengths of your business, and the animal breed properly for your business purpose. My advice on the most profitable livestock for small farms is chickens. If you are interested and would like to expand your farm with other animals, for example, cows, it is up to your ability.

Source: What is the Most Profitable Livestock For Small Farm?

source https://sandcreekfarm.net/most-profitable-livestock-for-small-farm/

[florahecate]

Read More The Fattiest Restaurant Meals in America

The following post The Fattiest Restaurant Meals in America is republished from Eat This Not That by Cheyenne Buckingham

Americans are notorious for consuming too much of everything: calories, sodium, carbohydrates, and yes, fat. Contrary to what many may believe, big-chain restaurants are often times the host of larger-than-average, unhealthy meals—more so than fast-food restaurants even. So that means, to the American consumer’s misfortune, a lot of meals served at these famed sit-down chain restaurants comprise far too much fat and there’s a chance you might just be chowing down on some of the fattiest restaurant meals in the country.

See, the 2015-2020 American Dietary Guidelines say that you should limit your fat intake to 35 percent of calories on a daily basis for a healthy lifestyle. So for the average person, that’s about 78 grams of total fat per day. The team at Eat This, Not That! set out to discover the fattiest restaurant meals out there so that way you can basically avoid ordering these dishes the next time you head out to dinner.

In order to compile a list of the fattiest plates served at full-service restaurants, we assessed the nutritional content of roughly 60 dishes from some of the nation’s most popular full-service restaurants. On this list, seven restaurants are the culprits of producing 20 of the most fat-laden meals you can order. Just how fat-filled are they? The meal with the least fat contains 129 grams of the stuff and one-quarter of the dishes on this list contain at least double your daily recommended value of fat. Check them out, ranked from least worst to the absolute worst. It all might just make you decide to cook dinner at home and skip dining out as much…

20

Cheesecake Factory Fish & Chips

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 1,860 calories, 121 g fat (24 g saturated fat, 1 g trans fat), 2,960 mg sodium, 133 g carbs (8 g fiber, 30 g sugar), 53 g protein

Fish is without question one of the healthiest foods you can eat. However, this dish covers everything that was healthy with batter and oils. Not only is the fat content of 121 grams a day an a half’s worth of your daily dietary recommendation of 78 grams, but it also packs a gargantuan amount of sodium. For context, you should consume a max of 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day, and this meal exceeds that value by over 600 milligrams.

19

Cheesecake Factory Louisiana Chicken Pasta

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,120 calories, 125 g fat (65 g saturated fat, 4 g trans fat), 4,030 mg sodium, 168 g carbs (10 g fiber, 16 g sugar), 83 g protein

This bowl of pasta has southern soul food written all over it. Unfortunately, this fried, creamy plate of heaven is not something to be praised. Just one serving contains 4 grams of trans fat, which raises your bad cholesterol levels known as LDL, according to the American Heart Association.

18

Buffalo Wild Wings Cheese Curd Bacon Burger With Fries

Nutrition: 1,940 calories, 127 g fat (44.5 g saturated fat, 4.5 g trans fat), 3,610 mg sodium, 131 g carbs (10 g fiber, 10 g sugar), 73 g protein

Buffalo Wild Wings may be known for its, well, expansive list of chicken wings, but it also offers calorie-packed burgers such as the one above. The cheese curd and bacon-filled burger packs a whopping 145 grams of total fat, which is comparable to eating about 85 of Lay’s chips.

17

Romano Macaroni Grill’s Mama’s Trio

Romano's Macaroni Grill/Facebook

Nutrition: 2,110 calories, 129 g fat (56 g saturated fat, 2.5 g trans fat), 3,940 mg sodium, 140 g carbs (9 g fiber, 19 g sugar), 103 g protein

Don’t let this photo fool you. While the portion sizes of this decadent chicken parmesan, lasagna bolognese, and fettuccine Alfredo appears to be modest, they’re most certainly not. If eaten in one sitting, the meal exceeds your entire day’s worth of calories by about 100 calories as well as your daily allowance of fat by just over 50 grams. Yikes!

16

Cheesecake Factory Bistro Shrimp Pasta

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,010 calories, 131 g fat (58 g saturated fat, 3.5 g trans fat), 3,180 mg sodium, 152 g carbs (10 g fiber, 10 g sugar), 58 g protein

Who doesn’t love a carb-laden bowl of creamy pasta? Unfortunately, like many dishes from the Cheesecake Factory, this one is chock-full of the bad stuff such as excess saturated fat, sodium, and even too much protein. All of which put extra stress on the heart. Do yourself a favor and skip the crispy beer battered shrimp pasta and opt for a more sensible menu item that costs you a quarter of the energy and nutrients!

15

Cheesecake Factory Bruléed French Toast with Bacon

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,180 calories, 131 g fat (70 g saturated fat, 4 g trans fat), 1,070 mg sodium, 208 g carbs (7 g fiber, 115 g sugar), 45 g protein

It’s utterly shocking to see a plate of French toast with a side of bacon accumulate 131 grams of fat. You could satisfy your day’s worth (plus some) of every macronutrient with this meal order.

14

Uno Pizzeria & Grill Bacon Cheddar Burger

Courtesy of Uno Pizzeria & Grill

Nutrition: 1,800 calories, 132 g fat (40.5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 3,620 mg sodium, 70 g carbs (9 g fiber, 2 g sugar), 76 g protein

Say hello to this artery-clogging burger. But seriously, there’s 245 milligrams of cholesterol in the juicy burger, which is almost your entire’s day worth at 300 milligrams. Those with a high risk of heart disease should especially steer clear, because this meal surpasses their daily recommended allotment of just 200 milligrams.

13

Chili’s Bacon Ranch Beef Quesadilla

Courtesy of Chili's

Nutrition: 1,830 calories, 137 g fat (46 g saturated fat, 2 g trans fat), 4,000 mg sodium, 69 g carbs (4 g fiber, 10 g sugar), 82 g protein

Clocking in at 137 grams of fat is Chili’s bacon ranch and beef quesadilla. For context, 137 grams is nearly double the amount of fat in an entire pint of Häagen-Dazs chocolate ice cream, which amounts to 68 grams of fat. This quesadilla is also chock-full of saturated fat, coming in at a whopping 46 grams. And for reference, only a mere 10 percent of the calories you eat per day should be saturated fat.

12

O’Charley’s Nashville Hot Baby Back Ribs (With Fries and Broccoli)

@OCharleys/Twitter

Nutrition: 2,050 calories, 142 g fat (39.5 g saturated fat, 1.5 g trans fat), 5,510 mg sodium, 109 g carbs (12 g fiber, 52 g sugar), 77 g protein

Is it just us or do these ribs appear to be glistening in this photo? Not so fast though! Before sinking into a slab of these bad boys you should be warned—the fat content is sky-high at 142 grams, as is the sodium content at 5,510 milligrams. That’s more than double the daily recommendation of just 2,300 milligrams of sodium!

11

Uno Pizzeria & Grill Double Grilled Cheese Burger

Courtesy of Uno Pizzeria & Grill

Nutrition: 1,990 calories, 144 g fat (42.5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 3,520 mg sodium, 103 g carbs (7 g fiber, 8 g sugar), 66 g protein

Talk about double trouble. As if one generous helping of cheese wasn’t loaded in fat on its own, Uno Pizzeria & Grill decided to amp up the fat content with this double grilled cheeseburger.

10

Uno Pizzeria & Grill Bacon Me Happy Burger

Courtesy of Uno Pizzeria & Grill

Nutrition: 2,060 calories, 144 g fat (43.5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 3,860 mg sodium, 107 g carbs (10 g fiber, 34 g sugar), 82 g protein

OK, but is this burger really going to make you happy? We would argue that’s not the case. This bacon-stacked burger contains an off the charts number of calories, fat, sodium, carbs, and even protein. To put into perspective just how much 82 grams of protein is, the typical woman (who does not exercise) should consume about 45 grams a day—that’s nearly double her daily necessary intake! Men who lead sedentary lifestyles should only consume 56 grams, which also falls well below the protein this burger offers.

9

Cheesecake Factory Chicken Parmesan Sandwich

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,020 calories, 144 g fat (65 g saturated fat, 4 g trans fat), 2,940 mg sodium, 97 g carbs (5 g fiber, 5 g sugar), 82 g protein

Just when you thought the cheesecake was the fattiest food item on the menu at the Cheesecake Factory, they offer a meal such as this. The sandwich packs 145 grams of total fat, 65 grams of which is pure saturated fat. Sorry buddy, but this one may take a toll on your heart if ingested on the reg.

8

Cheesecake Factory Pasta Carbonara with Chicken

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,340 calories, 145 g fat (70 g saturated fat, 3.5 g trans fat), 4,030 mg sodium, 141 g carbs (10 g fiber, 11 g sugar), 85 g protein

The Cheesecake Factory strikes out yet again with another fat-laden meal. The restaurant’s pasta carbonara with chicken houses nearly 70 grams of saturated fat, well above the recommended 13 grams the American Heart Association says is safe for heart health.

7

Cheesecake Factory Chicken Katsu

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,520 calories, 142 g fat (51 g saturated fat, 3.5 g trans fat), 4,540 mg sodium, 201 g carbs (8 g fiber, 40 g sugar), 112 g protein

Even though this behemoth dish is reserved for Cheesecake Factory goers in Hawaii, we’re still shocked the chain would even offer something like this. It’s packed with fat, sodium, and protein. Beware though, this seemingly harmless chicken and rice dish is not something you want to indulge, especially all at once!

6

Uno Pizzeria & Grill Breakfast All Day Burger

Courtesy of Uno Pizzeria & Grill

Nutrition: 2,010 calories, 147 g fat (44.5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 4,220 mg sodium, 74 g carbs (8 g fiber, 5 g sugar), 92 g protein

This isn’t your ordinary breakfast sandwich. A sandwich of this caliber is absurdly unhealthy clocking in at 147 grams fat, 4,220 milligrams sodium, and 92 grams protein. That’s right, it actually makes McDonald’s bacon, egg, and cheese sandwich at 550 calories and 25 grams fat look healthy.

5

Cheesecake Factory Fettuccini Alfredo with Chicken

Courtesy of The Cheesecake Factory

Nutrition: 2,290 calories, 154 g fat (86 g saturated fat, 4.5 g trans fat), 2,930 mg sodium, 142 g carbs (9 g fiber, 11 g sugar), 84 g protein

Um, excuse me Cheesecake Factory? Why does your plate of fettuccini Alfredo contain a whopping 83 grams of saturated fat? A stick of butter is only 58 grams!

4

Red Lobster Admiral’s Feast (With French Fries, Caesar Salad & Caesar Dressing)

Courtesy of Red Lobster

Nutrition: 2,530 calories, 167 g fat (22 g saturated fat, 1.5 g trans fat), 6,800 mg sodium, 183 g carbs (14 g fiber, 20 g sugar), 75 g protein

Is it just us or does this broccoli look extremely out of place on this plate of deep-fried shrimp, bay scallops, clam strips, and flounder? Opt for a grilled variety of seafood to blast belly fat—not add more of it!

3

Buffalo Wild Wings Boneless Large Thai Curry Wings

Nutrition: 2,790 calories, 172 g fat (56 g saturated fat, 7 g trans fat), 9,680 mg sodium, 195 g carbs (15 g fiber, 9 g sugar), 116 g protein

This dish doesn’t exactly embody the heartiness a bowl of Thai chicken curry. In fact, it couldn’t be more different in terms of health benefits. At a staggering 2,790 calories and 172 grams of fat, this is one of the fattiest dishes you can order from a restaurant chain in the United States.

2

Chili’s Ultimate Smokehouse Combo: Jalapeno-Cheddar Smoked Sausage, Ribs (Dry Rub), Crispers Honey Chipotle w/ Ranch

Courtesy of Chili's

Nutrition: 2,865 calories, 184 g fat (50 g saturated fat, 1 g trans fat), 7,820 mg sodium, 188 g carbs (15 g fiber, 53 g sugar), 114 g protein

That nutritional information also includes the side of chile-garlic toast, garlic dill pickles, homestyle fries, and roasted street corn—as if three different meats wasn’t enough. Meat lovers surely appreciate this heart-stopping platter for one. This heart attack on a tray costs you nearly three times your daily amount of sodium, not to mention double the amount of total fat.

1

Uno Pizzeria & Grill Whole Hog Burger & Fries

Courtesy of Uno

Nutrition: 3,510 calories, 252 g fat (82.5 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat), 8,690 mg sodium, 146 g carbs (13 g fiber, 18 g sugar), 157 g protein

There is over one entire pound of meat between this bun. At 3,510 calories, 252 grams of fat, and 8,690 milligrams of sodium this sandwich (that is made for one person) is undoubtedly the most unhealthy of its kind. This burger has as much sodium as just over 48 slices of cooked bacon. Anyone else need a detox after reading all this?

The post The Fattiest Restaurant Meals in America appeared first on Eat This Not That.

[josephkitchen0]

Egg Facts: 5 Reasons To Eat Eggs

Eggs add the perfect punch of protein to our diets. Raising hens for eggs means that you have easy access to one of the few high quality affordable sources of protein. Another reason to say nothing beats poultry farming in your backyard! An interesting egg fact is there are 12 essential vitamins, minerals and amino acids contained in an egg. So what exactly are these wonders contained in an egg?

(Don’t miss the delicious recipe at the end of this article!)

Briefly, the nutrients in an egg are Protein, Vitamin D, Choline, Vitamin B12, Folate, Vitamin A, Vitamin B6, Iron, Thiamin,Vitamin E, (Selenium and Zinc) and Phosphorus. While this list has many recognizable components on it, it does not tell us what the nutrients in eggs really do for our bodies. I grouped the research into five categories to help show how the nutritional components of eggs nourish our bodies and our minds.

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Egg Facts

Fetal Development –  While all the components in the egg are good for nutrition during pregnancy, Choline, Folate, and Zinc play significant roles in healthy fetal development. Folic Acid is found in prenatal vitamins. These three nutrients play an important role during the neural tube formation in early fetal development.

Bone Health – Eggs are high in Vitamin D. Vitamin D is needed for bone health because it plays a big part in calcium absorption.

For Muscles – Eggs are a significant source of protein, coming in at 6 grams of protein per egg. In addition, eggs are a complete protein, meaning they contain all nine of the amino acids. The high quality, affordable protein from eggs helps our bodies build muscles.

For Brain – Choline to the rescue again. Choline is a vitamin-like substance that is usually grouped with the B vitamins. Not only does it contribute important nutrients during fetal development, but it also keeps our brains healthy as adults. Choline plays a significant role in memory. So as we age, eating eggs can be a good thing!

For General Good Health – The disease fighting nutrient, Lutein, along with Zeaxanthin and other carotinoids, are important in eye health. These same nutrients are also essential in fighting disease.

As we raise our backyard chickens, it is important to know what to feed chickens so that they lay healthy eggs. Feeding a nutritionally sound formula provides all the essentials your hen needs to lay delicious, protein packed eggs for your family meals. An interesting fact about chickens is that feeding treats high in the carotinoids, Luteins, and antioxidants, gives the egg yolks that beautiful deep rich orange color. The eggs laid by your backyard hens are an amazing source of protein.

How can you take advantage of this wonderful protein source if you are a busy family on the go? I am sharing a family favorite that we use to start the day with protein and nutrition even when rushing out the door. I don’t know about you, but if I eat a good protein filled breakfast in the morning, I don’t get that mid morning crash that can occur with just eating toast.

Baked Egg Muffins To Go

Ingredients – (this list makes 12 egg muffins. I halved the recipe in the photos.)

6 eggs

1/2 cup of milk

1/4 tsp salt

1/8 tsp pepper

1 cup cheddar cheese

1 cup total of chopped vegetables, including your choice of tomatoes, zucchini, shredded carrots, chopped peppers, chopped onion.  If you are feeling adventurous, include a small amount of chopped ham or bacon.

Directions (preheat oven to 350 degrees F)

Beat the eggs in a bowl.  Add milk, salt and pepper.  Stir in the veggies and cheese.

Grease a 12 cup muffin pan

Carefully spoon the egg mixture into the individual muffin cups in the pan.  (approximately 1/4 cup each)

Bake 350 degrees F for 20 – 25 minutes until cooked in the center.

Let cool for 5 minutes, remove from the pan to serving plate.

Store extras wrapped individually in the freezer.  Remove from freezer and thaw in the refrigerator as needed.

(For a quick morning breakfast, remove one egg muffin from the freezer the night before, reheat in the oven or microwave.  Serve with toast, English muffin or eat as they are.)

There’s no argument, after seeing the research, that eggs should be a regular part of our diet. Enjoying eggs during our lifetime can contribute to healthy development of our babies, even while in the womb. And yes, Dad’s there is evidence that eating healthy eggs can help with your contribution to a healthy baby, too.

Watch for more great eggs facts from Countryside Network and Backyard Poultry.

Egg Facts: 5 Reasons To Eat Eggs was originally posted by All About Chickens

[thecoroutfitters]

Written by R. Ann Parris on The Prepper Journal.

Editors Note: Another article on chickens from R. Ann Parris to The Prepper Journal. If you have information for Preppers that you would like to share then enter into the Prepper Writing Contest with a chance to win one of three Amazon Gift Cards with the top prize being a $300 card to purchase your own prepping supplies!

The faithful chicken is a common choice for preppers and homesteaders. Once the bird bug bites, talk regularly turns to breeding and natural rearing, the dual frustrations that can be a broody bird, and the back-and-forth debate about whether we’ve “bred out broodiness”.

The genetics we choose – and allow – is important. Our husbandry practices, common wants from birds, and changing society has affected poultry’s traits, some of which would have immediately gotten birds a glass-jar coop even in pretty recent decades.

One of those now-inherited traits is clutch abandonment by the fake-broody bird. There’s also an age factor that affects our livestock’s brood-rearing reputations, none so much as chickens. In other cases, we set our birds up for failure with their brooder boxes and our keeper practices.

Understanding the genetic selection and dynamics at play will help increase our successes as we move into breeding our birds.

Standard reminder: I don’t actually like chickens (but do fully appreciate their well-earned place in backyard and big-spread production). I have no problem whatsoever buying that particular species butcher-paper blankets for trips to Polar Camp. However, they are living creatures that deserve respectful treatment in life and death. Know what you’re getting into with multiple-source research, start small-scale to avoid overpopulations problems if you can’t actual kill and butcher something you raised, and be prepared to put ill and injured animals out of their misery rather than prolonging their suffering for hours, days, and weeks.

Broodiness

A broody hen is one that’s ready to sit a nest. Some hens want nothing else from an early age, but mostly it’s mature hens and typically the desire peaks and ebbs by breed, season and individual.

Breeding-In Traits

We’ve repeatedly selected even dual-purpose homestead and long-storied heritage breeds for a focus on laying, not necessarily raising young. It makes sense if you think about it, backyards to big operations, now and all the way back in history.

“A chicken in every pot” was a promise of prosperity, not sustenance. We eat way, way more chicken meat in the last 5-6 decades than ever before. Worldwide, it’s always been eggs that make our chickens such effective, efficient livestock.

For most of modern history, keepers big and small have only needed a small fraction of hens to raise chicks for some meat-grow-outs and adding young-blood laying rates to the flock.

We don’t want all of them to stubbornly insist on raising a family.

While that hen raises her clutch, we’re losing her productivity for a month – up to a quarter or third of the year if she’s inclined to keep nannying for 12+ weeks. Hens also regularly lose some condition while they’re sitting and-or throughout the span they’re raising a clutch. Recovery time adds to lost egg production.

Mail-order chicks and affordable incubators and brooders means we don’t even need a hen to raise new birds now. That makes a broody-prone hen even less desirable for many.

Skewing the Bell Curve

Most hens don’t successfully go broody until they’re 3+ years old. The best mothers tend to be secure, upper-echelon birds hitting 4-6 years old.

However, due to laying drop-offs of 10-15% per year, many keepers *ahem* transition their laying hens after the second or third production year. So the average age of most birds out there is pretty young. That skews some of the general expectations, like broodiness.

Even allowing for altered averages, there’s still a hefty percentage of hens that betray just how much we’ve affected broodiness in our chickens.

Fakers & Schitzo Sitters – 20-50%

If you have 10-20 hens 3+ years old, at some point 2-5 if not 8-12 of them are probably going to cost you either eggs or aggravation with fake-outs or schitzo-sitting.

That’s a pretty huge failure rate. We wouldn’t accept it for ammo, canning-jar lids, batteries, milking teats/animals, emails, garden plants, or tires. Our great-greats and grandparents wouldn’t have accepted it from hens. But we just shrug it off now, far too commonly.

So what are they, exactly?

Faking is when a hen starts accruing her eggs and then breaks off, abandoning the partial clutch. It’s also when, after she’s counted and is pleased with her number, after she starts to actively sit without further laying, she abandons the clutch partway through incubation.

She’s signaled that she’s broody, but she’s not really.

(Days Five and Twelve are way better than the Steel-Tent-bound hen that gets to Day Seventeen-Eighteen before changing her mind about motherhood.)

Maybe she just isn’t actually ready (first 1-2 times, a young hen 9-months to 2-3 years old) and will come around in time. Maybe she had good cause. Mostly, though, she’s faking, and we’re losing days/weeks of her production and possibly that clutch because of it.

*Older birds aren’t making an egg every 24-36 hours like when they were young. Aging hens also take “weekends/holidays” (temporary breaks in laying), longer and more frequently as they go. That’s not faking or schitzo. That’s just bodily function slowing, just like us. Make sure she’s not being wrongfully accused, but also crunch her feed-waste-destruction versus her value – including potential broodiness.

Especially for smaller flocks, fakers need to be discounted when they show the broody cues. If she’s young, sure, give it 1-2 years and let her try again if you like, but if it’s a 4-6 y/o, persistent, and insistent … the Big Steel Tent isn’t unreasonable.

Then there’s the hen that seems to be sitting her clutch with dedication, but somewhere in there, she’s heading off for normal daily activities, nest ignored for hours or even days at a time.

*Sitting hens need food and water readily available; they usually can’t forage enough and maintain the clutch.

If she’s pushing stubborn broody behavior for 5-14 days, takes her vacay, then pulls the broody card again, and again, or defends her box but leaves it for hours or the day, Schitzo Sitter needs a glass-jar coop.

Fakers and schitzo’s regularly aren’t worth it in normal “today” soft times.

Unless you’re mid-crisis, down to just a few hens, and need every egg and chance to make more birds that you can get (weighed against providing litter and feed/forage for repeat freeloaders), fakers and schitzos are even less worth the aggravations *later*.

We for-sure don’t want to keep their eggs for the next generation, further perpetuating that failure rate.

Due Diligence

There’s some chance a hen had a good reason to abandon her partial or full clutch. Once she’s sitting in a box 24/7, a canny hen might have started seeing something (activity, a previously unnoticed drip, drafts) that she didn’t while she was popping in and out, and is cutting her losses early. Usually, it’s one of four things if she’s not a faker.

1 – Too much human interest and handling. We have to get in there some, but we do not need to get in there even daily once she’s sitting.

*Even if she’s going to be a surrogate, don’t bug her daily. Match her laying cycle when adding eggs. We can maintain interaction by delivering goodies (while the layers are elsewhere or distracted – chickens are smart and vicious).

2- Insufficient laying boxes or a popular/preferred laying box, with other hens forcing in to lay.

*It’s the very rare hen that can manage a full incubation cycle on an active community laying box; she’ll almost 100% need a nursery/brooding pen for the chicks if she does.

3 – Even with sufficient boxes, a more-dominant broody-prone bird may be harassing her, trying to take the clutch for herself.

4 – By the time you have 10-20 hens, chances are good that one of them is a broomstick-riding … uhm, Character. The Character doesn’t even want the clutch or box. She’s just being a Character.

In my world, it’s the problem bird that visits lovely Camp Kettle.

If a bird is abandoning partial or full clutches, she’s usually a faker. However, relocating and immediately resuming laying with broody cues intact is also a warning sign about box activity/placements, wanna-mothers, or Characters, so we have to do some watching.

Breed Expectations

We haven’t completely bred broodiness out of chickens, but we have selected for less of it, especially from high-production breeds.

From backyards to big operations, we also aren’t removing some of the birds/traits from the genepool. Allowing behaviors that wouldn’t have been tolerated in a Renaissance through 1950s farmhouse also changes the capability of our birds, with dedicated, reliable broodiness high on the list of affected traits.

Average age may skew a breed’s broodiness rating, but use general breed reviews to set your expectations. It’ll get you pretty close.

If you want hens laying and sitting lots of nests to raise out for meat, “high/yes, very broody prone” works.

If you’re mostly after the eggs and maybe a replacement clutch or two every so often, “high” is likely to be a problem.

“High” usually means one way or another, you’ll fight broodiness often. Especially if descriptions mention “persistence”, possibly often enough to impact the eggs-per-week or eggs-per-year numbers listed somewhere nearby that rating (stressors reduce laying).

“High” also tends to mean you’re going to be dealing with cranky hens less willing to quietly let you take their eggs, more likely to find places other than the box to lay, and more likely to get huffy with each other.

“Low/not prone” is not always the answer, though. It’s really not the answer if you’re only going to have one breed and <3-5 keeper hens per person/dog.

“Low” means you’re going to have fewer birds willing and able, they’ll be willing less often, and you’ll usually be further into the old, slow-laying ages before hens truly go broody.

Mostly, if you’re mostly looking for eggs but you do want hens to periodically raise a clutch or serve as a surrogate, aim for the middle-road “occasional”-average listings.

Many sources only give a yes-no broodiness rating, so read the reviews and consider contacting the suppliers to ask for recommendations.

There are a ton of aspects that go into breeding and flocks, some of which you can find here http://www.theprepperjournal.com/2016/11/22/dont-know-can-hurt-us-livestock-edition/.

Make sure reliable broodiness is one of the factors that gets weighed when picking breeds, as well as deciding which hens to keep or kettle.

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The post Truth-Checking Chickens – Broody Hens v. Sandbaggers appeared first on The Prepper Journal.

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