nehaljain

[nehaljain]

Week 4 - Creating graphs for the data/research question

Program -

The Univariate graph of DRUG USE STATUS with summary -

The graph is unimodal , with highest peak for category 3 i.e. Lifetime non drug user . The graph seems to be skewed towards left .

The Univariate graph of TIME FRAME FOR ANY DRUG USE with summary -

The graph is unimodal , with highest peak for category 11 i.e. Lifetime non drug user .  The graph seems to be skewed towards left .

The Univariate graph of EVER USED MEDICINE/DRUG ON YOUR OWN TO AVOID PANIC ATTACKS with summary -

The graph is unimodal , with highest peak for category 2 i.e. No . The graph seems to be skewed towards left . 

The Bivariate graph of EVER USED MEDICINE/DRUG ON YOUR OWN TO AVOID PANIC ATTACKS and DRUG USE STATUS with summary -

The graph above plots EVER USED MEDICINE/DRUG ON YOUR OWN TO AVOID PANIC ATTACKS to  DRUG USE STATUS . We can see that the bar graph shows a clear relationship/trend between the two variables.

[nehaljain]

Week 3 - Making Data Management Decisions using SAS

Step 1) - Program 

Step 2) - Output

Step 3) - Summary 

I have used coding out missing data, coding in valid data and recoding variables data management decisions . 

The first table shows the drug use status of a random sample of 43903 people and majority of the people has selected 3rd category i.e. lifetime non-drug user .

In the second table I  have used the coding out missing data management decision , coding in valid data and recoding variables data management decisions . As there was an option of unknown in the second table so I coded it out . Then I coded in and recoded the variable CKSTATUS so that the frequency table could show only those data that have an answer other than unknown and if the answer is unknown then the question “Ever used medicine/drug on your own to avoid panic attacks ?” will not be asked to those people because their data is unknown and there is no point in asking them the next question .

In the third table I have used the coding out missing data management decision. I have coded out the people who gave the answer unknown when they were asked “Ever used medicine/drug on your own to avoid panic attacks ? “ . We can see the missing frequency for the 3rd table , about 38766 people gave this answer . Majority of the people has selected category 2nd i.e. ‘NO’ .

[nehaljain]

Week 2 - Running My First SAS Program

Step - 1)  Program

Step - 2) Output 

Step - 3) Summary 

A random sample of 43,093 people were asked the following questions -

a) What is their drug use status ? 

From the first table we can see that 5.71% people are current users , 15.50% people are ex - users and 78.79% people are Lifetime non drug users . Majority of the people fall in the category of ex - users .

b) What is their time frame for any drug use ?

From the second table we can see that 78.79% people are lifetime non drug users , 0.46% people used drugs for last 12 months only , 15.45% people used drugs prior to last 12 months only , 5.23% people used drugs for both the above mentioned time periods and 0.08% people have unknown time frame . Majority of the people fall in the lifetime non drug users category .

c) Have they ever used medicine/drug on their own to avoid panic attacks ?

From the third table we can see that 89.94% people answered that worst time did not met symptom criteria , 0.22% people said yes , 9.82 % people said no and 0.02% people status is unknown . Majority of the people fall in the worst time did not met symptom criteria .

[nehaljain]

Week 1 - Unraveling the Connection: How Does Drug Use Influence Panic Attacks?(Research Question)

Chosen Dataset -

After looking at all the codebooks provided in the course I have chosen the codebook for the NESARC study . I have decided that I am particularly going to focus on Drug Use and will include all the possible variables in my personal codebook .

Second Topic in association with the first topic and the Variables -

We all know that usage of drugs are increasing day by day and this can lead to many problems like panic attacks etc.  Panic attacks are sudden, unreasonable feelings of fear and anxiety that cause physical symptoms like a racing heart, fast breathing and sweating. Some people become so fearful of these attacks that they develop panic disorder, a type of anxiety disorder. The second topic that I’ve chosen in association with the first topic is Panic Attacks .

Variables that I am going to use for the Drug Use are  :

1. Status 2. Time frame for any drug use 

Variables for the Panic Attacks are :

1. Age at the time of first episode 2. Number of episodes 3. Dependence on medicine/drug to avoid panic attack

My Research Question  -

My research question is “ How is Drug Use related with Panic Attacks ? “  

Hypothesis -

We have observed a lot of increase in drug use by the people which can lead to many problems . I want to find out how is drug use related with panic attack and what are the different causes of panic attacks .

Literature Review -

People use drugs for many reasons: they want to feel good, stop feeling bad, or perform better in school or at work, or they are curious because others are doing it and they want to fit in. The last reason is very common among teens. Drugs excite the parts of the brain that make you feel good. But after you take a drug for a while, the feel-good parts of your brain get used to it. Drug use can start as a way to escape—but it can quickly make your life worse. Besides just not feeling well, different drugs can affect your brain and body in many different ways. 

UNTIL recently panic disorder was viewed almost exclusively in psychological terms. It was believed that the patient was overreacting to a life stress or an "unconscious" conflict. A growing body of evidence now suggests that we revise this view in favor of a medical-illness model. This model suggests that in contrast to stress-related situational anxiety, panic disorder is associated with a biochemical abnormality in the nervous system, to which there is a genetic vulnerability. This new view has important implications for treatment and research.Natural HistoryPanic disorder usually starts with paroxysmal attacks of anxiety that strike suddenly, without warning .

A study was done to determine the strength of association between substance abuse and panic states, including subsyndromal panic, its temporal relationship, and self-medication for panic using abusable substances. A community-based sample was screened for panic using DSM-III-R criteria. Panic and matched control groups participated in a structured interview concerning the presence of substance abuse, use of substances to treat panic symptoms, and the age-of-onset of panic and substance abuse. Of 97 individuals with panic, 39% had abused at least one substance. None of the panic disorder-subsyndromal panic differences reached significance. Only 10% of subjects reported using alcohol and 6% reported ever using illicit drugs to treat their panic. The majority (63%) of those abusing alcohol reported that alcohol use began prior to onset of panic, and the majority (59%) of those abusing illicit drugs reported that drug use began first. This study documents the panic-substance abuse relationship even in those with subsyndromal panic. Substance abuse began prior to onset of panic and substances were used to self-medicate for panic attacks by only a few subjects.

References -

https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/criminal-justice/science-drug-use-resource-justice-sector

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM198207153070304

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00078-1

 Summary and Findings -

My research question is “ How Does Drug Use Influence Panic Attacks?" and I am going to find out all the variables for my question .