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How can obesity affect a pregnancy?

Obesity increases the risk of the following problems during pregnancy:

Birth defects—Babies born to women who are obese have an increased risk of having birth defects, such as heart defects and neural tube defects (NTDs)

Problems with diagnostic tests—Having too much body fat can make it difficult to see certain problems with the fetus’s anatomy on an ultrasound exam. Checking the fetus’s heart rate during labor also may be more difficult if you are obese.

Macrosomia—In this condition, the fetus is larger than normal. This can increase the risk of injury during birth. For example, the fetus’s shoulder can get stuck after the head is delivered. Macrosomia also increases the risk of cesarean birth. Infants born with too much body fat have a greater chance of being obese later in life.

Preterm birth—Problems associated with a woman’s obesity, such as preeclampsia, may lead to a medically indicated preterm birth. This means that the baby is delivered early for a medical reason. Preterm babies are not as fully developed as babies who are born after 39 weeks of pregnancy. As a result, preterm babies have an increased risk of short-term and long-term health problems.

Stillbirth—The higher the woman’s BMI, the greater the risk of stillbirth.

How much should I exercise during pregnancy?

If you have never exercised before, pregnancy is a great time to start. Discuss your exercise plan with your ob-gyn to make sure it is safe. Begin with as little as 5 minutes of exercise a day and add 5 minutes each week. Your goal is to stay active for 30 minutes on most—preferably all—days of the week.

Walking is a good choice if you are new to exercise. Swimming is another good exercise for pregnant women. The water supports your weight so you can avoid injury and muscle strain. It also helps you stay cool. Read Exercise During Pregnancy for more advice.

How do I plan healthy meals during pregnancy?

Finding a balance between eating healthy foods and staying at a healthy weight is important for your health and your fetus's health. In the second and third trimesters, a pregnant woman needs an average of 300 extra calories a day—about the number of calories in a glass of skim milk and half of a sandwich. You can get help with planning a healthy diet by talking to a nutrition counselor. Help also can be found at the MyPlate website.

How will my weight be monitored during pregnancy?

Your weight should be tracked at each prenatal visit. The growth of your fetus also will be checked. If you are gaining less than the recommended guidelines, and if your fetus is growing well, you do not have to increase your weight gain to catch up to the guidelines. If your fetus is not growing well, changes may need to be made to your diet and exercise plan.

How does obesity affect labor and delivery?

Women who are overweight and obese have longer labors than women of normal weight. It can be harder to monitor the fetus during labor. For these reasons, obesity during pregnancy increases the likelihood of having a cesarean birth. If a cesarean birth is needed, the risks of infection, bleeding, and other complications are greater for a woman who is obese than for a woman of normal weight.

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dido55034 · 2 years ago

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Weight Loss: 5 Best Ways To Tackle Obesity Naturally

Weight loss: Are you struggling to get rid of obesity? Fret not as we got the best 5 home remedies that can help you lose weight and get rid of obesity naturally. You must know these!

Weight loss tips: Following are the 5 best ways to get rid of obesity naturally

1. Dietary changes Now, this does not mean you need to crash dieting for weight loss. You need to cut down your calorie intake, slowly and gradually. Junk, deep-fried, processed and packaged foods should be completely off the table. Consume a diet rich in proteins and fiber as it will help you feel full quickly and keep you feeling full for longer. Watch your portion size and consume fewer carbs. Stick to simple carbs. Avoid going on low-carb or crash diets. They may help you with quick weight loss but they can lead to nutritional deficiencies as they restrict the intake of entire food groups at times. Consulting a dietician would work best for you if you want to curb obesity.

2. Be physically active Try to be physically active. Walk briskly, and take the steps instead of the elevator wherever possible. Engage yourself in chores like gardening, dog walking, and other household chores. An obese person is less likely to be physically active. Before they begin exercising, starting with these activities can definitely help you to move. People who are not used to exercising may experience mobility problems. Professional help on how to begin with exercising can be helpful in this case. Do not begin with strenuous activity as it may cause injury or pose a health risk.

3. Hormonal balance Hormonal imbalance can lead to obesity, and make weight loss more difficult than usual. The moment you are diagnosed with obesity, make sure you check your hormones. Hormonal imbalance can cause hypothyroidism, PCOD, and type 2 diabetes. A healthy lifestyle with less stress, no smoking, and limited alcohol consumption. Try to balance your hormones and you will eventually begin to lose weight and get rid of obesity.

4. Avoid sugar Sugar-sweetened beverages and desserts or any other food item with added sugar should be avoided. Consumption of sugar can lead to an increase in belly fat and cause obesity. People with obesity should try to have healthier sugar alternatives like honey, jaggery, coconut sugar, and dates.

5. Get enough sleep and take less stress Being chronically stressed can have harmful effects on the body. Not only can it lead to obesity, it can also make you binge eat or delve into comfort food. This only worsens the condition. Also, you need to sleep well in order to prevent obesity and get rid of it. Lack of sleep can make you feel tired and also make you overeat. If you want to get rid of obesity the natural way, make sure you sleep well and take as less stress as possible. Exercising, listening to music, and doing things that make you feel light can help you feel less stressed. Also, try and change your attitude towards a stressful situation. Not all problems that come your way need to be reacted to.

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The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Obesity

For those who are overweight, the term “obese” can be a scary word. Despite that fear, understanding obesity and its medical implications are vital to recovery. Excess weight limits our health, our longevity and our quality of life. For many, coming to clear terms with obesity has proven to be the crucial factor in empowering them to change their life’s path.

Defining Obesity The medical community looks to an objective mathematical equation to assess health – a patient’s body mass index, or BMI. That figure embodies the relationship between height and weight—and often health:

When BMIs become higher than 25, they cross into the overweight zone. This is an area that increases the negative impact of weight on a person’s health. When BMIs reach or breach 30, they enter the obese zone, an area prone to chronic medical conditions and diseases that become difficult to control. To confirm your BMI, you can check a chart or calculate it by dividing your weight in pounds by your height in inches squared and multiplying that figure by 703.

Immediate Effects of Obesity When a body consumes more calories than it can use, it begins converting those calories into fat. Each fat cell weighs very little – less than 1 microgram. Together, however, masses of them can burden your limbs and surround internal organs, making every action and process more difficult to complete. In the short term, excess weight often results in:

Shortness of breath during easy or routine activities High cholesterol High blood pressure Prediabetes—blood glucose levels are elevated but not yet to diabetic levels Joint pain and inflammation, especially in the knees Aches, headaches, vague pains, and physical discomfort Indigestion and digestive problems Infertility and complications during pregnancy like gestational diabetes and blood clots Restricted mobility Fatigue Psychological distress Physical incompatibility with surroundings Excess weight affects every aspect of life. Your body is constantly struggling to function even while you try to keep up with family, friends, and coworkers. You end up feeling tired and achy because every one of your body’s systems is being overworked.

The Mobility Factor Perhaps the most devastating effect of obesity is the loss of mobility. If you can’t move, you burn fewer calories. Your metabolism slows, resulting in increased weight gain. Meanwhile, each pound you carry exerts a force on your bones.

With obesity, excess weight exerts a force on more than your knees. Every part of the skeletal system bears more weight than it was intended to handle. Meanwhile, you become increasingly isolated as your mobility restricts the activities you can participate in.

Long-Term Effects of Obesity Over time, short-term effects become chronic conditions and diseases. Lack of mobility only adds to the severity of problems like:

Hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and heart disease Diabetes mellitus Venous stasis disease and venous ulcers Stroke Osteoarthritis Pulmonary conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Sleep disorders like sleep apnea Digestive disorders like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Gall bladder disorders Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Incontinence Cancer, particularly of the colon, kidneys, gall bladder, breast, and uterus Depression Social isolation and discrimination 10 to 15-year decrease in lifespan When Diet and Exercise Aren’t Enough Sometimes, diet and exercise just aren’t enough – especially once medical issues decrease your mobility. When BMI is excessive, and your health hangs in the balance, surgical weight loss procedures may be able to help. These are approved medical procedures that have demonstrated repeated success in helping men and women lose weight and resolve serious, chronic health issues.

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Obesity Prevention Strategies

Turning Around the Epidemic

The fact that the obesity epidemic didn’t flash over countries like a wildfire-rather it smoldered and then slowly grew year after year-has made it even more difficult to combat since its causes have become so intertwined into the social, environmental, and governmental fabric.

Yet efforts to combat obesity-primarily through prevention-are beginning to gain traction, if by a step at a time. To realize real strides, though, positive change must come to all parts of society:

from governments and schools, businesses and non-profit organizations, neighborhoods, and communities, and individuals and families. We need to change policies and create an environment where the default option is the healthy choice.

Evidence shows that obesity prevention policy and environmental change efforts should focus on facilitating a handful of key behaviors: This section of the website summarizes promising strategies for obesity prevention, based on a review of expert guidance from major governmental, professional, and public health advocacy organizations. Inside, you will find high-level recommendations for changes in key settings-families, early childcare, schools, worksites, and healthcare organizations-and for broad, community-wide changes in the food and activity environments that can help make healthy choices easier choices, for all. Each page also includes links to toolkits, guidelines, and other useful resources for putting these obesity prevention strategies into practice. Over time, we will add new obesity prevention strategies, recommendations, and resources as more evidence emerges. Keep in mind that these obesity prevention recommendations are based primarily on a review of U.S. expert guidance, unless otherwise indicated; in other countries, different policy approaches may be needed to achieve improvements in food and physical activity environments. Choosing healthier foods (whole grains, fruits and vegetables, healthy fats and protein sources) and beverages

1/Limiting unhealthy foods (refined grains and sweets, potatoes, red meat, processed meat) and beverages (sugary drinks)

2/Increasing physical activity

3/Limiting television time, screen time, and other “sit time”

4/Improving sleep

5/Reducing stress

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causes of obesity

Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little.

If you consume high amounts of energy, particularly fat and sugars, but do not burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much of the surplus energy will be stored by the body as fat.

Calories The energy value of food is measured in units called calories. The average physically active man needs about 2,500 calories a day to maintain a healthy weight, and the average physically active woman needs about 2,000 calories a day.

This amount of calories may sound high, but it can be easy to reach if you eat certain types of food. For example, eating a large takeaway hamburger, fries and a milkshake can total 1,500 calories – and that's just 1 meal. For more information, read our guide to understanding calories.

Another problem is that many people are not physically active, so lots of the calories they consume end up being stored in their bodies as fat.

Poor diet Obesity does not happen overnight. It develops gradually over time, as a result of poor diet and lifestyle choices, such as:

eating large amounts of processed or fast food – that's high in fat and sugar drinking too much alcohol – alcohol contains a lot of calories, and people who drink heavily are often overweight eating out a lot – you may be tempted to also have a starter or dessert in a restaurant, and the food can be higher in fat and sugar eating larger portions than you need – you may be encouraged to eat too much if your friends or relatives are also eating large portions drinking too many sugary drinks – including soft drinks and fruit juice comfort eating – if you have low self-esteem or feel depressed, you may eat to make yourself feel better Unhealthy eating habits tend to run in families. You may learn bad eating habits from your parents when you're young and continue them into adulthood.

Read about eating less saturated fat and how sugar in our diet affects our health.

Lack of physical activity Lack of physical activity is another important factor related to obesity. Many people have jobs that involve sitting at a desk for most of the day. They also rely on their cars, rather than walking or cycling.

For relaxation, many people tend to watch TV, browse the internet or play computer games, and rarely take regular exercise.

If you're not active enough, you do not use the energy provided by the food you eat, and the extra energy you consume is stored by the body as fat.

The Department of Health and Social Care recommends that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as cycling or fast walking, every week. This does not need to be done all in a single session, but can be broken down into smaller periods. For example, you could exercise for 30 minutes a day for 5 days a week.

If you're obese and trying to lose weight, you may need to do more exercise than this. It may help to start off slowly and gradually increase the amount of exercise you do each week.

Read more about the physical activity guidelines for adults.

Genetics Some people claim there's no point trying to lose weight because "it runs in my family" or "it's in my genes".

While there are some rare genetic conditions that can cause obesity, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, there's no reason why most people cannot lose weight.

It may be true that certain genetic traits inherited from your parents – such as having a large appetite – may make losing weight more difficult, but it certainly does not make it impossible.

In many cases, obesity is more to do with environmental factors, such as poor eating habits learned during childhood.

Medical reasons In some cases, underlying medical conditions may contribute to weight gain. These include:

an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) – where your thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones Cushing's syndrome – a rare disorder that causes the over-production of steroid hormones However, if conditions such as these are properly diagnosed and treated, they should pose less of a barrier to weight loss.

Certain medicines, including some corticosteroids, medications for epilepsy and diabetes, and some medications used to treat mental illness – including antidepressants and medicines for schizophrenia – can contribute to weight gain.

Weight gain can sometimes be a side effect of stopping smoking.

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Health Risks Linked to Obesity

Obesity is a term that means you have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. It makes you more likely to have conditions including:

Heart disease and stroke High blood pressure Diabetes Some cancers Gallbladder disease and gallstones Osteoarthritis Gout Breathing problems, such as sleep apnea (when a person stops breathing for short episodes during sleep) and asthma Not everyone who is obese has these problems. The risk rises if you have a family history of one of those conditions.

Also, where your weight is may matter. If it's mostly around your stomach (the "apple" shape), that may be riskier than if you have a "pear" shape, meaning that your extra weight is mostly around your hips and buttocks.

Here's a closer look at seven conditions that are linked to being obese or overweight.

Heart Disease and Stroke Extra weight makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Both of those conditions make heart disease or stroke more likely.

The good news is that losing a small amount of weight can reduce your chances of developing heart disease or a stroke. Losing even more weight has been shown to lower the risk even more.

Type 2 Diabetes Most people who have type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese. You can cut your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by losing weight, eating a balanced diet, getting adequate sleep, and exercising more.

If you have type 2 diabetes, losing weight and becoming more physically active can help control your blood sugar levels. Becoming more active may also reduce your need for diabetes medication.

Cancer Cancers of the colon, breast (after menopause), endometrium (the lining of the uterus), kidney, and esophagus are linked to obesity. Some studies have also reported links between obesity and cancers of the gallbladder, ovaries, and pancreas.

Gallbladder Disease Gallbladder disease and gallstones are more common if you are overweight.

Ironically, weight loss itself, particularly rapid weight loss or loss of a large amount of weight, can make you more likely to get gallstones. Losing weight at a rate of about 1 pound a week is less likely to cause gallstones.

Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is a common joint condition that most often affects the knee, hip, or back. Carrying extra pounds places extra pressure on these joints and wears away the cartilage (tissue cushioning the joints) that normally protects them.

Weight loss can ease the stress on the knees, hips, and lower back and may improve the symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Gout Gout is a disease that affects the joints. It happens when you have too much uric acid in your blood. The extra uric acid can form crystals that deposit in the joints.

Gout is more common in overweight people. The more you weigh, the more likely you are to get gout.

Over the short term, sudden weight changes may lead to a flare-up of gout. If you have a history of gout, check with your doctor for the best way to lose weight.

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Danger Of Overview

Overview

Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It's a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

There are many reasons why some people have difficulty losing weight. Usually, obesity results from inherited, physiological and environmental factors, combined with diet, physical activity, and exercise choices.

The good news is that even modest weight loss can improve or prevent the health problems associated with obesity. A healthier diet increased physical activity, and behavior changes can help you lose weight. Prescription medications and weight-loss procedures are additional options for treating obesity.

When to see a doctor

If you're concerned about your weight or weight-related health problems, ask your doctor about obesity management. You and your doctor can evaluate your health risks and discuss your weight-loss options.

Causes

Although there are genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity occurs when you take in more calories than you burn through normal daily activities and exercise. Your body stores these excess calories as fat.

In the United States, most people's diets are too high in calories — often from fast food and high-calorie beverages. People with obesity might eat more calories before feeling full, feel hungry sooner, or eat more due to stress or anxiety.

Many people who live in Western countries now have jobs that are much less physically demanding, so they don't tend to burn as many calories at work. Even daily activities use fewer calories, courtesy of conveniences such as remote controls, escalators, online shopping, and drive-through banks.

Complications

People with obesity are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including:

Heart disease and strokes. Obesity makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for heart disease and strokes.

Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can affect the way the body uses insulin to control blood sugar levels. This raises the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Certain cancers. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and prostate.

Digestive problems. Obesity increases the likelihood of developing heartburn, gallbladder disease, and liver problems.

Sleep apnea. People with obesity are more likely to have sleep apnea, a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Osteoarthritis. Obesity increases the stress placed on weight-bearing joints, in addition to promoting inflammation within the body. These factors may lead to complications such as osteoarthritis.

Severe COVID-19 symptoms. Obesity increases the risk of developing severe symptoms if you become infected with the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People who have severe cases of COVID-19 may require treatment in intensive care units or even mechanical assistance to breathe.

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What are obesity and overweightOverweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2).Facts about overweight and obesitySome recent WHO global estimates follow.In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight. Of these over 650 million adults were obese.In 2016, 39% of adults aged 18 years and over (39% of men and 40% of women) were overweight.Overall, about 13% of the world’s adult population (11% of men and 15% of women) were obese in 2016.The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016.In 2019, an estimated 38.2 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. In Africa, the number of overweight children under 5 has increased by nearly 24% percent since 2000. Almost half of the children under 5 who were overweight or obese in 2019 lived in Asia.Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016.The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 5-19 has risen dramatically from just 4% in 1975 to just over 18% in 2016. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight.While just under 1% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1975, more 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016.While just under 1% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1975, more than 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016. except for parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.One of the best solutions available now: https://amzn.to/3QHFW3J

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