crimsonpublishers-pediatrics

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Brief Review on the Etiologies of the Intraspinal Cysts Including Intradural and Extradural Ones in the Pediatric Patients Groups_ Crimson Publishers

Brief Review on the Etiologies of the Intraspinal Cysts Including Intradural and Extradural Ones in the Pediatric Patients Groups by Behzad Saberi In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

Intraspinal cysts in pediatric patients groups include spinal intradural and spinal extradural cysts. This is a brief review on the etiologies of these cysts. This classification helps the clinicians to determine these cystic lesions with more precision in clinical settings leading to make appropriate treatment decisions.

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Human Para-echovirus in Newborn: From the Case Report to the Review of the Disease_ Crimson Publishers

Human Para-echovirus in Newborn: From the Case Report to the Review of the Disease by Sergio Manieri In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

Human Par-echovirus (HPeV) is a potentially severe viral infection in neonates and young infants. This virus often causes gastrointestinal or respiratory illness in young children and, infrequently, causes disease in older children and adults. In infants can present with a sepsis-like picture, often with Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement, which is difficult to differentiate clinically from bacterial sepsis. We describe a case of parechovirus infection in an 8-day-old female newborn with a very severe clinical picture and serious CNS involvement. Starting from this case report we provide an overview of HPeV infections which, in our opinion, are currently underdiagnosed while should be considered more carefully.

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Pediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Patient Experiences, Length of Stay and Cost- Effectiveness, One-Year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia_ Crimson Publishers

Pediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Patient Experiences, Length of Stay and Cost- Effectiveness, One-Year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Lubna Abdulrahman Elshaib In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

Background: The outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness. It is considered as an alternative to hospital treatment. However, these services have not yet become an integral part of the health care system in Saudi Arabia. The present study is intended to assess healthcare employee experience, safety, cost effectiveness, patient satisfaction in OPAT service in pediatric patients at tertiary care hospital, Riyadh.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 19 patients aged between ≥3 months to <14 years, stable and ready for discharge but kept only for completion of IV antibiotics were recruited between the period of Nov. 2018 to Oct. 2019. Data on demographic characteristics, antibiotics used, improvement rate, patient satisfaction and cost effectiveness were collected.

Results: Clinical outcomes and patient’s experience in pediatric OPAT service reported 95% health improvement rate with 100% patients and parents’ satisfaction. Ceftriaxone is the most commonly (70%) prescribed antibiotic followed by Tazocin. The psychological status, family convenient and medical care were reported better in OPAT as compared to in hospital stay. We have saved 61% bed days through the establishment of OPAT service. In addition, OPAT service-related complication, readmission, and failure rate were minimal in our study. The cost of all the patients participating in OPAT care is 46,125 SAR as compared to the in hospital estimated cost of SAR 707,400. Thus, we saved 93.48% of the overall estimated inpatient stay cost.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that OPAT is reliable and cost-effective service. It can reduce the direct costs of non-life-threatening infections compared to completing the course as an in-patient case. We have saved 93.48% of the overall estimated hospital expense through establishing OPAT service.

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Pediatric Conditions During COVID-19: A Brief Summary_ Crimson Publishers

Pediatric Conditions During COVID-19: A Brief Summary by Tiffany Field In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

COVID-19 pediatric conditions have been similar to those for adults, including medical, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions, although they have typically been less prevalent and severe in children and adolescents. The lesser severity in children and adolescents may relate to their less mature viral receptors, less dysregulation of immune responses, and a lesser incidence of pre-existing comorbid conditions. This brief review is a summary of publications found on PubMed for 2019-2021 on the prevalence of infection, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions in children during COVID-19. This is a fast changing literature because of the increasing number of variants and prevalence of infection.

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Management of Impetigo in Children: A Review Article_ Crimson Publishers

Management of Impetigo in Children: A Review Article by Gofur NRP In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

Introduction: Impetigo is a pyoderma, which is a skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus in the epidermis below the stratum corneum or in the hair follicles. Impetigo is an infectious skin disease most commonly found in children aged two to five years, but can also occur at any age. This disease can heal completely without scarring even without treatment. The cause of impetigo is a gram-positive bacterial infection, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, but it can also be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes either as a single infection or in combination with S. aureus. It is most occur in children aged 2-5 years and incidence is during summer and fall. Bullous impetigo is more common in infants. Children younger than two had 90% of cases of impetigo. Apart from direct contact with an infected child, sharing tools or items that can transmit the infection can also spread impetigo. The incidence of impetigo increases in areas that are densely populated and with poor hygiene. Other risk factors include trauma to the skin, a hot and humid climate, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, and several other medical conditions.

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Fear of the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of life in a Sample of Teenage Egyptian Female Students_ Crimson Publishers

Fear of the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of life in a Sample of Teenage Egyptian Female Students by Shewikar Farrag In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract Go to Objective: The study aimed to (1) determine the levels of quality of life and fear of the second wave of the Corona pandemic among a sample of adolescent students in the Egyptian society and (2) to study the extent of the pandemic fear contribution to predicting the two dimensions of quality of life (social and personal).

Methodology: Researchers used more than one instrument in order to assess participants’ fear and to explore its effect on their quality of life across various dimensions. Research Tool (I) An electronic survey was utilized with 435 female students, with an average age of 19.50, with a standard deviation of 1.46 years, while they utilized Research Tool II ‘’Amer’s quality of life scale” Amer AE [1] to assess participants’ quality of life (α=0.908), plus assessing the Fear of Corona Pandemic through the use of Research Tool III Amer Fear scale(2020c), which included 12 items (α=0.8971). data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression through the SPSS statistical package (V 26).

Results: Study results demonstrated low levels of quality of life, and moderate degree of fear of Corona pandemic as 73.10% of participants suffered from various degrees of fear symptoms ranged from medium to severe, plus a very weak positive correlation r= 0.107, p <0.05 between fear of The pandemic and the quality of social life, while showed a zero relationship between the quality of personal life and fear of the second wave of the pandemic contributed to explaining that 0.9% of the variance in the quality of social life, which is a very weak effect, while fear of the pandemic supported the quality of social life at a very low level. Recommendations: Research investigators recommend that Governmental Institutions need to raise community awareness and develop programs to reduce the level of pandemic fear among young people that have a specific impact on adolescent mental health and their future.

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Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication and Gastrostomy in Children - Our Experience by Lakshmi Sundararajan In Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Fundoplication for GERD is indicated in case of failure of medical management, recurrent aspirations and life threatening episodes, complications like reflux stricture and failure to thrive1-3. Laparoscopic approach to this surgery has contributed to an increase in the acceptance of anti-reflux surgery. Though such procedures are very common in the western world, it is still an underserviced area in developing countries with constrained resources. There remains great anxiety in the minds of parents in subjecting neurologically impaired children to painful surgery. This report describes our early experience with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with/without gastrostomy in children.

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Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis with Incidental Finding of Factor VII Deficiency: A Case Report

Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis with Incidental Finding of Factor VII Deficiency: A Case Report by Khaled Ismail Abd El Shakoor in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable presentations. It involves pain and inflammation in joints and progressive joint involvement and damage. The condition is associated with skin disease Psoriasis, but not all people with Psoriasis will develop Psoriatic Arthritis. Factor VII deficiency is a rare congenital clotting disorder that develops in 1 out of 500,000 individuals. It causes excessive or prolonged bleeding following a trauma or surgery. The most common clinical presentations include epistaxis, menorrhagia or post tooth extraction bleeding. However, hemarthrosis may occur rarely. There is lack of correlation between the blood plasma levels and severity of symptoms. Cases with marked Factor VII deficiency may lack related symptoms. Such cases are diagnosed with another disease with incidental finding of Factor VII deficiency.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rpn/fulltext/RPN.000620.php

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Road from Hallux Valgus to Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) Diagnosis in a Child: A Case Report_ Crimson Publishers

Road from Hallux Valgus to Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) Diagnosis in a Child: A Case Report by Sadeghi P in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease. Tall stature and advanced bone age have been reported among clinical symptoms. This is a report of a 5 year-old girl who was admitted to the Rheumatology Ward of Bahrami Children’s Hospital for prolonged hallux valgus and lateral deviation of the hand fingers. Physical examination showed generalized hyperpigmentation and tall stature and the patient was in the pre-pubertal stage. The cortisol level was lower than normal while the ACTH level was above the normal limits. A hand X-ray showed a bone age of 9 years and 6 months .Whole exome sequencing revealed homozygous mutation of the MC2R gene . Endocrine disorders should be considered in cases with uncommon childhood skeletal manifestations.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rpn/fulltext/RPN.000619.php

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Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma: One of the Rarest Retroperitoneal Tumors in children-Crimson Publishers

Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma: One of the Rarest Retroperitoneal Tumors by D Hanine in children in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Adrenal cortex is a cancer of the adrenal cortex, rare in children; it accounts for 0.2% of pediatric cancers with a ratio of 1.5 in girls and is sometimes part of predisposing syndromes. The clinical signs suggestive of adrenocortical carcinoma are most frequently endocrine, present in 90% of cases. The hormonal increased secretion is made up of cortisol, androgens, estrogen and more rarely, Aldosterone. Symptoms of virilization are most commonly seen and may or may not be associated with Cushing’s syndrome. Arterial hypertension (hypertension) caused by increased secretion of aldosterone is rarer. More rarely, the mode of discovery is the presence of an abdominal mass, most often associated with abdominal pain, or sometimes local signs of compression.

The prognosis of these tumors, as well as the survival rate, is very variable depending on the tumor stage. It is very pejorative for stage III and IV tumors, compared to stage I and II tumors. The 5-year overall survival rate, all stages combined, fluctuates between 49% and 57% depending on the series, but it can vary between 20 and 90% depending on the tumor stages.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rpn/fulltext/RPN.000618.php

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Unusual Location of a Gastric Perforation Due to a Huge Trichobezoar- Crimson Publishers

Unusual Location of a Gastric Perforation Due to a Huge Trichobezoar by D Hanine in Unusual Location of a Gastric Perforation Due to a Huge Trichobezoar

Trichobezoar is defined by the presence of an intragastric foreign body formed by hair or textile fibers. It is a rare condition that usually occurs in adolescents with mental health problems. The clinical symptoms are very varied and the diagnosis is often suspected on radiology and endoscopy, but sometimes certain complications such as peritonitis can be revealing. The treatment associates surgical and psychological care. We report the observation of a 14-year-old girl hospitalized with acute generalized peritonitis, clinical and radiological investigations concluded in a Trichobezoar complicated by gastric perforation. The treatment was surgical with pre and post-operative resuscitation. The evolution was favorable thereafter with a child psychiatric follow-up for the young adolescent. At the end of this observation, we highlight the possible complications of Trichobezoar and their management.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rpn/fulltext/RPN.000617.php

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On this thanksgiving, I wish that all your blessings get multiplied this year and throughout your whole life. Have a Joyous Thanksgiving!!_Crimson Publishers

On this thanksgiving, I wish that all your blessings get multiplied this year and throughout your whole life. Have a Joyous Thanksgiving!!

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The Mesenteric Lipoma in Children- Crimson Publishers

The Mesenteric Lipoma in Children by Hanine D in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

We report the observation of a 5-year-old boy who consults for acute paroxysmal abdominal pain located in the right iliac fossa without other associated signs. The physical examination was completely normal.

Abdominal ultrasound showed a multi-compartmentalized cystic mass, without vascular character on Doppler, without mass effect on neighboring structures; the mesenteric vessels were in the normal position.

On computed tomography this mass corresponded to a mesenteric formation attached to the cecum containing several septas. The diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma or mesenteric lipoma was made. Surgical exploration confirmed the diagnosis of mesenteric lipoma attached to the ileum. Resection with anastomosis was performed. The post-operative consequences were simple. Pathological examination confirmed the lipomatous nature of the mass. At the end of this observation, we highlight this rare pathology with possible complications.

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A Presentation of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of a Newborn Mimicking Coarctation of Aorta- Crimson Publishers

A Presentation of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of a Newborn Mimicking Coarctation of Aorta by Chang-Hsien Yu in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology 

A male newborn was born to a 18y/o mother at gestational age of 38weeks, birth weight 3295gm via emergent Cesarean section with the indication of fetal distress. The mother was diagnosed with type II DM and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Aspirin was given by a family doctor for prevention of preeclampsia during gestational age of 29 to 36 weeks. After birth, the baby presented persistent desaturation (SpO2 77-85%) and severe respiratory acidosis despite of resuscitation. CXR revealed cardiomegaly. Echocardiography showed remarkable dilatation of right ventricle and a huge Patent Ductus of Arteriosus (PDA) with almost right-toleft shunt. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) was diagnosed. However, the isthmus of aorta was restricted (the narrowest diameter was 0.220cm)

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Medulloblastoma : A Common Pediatric Malignancy- Crimson Publishers

Medulloblastoma : A Common Pediatric Malignancy by Behzad Saberi in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Medulloblastoma arises from the fourth ventricle’s roof of the brain. It is the most common primitive neuroectodermal tumor and is one of the most common pediatric malignancies. It’s male to female ratio is about two to one. Arising from the forth ventricle’s roof, causes tumor to develop hydrocephalus. Complete resection of the tumor in case of presence of the brainstem invasions is impossible. At the time of diagnosis, investigation for metastasis should be done since about ten to thirty-five percent of the cases have shown some degrees of metastasis once they have been diagnosed [1-4]. Medulloblastoma comprises about fifteen to twenty percent of the intracranial tumors in the pediatric groups. The first decade of life is the peak time for medulloblastoma appearance. 

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Road from Hallux Valgus to Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) Diagnosis in a Child: A Case Report- Crimson Publishers

Road from Hallux Valgus to Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) Diagnosis in a Child: A Case Report by Sadeghi P in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease. Tall stature and advanced bone age have been reported among clinical symptoms. This is a report of a 5 year-old girl who was admitted to the Rheumatology Ward of Bahrami Children’s Hospital for prolonged hallux valgus and lateral deviation of the hand fingers. Physical examination showed generalized hyperpigmentation and tall stature and the patient was in the pre-pubertal stage. The cortisol level was lower than normal while the ACTH level was above the normal limits. A hand X-ray showed a bone age of 9 years and 6 months .Whole exome sequencing revealed homozygous mutation of the MC2R gene . Endocrine disorders should be considered in cases with uncommon childhood skeletal manifestations.

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Correlation between Limited Prosocial Emotions and Empathy in Adolescents Clinical Population- Crimson Publishers

Correlation between Limited Prosocial Emotions and Empathy in Adolescents Clinical Population by De La Peña FR in Research in Pediatrics & Neonatology

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the correlation between Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE) specifier for disruptive behavior disorders and the cognitive and affective subtypes of Empathy in a clinical population of adolescents in Mexico City. Sample was integrated with 49 participants between 13 and 18 years old from the Clínica de Adolescentes, an outpatient service of the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. All adolescents included, received LPE specifier diagnosed by certified psychiatrist using a categorical and dimensional instrument. The Global Empathy Scale parent/tutor and self-report versions were used to evaluate cognitive and affective empathy subtypes. The results showed an inversely correlation (r=-0.54, p<0.05) between the severity of LPE specifier dimensional evaluation and the global empathy in male and female population. Male population showed lowest affective than cognitive empathy functioning, particularly with the LPE specifier categorical instrument (X2=5.78, p<0.05). This research demonstrated that male and female adolescent population with LPE specifier presented an altered global empathetic functioning. Categorical and dimensional of LPE specifier establishment may be complementary in adolescent clinical population.

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