4evegr-blog

[4evegr-blog]

There's a story here, within a dream that came true and destiny. Two years ago, I found the best beer I've ever had, tried finding it at local Mexican stores and failed.. Then I ended up at that brand's tend at Oktoberfest without trying. . El año pasado cumplí uno de mis más grandes sueños, tal vez algún día les cuente como terminó esa historia, con un café, tal vez. El caso es que terminé en la carpa de la marca de una cerveza que, un año antes, había cambiado mi vida. #lovebeer #oktoberfest2018 #tb #munich🇩🇪 #tend #hackerpschorr #hackerpschorroktoberfest #mexicanintheworld #keepdreaming #cousin #bierbierbier #cervezamylove #mexicanaenelmundo #mexapower🇲🇽 (en The Oktoberfest - Munich Beer Festival) https://www.instagram.com/p/BtSNLuulp-r/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1ohr654lnh2lj

[4evegr-blog]

Everything ends, no matter how beautiful it is. Enjoy every second of you life ❤️ . Amo los atardeceres 😍 #sunset #beautifulview #enjoy #atardecer #photographie #sun #greatmoment #sun #sol #seaview #cloud #liebe (en Berry Islands) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bs4SJfjgsww/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=6xz8t5kusr6c

[4evegr-blog]

Beautiful view from @exhaciendadechautla restaurant. A place full of mystery and scary stories. I remember that night, I was afraid as hell, so I covered myself in pillows and wore a sleeping mask 😟 . ¿Saben de las temibles historias de la Ex Hacienda de Chautla? Les comparto un link, por si les gusta ese tipo de historias escabrosas 😜 https://youtu.be/tNrUh0EoS94 #beautifulview #exhaciendadechautla #mystery #scary #visitmexico #puebla #escabroso #photographie #photography #landscape #shonen #besuchensiemexiko #newplace (en Ex-Hacienda de Chautla Puebla) https://www.instagram.com/p/BsJpo0ug89K/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=pwkkdv4f0njo

[4evegr-blog]

Mi outfit navideño, quería añadir mi regalo navideño ¡mi mamá me regaló este abrigo aqua, de Julio¡ ❤️ decidí añadir el toque Glam de falda con brillos y mantener el equilibrio de color gris con un suéter. En navidad no puede sobrar el brillo, por lo que opté por una bolsa de lentejuelas también. Para el frío, unas medias negras y unos tacones discretos 🎄 también pongo mis artículos de belleza, que seguro serán objeto de otro post. 😊

🌎Is it ever a limit for shinny things when it comes to Christmas or new year? I got this coat as a Christmas present from my mom, and decided to pair it with this gray outfit and a pair of black tights & some low heels. 🎄👌 I'm also posting my makeup kit, however I'll get into that matter in another post...

Coat: Julio MX

Sweater: vertiche/last year

Skirt: H&M from Sawgrass Mill Miami

Tights: guilty Miniso

Heels (not shown) from my beloved Aldo

The purse: another guilty one, "Todo Moda MX"

Eve

[4evegr-blog]

Todos necesitamos un momento de paz y tranquilidad, para reflexionar sobre el año que se acaba y pensar como podemos hacer mejor el próximo año. #FelizSábado #SanFrancisco #ghirardelli #mexicanaenelmundo #azul #viaje #happysaturday #mexicanintheworld #blue #travel #samstagmorgen #mexikanerinfrau #blau #reise (en San Francisco, California) https://www.instagram.com/p/BrskmVvgjjU/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=d0k8v6t6p3gx

[4evegr-blog]

(Image caption: Worms lacking CEPsh glia (right) tend to abruptly pause in place, suggesting that these cells help regulate the immobility that accompanies sleep)

Drowsy worms offer new insights into the neuroscience of sleep

A good night of sleep entails about eight hours of blissful immobility—a state of near paralysis that, though welcome at night, would be inconvenient during the day. In a recent paper published in Cell Reports, Rockefeller scientists shed new light on the transitions between a wakeful, active state and the stillness of sleep.

Through a series of experiments in the roundworm C. elegans, the researchers show that glial cells play an unexpected role in ensuring that worms don’t suddenly succumb to sleep-associated immobility. It’s the latest in a growing list of functions ascribed to glial cells, which were once thought to function solely as scaffolding for neurons, but are turning out to be sophisticated biological actors in their own right.

The research may offer new insight into the function of glial cells in humans, and reveals a nuanced relationship between sleep and movement.

Narcoleptic worms

In C. elegans, a type of glial cell known as CEPsh glia surround neurons in the worm version of a brain, and are known to wrap around select synapses, the connections between neurons. Shai Shaham, Rockefeller’s Richard E. Salomon Family Professor, and research associate Menachem Katz took an interest in CEPsh cells because they seemed to share many features with astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells suspected by some scientists to regulate sleep in humans and other vertebrates.

To better understand the function of CEPsh glia, the team developed a line of C. elegans that lacked these cells,then monitored the tiny worms’ movements. The scientists noticed that, often, the animals abruptly stopped in place for seconds to minutes at a time—an unusual behavior for this type of worm.

“We can watch C. elegans all day when they search for food, and we rarely see them stop. The worms lacking CEPsh glia were abnormal—they looked narcoleptic,” says Katz.

The researchers also found that during lethargus, a sleep-like state associated with molting, C. elegans without CEPsh glia fell asleep abnormally early and stayed asleep for a longer-than-usual amount of time. Overall, worms lacking CEPsh glia appeared to possess an increased propensity for sleep.

“They’re like teenagers,” says Shaham.

The scientists also noticed that the modified worms matured through larval stages at a slower pace than controls. They were surprised by this outcome, which suggests that healthy development depends in part on healthy sleep patterns.

A sleepy synapse

Next, the team examined the neurons whose synapses are covered with CEPsh glia. Specifically, they looked at the connection between ALA, a neuron involved in sleep, and AVE, a neuron that controls movement. They found that this synapse is inhibitory, meaning that when ALA is active, AVE can’t do its job.

Katz and Shaham believe that ALA is responsible for their worms’ apparent drowsiness. When they removed ALA neurons in C. elegans lacking CEPsh cells, these worms no longer displayed the odd behavior seen in previous trials: movement, sleep, and development returned to normal.

These findings suggest that, when CEPsh cells are absent, ALA inhibits AVE continuously, thereby impeding movement at inappropriate times. But CEPsh glia seem to counteract ALA neurons, permitting normal movement. “When the animal needs to be moving, the glia are important in making sure that AVE isn’t listening to ALA,” says Shaham.

Furthermore, Katz and Shaham discovered that ALA inhibits movement without completely deactivating AVE, an usual decoupling of neuronal activity and motor output. “That’s a very exciting concept,” Shaham says.

“We spend more than a third of our life asleep. But we don’t really understand what it’s good for, and we don’t understand how it works,” says Shaham. “In the worm, we’ve now shown that animals don’t develop properly if sleep is messed up—and we’ve uncovered aspects of the underlying control processes. Given that sleep is so ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, our work may provide important general insights.”