#while thousands of black people are being kidnapped and sold as slaves in america

[iheartbookbran]

like, I still think it’s sort of weird that Shonda Rhimes bought the rights to the Bridgerton novels, did a mediocre job at adapting the material and also kinda ruined one of the most popular pairings from the books in the process, and then proceeded to hyperfixate on her own OC to the point of creating a spin-off in which the central romance is about two members of a very white, slave-owning, racist and imperialist institution that could only maintain power through the exploitation of people of color all over the world, but now the protagonist is a black woman who’s about to end racism in 1700s Great Britain through the power of Love

[softeeyoongi]

Boys With Luv

CHAPTER 2

OT7 X Black!Reader

Here’s chapter 2 of this fic!! I also post of AO3 but it would be nice if you all could reblog :D!! Thank you and I hope you enjoy this chapter!!

Y/N grunted as she struggled to open her apartment door with her hands occupied with a box full of cats. As soon as she shut the door behind her, she scurried into the living room and gently set down the box to not wake up the cats.

It was already quite warm in the apartment but since the cats seemed to have been in the cold for so long, she grabbed a heating pad and some blankets from her closet in the hallway to wrap the small felines in. As she came back into the living room, she noticed that some of the cats were starting to move around in their sleep.

'They'll probably be hungry when they wake up..' Y/N thought and rushed to the cupboard to see if there was anything she could feed them.

'There's canned mackerel, salmon, sardines, tuna... I guess I'll put a little bit of everything. They're probably starving.'

Y/N grabbed a can of each type of fish and carefully scooped half of the can into separate bowls.

"Oh, and cats like milk!" She spoke to herself before running to the fridge,  grabbing a carton of milk and pouring it into another bowl.

Y/N then slowly walked to the living room with the bowls of assorted fish and milk, careful not to spill anything on the floor. Most of the cats seemed to still be sleeping, but they weren't shivering anymore, which was a plus.

'That heating pad sure does come in handy in situations like this.' She thought to herself while placing the food for the cats near their makeshift bed.

Now that the layer of snow had melted of their fur, you could see the coat of dirt and what looked like maybe blood that was underneath. They would definitely need a thorough shower when they woke up. But since they weren't, Y/N decided to turn on the television and watch the news until the cats woke up or fell asleep.

"-hybrids, turn them in immediately or report your siting to the police. Those who do, will be rewarded with up to 100.000 won. Those harboring them in any facility, whether public or private, will be arrested and punished severely."

Y/N scoffed and changed the channel.

"-The uprising and riots of the hybrids continue to intensify each day. The police have arrested and detained over 100 hybrids and humans that have participated in these-"

She turned off the television and let out a groan, throwing her head back.

Hybrids and humans have always coexisted for over 50 years. They were first created in a lab in the United States during the 1940's as a use for a weapon during World War 2. The original idea was to create a mix between animal and human — a combination that could cause chaos and destruction, could kill without mercy and were 10 times stronger and faster than humans. To do so, they would use enlisted soldiers or volunteers from allies. It took months and months and thousands upon thousands of failed experiments. There was either no effect, the volunteers would die or developed deadly diseases and viruses.

Then they succeeded.

The hybrids were stronger and faster than normal humans. They were able to change between their animal and human form with ease. They were even more easier to train for combat than the human soldiers.

But their success can with many flaws.

There were many biological problems that didn't make them suitable enough for battle.

The type of animal DNA that infused with the human DNA would affect their strength and the way they acted. For example, if someone was a dog hybrid, they would always look forward to praise and affection. If not received, it would affect their performance. Many hybrids were common animals like dogs, cats, mice, bunnies, and birds. They were the easiest to create in the lab which is why there were so many. Other hybrids that were animals like bears, lions, and wolves were a lot harder to create and because of the lack of funding and resources, the experimenters mostly stuck to small and common animals.

Heats also affected their performance. All hybrids had a sort of... mating season. Some more than others. A major problem was that all hybrids had to mate within a certain period of time, or else it could lead to depression or anxiety within hybrids. The hybrids also seemed to become attached to other humans easily after mating which  could cause complications if they joined the army.

In the end, there were more cons than pros and so the project was shut down after a few years. That didn't stop people from becoming curious and creating their own hybrids. As technology advanced, it became easier and cheaper to create hybrids. 

The hybrids that survived the experiment were quickly released to integrate into society. Most went back to their original countries and some stayed in the states, hoping for a better future and greater opportunities. 

Because of their differences in physical appearance and behavior, they became the outcasts of societies of all countries. And because they were dangerous and a threat to humans, terrible atrocities would be done against them. As their population increased, they were tortured, kidnapped and sold to the black market as pets and slaves for sexual pleasures. 

Of course, many people, humans and hybrids protested against such things that were occurring and not being reported on the news. Around the 2000s, hybrids started to obtain more rights through activism and peaceful protests, although it was mostly the Americas, that became more progressive in rights for hybrids.

In many countries however, South Korea being one of those countries, getting more freedom for hybrids was slow and they were still treated like garbage. They see them as a threat to human society and there have been... purges going on to decrease the population of hybrids in Korea, especially the more rare ones. They were either sending them out of the country or just outright murdering them. Any hybrid without an owner were at risk of being sent out of the country or even killed. There have been protests and even riots against the Korean government and their mistreatment towards hybrids but it just seems like there have been more humans and hybrids dying at the hands of the law...

It was all too much to think about. It was depressing. 

Y/N's head jerked up from her deep thoughts when she heard a shrill hissing sound. She looked around frantically before noticing that one of cats, the black tabby with blue eyes, was in a defensive stance. It's tail was puffed out and it was crouched low to the ground, teeth being bared.

"Hey there little guy.." Y/N slid of her space on the couch and approached the cat slowly, reaching out her hand towards it "Don't worry, I'm not gonna hurt-"

Apparently, Y/N moved too fast because the black cat swiped quickly at her hand with his claws out before getting back into its defensive stance. It was standing in front of the other cats, who seemed to be waking up with all the noise going on.

"Ack! Hey, that hurt..." Y/N whined before looking at the hand that the cat injured.

The scratch was bad and deep enough to leave a scar and it was starting to relieve small drop lets of blood. You always hated getting cuts that would scar.

"I won't hurt you. I- I promise." Y/N put her hands up and spoke to the raven colored cat that stared at her, as if it could understand her

"Look, I got you guys some fish and some milk that should be warm enough to drink. See — there's salmon,  mackerel, tuna and sardines." Y/N pushed the bowls closer to the cats

The black cat stared at you for a few seconds and Y/N stared back. It then strut it's way over to the farthest corner of the room and decided to sleep there.

'What a strange cat...' Y/N thought before turning around and noticing the other cats were staring at you.

[aswithasunbeam]

i was reading through your blog and i noticed on one of your posts about whether the hamiltons owned slaves that he expressed life long antislavery sentiments. i've seen it said though that because of his origins that he necessarily wouldn't have been against it, but i'm interested in knowing of evidence for either argument

The development of Hamilton’s antislavery beliefs and their seeming drop off in his later life is a topic to which I’ve given it a lot of thought–hope you’re ready for an essay! Hamilton’s relationship with slavery is complicated. It’s true that Hamilton’s origins don’t seem to lend themselves to his being an opponent of slavery. Slavery was ubiquitous in the Caribbean where Hamilton grew up; in the year 1770, three years before Hamilton left for America, the island of St. Croix held 18,884 enslaved people to 1,515 whites and freedmen.[1] Hamilton himself was raised in a slave owning household: his mother, Rachel Faucette, inherited five female slaves and their children from her father, all of whom she held until her death in 1768. Only the laws of inheritance barring property from passing to illegitimate children stopped him from owning slaves himself at the age of eleven.

After his mother’s death, Hamilton went to work as a clerk for the trading firm Beekman and Cruger. Downstairs behind the firm’s King’s Street office there stood “a large enclosed yard where the newly arrived slaves were auctioned.”[2] Hamilton’s duties as a clerk included writing advertisements for these slave auctions, and recording the sales for the firm. As Willard Sterne Randall summarizes, “In his early life especially, Hamilton benefited from the Caribbean’s slave based economy. He learned to trade and socialize with its richest benefactors, who included not only his own relatives but all his business colleagues.”[3]

However, it’s also during his youth in the Caribbean that the first hints of his opposition to slavery appear. Part of these early leanings away from slavery may have come from the influence of Presbyterian minister Hugh Knox, a close mentor to Hamilton. Though far from an abolitionist, Knox preached against the horrific mistreatment inflicted upon enslaved people by their masters. For example, in one of his published sermons, Knox asked, “If we shew no mercy to those whom God hath put under us, can we expect any other than judgement without mercy from him whose creatures we abuse?”.[4] The imagery of God as a vengeful master wreaking abuse upon the white inhabitants of the Caribbean, as they abused their own servants is echoed in Hamilton’s famous hurricane letter, published in the Royal Danish American Gazette: “That which, in a calm unruffled temper, we call a natural cause, seemed then like the correction the Deity. Our imagination represented him as an incensed master, executing vengeance on the crimes of his servants.”[5] These early stirrings of conscience would only be heightened upon his arrival in America.

Hamilton’s close relationship with both John Laurens clarified and entrenched his opposition to the institution of slavery. Laurens, who was raised on a sprawling South Carolina plantation and who benefitted more from slavery than even Hamilton had, was also the most outspoken advocate against it on General Washington's staff. When Laurens sought to form a battalion of enslaved men during the revolution, Hamilton wrote him a letter of introduction to John Jay expressing hearty approval of the project. “The contempt we have been taught to entertain for the blacks, makes us fancy many things that are founded neither in reason nor experience,” Hamilton wrote, not exempting himself from the group, “and an unwillingness to part with property of so valuable a kind will furnish a thousand arguments to show the impracticability or pernicious tendency of a scheme which requires such a sacrifice.”[6] Against the charge that blacks were “too stupid to fight,” Hamilton rebuffs any arguments of white supremacy, putting any distinction between the races down to a “want of cultivation (for their natural faculties are probably as good as ours)”.[7] The heart of Laurens’ plan, Hamilton goes on, is not to arm slaves but to open the door to their emancipation: “This circumstance, I confess, has no small weight in inducing me to wish the success of the project; for the dictates of humanity and true policy equally interest me in favour of this unfortunate class of men.”[8] As Hamilton’s anti-slavery sentiments increased, so too did his frustrations with the slaveholding class begin to grow. Writing to Laurens regarding his plan six months later, Hamilton despaired of ever seeing it successful: “that commerce which presided over the birth and education of these states has fitted their inhabitants for the chain, and that the only condition they sincerely desire is that it may be a golden one.”[9] Hamilton’s relationship with Laurens elucidates much on his ideas regarding race and slavery in America, and the fundamental irony of a country fighting for freedom while holding thousands of men, women, and children in bondage.

Beyond his friendship with John Laurens bringing the inhumanity of slavery into sharper focus, Hamilton also began to learn about the economic drawbacks to slavery. In the Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce, of which Hamilton took detailed notes in his pay book, Malachy Postlethwayt railed against the slave trade for cutting off Africa as lucrative trade partner for European markets as manufacturing interests increased. An unimaginably profitable trade relationship with an entire continent had been foreclosed “from that unjust, inhumane, and unchristian-like traffic called the SLAVE TRADE, which is carried on by the Europeans.”[10] Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations argued slavery as a labor system is also inherently inefficient. Slaves worked so hard as they needed to in order to avoid violence. Wage laborers, on the other hand, would work more efficiently on the promise of compensation. Smith concluded, “[T]he work done by free men comes cheaper in the end than that performed by slaves. It is found to do so even at Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, where the wages of common labor are so very high.”[11] Hamilton was learning to oppose slavery for moral and economic reasons.

After the Revolution, Hamilton became a founding member of the New York Manumission Society. Established in 1785, the society sought both to agitate the New York legislature for a gradual abolition law and to protect freedmen from the scourge of kidnappings plaguing the city.[12] Hamilton, along with Robert Troup and William Matlack, proposed imposing strict timetables on when a member of the Society would be required to free any slaves they owned, and suggested the society keep and publish records of all freed men and women, “in order to enable as well members of this society and others to detect attempts to deprive the slaves so manumitted of their Liberty.”[13] A law for the gradual abolition of slavery was passed in New York in 1799, thanks in part to the influence of the Manumission Society, and their provision of free legal services to free men and women threatened with being sold into slavery was invaluable to those they aided. Hamilton would remain a member of the society until his death.

Hamilton undoubtedly could have been more active and outspoken in his opposition to slavery. His lifelong work as legal counsel for the Manumission Society can hardly be considered sufficient when he played such an important role in shaping the nation. However, his lack of activism arguably stemmed not from insufficient interest in the cause, but from a mistaken belief that such activism wouldn't be necessary. The Massachusetts’s courts had abolished slavery entirely, while Pennsylvania and New York were already instituting gradual abolition laws. Influential men like George Washington were setting the example of manumitting slaves upon their death. As the Industrial Revolution took hold, and inventions such as Eli Whitney’s Cotton Engine were unveiled, the need for an abundance of slave labor seemed to be fading. For a time in the late eighteenth century, the slow but steady demise of slavery seemed inevitable.

Nothing evidences this belief more than the fact that slavery is not mentioned once in Hamilton’s exhaustive exploration of labor forces in his Report on Manufactures. Unlike England, America didn’t have an abundant supply of landless lower classes to supply labor for industry. If slavery was to continue to decline over the same decades as manufacturing and industry increased, then it wasn’t worth mentioning as a solution to the foreseeable labor shortages. Instead, he looked to the labor structures of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania for inspiration: Massachusetts, settled by Puritans, strongly encouraged of all its settlers, women and children as well as men, to labor, while in Pennsylvania, the Quakers, unable to reconcile the violence of slavery with their pacifism, relied on encouraging immigration. In doing so, he hoped to create a diverse economy independent of the need for enslaved laborers. In fact, as industry unseated the rigidly hierarchical plantation system of the South, freed black men and women might help fill those labor needs, providing more efficient labor than before as suggested by Adam Smith. That industry would in fact only entrench slavery further into southern society, as demand for cotton and other raw goods increased, was an irony Hamilton sadly didn’t anticipate, and didn’t live to see play out. 

 [1] N.A.T Hall, Slave Society in the Danish West Indies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 5.[2] Willard Sterne Randall, Alexander Hamilton: A Life (New York:HarperCollins, 2004), 25.[3] Ibid, 26. [4] Hugh Knox, Select Sermons on Interesting Subjects, II (Glasgow: Robert and Andrew Foulis, 1776), 69. [5] Alexander Hamilton to James Hamilton, 6 September 1772: PAH, I, 37.[6] Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 14 March 1779, PAH, II, 17. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Hamilton to John Laurens, 11 September 1779: PAH, II, 166.[10] Malachy Postlethwayt, “Africa,” Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce (London, 1766).[11] Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Edwin Cannan, ed., (New York: Random House, 1937), 365.[12] See Minutes of the New York Manumission Society, 10 November 1785, VI, 29-31.[13] Ibid. 

[msniw]

Black Leaders Should Return to ‘Roots’

I have found a 30th anniversary edition of Alex Haley’s Roots.

A publisher’s opening statement by Vanguard Press pulls no punches; does not shirk from reminding readers that Haley’s African-American family saga mapping the road from slavery to freedom was both partly plagiarised and roundly criticised for confusing fact and fiction.

 ”But none of the controversy affects the basic issue. Roots”, says Vanguard, “fostered a remarkable dialogue about not just the past, but the then present day 1970s and how America had fared since the days portrayed in Roots …The 30th anniversary edition (is) to remind the generation that originally read it that there are issues that still need to be discussed and debated, and to introduce to a new and younger generation, a book that will help them understand, perhaps for the first time, the reality of what took place during the time of Roots”.

 But 14 years farther on still, there is no dialogue, only the latest fashion for silencing those whose honest views cause acute social discomfort - and with it the eternal rising flame of Jew hate.

 And this would alarm Haley, who died in 1992 barely two months before the Los Angeles anti-police riots and who, in September 1977 visited Israel where he received an honorary degree from the Hebrew University “in recognition of the special significance his book has for the Jewish people”.

 In his acceptance speech, Haley drew parallels between the plight of Jews in history and that of Black Africans who were sold into slavery. “Both have proven that by courage and perseverance they can surmount whatever difficulties they encounter,” he said.

So now I ask why so few people today, including Black historians, examine diasporan Africans’ own forebears’ enthusiastic complicity in their initial kidnap, torture and enslavement? Why does no-one say slavery was and remains traditional in the area and that the ancient monarchs of what are now The Gambia, Benin, West Africa and Ghana, abducted and sold their subjects to Western traders?

None of what happened later would have been possible without these rulers’ early collusion.

Slavery continues without cease throughout the modern world, in the UK and Europe and back to the Far East and Africa and is said to earn international criminal networks barely less than drugs smuggling.

No wonder then, that it remains institutionalised even in countries like Mali and Mauritania where it was abolished but not criminalised during the 1960s and 1980s respectively.

Also dubious is the sudden intervention of the historians cited above, who have complained about the ‘false slavery information’ provided in the handbook for individuals taking the UK citizenship test.

I have not heard of their criticising the defacement, despoliation and removal of historical monuments, be they in Britain, Europe or North America. Why – how - for Heaven’s sake - could they remain silent in the face of the active obliteration of the artistic expression of recorded world memory?

Surely it could not be for the petulant and infantile reason that they dislike the personalities those monuments represent? To erase monuments – even to those of people now loathsome in modern eyes – is to annihilate the past and is the work of terrorists.

The past is littered with benevolent despots like Edward Colston, presently much vilified as an evil slave trader. However, his infinite endowments to the city of Bristol would now be unquantifiable while his skill, energy and imagination make his achievements beyond price. This is ever the troubling conflict at the heart of genius; how extraordinary accomplishment may be attained without abusing others.

But the world prefers instead to laud someone like British Black Lives Matter activist Jen Reid, who in the future will be remembered best as having caused a funding crisis for Bristol Council and current Black mayor Marvin Rees as the thousands of pounds it has cost to remove her temporary, unauthorised statue had been earmarked initially for adult social care and children's services.

If Black lives are now more valuable than those of the rest of us, where does it place the white members of mixed race families? I am acquainted with several such families and so also know that the potential repercussions are too awful to contemplate.

Martin Luther King Jr. dreamed of his children being judged by their characters, not their skin colour and his eldest son, Martin Luther King III remarked of him during a recent New York Times interview:

“He would know that we are much better than the behavior we are exhibiting …. Because he showed us what we could become within his life. I think, though, he would be very pleased that in his era, you had demonstrations that were largely Black but often whites joined, and in this era, it seems like there are many cities where there are very few Blacks and the overwhelming majority of those demonstrations are white. You’ve got these massive demonstrations all over the world, and whites are leading many of them, saying that ‘Black Lives Matter’… he often said that riots are the language of the unheard. He empathised with those who rioted, although he never condoned violence”.

King and his recently deceased civil rights colleague, Congressman John Lewis were both stalwart friends of the Jewish community and I suggest Lewis will have been concerned and pained by the huge spike in global antisemitism that occurred during his final months.

But Black figures like him are becoming increasingly rare in a society which seems to be dominated by virulent Jew-haters in organisations including BLM, Antifa and individuals like Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan who incites the celebrities who admire him.

As his case is that currently being spotlighted, I end here by reminding Wiley, the UK Grime rapper, that far from enslaving Black people, not only were many Jews at the forefront of the 1960s US Civil Rights Movement but that two prominent English Jews, Sir Moses Montefiore and Nathan Mayer Rothschild were directly responsible for easing the abolition of slavery in England during the 1830s.

This was achieved by making a massive loan to the government for compensation to slave owners. Further, it is said that the loan was not repaid in full until “2015 as part of government restructuring of its debt”.

It is blindingly obvious that too many members of the international Black community are so accustomed to feeling oppressed that they almost enjoy and exploit their perceived victimhood.

It is time for those living in the West to be less introverted and to champion the cause of the millions of genuine slaves I mention above.

© Natalie Wood (08 August 2020)

[philly-osopher]

Washington’s slaves

okay, look. i thought the idea of Washington as a “good” slaveowner had been debunked so thoroughly that i would have nothing further to contribute. but the other day i saw a post cross my dash that made me realize that there are a lot of bad, poorly-supported arguments out there. i can’t replicate the post, since OP has deleted it, and i’m not interested in responding to OP in particular, but rather to all the misconceptions i saw. hopefully this will be useful in correcting those! many thanks are due to @herowndeliverance for editing help :)

here are some misconceptions re: George Washington and slavery + debunkation:

“he was actually nice to his slaves!”

completely and utterly false. first of all, the simple act of enslaving someone is NOT NICE. the notion that there can be a “benign slaveowner” is utterly absurd. slaves’ entire lives were stolen from them. their labor made Washington’s fortune and gave him his social position. the ~300 slaves at Mount Vernon did often backbreaking work six days a week under extreme coercion, were kept purposefully uneducated and illiterate, and had no legal recourse if they were treated cruelly--which they were. we have direct, textual evidence that Washington encouraged his overseers to beat and whip slaves who he deemed were misbehaving, defiant, or shirking work.

worst of all, if Washington had a slave whom he considered particularly problematic, he would sell them to the West Indies. Mount Vernon’s website is a great source of info on most of this, but here all they say is that this was a way of “ensuring that the person would never see their family or friends at Mount Vernon again.” this is an almost comical understatement. anyone who’s read the Chernow biography of Hamilton knows what a hellscape the West Indian sugar plantations were; life expectancy was about eight years once a slave started work. since Washington visited the sugar islands as a young man, he wasn’t ignorant of conditions there. but if a slave inconvenienced him too much, he sent them anyway.

was Washington an especially cruel master by the standards of his day? probably not. was he nice? the whole concept of “nice” can’t apply to this situation, but even if it could, Washington wouldn’t be it.

“freeing slaves would have been cruel... for the slaves”

slaves tried to escape Mount Vernon fairly frequently. one very famous case is that of Ona Judge, one of Martha Washington’s slaves, who escaped Philadelphia just before the end of Washington’s second term as President. even though the Washingtons contacted her and asked/ berated/ threatened in attempts to bring her back, Ona refused point blank to return. she spent her whole life as a fugitive in the woods in New Hampshire rather than go back to life as a slave. and it’s worth noting that she was Martha Washington’s favorite-- she had the relatively fortunate position of working in the house. another slave who escaped the Washingtons, Hercules, was a very skilled chef, and also had a relatively “soft” job.

A short time after the cook’s escape, a visitor to Mount Vernon asked one of Hercules’s young daughters if she was upset that she would never see her father again. Her answer surprised him: “Oh! Sir, I am very glad, because he is free now.”  (citation)

i should note that nobody was able to find out what happened to Hercules. he could have been killed on the journey north, kidnapped and sold back into slavery (more on this later) or he could have gotten away. being an escaped slave was dangerous business. yet Ona Judge and other escaped slaves preferred a lifetime of poverty and marginalization to even the least physically taxing slavery, and Ona Judge affirmed her preference for freedom in multiple newspaper interviews at the end of her life.

furthermore, southerners lived in constant fear of slave rebellions. the possibility of a slave rebellion was one of the reasons South Carolina couldn’t muster an adequate militia during the Revolution. slaves actively resisted being slaves and many risked their lives for the possibility of freedom.

so let’s put it this way: if emancipating slaves would truly have been so cruel to them... why did they have to be brutally coerced into staying slaves? why did so many try to escape or rebel in spite of that? the actions that slaves took really speak for themselves to debunk the argument that freedom would have been somehow cruel to them.

“slavery was normal at the time, so Washington didn’t know any better”

first of all, not all people who were raised when slavery was normal continued to hold those ideas throughout their lives. this included people whom Washington knew and liked. John Laurens, son of a man who made his fortune off of slavery, is one obvious example. another is Ben Franklin, who accepted slavery unquestioningly as a younger man, in fact owning slaves, but completely changed his mind later in life, directly petitioning Congress to abolish slavery. the Quakers, with a strong presence in the national capital of Philadelphia, also lobbied for an end to slavery. it was far from a universally-accepted practice in Washington’s day.

okay, so clearly SOME people realized slavery was wrong. but that didn’t mean a world without slavery was something a person of average intellectual/ moral vision could conceive of, right? (notice how little credit Washington apologists have to give him here? he was just a victim of his times! he could see a way to free America from Britain but by golly, freeing his own slaves was just too much of a stretch for his poor conventional brain to make) except the idea that slavery was normal everywhere is, again, totally wrong.

during the Washington administration the American seat of government was in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania had passed an Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in 1780-- during the Revolution, way before Washington assumed the Presidency in 1789. the law stated that any slave who stayed in Philadelphia for six continuous months would be freed. this meant that the Washingtons had to set up a rotation system, taking their slaves back to Virginia or just across the river to New Jersey (everything is legal in New Jersey) to restart the clock. the slaves were perfectly aware this was going on. we don’t have record of what they thought about it-- but let’s be real, it must have been the most agonizing, infuriating process in the world. technically Washington wasn’t breaking the law, but he was certainly using a loophole to within an inch of its life.

Philadelphia also had the nation’s largest free black community as a result of this law-- there were several thousand free blacks in the city and only a few hundred slaves. the Washingtons were the exception to the rule the whole time they were there.

furthermore, Washington probably violated the tissue-thin protections granted fugitive slaves in his own Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 when he tried to bring Ona Judge back. the law required the slaveowner or his agent to bring a fugitive slave before a court, affirm it was really them, and get the judge’s okay before bringing them back to a life of slavery. Washington twice attempted to end run around this process-- Ona refused to play ball.

citation for most of the previous two paragraphs: Never Caught, by Erica Armstrong Dunbar, and this podcast where she talks extensively about the book and the research she did for it. [note the podcast seems to be aimed at old white dudes, so they do spend time on some arguments that are pretty damn obvious to anyone who’s taken a race/ gender studies class. but it still has lots of good information.]

also, there’s a Drunk History on Ona Judge that is quite good

“he couldn’t legally emancipate his slaves”

okay, that’s partially true. about 2/3 of the Mount Vernon slaves, and Ona Judge, were Martha’s. “Martha’s” slaves were actually Custis estate “dower slaves” left over from her first marriage, and held in reserve for her grandchildren. it was all legally very tied up. but the fact remains that Martha did emancipate a lot of George’s slaves (not her own) after George’s death-- not out of the goodness of her heart, mind you, but because he’d stipulated they’d be freed after she died, and she didn’t want to give them all incentive to kill her. so, George and Martha did have the legal power to free at least George’s slaves, around 100 people. the circumstances under which Martha freed them are not to her moral credit. i want to keep this focused on George because it’s already so long, but Martha benefited just as much or more from slavery as him, and respecting her as someone with her own moral agency requires we acknowledge her failings as her own. 

all of this debate about treatment of individual slaves really misses the point, however. arguing about how Washington personally treated his own slaves ignores his political actions. Washington signed into law the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 while he was President.

what’s that?

here’s some things the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 (full original text here) did:

made it so that slaves escaping from slave states into free states were still legally considered slaves

made it legal for masters or their representatives to arrest suspected fugitive slaves in free states, take them before a judge, and, upon proving their identity “by oral testimony or affidavit,” (a.k.a. “yes, this is my slave, pinky swear”-- needless to say, this clause meant slave-staters could basically legally kidnap and enslave any free black person, even from a free state) return them to slavery

fined people who knowingly helped fugitive slaves

furthermore, slavery was inherited based on the mother’s legal status-- so, if a woman escaped slavery, went to a free state, and had children, her children were legally speaking slaves to her old master. this is what happened to Ona Judge. this is why she and her children were still in hiding in the woods in New Hampshire in the 1850s-- Martha’s granddaughter was still alive. legally, she owned them all.

as President, Washington’s power to do harm to slaves was far greater than as a private individual. he used that power to legally entrench slavery, extending the power of slave states to enforce slave laws even in free states.

some argue that Washington’s priority was preserving the Union/ keeping southern states happy, and that doing so required a soft stance on slavery. people who are better-qualified historians than i am can debate that point. however, even IF a conciliatory approach to the south on a policy level was necessary for Washington to get his political priorities accomplished, that still says something about what his priorities were (e.g. certainly not with helping slaves). AND, we also have to think about the example that Washington’s prominent use of slave labor as President set for the rest of the country. his personal conduct and decisions about his own household weren’t subject to the same considerations as his political actions. and yet, Washington’s choice to use slaves not only in Mount Vernon but also in New York and Philadelphia was a powerful (if implicit) pro-slavery signal.

Americans idolized Washington-- his personal conduct was seen as exemplary for the whole nation. what kind of message did it send to the nation that the Washingtons brought slaves to Philadelphia-- a free city-- during their administration? it sent the message that slavery was not just normal, but morally okay. it sent the message that slavers subverting the laws of free states was not just normal, but morally okay.

Washington’s life was enormously consequential for this country. he was a complicated person--like we all are!-- and he did make some choices that were really, really good for America, like trying to stay above political parties, and dealing effectively with the crises of his administration, and setting the precedent of retiring after two terms. his terrible treatment of slaves and his work to reinforce and normalize slavery don’t erase the good he did. but nor does the good he did excuse the bad. we simply cannot pretend that what Washington did-- towards his slaves personally, and regarding slavery politically-- is just an artifact of his upbringing. he chose to act the way he did, and if we’re going to understand the USA and the depth of the historical injury done to America’s black community by slavery, Washington’s moral failings are a critical part of the story.

[dontletthemfoolya]

Don't Credit Me, I'm A Nigga 🤣🤣😂

While sat-un, its serpents, its mothers and tillers will make and are making every skillful effort to pretend otherwise, the current weather extreme dynamics are a direct consequence of the activities of man; human, but not how it's portrayed by the serpent and sat-un ( msm media and aid agencies ).

However, just as sat-un made the serpents isolate and skillfully lie to, mock, flatter and trick humans in the Garden Of Eden ( north east Africa ) in the books written by the Ancient Prophets known to many as Holy Bible, etcetera, in spite of how santa mocks, flatters and deprives us, many of us, despite the technology and some, still seek to buy the latest releases of the #kingsnewclothes by satan's serpents.

Although the backbone of the beast, the world wide web, first mentioned in writing at least 2,000 ( two thousand ) years ago has done a lot to reveal real truths, very many of us want to be in #synchronisation and #track of the #zeitgeist, and so go a long way and make great effort to neglect, deny and dismiss that which is and has been before and around us, in #exchange for acting in accord with satan.

For anyone to actually #love you, they must first love the Most High God Jah.

Otherwise, ( as with things satanic ), it's a light show, an account to manipulate you and or others to the agenda of a beast, demon or other mechanical equivalence #entity or entities, a #work, for a fleeting pleasure, but not real, love. Always try and @checkthebalancesheet.

It's easier said than done, but a pointless exercise, such as applying misnomers and creating fake narratives so that an imagined objective and result,

most often contrary to God Jah Will,

is arrived at, to effect a vanity outcome and causing suffering, most often in the pursuit of love of money.

In order, I think, to funnel funds to cabals of laboratories, their wizards and bankers, diseases are created, discovered or and kept going, then the cures ( Friday I'm In Love ) or relief from those diseases and conditions are covered up, hidden, misconflated or forbidden while, most often, the cabals charge prices way in excess of it's true value of an analogue compound, usually causing a number of other diseases, referred to as " permissable #sideEffects ", and therefore maintaining the constant need among most people for one thing or another, to buy from the cabals.

Last year, 2019 ( twenty-nineteen ), was the year that the telephone systems, in Africa and those type of countries on all the continents of planet Earth, were planned to have been allowed to have reached the technological standards and costs reached in 1994 ( nineteen ninety four ), by sat-un (aid agencies).

Even though most main stream media are fully aware of the profound veracity in the statements made by United States of America politician Ben Carson and United States President Donald J. Trump, about ' black ' Africans in America who had traveled to and established there for centuries before transatlantic slave trade, most of them chose to keep the sensationalist narratives of

" people living happily under the trees, in the #sun, in Africa, before being kidnapped and forced on to ships, to be sold into #slavetrade in America and Europe "

going, because it's a more attractive story.

I was disappointed, but also understand that rather than go through the whole power point board schematics, explaining to the main stream media and its subscribers about how Arabian, Gambian, Ghanaians, Senegalese and many others have been in America for over 1,500 ( one thousand five hundred) years, allow natural events to reveal this. Though aggressively prohibited from the freedom to be educated, since childhood by the eu, ( as were my daddy and granddaddy ), I intuitively knew this, and I credit that to a combination of things, including loving the Most High God Jah, before Jamaicans revealed to me that we have Jamaican and other American family who are Prophets, before me going to Africa in the 1990s and ignorantly creating projects and solutions, including better trade, telecommunications and tourism, being from

With the approach of #BrExit, there appears to have been a substantial reduction in small and large aircraft traffic. This will likely also result in many other bad things in our country being reduced, including those people from lynching, objectifying, aesthetics-worshipping, gold-digging, and some, cultures. As our country is top of the world, that will possibly mean that thing are likely to have become very good very good, or else likely to become very bad very bad! 🤣🤣😂

Nah; I'm only joking. Our UK Prime Minister is now PM Boris Johnson!

( " Oh what a knight

After December

#KeepMyPromises.

God Jah is Greatest.

[blackhoof-kra]

The New Abolitionism: Capitalism, Slavery and Animal Liberation Capitalism originated in, and would have been impossible without, imperialism, colonization, the international slave trade, genocide, and large-scale environmental destruction. Organized around profit and power imperatives, capitalism is a system of slavery, exploitation, class hierarchy and inequality, violence, and forced labor. The Global Capitalist Gulag was fuelled, first, by the labor power of millions of slaves from Africa and other nations, and, second, by massive armies of immigrant and domestic workers who comprised an utterly new social class, the industrialized proletariat.

As Marx observed, the accumulation of wealth and the production of poverty, the aggrandizement of the ruling class and the immiseration of the ruled, the development of the European world and the underdevelopment of its colonies, are inseparably interrelated. These apparent antipodes are inevitable consequences of a grow-or-die, profit-seeking system of exploitation whose ceaseless expansion requires a slave class and inordinate amounts of cheap labor power.

The transatlantic slave trade began in 1444 when Henry the Navigator began taking Africans back to Portugal to serve as slaves. Africans already were enslaving each other, but their labor market was more akin to indentured servitude and nothing like the horrors they would later face in British America. Prior to trafficking in African slaves, European nations enjoyed positive relationships with Africa based on friendship and trade. This ended in the mid-fifteenth century when they were overtaken by insatiable demands for gold, profits, and slave labor. As evident in the brutal exploits of Columbus and Spain, many European states waged genocidal war against dark-skinned peoples in order to appropriate their land, resources, riches, and labor power.

Over the next few centuries European forces of “civilization,” “progress,” and Christianity kidnapped twenty million Africans from their homes and villages. They forced inland captives to march 500 grueling miles to the coast while barefoot and in leg irons. Half died before they reached the ships and more expired during the torturous six to ten week journey across the Atlantic to North America. The slave traders confined their human cargo to the suffocating hell beneath the deck. Blacks were packed into tight spaces, chained together, and delirious from heat, stench, and disease. They were beaten, force-fed, and thrown overboard in droves.

Marx rightly saw European colonialism as the “primitive stage of capital development” before the emergence of industrial society. From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, profits from the slave trade built European economies, bankrolled the Industrial Revolution, and powered America before and after the Revolutionary War. The glorious cities and refined cultures of modern Europe were erected on the backs of millions of slaves, its “civilization” the product of barbarism. The horrors of slavery were the burning ethical and political issues of modern capitalism. Over a century after the liberation of blacks in the 1880s, however, slavery has again emerged as a focal point of debate and struggle, as society shifts from considering human to animal slaves and a new abolitionist movement seeking animal liberation emerges as a flashpoint for moral evolution and social transformation

Strange Fruit of American Democracy

Both before and after the Revolutionary War, America was a slave-hungry system. In its European form, the nation emerged from scratch, with no prior feudal history or communal traditions, a product of British capital ventures. As British colonists found no gold like the Spaniards did in the Americas, they turned to agriculture. From the Indians they learned to grow tobacco as a profitable crop, but planting and harvesting required intense physical labor. For their sturdiness, vulnerability, and cheap price, the colonists favored Africans over Native American Indians and English laborers for the task.

The first Africans arrived on the North American continent in August 1619, a year before Pilgrims landed the Mayflower on the shores of Massachusetts and decades before the British slave trade began in New England. Exchanged for food, twenty blacks stepped off a Dutch slavery ship to become the first generation of African-Americans. Joining a society not yet lacerated by slavery and racism, they worked as indentured servants to British elites. As such, their status was equal to poor white servants, and servants of either race could gain freedom after their tenure. Like whites, blacks owned property, married, and voted in an integrated society.

This benign situation changed dramatically in the 1660s as ever-more Africans were brought to the colonies to meet the growing need for plantation labor. As slavery became crucial to capitalist expansion and plantation economies organized around tobacco, sugar, and cotton, British colonists constructed racist ideologies to legitimate the violent subjugation of those equal to them in the eyes of God and the principles of natural law. Having survived the shock of capture and wretchedness of their journey, African men, women, and children were auctioned, branded, and sold to white slave owners who grew rich from trading, breeding, and exploiting their bodies. With no consideration of blood ties or emotional bonds, black families were broken apart. Stripped of rights, dignity, and human status, these African citizens and their millions of American descendents were brutalized in the most vicious slavery system on the planet, one whose ugly legacy continues to dominate and poison the US.

As colonists became increasingly autonomous from the monarchy abroad, and British military occupation and oppression subsequently increased, the conflict between Empire and its unruly subjects – dramatized in events such as the Boston Tea Party in 1773 -- inexorably led to war. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence which asserted the “self-evident” truth that “all men are created equal” and “are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights.” Along with progressive whites such as Thomas Paine and Abigail Adams, slaves were quick to denounce the hypocrisy whereby colonists such as Thomas Jefferson railed against British tyranny while owning slaves drawn from a system far more repressive than English monarchy.

Whereas many blacks fought for the British who promised them freedom, others fought courageously for the patriot cause and were crucial to its victory. When the war ended in 1783, social relations and racial views were in great flux. Tens of thousands of slaves fled to England, Canada, Spanish Florida, or Indian camps. Many Northern slaveholders who embraced the nation’s egalitarian values without regard to race freed their captives. In 1783, Massachusetts became the first state to abolish slavery and from 1789 to 1830 all states north of Maryland gradually followed suit. At the same time, however, slavery grew stronger roots in Southern states that were becoming increasingly influential economically and politically.

The new nation stood at a crucial moral crossroads regarding the slavery question and the true meaning of its professed democratic and Christian values. It could end slavery and adhere to its noble ideals, or it could perpetuate a vicious system of bondage to be an American hypocrisy not democracy. Tragically, the profit imperative triumphed over the moral imperative. Although the North continuously pandered to Southern slavery interests, the two cultures drifted apart irreconcilably like shifting tectonic plates. Rather than pulling together as one nation honoring the progressive values that led them to war, the US imploded through internal contradictions and in 1861 embarked on a bloody war with itself.

The Roar of Abolitionism

With freedom denied and justice betrayed, both free and enslaved blacks intensified their resistance to white oppression. Increasingly, opponents of slavery turned from tactics of reform and moderation to demands for the total and immediate dismantling of the slavery system, and thus, in the 1830s, the abolitionist movement was born.

Abolitionism is rooted in a searing critique of racism and its dehumanizing effects on black people. In the US slavery market, a human being, on the basis of skin color alone, was declared biologically and naturally inferior to whites and thereby stripped of all rights. In such a system, the slave is transmogrified from a human subject into a physical object, from a person into a commodity, and thereby reduced to a moveable form of property known as “chattel.” Abolitionists viewed the institution of slavery as inherently evil, corrupt, and dehumanizing, such that no black person in bondage – however well-treated by their “masters” – could ever attain the full dignity, intelligence, and creativity of their humanity. Abolitionists renounced all reformist approaches that sought better or more “humane treatment” of slaves, in order to insist on the total emancipation of blacks from the chains, masters, laws, courts, and ideologies that corrupted, stunted, and profaned their humanity.

The most militant abolitionist voices advocated the use of violence as a necessary or legitimate tactic of struggle and self-defense. In 1829, David Walker published his “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World,” a fiery eighty page pamphlet excoriating slavery and calling blacks to violent rebellion. Similarly, in his 1843 keynote address to the National Convention of Colored Citizens, Presbyterian minister Henry Highland Garnet enjoined the nation’s three million blacks to demand freedom and strike their oppressors down if necessary, for “there is not much hope of redemption without the shedding of blood.”

Along with the Haitian Revolution of August 22 1791, whereby black slaves violently overthrew Spanish and British occupiers to establish Haiti as a free black republic, such views panicked US slave owners over the possibility of slave revolts and violence. Their fears were justified, as blacks throughout the country were plotting and carrying out rebellions, achieving with bullets, machetes, or fire the justice denied to them in the courts. Whereas rebels such as Gabriel Prosser and Denmark Vesey were betrayed and executed before they could ignite large-scale insurrections, others like Nat Turner and John Brown (a white Christian) spilled the blood of many slave owners before being captured and executed by the state, and resurrected as folk heroes by the enemies of slavery.

Other influential voices urged militancy and direct action without violence. William Lloyd Garrison, a former indentured white servant, started a prominent abolitionist newsletter, the Liberator, on January 1, 1831, which he published for thirty five years. Against those urging slow, gradual, and moderate change, Garrison objected: “I do not wish to think, to speak, or write, with moderation … Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present!’’

Garrison also brought Frederick Douglass into the abolitionist movement. Douglass was born into slavery, became self-educated, and fled from bondage. With Garrison’s initial assistance, he became a star on the lecture circuit and in 1848 began publishing his own abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. In his electrifying speeches, Douglass preached a potent “gospel of struggle,” most eloquently expressed in an 1857 speech that exposed the Machiavellian essence of politics: “Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and never will … The whole history of the progress of human liberty shows that all concessions yet made to her august claims have been born of earnest struggle … If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its waters.”

A vital part of the abolitionist movement was the Underground Railroad, a furtive, illegal network of volunteers – white and black, male and female, free person and slave – who violated pro-slavery laws in order to smuggle thousands of slaves into northern Free states and Canada. Harriet Tubman not only was a “passenger” on the railroad, using it to escape slavery in 1849 at age 25, she also became its celebrated “Conductor.” Risking jail or death, dodging slave hunters out for the $40,000 bounty on her head, Tubman returned to Maryland numerous times to free family members and seventy other slaves. She epitomizes the courage, passion for freedom, and acute sense of justice driving the abolitionist movement.

After the Civil War ended in 1865, Congress passed the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, thereby banning slavery and mandating equal treatment for blacks and whites. By the late 1880s, blacks throughout the nation were formally “free,” but in reality they remained trapped in racist systems of violence, exploitation, and poverty. Despite advances during the brief Reconstruction Period, America reconstituted racist discrimination in frightful new ways. As the US became an apartheid system organized around Jim Crow segregation laws, violence against blacks increased dramatically through lynch mobs and the Ku Klux Klan. Not until the civil rights struggles of the 1950s and 1960s and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did brutality diminish, the walls of apartheid come down, and significant social progress become possible.

The New Abolitionism

As black Americans and anti-racists continue to struggle for justice and equality, the moral and political spotlight is shifting to a far more ancient, pervasive, intensive, and violent form of slavery that confines, tortures, and kills animals by the billions in an ongoing global holocaust.

We speak of animal liberation no differently than human liberation. One cannot “enslave,” “dominate,” or “exploit” physical objects, nor can they be “freed,” “liberated,” or “emancipated.” These terms apply only to organic life forms that are sentient – to beings who can experience pleasure and pain, happiness or suffering. Quite apart from species differences and arbitrary attempts to privilege human powers of reason and language over the unique qualities of animal life, human and nonhuman animals share the same evolutionary capacities for joy or suffering, and in this respect they are essentially the same or equal.

Fundamentally, ethics demands that one not cause suffering to another being or impede another’s freedom and quality of life, unless there is some valid, compelling reason to do so (e.g., self-defense). For all the voluminous scientific literature on the complexity of animal emotions, intelligence, and social life, a being’s capacity for sentience is a necessary and sufficient condition for having basic rights.

Thus, just as animals can be enslaved, so too can they be liberated; indeed, where animals are enslaved, humans arguably have a duty to liberate them. Answering this call of conscience and duty, animal liberation groups have sprouted throughout the world with the objectives of freeing captive animals from systems of exploitation, attacking and dismantling the economic and material basis of oppression, and challenging the ancient mentality that animals exist as human resources, property, or and chattel.

Stealing blacks from their native environment and homeland, wrapping chains around their bodies, shipping them in cramped quarters across continents for weeks or months with no regard for their suffering, branding their skin with a hot iron to mark them as property, auctioning them as servants, separating family members who scream in anguish, breeding them for service and labor, exploiting them for profit, beating them in rages of hatred and anger, and killing them in huge numbers – all these horrors and countless others inflicted on black slaves began with the exploitation of animals. Advanced by technology and propelled by capitalist profit imperatives, the unspeakably violent violation of animals’ emotions, minds, and bodies continues today with the torture and killing of billions of individuals in fur farms, factory farms, slaughterhouses, research laboratories, and other nightmarish settings.

It is time no longer just to question the crime of treating a black person, Jew, or any other human victim of violence “like an animal”; rather, we must also scrutinize the unquestioned assumption that it is acceptable to exploit and terrorize animals.

Whereas the racist mindset creates a hierarchy of superior/inferior on the basis of skin color, the speciesist mindset demeans and objectifies animals by dichotomizing the evolutionary continuum into human and nonhuman life. As racism stems from a hateful white supremacism, so speciesism draws from a violent human supremacism, namely, the arrogant belief that humans have a natural or God-given right to use animals for any purpose they devise.

Both racism and speciesism serve as legitimating ideologies for slavery economies. After the civil war, the Cotton Economy became the Cattle Economy as the nation moved westward, slaughtered millions of Indians and sixty million buffalo, and began intensive operations to raise and slaughter cattle for food. Throughout the twentieth century, as the US shifted from a plant-based to a meat-based diet, meat and dairy industries became giant economic forces. In the last few decades, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have become major components of global capitalist networks, and their research and testing operations are rooted in the breeding, exploitation, and killing of millions of laboratory animals each year

Of course, as soon as Homo erectus began making tools nearly three million years ago, hominids have killed and appropriated animals for labor power, food, clothing, and innumerable other resources, and animal exploitation has been crucial to human economies. But whatever legitimate reasons humans had for using animals to survive in past hunting and gathering societies, subsistence economies, and other low-tech cultures, these rationales are now obsolete in a modern world rife with alternatives to using animals for food, clothing, and medical research. Furthermore, however important the exploitation of animals might be to modern economies, utilitarian apologies for enslaving animals are as invalid as arguments used to justify human slavery or experimentation on human beings at Auschwitz or Tuskegee. Rights trump utilitarian appeals; their very function is to protect individuals from being appropriated for someone else’s or a “greater good.”

The Subterfuge of Welfarism

It was not uncommon for a racist to argue that slavery was beneficial for blacks or that they were biologically unfit for freedom. Similarly, factory farm managers claim that pigs, calves, and chickens are better off in conditions of intense confinement rather than in their natural habitat as their “needs are met” in “managed environments.” Zookeepers and circus operators assert that their animals live better in confinement that in the wild where they are subject to poachers and other dangers.

Abolitionists attack welfarism as a dangerous ruse and roadblock to moral progress, and ground their position in the logic of rights. 19th century abolitionists were not addressing the slave master’s “obligation” to be kind to the slaves, to feed and clothe them well, or to work them with adequate rest. Rather, they demanded the total and unqualified eradication of the master-slave relation, the freeing of the slave from all forms of bondage.

Similarly, the new abolitionists reject reforms of the institutions and practices of animal slavery as grossly inadequate and they pursue the complete emancipation of animals from all forms of human exploitation, subjugation, and domination. They seek not bigger cages, but rather empty cages.

To treat black slaves humanely is a contradiction in terms because the institution of slavery inherently is anti-human and dehumanizing. Similarly, one cannot logically be “kind” to animals kept in debilitating confinement against their will. To “act responsibly” to animals in such a situation requires one liberate them from it. Talk of “humane killing” of animals is especially absurd as there is no “humane” way to steal and violate an animal’s life, and subject it to continual pain and suffering. No accurately aimed bolt shot through the head of an animal warrants pretense to any kind of moral dignity, however superior the killing method is to dismemberment of an animal in a conscious state. Killing itself – unnecessary and unjustified – is inhumane and wrong.

While thousands of national and grass-roots animal welfare organizations help animals in countless ways and reduce their suffering, they cannot free them from exploitation. Welfarists never challenge the legitimacy of institutions of oppression and they share with animal exploiters the speciesist belief that humans have a right to use animals as resources as long as they act “responsibly.” Moral progress and animal liberation is premised on making the profound shift from human responsibility to animals to the rights of animals.

The true obstacles to moral progress are not the sociopaths who burn cats alive, for they are an extreme minority whose actions are almost universally condemned as barbaric. The real barrier to animal liberation is the welfarist orientation and its language of “humane care,” “responsible treatment,” and “kindness and respect.” Every institution of animal exploitation – including the fur farm and slaughterhouse industries -- speaks this language, and animals in their “care” are routinely tortured in horrific ways, Animal welfarism is insidious. It lulls people into thinking that animals in captivity are healthy and content. It promotes human supremacy and tries to dress up the fundamental wrong of exploiting animals in the illusory language of “kind,” “respectful,” and “humane treatment.” Attempting to mask and sanitize the evil of oppression, animal welfarism perverts language, corrupts meaning, and is fundamentally Orwellian and deceptive.

Furthermore, by trying to hijack and monopolize the discourse of moral responsibility solely for its own purposes as it feigns ethical behavior, animal welfarism strategically positions animal rights discourse of any kind – because of the premise that animals are not our resources to use – as extreme. And if an animal rights advocate or organization transgresses conservative decorum or legal boundaries in any way, welfarists denounce the tactics as “violent” and “terrorist,” as measures that “discredit” an otherwise respectable concern for animal welfare.

In Defense of Direct Action

Although abolitionism is rooted in the logic of rights, not welfarism, there are problems with some animal rights positions that also must be overcome. First, as emphasized by Gary Francione, many individuals and organizations that champion animal rights in fact are “new welfarists” who speak in terms of rights but in practice seek welfare reforms and thereby seek to ameliorate, not abolish, oppression. While Francione underplays the complex relationship between welfare and rights, reform and abolition, he illuminates the problem of obscuring fundamental differences between welfare and rights approaches and he correctly insists on the need for uncompromising abolitionist campaigns.

Francione, however, is symptomatic of a second problem with animal rights “legalists” who buy into the status quo’s self-serving argument that the only viable and ethically acceptable tactics for a moral or political cause are those the state pre-approves and sanctions. In rejecting the militant direct action tactics that played crucial roles throughout the struggles to end both human and animal slavery, Francione and others use the same rationale animal welfarists employ against them. Mirroring welfare critiques of rights, and serving as a mouthpiece for the state and animal exploitation industries, Francione criticizes direct activists as radical, extreme, and damaging to the moral credibility and advancement of the cause.

Like its predecessor, the new abolitionist movement is diverse in its philosophy and tactics, ranging from legal to illegal approaches and pacifist to violent orientations. A paradigmatic example of the new abolitionism is the Animal Liberation Front (ALF). ALF activists pursue two different types of tactics against animal exploiters. First, they use sabotage or property destruction to strike at their economic heart and make it less profitable or impossible to use animals. The ALF insists that its methods are non-violent because they only attack the property of animal exploiters, and never the exploiters themselves. They thereby eschew the violence espoused by Walker and Garnet. The ALF argues that the real violence is what is done to animals in the name of research or profit. Second, in direct and immediate acts of liberation, the ALF breaks into prison compounds to release or rescue animals from their cages. They are not “stealing” animals, because they are not property and anyone’s to own in the first place; rather, they are liberating them. By providing veterinary treatment and homes for many of the animals they liberate, using an extensive underground network of care and home providers, the ALF is a superb contemporary example of the Underground Railroad that funneled black slaves to freedom.

The new abolitionism also is evident in the work of “open rescue” groups like Compassion Over Killing who liberate animals from factory farms without causing property destruction or hiding behind masks of anonymity. Moreover, ethical vegans who boycott all animal products for the principle reason that it is wrong to use or kill animals as food resources, however “free-range” or “humanely” produced or killed, abolish cruelty from their lives and contribute toward eliminating animal exploitation altogether.

As of yet, there are no active Nat Turners and John Browns in the animal liberation movement, but they may be forthcoming and would not be without just cause for their actions. Nor would they be without precedent. According to the gospel of struggle: No justice, no peace.

The Meaning of Moral Progress

Just as nineteenth century abolitionists sought to awaken people to the greatest moral issue of the day, so the new abolitionists of the 21st century endeavor to enlighten people about the enormity and importance of animal suffering and oppression. As black slavery earlier raised fundamental questions about the meaning of American “democracy” and modern values, so current discussion regarding animal slavery provokes critical examination into a human psyche damaged by violence, arrogance, and alienation, and the urgent need for a new ethics and sensibility rooted in respect for all life.

Animal liberation is not an alien concept to modern culture; rather it builds on the most progressive ethical and political values Westerners have devised in the last two hundred years --those of equality, democracy, and rights – as it carries them to their logical conclusion. Whereas ethicists such as Arthur Kaplan argue that rights are cheapened when extended to animals, it is far more accurate to see this move as the redemption of rights from an arbitrary and prejudicial limitation of their true meaning.

The next great step in moral evolution is to abolish the last acceptable form of slavery that subjugates the vast majority of species on this planet to the violent whim of one. Moral advance today involves sending human supremacy to the same refuse bin that society earlier discarded much male supremacy and white supremacy. Animal liberation requires that people transcend the complacent boundaries of humanism in order to make a qualitative leap in ethical consideration, thereby moving the moral bar from reason and language to sentience and subjectivity.

Animal liberation is the culmination of a vast historical learning process whereby human beings gradually realize that arguments justifying hierarchy, inequality, and discrimination of any kind are arbitrary, baseless, and fallacious. Moral progress occurs in the process of demystifying and deconstructing all myths -- from ancient patriarchy and the divine right of kings to Social Darwinism and speciesism -- that attempt to legitimate the domination of one group over another. Moral progress advances through the dynamic of replacing hierarchical visions with egalitarian visions and developing a broader and more inclusive ethical community. Having recognized the illogical and unjustifiable rationales used to oppress blacks, women, and other disadvantaged groups, society is beginning to grasp that speciesism is another unsubstantiated form of oppression and discrimination.

Building on the momentum, consciousness, and achievements of past abolitionists and suffragettes, the struggle of the new abolitionists might conceivably culminate in a Bill of (Animal) Rights. This would involve a constitutional amendment that bans exploitation of animals and discrimination based on species, recognizes animals as “persons in a substantive sense, and grants them the rights relevant and necessary to their existence – the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In 2002, Germany took the crucial first step in this direction by adding the words “and animals” to a clause in its constitution obliging the state to protect the dignity of humans.

If capitalism is a grow-or-die system based on slavery and exploitation – be it imperialism and colonialism, exploitation of workers, unequal pay based on gender, or the oppression of animals – then it is a system a movement for radical democracy must transcend, not amend. But just as black slaves condemned the hypocrisy of colonists decrying British tyranny, and suffragettes exposed the contradiction of the US fighting for democracy abroad during World War I while denying it to half of their citizenry at home, so any future movement for peace, justice, democracy, and rights that fails to militate for the liberation of animals is as inconsistent as it is incomplete,

[writing-maddnezz]

Where is the USA on this scale?

Recently I have discovered a scale that can rank the severity of genocide of a race. And while reading it, my mind was immediately drawn to the current affairs that was happening in America. This post may seem offensive, but it only seems so as it is confrontive and made by an outside viewer.

I am not American and I look at the current state of a country I have never even set foot in and compare it to a random scale I have found, and I am disgusted.

Anyways here is the picture and I will show evidence explaining why I believe things need to be changed.

Originally the photo had ‘7’ circled but I believe we are beyond that point.

10 Denial

For many years if a reporter or any person that has asked Donald Trump the question if has had/have an agenda against other races he would respond with,

“I am the least racist person that you’ve ever encountered,” - this particular phrasing is from A Vox.com article on Trumps history, (link below with other sources).

This is the same man who made an electoral speech by saying that he would built oh, so famous wall to block of the American-Mexican border. This is also the man who called Mexican Immigrant people, ‘Rapists’, ‘criminals’ and wants to make a ban on all Muslim people who wish to enter the country.

Yes, I know there are cases where a minute minority of a particular race has entered the country with bad intentions. But what about the people who are already in the country with bad intentions? I mean the white supremicists, who take it upon themselves to hurt other Americans.

Trumps has also made jokes about the TRAIL OF TEARS!!! I am not Native American, I do not claim to know the pain what their community feels or their ancestors felt in this particular topic. But from my standpoint I can fairly say that is disgusting, disrespectful, appalling, vile, repulsive and completely disregarding to generations of people who were deeply affected and still are. This is not acceptable from ANYONE!

9 Extermination

If you need evidence of extermination, pull out a textbook and read.

When America was first invaded, they took the land and slaughtered the natives.

When America had slaves, they slaughtered the misbehaved.

When America tried to ‘free’ their slaves. They slaughtered each other.

When World War 1 had taken place America help slaughter soldiers

When World War 2 had taken place, they also had camps for the Japanese.

When America bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, between 150,000 and 256,000 people and still affects the Japanese population to this date.

Did people forget America Napalm attacked people during the war had killed aroun 100,000 people?

Did people also forget the First International Eugenics Congress was in New York?

How about the fact it took until the 1950’s before African Americans had rights? Or that many people had died trying to make sure that happened?

When America looked at the peaceful protests and responded with violence.

When America’s own CIA set up and sold crack into black comminities to make their voices have no strength?

When America went to war in Vietnam, leaving its own people mentally broken and the populace horrified. And ignored the soldiers in the end?

When America went to war with Korea?

The war with Iraq? Iran? Afghanistan? What about those wars?

America was built on the blood that it spills.

8 Persecution

Before the Civil arights movement African American people were being tortured and killed just because they didn’t have a law to protect them. They had laws against them.

Please remember the killing of Emmet Till, they kid killed and tortured so horribly they recommended to have a closed casket. His mother said no. Show the world what it is doing to our children.

Tell me that was a justified killing. He supposedly ‘Wolf whistled’ at a woman.

Today man are raping and sexually assuring women in thousands with no punishment. (This deserves its own post).

Please remember the Central Park 5, who were cleared of charges, the case has been settled due to the DNA evidence clearly showing that it wasn’t them. Trump still stays on his opinion that they are guilty.

Persecution through the means of falsely advertising theories as facts is constitutionally wrong.

7 Preparation

https://www.google.com.au/amp/s/time.com/5619800/drawings-migrant-children-border-detention-aap/%3famp=true

In 1931 about 1 million Mexican Immigrants and American Mexcian people were forcibly deported from America for stealing American jobs. Does this sound familiar?

In Mexico there is a long time battled drug war that is forcing people out of the country out of fear for their lives and their children’s lives. When they are denied access to The US they forcibly put in the town Reynosa. A key town in the drug wars. Endangering them once again. They fear death, torture, rape, and kidnapping.

Recently there have been reports of parents being deported back to Mexico and their children being ripped from them. These children are then ‘adopted’ or taken to be held in detention centres. The children in the centres are being forced to sleep in purposefully adjusted cold room with insufficient blankets, no pillows, no bed and in rooms with dozens of other children facing the exact same scenario.

The kids were asked to draw their experiences and every single one of them drew bars, and prison like conditions. The republican Congressman Jim Hargedon said “These are not concentration camps— no they’re not.” He also said they “can leave”. NO THEY CAN’T! Only if they make eligibility or ‘bail’ can they leave. How are they not camps?

I’m only at 7 and this is already a long list that I am actually already fuming over. Because the only people who would sit down and read this, are the ones who don’t need to see it. I will make multiple posts. Until it is everywhere. I’m done being passive.

Reblog this, like this, and comments on this to help me explain why we need to change. Stop being passive, it’s time to take action.

Here is my sources for this part

https://www.google.com.au/amp/s/www.vox.com/platform/amp/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882688/#!po=0.224215

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/08/13/the-time-a-president-deported-1-million-mexican-americans-for-stealing-u-s-jobs/?utm_term=.a74928fe1502

https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/02/11/mexico-and-immigration-to-us/

https://www.google.com.au/amp/s/mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKCN1PQ5M7

https://www.google.com.au/amp/s/time.com/5619800/drawings-migrant-children-border-detention-aap/%3famp=true

[thewebofslime]

If ever you needed a clearer example of the mainstream media’s intentions in this country, you just need compare the amount of coverage given to the 2019 measles non-crisis—used to bolster vaccine manufacturers’ bottom lines while calling for the silencing of those who advocate for vaccine safety—versus the 18,000 children who will go missing from government run “protection care” this year—many of whom will be sold into sex slavery. As the Google trend analysis below shows, the former received a ridiculous amount of coverage while the latter received almost zero. Unless you’ve been under a rock lately, you’ve probably noticed the utter hysteria over the measles “epidemic” being shoved down the collective throats of America. If one were to unquestioningly buy into said hysteria you’d think a deadly epidemic is sweeping the nation and children are dropping dead left and right. But that’s simply not true and the reality is there is no epidemic and no one has died. According to the current numbers from the CDC, there have been just 159 people in the country to report contracting the measles in 10 states. As a result of the hysterical coverage, however, a widespread war on those who advocate for informed consent has been waged. For a few dozens cases of measles, Washington declared a state of emergency and media coverage has been devoted round the clock. To reiterate, as of February 21, 2019, there were only 159 cases of measles confirmed in the entire country, prompting hysteria. But when 18,000 kids a year go missing, many of them being sold into sex slavery, we hear nothing but crickets from these same people. It is true that some of these kids will run away, others will escape to get away from abuse, and some will get involved with the wrong crowd and follow along. However, many others are outright stolen or kidnapped and end up being sold on the black market like a commodity. Equally as disturbing as these children going missing is the fact that no one cares to go looking for them, making them easy prey for human traffickers and predators. In fact, in some states, if one of these children goes missing for over 6 months, they are removed from the system entirely and those responsible for them couldn’t care less. As Darcy Olsen writes for Arizona Central, “giving up on finding a child after six months is contrary to the very purpose of being a guardian. Closing the books also gives predators a green light: If you can keep a kid hidden for six months, you’re home free. Predators should know that we will never give up on finding these children — ever.” While the media is incorrectly referring to the measles outbreak as an epidemic, the epidemic of child sex abuse is very real. The fact is that America has a dark secret that no one wants to admit. Talk of this secret will get you labelled as a conspiracy theorist, fake news, and outlets who report on it will have their organic reach throttled by social media and Google alike. Despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary, many in the mainstream media and the government refuse to see this very real epidemic of child sex trafficking in the United States. What’s more, according to the government’s own data, the vast majority of a portion of these trafficked kids are coming from the government system who promises to keep them safe—a horrifying irony indeed. But it appears to be set up this way. This system is set up to pull children from their families for ridiculous reasons and turn them over to for profit systems—funded by your tax dollars—that use these children as cash cows and have no incentive to keep them safe. In 1984, the United States Congress established the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC), and, as part of Missing Children’s Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013 they receive $40 million to study and track missing and trafficked children in the United States. In 2017, NCMEC assisted law enforcement with over 27,000 cases of missing children, the majority who were considered endangered runaways. According to their most recent report complied from FBI data and their own, of the nearly 25,000 runaways reported to NCMEC in 2017, one in seven were likely victims of child sex trafficking. Of those, 88 percent were in the care of social services when they went missing. Showing the scope of the abuse, in 2017 alone, NCMEC’s CyberTipline, a national mechanism for the public and electronic service providers to report instances of suspected child sexual exploitation, received over 10 million reports. According to NCMEC, most of these tips were related to the following: Apparent child sexual abuse images. Online enticement, including “sextortion.” Child sex trafficking. Child sexual molestation. Other governmental organizations have corroborated this horrifying trend. In a 2013 FBI 70-city nationwide raid, 60 percent of the victims came from foster care or group homes. In 2014, New York authorities estimated that 85 percent of sex trafficking victims were previously in the child welfare system. In 2012, Connecticut police rescued 88 children from sex trafficking; 86 were from the child welfare system. Equally as disturbing as the fact that most sex trafficked kids come from within the system is the fact that the FBI discovered in a 2014 nationwide raid that many foster children rescued from sex traffickers, including children as young as 11, were never reported missing by child welfare authorities. Even high-level government officials have been ensnared in these foster care abuse scandals. As TFTP previously reported, multiple victims came forward and accused Seattle Mayor Ed Murray of sexually abusing them when they were children in Washington’s foster care system. The records in that case, dating back to 1984, explicitly noted that Ed Murray should “never again be utilized as a certified CSD resource for children.” It also showed that a criminal case was brought against Murray by prosecutors but in spite of the multiple accusations, charges were somehow never filed and his records buried. As Snopes and the mainstream media in general attempts to smear those who try to call attention to alleged and very real child trafficking, the government’s own data shows how irresponsible this is. While there are certainly some outlandish theories being presented online, the facts are outlandish enough to warrant serious scrutiny. Until this epidemic is taken seriously, the government, the media, and all those who deny it will remain complicit in keeping it going. As Michael Dolce, who specializes in these horrific child abuse cases, pointed out last year, “we have set up a system to sex traffic American children.” Indeed, and, whether or not it is deliberate, sensationalizing a measles non-crisis is perfect cover to keep that system going.

[marleybuddz-blog]

Your immoral oppressors gave you your religion, bible, history and education. They also control all of your statistics, national narratives and media image. Only the extremely naive, the most feeble minded, or a damn fool would not question their beliefs constructed under these circumstances! If you're unwilling to question your beliefs you will never know if your following the truth or lies. If a person is born ignorant, to parents that are ignorant, in a society that is ignorant, lives a life of ignorance, then ignorance becomes the norm. Thus indoctrination can be called education, and lies can be called truth. Because this person never knew the truth-therefore their mind was never their own. Unfortunately this is the case for most we that are the descendants of African slaves, as well as for we colonized Africans living within the continent of Africa. We have been stripped of our true history, and knowledge of self. The history taught to us by whites are entirely lies designed to serve and protect their own interests. Imagine that greedy, barbaric invaders had broken into a home to rob it of all its natural resources and wealth. Then while leaving the home in ruins, these invaders kidnapped the children from the home to work as their slaves. These invaders, fearing an eventual retribution from the enslaved children, would logically find it necessary to implement systems to ensure that the children would remain loyal to them, and never hold him accountable for their actions. Because while the invaders, through their military strength can rob and the destroy the children's home, they cannot win their loyalty, or sustain peace with them for long unless systems are put in place to keep the enslaved children loyal, or to suppress dissent among them. To protect themselves from retribution, from these enslaved children, the invaders would have to develop a way of controlling them. To control these enslaved children the invaders must first make them think less of themselves, the lesser that they think of themselves the more compliant they become with the invaders dominance over their lives. This process would require that the invaders retell the details surrounding the events of the invasion of the ancestral home of the enslaved children. The invaders would have to revamp the facts of their crimes by telling the enslaved children that they merely rescued them from a dilapidated home where they were unwanted by their parents. The enslaved children may also be told that their parents merely sold them away. The invaders may also find it necessary to make the enslaved children embarrassed to be associated with their past home. To do this the invaders would routinely show to enslaved children demoralizing pictures of their ruined former home. This would cause the children to perceive their invader as a rescuer rather than their enslavers. This would cause the enslaved children to develop an undeserving sense of loyalty and appreciation towards their invaders. It would make them remain compliant with their invaders dominance over their lives. It was also hinder the enslaved children from demanding from the oppressive invaders the debt truly owed to them. This psychological warfare conditioning is literally was has been done to we African people globally by whites. It's in fact the worst and most unknown aspect of our African holocaust. To preserve white dominance, and to protect white society from Black retribution the ruling white elites implemented the world's most elaborate psychological warfare program in history against Black people. The history taught to African people globally by whites have been heavily revised to protect the interests of white societies. It is filled with many lies that intentionally hides the many been great achievements of African civilizations throughout history. White historians cannot teach the true great history of Africa to Black people because to do so they would then have to admit that they interrupted that great history. They also can't do so because it would also reveal that Europeans have been the most brutalist enemies of Black people throughout history. Furthermore, it would reveal the immense debt that the white world truly owes Africa and its people. So the white ruling elites implemented an elaborate black racially demoralizing psychological warfare program that literally makes millions of African Americans believe that they're the lucky ones to have been taken away from the backwardness of Africa. This is achieved by constantly inundating African Americans with negative depictions of Africa that are designed to make them ashamed of their African heritage. Within this programming African Americans are being constantly subjected--through the white controlled media--to seeing war-torn, famine-ridden, rampantly illiterate, and disease-stricken images of Africa. They are rarely,if ever, shown the beautiful and wealthy cities in Africa. These deplorable depictions of Africa displaying only its poorest and dangerous communities are in fact designed to embarrass and humiliate African Americans. Moreover, it makes them feel grateful that it was their ancestors that were enslaved and bought to America. They are being subconsciously told that they're the lucky ones to have been taken away from the backwardness of Africa. African Americans are also inundated with negative disinformation that are designed to make them ashamed of their African heritage. An example of this is seen in the falsehood perpetuated by whites that Africa, before the the arrival of white slave traders, was uncivilized and illiterate and therefore Africa has no written history. This is however, totally untrue. The Timbuktu University in Mali, Africa library is older than any of those found within the Western world. Its University and its Library are older than any of those found within the Western world. It was composed of three schools, namely the Masajid of Djinguereber, the Masajid of Sidi Yahya, and the Masajid of Sankore. During the 12th century, the university had an enrollment of around 25,000 students from Africa. In Timbuktu, there are about 700,000 surviving books. They are written in Mande, Suqi, Fulani, Timbuctu, and Sudani. The contents of the manuscripts include math, medicine, poetry, law and astronomy. This work was the first encyclopedia in the 14th century before the Europeans got the idea later in the 18th century, 4 centuries later. The false derogatory narrative that Africans were illiterate and uncivilized before the arrival of whites is a necessary in order for Europeans to maintain their psychological dominance over Africans. For oppressors to maintain their dominance over the oppressed they must keep the oppressed to believing that they are inferior to their oppressors. The white elites commitment to this ongoing racial demoralization of Black people is the true reason why they won't acknowledge the ancient Egyptians were in Black even in the face of such a preponderance of evidence. Although Egypt is a country thousands of miles well within the African continent, and although all of its Pyramids, and the Great Sphinx, were built by Africans thousands of years long before the first Arabs arrived there in the 7th century, and although the tombs are filled with countless of evidence that the ancient Egyptians were Black [including Black bodies containing African DNA], white scholars adamantly refuses to acknowledge the preponderance the ancient Egyptians were Black. The white elite's unrelentingly commitment to maintaining their psychological dominance over the Black world, necessitate that they never acknowledged it publicly that the ancient Egyptians were Black--nor will they acknowledge any other significants historical contribution made to by Africans either for that matter. It is a psychological warfare program. You see the white ruling elites cannot teach the true great history of Africa to Black people and continue their oppression of them. Because when a people are taught of their true greatness they no longer accept their oppression. The rise of their collective self images and self esteem tells them to say " Hell No We Ain't Takin' This Anymore! This a psychological fact-of the collective group mind- within the human condition. Therefore, for oppressors to maintain their dominance over the oppressed they must keep the oppressed to believing lesser of themselves. AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE ALSO BEEN LIED TO ABOUT SLAVERY: The participation of Africans in the African slave trade has also been greatly exaggerated to reduce white culpability in the slave trade. White historians depictions of the African slave trade also intentionally miseducates African Americans to believe that most of their African ancestors were merely sold away to the white invader. Their depiction of the African Slave trade deliberately hides the brutal massacre of countless of African Warriors that died in battle trying to rescuing their captured love ones. The number of Africans that died in battles fought against the white invaders far exceeded, many times over, the number of any African's that may have assisted in the slave trade. The hiding of these fierce battles and massacres is deliberately done to perpetuate the falsehood that most African Americans where sold away by their ancestors. However, to believe that the greedy white invaders ( they that bloodily brutalized our ancestors during their enslavement in the U.S.) went into Africa with weaponry advantage [of guns and cannons] but rather than maximizing their profits chosen instead to purchase most of their slaves is absolutely preposterous. Because such a claim totally contradicts 400 years of demonstrated behavior by whites in regards to Black people and making profit. Furthermore, If Africa has all the resources of gold, diamonds, ivory , animal fur, spices and minerals and western money meant nothing in Africa what could the white invaders used to buy MOST of the slaves with? Cleary the majority of slaves were not sold or given to the white invaders. That's the convenient lie that whites rewrote into history. To believe that story a person has to be totally ignorant of the white race's history of being brutally greedy. Whenever your entire history has been taught to you by your former enslavers, and colonizers then everything that you've been taught are lies that have been rewritten to favor them. THE BIBLE WAS ACTUALLY A TOOL USED TO CONTROL THE MINDS OF BLACK PEOPLE: The slave masters were not trying to save African soul's when they converted them into Christians. This is irrefutably, because they perceived it that Africans had no souls, and that heaven was for whites only. In fact many slaveowners believed that the thought of black people going to heaven was as ridiculous as a dog going to heaven. When we logically look at the fact as they were, we can say with great certainty that the white slaveowners conversion of Africans into Christians had absolutely nothing to do with saving African souls. There was is another self serving reason why these racist slaveowners put their time, and energy into teaching Christianity to a people they otherwise treated so brutally. The reason was to indoctrinate the belief of a white God into their minds. "When the African slaves were taught, through Christianity, to worship a white Jesus as the messiah son of God, the logical concluded presumption was that if the son of God was white, then accordingly God, his father, is also white. The belief that God-- the greatest entity in the entire universe --is white produces a profound admiration of whiteness within the subconscious minds of Black people. This subconsciously happens without many even realizing it. This profound admiration of whiteness is then transferred-- often on a subconscious level--towards the entire white race. This made the slaves more docile, humble, and more loyal to their white masters. The effects of that brain washing scheme implemented hundreds of years ago, has been left uncorrected and un-removed for generations. It still continues upon the mind of millions of Black people today. It is the reason why you can presently visit many black churches and find its walls stubbornly adorned with pictures of only white deities. Furthermore, through Christianity million of Black people have been brainwashed to believe that all of the wrongs that whites have done to them throughout history, have been washed cleaned by the blood of a fictional white Jesus. Black people were also forced to become Christians, and then its doctrine was use to compel them to forgive whites for all the brutalities afflicted upon them by whites Christians. Note: whites never actually repented for their evil deeds committed against Black people they merely insisted that Black people, as good Christians, forgive them as their doctrine teaches. Furthermore, by teaching Black people that a white God sent down his white son to earth to die for them this literally makes millions of Black people feel indebted towards whites. Christianity has proven itself as being history's most successful propaganda tools used for controlling Black people. The Black slaves of the 21st century are not those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot unlearn the many lies they've been taught by whites. We must unlearn their false version of history because it is filled with lies designed to mentally enslaved the minds of Black people. BLACK PEOPLE ARE ALSO BEING CONTROLLED BY DEMORALIZING MEDIA PROGRAMMING It's no strange coincidence that countless numbers of Black people are now self hating, self doubting, perceives themselves as being their own worst enemies, and thinks favorable of whites in spite of a brutal history to the contrary. These perceptions, that clearly benefits white society, have been shrewdly indoctrinated into the minds of many Black people without them even realizing it. It is the deliberate result of white social engineering of Black minds through the usage of media propaganda. Presently there are white social engineering scientist and propaganda experts that works behind the scenes manipulating the perceptions and opinions of the Black masses according to the will of the ruling white elites. These men govern our minds, molds our opinions of the world, and of ourselves through the societal information they routinely present to us. People are easily controlled by the information they routinely receive about themselves. When people routinely receive positive affirming information about themselves this unifies and uplifts them. However, when people routinely receives negative demoralizing information about themselves, this makes them self hating, self doubting and divides them. It also makes them more compliant with their oppressor's dominance over their lives. This demoralizing conditioning process is what's being done to Black people, within white dominant societies. There is an immense fear of Black retribution that secretly exist among those white nations that benefited historically, and continues to do so presently, through their exploitation and mistreatment of Africa and its people globally. To protect themselves from Black retribution this system was developed and secretly implemented to control the minds of Black people. Therefore although today most Black people do not experience white racism the way as their grandparents experienced it, they do, however, still experience it. White racism is now deployed more sophisticatedly through media programming. The white media's unrelenting negative depictions of Black people-- that amplifies the negative to the point that it distort reality-- is much more than just bias media reporting. It is actually a black racially demoralizing psychological warfare program. Because whites controls all black statistics, national narratives, and even how the black image is depicted with the media these factors allows white social engineering scientist to negatively control what Black people believes about themselves. More specifically this allows them to shrewdly indoctrinate self contemptuous thoughts and ideologies into the collective minds of Black populations that serves and protects the interests of their white dominant society. The basis of this concept of warfare works by affecting the subconscious minds of the Black population through demoralizing propaganda. Its weapon is the demoralizing message that it carries and the way that it adversely affects the Black population in terms of their behavior. This system is deplored like a massive media marketing campaign that constantly subjects Black people to seeing only the fraudulent worst within themselves. Within this system fraudulent black racially demoralizing information is pumped unrelentingly into the unsuspecting minds of Black populations--without being challenged or counterbalanced by an equal amount Black positive racially affirming information. With time, being unable to refute nor confirm the constant negative messages and deficiencies about themselves, the Black population grows weary by them, and will eventually comes to accept these negative assessments of themselves. The taunting unconsciously influences how the Black population perceives themselves, subsequently causing them to become embarrassed of themselves, doubting themselves, hating themselves and, eventually, fighting among themselves. This warfare works by tapping into the immense power that shame has upon the human mind. This media programming system also conveys the subliminal message that Black people are there own worst enemy and therefore needs whites to govern over their lives. Moreover, that Black people should admire, respect, and trust only Whites. This system is extremely effective because when Black people are repetitively presented narratives and statistics from trusted white sources constantly conveying the message that whites are superior, and that they (Black people) are their own worst enemies it can be very difficult to resist it's implied propaganda programming. Especially when the propaganda is being told daily and so unrelentingly. This programming turns the collective frustrations and aggressions of Black people away from their white oppressors and turns them inward towards themselves. It also makes Black people more compliant white dominance over their lives. It doesn't matter if the information presented is untrue most Black people will act upon it because they have all been given the same misinformation about themselves. This psychological warfare system leads to Social Inversion. If the Black individual could be convinced to think the worst their group, the internalization of that negative perspective will cause the individual to think the worst of themselves, which leads the individual to subsequently wanting to change in order to separate themselves from the identity of their associated group. In short, propaganda is mental slavery. Those Black people that do not think critically--and question the validity of all information being constantly fed into their minds from entirely white sources--never notices what is being done to them. This is all possible because people are like a computers, all you have to do is keep giving them certain information every so often and you can persuade an entire generation towards an implied objective. Because the ruling white elites controls all Black statistics, national narratives, and even how Black people are depicted within the media these factors allows them to easily negatively control how Black people perceive themselves. When the past blatant racist systems, used for maintaining white dominance, became no longer socially unacceptable the ruling white elites secretly implemented this much more covert method for maintaining their white dominance. It is a method better suited for modern times. This system provides the white elite with a proficient method of control over Blacks given that it isn't easily recognized nor comprehended by many of its Black victims. For unlike the past blatant racist systems that Black people were easily able to identify and therefore develop counter strategies against, this system is not easily recognized nor comprehended by many of its Black victims. This psychological warfare program works so well in fact that it not only makes Black people more compliant with white dominance over their lives, it in fact makes many even prefer it.It is at the root of both the profound division and self hatred now afflicting so many Black people and is at the heart of internalized feelings of superiority that many whites possess. "The oppressed will always believe the worse about themselves" --Franz Fanon MANUFACTURED NATIONAL CONSENT TO MISTREAT BLACK POPULATIONS : The U.S. media's ongoing anti Black propaganda also creates a false justification for the U.S. legal system’s mistreatment of African Americans. It criminalizes and dehumanizes African Americans therefore facilitating consensual national setting of wherein which Blacks are disproportionately incarcerated, given stiffer sentences, and are more likely than other racial groups to be treated brutally, beaten, and fired upon by police officers while they are unarmed. However, these injustices now goes mostly ignored. Because the white media's created perception has subconsciously become that it’s all now justified. Whenever whites controls virtually all information it should come as no surprise that they would use this control in ways that serves their racist agendas against Black people. It should, in fact, be well expected; because for them not to use their control of information in ways that serve their white racist agendas, would be contrary of their history, and innate nature. Throughout western history empires that maintain their power, have done so by manipulating the oppressed- to keep them conquered. They go out of their way to make sure that the oppressed are perpetually misled and manipulated. Therefore the oppressed group’s perception of reality is not their own. It is shrewdly imposed upon them by their oppressors without them even knowing it. Today this heinous practice is still being done to Black people. Since virtually all information that millions of Black people receives daily comes from white sources this fact allows white social engineering scientists to control what millions of Black peoples believes. If you're allowing them to control what you think, then you're still their slave. Because they're using their control over information to indoctrinate thoughts and ideologies into the minds of Black people that serves the interests of the white society. If you don't believe that the ruling white elites uses their monopoly over information in ways that serves the interests of their white dominant society then you're either extremely naive, or very foolish. By Franklin Jones, the Black Matrix. WAKE UP!, wake up!!! This article is from the book the Black Matrix by Franklin Jones. The Black Matrix Learn more at www.theblackpeoplematrix.com or visit the FaceBook page entitled The Black Matrix: Perception Management Program Designed to Control Black People.

[sallyalmufti-blog]

religion and politics

7-The abuse of the Great Prophet Mohammed (pbh), vs. freedom of speech

Islamic and Arab reactions were limited to the recent abuse by a Danish newspaper of publishing caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad on a series of official statements that did show a respectful picture about the prophet Mohammed (pbh) and it caused harm in the hearts of Muslims everywhere.

perhaps because of the failure of many official and civil authorities to take a firm stand or to resort to the best ways to respond to the obvious insult to Islam and Muslims; the Danish government and some other extremist media, in the abuse, by reprinting the cartoons again in a magazine. The Danish prime minister refused to meet with Arab and Islamic figures to talk about the position of Islamic countries on the event, as well as the rejection of a lawsuit in a local court in Denmark; Claiming that there is no law criminalizing what the local newspaper did.

 Fickle crisis:

Denmark's Danish newspaper, Jyllands-Posten, published on September 30, 2006, a competition to select the best caricature of the Prophet Muhammad.

According to the newspaper, which defended the idea as "intellectual freedom," or what we called here freedom of speech it received more than 30 drawings, claiming 12 of them won (!!), before publishing these drawings on the pages of her footsteps.

 The abuse was not the first in the history of exposure to Islam and Muslims in Western countries, but the persistence of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which Muslims love more than themselves , caused a large reaction to Muslims everywhere, Denmark, where Muslims found no means other than mass demonstrations, gathered around 10 thousand Muslims.

 The recent crisis did not witness any violence, where only Muslims there to take part in demonstrations, Rejecting the extremist newspaper and demanding a big apology.

I would say  again that freedom of speech is important value as the video says ,but when it cause a harm for a 1.6 billion Muslims in the world, then we should not called “freedom” at all.

8-Jehovah witnesses 

Jehovah's Witnesses refuse to transfer blood to a patient, even if it leads to his death!!

They deny it, even in serious surgery. One time a little girl needed blood transfusions or else she died. And her father said, "Behold, let the will of God be, and we shall not break the law!

In the first was the American judiciary against them, in the interest of the lives of people. Now there are many judgments in their favor. Where judges say that man is the master of his body. If he is sound, he can explicitly prevent surgery for his life. And the doctor does not force the patient to transfer blood in surgery, otherwise falls under the rule of the judiciary. There is a view declared by the Supreme Court of Kansas in America: that the law does not allow the doctor to impose his opinion instead of seeing the patient in any form of deception. Do not deceive the patient and transfer his blood even if he is under anesthetic. But saw the doctor subject to the opinion of the patient.

 What is strange about their rejection of blood transfusion is that they claim that these are the teachings of the Bible! While all the verses on which they rely, it prevents the eating of blood (i.e. drinking), and not blood transfusion through the veins (injecting for example).

"Every living creature will have food for you, as the green grass has given you all, but flesh with his life, his blood, do not eat it."

And in Quran: book of Islam there also Prohibition for drinking blood.

“He has forbidden to you only carrion, and blood, and the flesh of swine, and that over which any name other than God's has been invoked; [139] but if one is driven by necessity - neither coveting it nor exceeding his immediate need -no sin shall be upon him: for, behold, God is much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace. -chapter 2: verse 173 Al-Baqara (The Cow).

9-History of the suffering of blacks in America

After the invaders destroyed the Crusaders most Native American Indians found that the reclamation and cultivation of tens of millions of acres on the almost all western European countries have begun to implement that African Negroes are one of the strongest types of human beings and most skin  patience and  can bear the hardships and harsh atmosphere.

Thousands of European ships loaded with soldiers armed with guns crossed the west coast of the Black Continent carrying death and destruction to most of its inhabitants, kidnapping and enslavement and humiliation for life for those who survived them.

In just 50 years, nearly 40 million Africans have been kidnapped and deported and sold as slaves in the markets of America and Europe, of every 10 Africans perhaps only one was captured and the other nine were killed by invaders

140 million Africans were captured and tied in chains to Europe and America on the ships. About 40 million only are already arrived and 100 million died of starvation or disease or killed in the road and dumped their bodies in the sea.

As a reaction to the revolution of blacks against racism in the sixties of the last century made (Islam) slogan and the message of their revolution! At first deceived by a person named himself Alija Mohammed claimed to be a prophet and founded a group called "Nation of Islam"

Alija Mohammed exploited the ignorance of people to distort Islam completely and summarize that black is the color of good and white is the color of the devil, and so was the war and racism between the white devil and black angels this was followed by young Malcolm X.

When Malcolm X traveled to Mecca and read about the true Islam, he returned with the correct Islamic thought.

There is no difference between white or black and that our master Muhammad is the Seal of the Prophets and not the Antichrist Alijah Muhammad said.

Martin Luther King was the Christian version of the new Malcolm X. The difference between their messages was that Martin Luther's call focused on peaceful resistance and calling for a kind of civil disobedience without any friction on the part of the blacks with the security forces no matter what they suffered.

While Malcolm X has made a major difference in his call, he calls for peaceful change, but if you encounter any impediment, you must resist it vigorously and prevent and engage with it

In one term today and even after Malcolm X, and martin Luther king ,black people still  suffering from sort of racism and we still have today some Black men being harassed by police men and in the video we can see how the police shoot unarmed black person who were telling them clearly that he does not have gun.

10-Jewish community and sensitivity in today’s politics

           Since biblical times, Jews have embraced the doctrine of monotheism, Judaism, which involves both a religious and a national concept. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, most of the Jews of the world lived in Europe, where they were isolated in ghettos and had little interactions with them. The Jews administered their own affairs within the community, based on Jewish law (Halakha), a law developed and developed by Jewish scholars over hundreds of years.

In the 19th century, Europe was swept by a wave of national liberation and vigilance. This wave also penetrated the walls of the ghetto, giving rise to more liberal attitudes towards education, culture, philosophy and theology. This wave also resulted in a number of Jewish intellectual movements, some of which followed a liberal religious trend. While others adopted national and political ideologies. As a result, many Jews have moved away, and most of them have become Orthodox (Orthodox), some of whom have tried to integrate fully into the whole society.

Internal dynamics among Jewish groups

Since there is no clear separation between religion and state, one of the central issues that cause controversy among different groups is: to what extent should Israel highlight its religious identity? While the leadership of the Orthodox Jews extends the scope of religious legislation beyond personal status matters (where the Orthodox religious establishment is unique to judicial powers), a non-religious public sees religious coercion as an infringement of the democratic nature of the state.

One of the issues constantly revolves around the question of what elements are required to be identified as a Jew. The Orthodox sector insists that this definition requires that a person be born to a Jewish mother, based on the provisions of Jewish law. Secular Jews see that the measure of this definition must be the individual decision of a person to define himself as a Jew. As a result of this controversy, efforts have been made to find legal means to determine the dividing line between religion and state. Until a comprehensive solution is reached, the various parties rely on an oral agreement reached on the eve of the establishment of the State, known as the "status quo", which provides for no fundamental changes to the situation in relation to religion.

Today there is some sensitivity talking about issues related to Jewish doctrine community because of the Palestinian issue. The conflict about who own the land of Jerusalem and to whom it will be at end of time is still going on.  Even the United State politician have their reservation talking about this issue. In the video two surveys have been taken, the first show American Jews critical about Jewish politics and the second survey 80% of the rabbis said they avoided expressing their own stance and it is conflict with Palestinian quote unquote out of fear.

So this conflict is still have its religious dimension even in our university today there is both movements from both Jewish and Palestinian and both have their supporters.

[blkrosebks]

Franklin Jones

If a person is born ignorant, to parents that are ignorant, in a society that is ignorant, lives a life of ignorance, then ignorance becomes the norm. Thus indoctrination can be called education, and lies can be called truth. Because this person never knew the truth-therefore their mind was never their own. Unfortunately this is the case for most we that are the descendants of African that were enslaved brought by force to America. We have been stripped of our history, and knowledge of self. The history taught to us by whites are entirely lies that serve their own interests. Imagine that greedy, barbaric invaders broken into a home to rob it of all its natural resources and wealth. Then while leaving the home in ruins, these invaders kidnapped the children from the home to work as their slaves. These invaders, fearing an eventual retribution from the enslaved children, would logically find it necessary to implement systems to ensure that the children would remain loyal to them, and never hold him accountable for their actions. Because while the invaders, through their military strength can rob and the destroy the children's home, they cannot win their loyalty, or sustain peace with them for long unless systems are put in place to keep the enslaved children loyal, or to suppress dissent among them. To protect themselves from retribution, from these enslaved children, the invaders would have to develop a way of controlling them. This process would require that the invaders tell many lies to the enslaved children. Lies that causes them to become ashamed of the native land. To achieve this the invaders would have to revamp the facts of their crimes by telling the enslaved children that they merely rescued them from a dilapidated home where they were unwanted by their parents. The enslaved children may also be told that their parents merely sold them away. The invaders may also find it necessary to make the enslaved children embarrassed to be associated with their past home. To do this the invaders would routinely show to enslaved children demoralizing pictures of their ruined former home. This would cause the children to perceive their invader as a rescuer rather than their enslavers. This would cause the enslaved children to develop an undeserving sense of loyalty and appreciation towards their invaders. This psychological warfare strategy literally creates a sort of manufactured Stockholm Syndrome. [ side note: Stockholm syndrome is a condition wherein which the abused begins to love and defend their abuser. ] Religion was a vital part of this brainwashing process. The Bible was used to literally teach the African slaves that their enslavement was ordained by God. According to the white slaveowners, slavery was the response to Ham's rebellious behavior.'' In the Bible, Ham finds Noah drunk and naked in Noah's tent. He tells his brothers, Shem and Japheth, who proceed to cover their father without gazing at him, not to do so and laughed at his father's nakedness. For this he was cursed by God and turned Black and is supposed to be enslaved by whites- according to their ridiculous racist myth. This racist story was created by white slaveowners to justify the enslavement of Africans. Yet unbelievably the so-called Black Hebrews kept the part of this lie that connects the Africans to Ham to justify their separation from Africans. However this story is totally false. Science have confirmed time and time again that we Africans are hundreds of thousands of years older than the Bible's fictional time line of Ham's birth and alleged curse. Therefore it's only by ignorance can anyone believe that Africans are descendants of Ham. Furthermore, Shem and Ham never actually existed, the Noah's ark story never happened. It’s not even a Hebrew mythology. It is a totally unadulterated falsehood. The men who wrote the Bible plagiarized it from a Mesopotamian story, “The Gilgamesh Epic.” That Mesopotamia story even includes the mythology that the first rainbow came after God flooded the world. As is typical for writers of mythology, the Mesopotamians took a natural phenomenon they didn’t understand, (the rainbow) and created a fantastical story around it. Furthermore, when we critically and intelligently think of course the story's totally untrue. For to believe that the Noah's ark story is true, one would not only have to believe the ridiculous story that two of every animal of the entire planet earth fitted onto a boat for forty days, but also that after the flood ended, all of the Kangaroos got together and decided to hop all the way to Australia, all the bengal Tigers walked to India, all the Giraffes walked to Africa, and all the other animals walked to their perspective parts of the world-- that they're now known to be indigenous to. (total falsehood) We also know the biblical flood never occurred, because there have existed great civilizations thriving during that time. They kept good records and never mentioned that they were wiped from the face of the earth. These civilizations included: The Chinese (Neolithic Dynasty), The Egyptians ( Dynasties 4,5, & 6), Mesopotamians ( Early Dynastic Period) Sumerians, Peruvians and more... Furthermore, how could one family repopulate the entire earth without engaging within incest relationships. Clearly the story is absurd. In reality, there was never a flood that covered the entire planet and destroyed the world. It's a fairytale. BLACK PEOPLE IN AMERICA HAVE ALSO BEEN MISEDUCATED BY WHITES TO BELIEVE THAT MOST SLAVES FROM AFRICA WAS SOLD BY AFRICANS. However the participation of Africans in the African slave trade has also been greatly exaggerated to reduce white culpability in the slave trade. White historians depictions of the African slave trade also intentionally miseducates African Americans to believe that most of their African ancestors were merely sold away to the white invader. Their depiction of the African Slave trade deliberately hides the brutal massacre of countless of African Warriors that died in battle trying to rescuing their captured love ones. The number of Africans that died in battles fought against the white invaders far exceeded, many times over, the number of any African's that may have assisted in the slave trade. The hiding of these fierce battles and massacres is deliberately done to perpetuate the falsehood that most African Americans where sold away by their ancestors. However, to believe that the greedy white invaders ( they that bloodily brutalized our ancestors during their enslavement in the U.S.) went into Africa with weaponry advantage [of guns and cannons] but rather than maximizing their profits chosen instead to purchase most of their slaves is absolutely preposterous. Because such a claim totally contradicts 400 years of demonstrated behavior by whites in regards to Black people and making profit. Furthermore, If Africa has all the resources of gold, diamonds, ivory, animal fur, spices and minerals and western money meant nothing in Africa what could the white invaders used to buy MOST of the slaves with? Cleary the majority of slaves were not sold or given to the white invaders. That's the convenient lie that whites rewrote into history. To believe that story a person has to be totally ignorant of the white race's history of being brutally greedy. Any religion that promotes the division between millions of Black people based upon a Bible that is easily proven to be false, and that has been revised countless of times by their brutal enslavers and oppressors is foolish. The Black Hebrew also believes that the Bible's account of the Jews being enslaved in Egypt for 400 years to be true. Furthermore, that those enslaved Jews were the builders of the pyramids. However, although the Egyptians kept an extensive documentation of their long history upon the walls of Egypt, the story of enslaved Jews, the parting of the Red Sea, nor is the story of a man name Moses even mentioned even once upon its many walls. Not even ONCE! According to the Egyptian's version of history the story of the enslaved Jews never happened. If Jews were enslaved in Egypt for 400 years surely there would've been something left behind commemorating these 400. Moreover, science now affirms it that no Jews were involved in the building of the pyramids or the Sphinx. Latest advances in research have revealed that the Sphinx, and the Great Pyramid of Egypt are both many thousands of years older than as previously believed. Given that they've both been determined as being older than Adam and Eve--according to biblical scholars timeline of their created existence--it is therefore inconceivable that the Jews, the distant descendants of Adam and Eve could have possibly built the Sphinx or the Great Pyramid--while enslaved in Egypt. Furthermore adopting white folklores and turning them Black doesn't make them real. This is precisely what the Black Hebrews have done with the story of Jesus. They kept the messiah story the same, but turned him Black and called him Yeshua instead. However, it was the Roman the created the concept of a messiah. The original belief system practiced in North Africa, of which the Bible's doctrine is a stollen plagiarized distortion of, didn't believe Jesus was a messiah nor of the trinity. Those fabrications were created and added by Constantine the Roman Emperor during the first Council of Nicaea conference in 325 AD. The original belief system's doctrine taught the teachings of a man, commonly now said to have been, named Yeshua born of a traditional birth, not of a messiah born of an immaculate conception. It was the Romans that turned him into a the Jesus son of God messiah. It was also originally taught that he was a man of a traditional birth, born in a cave in Ethiopia. It was during the conference that he became a messiah whose birthplace was changed to being born in a manger in Bethlehem. By telling the people that Jesus was a Messiah to be worshipped---and given that this image was controlled by the church- this gave the Roman church greater power over the people. Because it actually meant that that Jesus was the key to heaven, and the Roman Church controlled the key to heaven. So making Jesus into a messiah greatly benefited the church. [The Romans also believed in a Sun God that they celebrated during a festival at the ending and changing of the year starting around the 24th of December, so they made Yeshua's birthday to be on December 25th.] The original teachings taught its followers to seek a direct path to the Most High. Praying to the Most High/ God through a subordinate messiah was not within the original teaching. Furthermore, ask yourselves, why does the all knowing Most High God need a middle man to speak to him in your behalf? Isn't God all knowing? Doesn't he know you better than anyone else does? That story was created so that the church could control you! The original doctrine of our Ancestors taught every individual to seek their own direct inner connection to the Most High. [Not through organized religion] A new personal oneness that is established between the inner mind and that which we now know as God. It is an experience that no two individuals may verbalize the same. Some may say that it speaks from above, some may say it comes from within. Some may also say that it comes through the mind, while others says through the heart. It doesn't matter because in our true belief system they are all correct. It is their own individual oneness with the Most High! The Christianity now practiced by Black Christians is not the belief system that was practiced in ancient North Africa before 325 AD. That original African belief system was completely different. That original system was high jacked by the Romans and then recreated into a counterfeit perverse version of itself. The Emperor Constantine revamped the ancient belief system making it more palpable with their then existing pagan beliefs of the Romans. The Romans literally the butchered the original system. They destroyed 18 books of the original Bible because they didn't fit with the new ideology they were creating. [note it wasn't actually called a Bible then either] Many African followers of the original belief systems opposed the changes made by that the Romans. Many were put to death for doing so. According to master teacher Dr. Ben, the first two people put to death by Emperor Constantine for opposing the changes made to their belief system [in order to create modern Christianity] were two Black women. It was a much later version of Emperor's Constantine's counterfeit version of Christianity that was forced upon our ancestors during slavery in the U.S and during the colonization of Africa. Therefore, it is that counterfeit version that's now being practiced by Black Christians and the Black Hebrews.These Black people that now refers to themselves as being Christians and Hebrews are in fact actually following the revamped religion and Bible created by the emperor Constantine and not the original belief system. Black people wake up and realize that the true and original belief system has been Highjacked and changed. It was that counterfeit versions that was forced upon our ancestors during slavery and that is presently being used to exploit, mentally enslave and control us. Check out the video link of a lecture by the late Great Master Teacher Dr. Ben teaches how the Romans plagiarized the African spiritual system to created their version of modern Christianity. https://www.youtube.com/shared?ci=ItaaG4TZX2A Blacks people we must return to the foreigners all of their false pagan gods and counterfeit religions and return to our true spirituality of our Ancestors.

[universalessays-blog]

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Slave Trade Research Paper

This sample Slave Trade Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Like other free research paper examples it is not a custom research paper. If you need help with writing your assignment, please use research paper writing services and buy a research paper on any topic.

Abstract

The trading of slaves had its origins when agricultural societies increasingly needed to defend lands and borders; it proliferated as growing empires expanded their own. Transatlantic slave trade, with its infamous Middle Passage, ensnared roughly 11 million people between 1443 and 1870; historians caution that using only slave-ship records to account for such numbers leaves out millions who perished in forced marches to factories on the African coast.

Outline

Introduction

Early History

The New World

Guns

Demographics

Bibliography

Introduction

Slave trade began with the onset of agricultural societies. As hunter-gatherers also became farmers, they settled down at least temporarily, defending their lands from both nomads and other farmers. The ensuing wars yielded prisoners, who then became convenient forced labor for the victors. More wars in an area meant more available slaves, who then could be sold to others in exchange for food, copper, and later money. This exchange was particularly true in Mesopotamia, India after the Aryan migrations, China under the Zhou dynasty (1045–256 BCE), and the Greek city-states. For example, in Sumeria in southern Mesopotamia this labor was used to perform the constant maintenance of irrigation canals as well as to build ziggurat temples. Egypt and Harappa (in the Indus River valley of modern Pakistan) had far fewer slaves until outsiders attacked, and their societies became more warlike than before in response. China and India had fewer slaves than Mesopotamia and Greece. Strong central governments that reserved slavery largely to themselves and that were blessed with more peasant farmers than they needed condemned fewer individuals to being outright chattel (an item of tangible property except real estate and things connected with real property) in eastern Asia.

Early History

Empires transmitted both slavery and slave trades. The Mediterranean world witnessed upsurges in the number of people in bondage with the imperial expansion of Athens, of Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great), and then of Rome. Prisoners whose families could not afford or arrange a ransom were quickly sold and resold. Slave trades came to Gaul, in what is now Western Europe, and Britain. Thanks to senatorial policy, the center of Mediterranean slave trading moved from the island of Rhodes to the smaller yet more accessible island of Delos to the even more convenient Rome itself. In addition, as the historian Keith R. Bradley has noted, “piracy and kidnapping contributed to Delos’s ability, according to [the Greek geographer] Strabo, to dispose of tens of thousands of slaves in a single day, its volume of traffic being specifically geared toward Roman demand” (Bradley 1989, 22). On a smaller scale, in the Americas slavery and the slave trades blossomed long before Columbus. Mayan city-states enslaved defeated opponents, keeping some of them ultimately as objects to sacrifice to the gods. In the Andean region the Mochica celebrated the actual moment of enslavement during war through exquisite pottery art.

While the Americas remained isolated from intercontinental contacts and thus from long-distance slave trading, Africa became a center of large-scale human trafficking with the domestication of the camel during the first millennium CE and the spread of Islam into the lands south of the Sahara Desert after 800 CE. The trans-Saharan caravan trade mainly exported gold for basic commodities such as salt, but it also spread faith in Allah as well as toting captive women and children for sale as domestics and concubines in Arab caliphates (the offices or dominions of successors of Muhammad as temporal and spiritual heads of Islam). This trans-Saharan slave trade was small in comparison to the later transatlantic one, but it unfortunately accustomed western Africans to the idea of exporting human beings centuries before the Portuguese came to their coasts.

Monotheistic religions intensified and justified slave trades, particularly in Africa and around the boundaries between Christian and Muslim states such as in Iberia (modern-day Spain and Portugal). Muslims, in particular, viewed slavery as a prelude to conversion, but actual conversion did not preclude enslavement. Enslavement was just too profitable and necessary for converts to be allowed to go free. Accordingly, crusades and jihads (holy wars) dehumanized the enemy, making them fit to be treated as disposable property.

When the Roman Empire itself declined in Western Europe after 200 CE, slavery and the slave trades also declined and disappeared there. Feudalism and serfdom emerged eventually to provide cheap and reliable sources of agricultural labor for governing elites. Serfdom supported local subsistence farming, whereas slavery persisted in and around the Levant (countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean) to support large-scale cultivation for export. What the historian Philip Curtin has called “the plantation complex” (Curtin 1990, ix) began with Arab sugar planters in Mesopotamia using African and local prisoners of war about 800 CE. This complex gradually spread westward to the Levant, then to Cyprus, then to Crete, then to Sicily, then to Atlantic islands such as the Canaries, then to Sao Thome, and then finally to Brazil. Slave trades followed this westward trek, supplying the foreign, coerced workers for lucrative sugar plantations that needed vast numbers of workers to cultivate many acres in order to be profitable. Yet, slave trades also developed from south to north and from west to east. As noted, sub-Saharan Africa supplied Islamic caliphates with concubines and domestics, whether in Cordoba, Jerusalem, Mogadishu, or eventually Delhi. Yet, these slaves were a mere fraction of the global number of slaves. When Europeans thought of slaves before the fall of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) in 1453, they usually thought of the Slavic peoples caught in the wars between Muslims, Mongols, and Russians around the Black Sea. In fact, the word slave comes from this medieval association of forced labor with Slavs. More widely, before 1500, the Indian Ocean with its Arab and Muslim merchants had the largest volume of world trade and slave trade; after 1500 the Atlantic Ocean with its European merchants and African collaborators became more and more a center of world trade as well as of slave trade.

The New World

The making of the European “New World” was predicated upon the procurement of coerced labor. Even Columbus realized early on that he would have to generate riches and not just to steal them from Native American cultures. Schemes for a quick and gushing fortune required a lot of drudgery, which nearly all explorers and planters had come to the Americas to avoid. Parasitically, they at first tried to use the Native Americans as their slaves, but the Columbian exchange of diseases decimated that source of labor. Accustomed to “European” diseases because of international trading contacts, enslaved Africans increasingly replaced sick and dying Native Americans, particularly in coastal, tropical, and disease-ridden areas prime for growing sugar and other lucrative crops. This switch to African labor in the Americas took a while, however.

From 1500 until 1650 slave trading was not the main activity along the western African coast that it would become later. The Portuguese, who initiated European contacts with western African kingdoms, were there mainly for the gold and, to a lesser extent, for pepper, ivory, and leopard skins. Elmina Castle in Ghana began as an entrepot (intermediary center of trade and transshipment) for precious metals and other exotic luxuries in the 1480s, but it eventually became a factory for holding slaves for exports. It was taken over by the Dutch in 1637. By 1700 the Swedes, Brandenburgers, Danes, Britons, French, and the Dutch had established similar factories along the western African coast that was formerly devoted to the gold trade. Elmina Castle itself became less significant as rivals such as Cape Coast Castle took away more and more of the business themselves.

The slave trade became the most contested type of mercantilist capitalism whereby governmental monopolies from Europe tried to trade exclusively with African states one on one without any entrepreneurial inference from either side. For example, asientos were contracts by which Spain outsourced the work necessary to keep its American colonies supplied with slaves, particularly young adult men who were thought to be the best suited for arduous field labor by Europeans. Starting in 1518 the Spanish Crown licensed favored companies, usually Portuguese, for a fee to bring in a quota of young adult men. Women (who performed most of the farm work in western Africa), children, and the elderly could be counted only as fractions toward fulfilling the fixed, contracted number. After other European countries besides Spain and Portugal realized that colonies could be viable only with African slavery, they set up their own slave-trading monopolies. The English Parliament commissioned its own Royal African Company for that purpose in 1672 after a venture in the 1660s had failed. Parliament limited participation to merchants from London. Although leading to unprecedented profits for London-based merchants, this policy of limited participation enraged merchants from other ports such as Bristol, who, in turn, lobbied successfully to have the monopoly ended in 1698. The Royal African Company, however, continued to be a major player in the business until it was absorbed into another yet another licensed company in the 1740s. The actual profits from the slave trade were smaller than people thought at the time. A few merchants tripled their investment on the Middle Passage (the voyage of African slaves to the Americas), but that was the talked-about exception rather than the rule. On average the overhead, the constant turnover in personnel, and the unforeseen dangers due to on-board rebellions and bad weather reduced the yield to the standard 10 percent, which was in line with the yields of less exotic ventures. Thus, on their own, the profits from slavery and the slave trade were not enough to make Britain the first industrial nation, but they were enough to add to the demand needed to make it the first full-blown consumer society. At any rate, during the eighteenth century, when this trade was at its height, Britain dominated the export and transfer of enslaved Africans to the Americas. After the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the British gained the asientos of the Spanish Empire in addition to their own factories and markets. The guinea, a large-denomination British gold coin, was named for the lucrative nature of the slave trade along the Guinea coast.

Guns

Yet, even the British, with their maritime superiority, relied heavily on the eager and self-interested participation of African governments and elites out for their own profits. The disintegration of the Songhai Empire in Sudan after 1591 stimulated the further political fragmentation of western Africa into more than three hundred microstates and even more stateless societies, which, in turn, set the stage for numerous territorial and religious wars fueled by the introduction of guns into the area by the Portuguese. Local rulers wanted more guns, particularly after 1650 when the accuracy and durability of guns improved dramatically. In order to get these guns, rulers traded gold initially and later mostly prisoners from neighboring clans and countries. Farther south, one ruler of the Kongo kingdom, Nzinga Mvemba, tried to use the Portuguese against internal opposition and neighboring rivals. He and members of his family even converted to Christianity to cement this alliance. Of course, this fighting within and outside Kongo produced prisoners, stimulating more Portuguese interest and involvement in the country than the ruler had originally wanted. He moved to confront the Portuguese, but it was too late. After the Portuguese had insinuated themselves into Kongolese trade, he could not preclude the long-term effects of civil war, resulting famines, and the slave trade upon his country. The Europeans also needed African help in part because of the disease environment, for which they were not prepared. Most sailors and agents along the western African coast never returned home to enjoy what little income they had gleaned from the slave trade. Because yellow fever and malaria were dangerous to their own European employees, both governments and freelancers preferred African and biracial (of mixed white and black ancestry) contractors who could work at interior trading posts without getting sick.

Overall, the transatlantic slave trade, with its infamous Middle Passage, ensnared roughly 11 million people between 1443 and 1870. Historians continue to debate the exact number of slaves, but the difference in numbers largely comes about because of the question of at what point in bondage historians should start counting. In 1969 Philip Curtin, using slave ship and archival records, published the first well-documented attempt to count how many people were enslaved by the transatlantic slave trade. More recently other scholars have pointed out that if historians use only slave ship records that show how many of the enslaved boarded for the Middle Passage, that leaves out the millions more who perished in forced marches to the coastal factories. The historian Joseph C. Miller has noted that, in reference to the Angolan slave trade, only 64 percent of the people initially detained would actually make it alive to the slave pens of Luanda for embarkation to the New World. However horrific and brutal itself, the Middle Passage was truly only a transition from frequent fatalities along the trails to the ships to even more mortality after slaves were in the Americas, particularly after they were in the death traps of sugar plantations and precious metal mines. Miller estimates that two-thirds of those people seized in Angola during the late eighteenth century would have died by the fourth year of being a slave on a Brazilian plantation.

Demographics

Slaves became increasingly male, younger, and hailed from more southern locations in Africa by the nineteenth century. As David Eltis and David Richardson have recently concluded, “the demographic characteristics of the coerced migrant flow from Africa changed from one of rough balance between males and females and the presence of some children in the seventeenth century, to one in which males and children predominated by the nineteenth century” (Eltis and Richardson 2003, 55). This relative lack of enslaved women for export spared western and central Africa from complete demographic and economic collapse, but it failed to mitigate the longterm underdevelopment decried by the scholar and activist Walter Rodney. The triangular trade of guns for slaves to produce druglike staples for a world market addicted African kings and elites to European weapons and manufactured goods and thus inhibited the growth and enhancement of local industries outside of slave trading. When the slave ships stopped coming, local leaders scrambled to find appropriate substitutions.

Indeed, after European countries and the United States started to abolish the transatlantic slave trade after 1807 and then slavery itself after 1833, slave trades were again primarily associated with interior Africa, the Islamic world, and the Indian Ocean basin. Although Brazil and Cuba would continue to import slaves long after other plantation societies had ceased to do so, slave trades actually increased most in volume and frequency within Africa after 1800 as jihads proliferated and sellers looked for alternative markets. Most deceptively, a most virulent wave of European imperialism in Africa and Asia during the late nineteenth century was rationalized in part as an effort to stamp out slavery and slave trades. Accordingly, slave trades today are met with disapproval from the global community, with the genocidal wars in the Sudan and its enslavement of captives being the most glaring instance.

Bibliography:

Bradley, K. R. (1989). Slavery and rebellion in the Roman world, 140 B.C.–70 B.C. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.

Burkholder, M. A., & Johnson, L. (2001). Colonial Latin America (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Curtin, P. D. (1990). The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Essays in Atlantic history. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Eltis, D., & Richardson, D. (2003). West Africa and the transatlantic slave trade: New evidence of long-run trends. In G. Heuman & J. Walvin (Eds.), The slavery reader (pp. 42–57). London: Routledge.

Harris, J. E. (1998). Africans and their history (2nd ed.). New York: Meridian.

Klein, H. (1999). The Atlantic slave trade. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Manning, P. (2003). Why Africans? The rise of the slave trade to 1700. In G. Heuman & J. Walvin (Eds.), The slavery reader (pp 30–41). London: Routledge.

Miller, J. C. (1988). Way of death: Merchant capitalism and the Angolan slave trade, 1730–1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Mintz, S. W. (1985). Sweetness and power: The place of sugar in modern history. New York: Penguin Books.

Northrup, D. (Ed.). (1994). The Atlantic slave trade. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath Company.

Thomas, H. (1997). The slave trade: The story of the Atlantic slave trade, 1440–1870. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Thornton, J. (1992). Africa and Africans in the making of the Atlantic world, 1400–1680. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

See also:

History Research Paper Topics

History Research Paper

US History Research Paper

[dontletthemfoolya]

During the posting of this blog, hackers, ( I presume are trying to dictate what I have to say ), have been interfering with the words and order of phrases, in order to try and force their narratives, so, read, then check the absolute truth, against these facts.

The order of phases may also be incorrect, because I haven't been as skillful in using my already limited facilities for editing and posting. Please comment suitably, where you're invoked and or inspired to.

While working on Africa, and ( being able to understand some of their language ), witnessing the slave trade, sat-un-ic worship, and other wickednesses, that I was sure that I didn't want to subject my future children to most of the cultures I had seen there.

I was horrified but realized that that's where my mother had learned it, when I was witness to the horrid, traumatizing mistreatment of their children, in their obedience to satan.

When I brought this to the attention of so-called ' aid agencies ' such as ' save the children ' and ' christian aid ', their reply was, "We can't tell people how to bring up their children."

Then why bother with innoculation and education programs, I ask?

Though black, I was raised as a baby by a western white woman, so I wasn't implicitly taught that " white people are gods ", and " we were alright, until white people kidnapped us and sold us into slavery " nonsense.

They seemed to find a way to tell the people and the kids to find ways to buy automatic kalashnikov 47s, to kill each other, and go to overthrow governments, and cause civil wars though.

It became immediately more clear to me, why after being given $trillions yearly, NOTHING IMPROVES, in the places where satan and the serpents are. In colusion with the ' african mother ', they continue to cunningly conspire to rip the world off. They were constantly trying to cause and make wars. They spent a lot of energy telling the kids of african women, that ' their difficulties were due to the government', and so they needed to ' overthrow the government by coup d'etait '. Cue Rwanda, Nigeria, Libya, etcetera. They do the same kind of thing in USA and America, another peoples who tend to be tricked and persuaded by the ' sat-un / eu ' aesthetic.

Of the so called aid agencies, I found and made it known, that they were adding to and exploiting problems in a highly satanic manner, in collusion with most of the main stream media entities, not solving them. ' US Aid ', ' CAFOD ', ' Oxfam ', ' Action Aid ' and a bunch of red neck American religious and charity entities were the only positive effects on the people their, but most of that would be undermined by eu, and other entities, in collusion with african mothers; just exactly how it's explained in Genesis of the Holy Bible.

However, as most african mothers implicitly as well as overtly taught their babies that ' white people are gods ', ( Europeans, Asians, etcetera ), a child born into such a culture, ( irrespective of the skin colour/ an aesthetic value ), is immediately disadvantaged; that's where the disadvantages is.

Remember; since satan installed ' blacks ' as general secretary of united nations, nigger nations have never been more dangerous. They've even made it an offence in many places to mention our ancestral name, ( Nega, Nigga, Negast, etcetera ), in collusion with our mothers, her kids and their pimps.

The solution to the ' slave trade ' by africans told to me by the women, ( who are deeply complicit and highly active and have been for thousands of years ), is ' don't mention it '. I prefer the Rastafari method;

" Love and serve God Jah First."

This will explain why, whilst a lot of lip flapping and guilt tripping is pushed about " 400 years of slave trade ", and the calls for " reparations in the form of money ", until about 2011 or so, none of the children of ' african cultures ' would reveal the prolific, flea-markets of slaves for sale, ( sometimes at as little as 3 for £10 / $13 ), which are then transported to Europe, where the united nations entity called ' eu ' offers up to $120,000 each, repacked as ' refugees ', and ' migrant workers, seeking a better life'.

Some evil, sat-un-ic rulers describe the respecting of " Human Rights " as " a complex difficulty ".

A place is as good as the woman in it. This will explain why, for dozens of decades, apartheid was operated by a few against most in a country of megawatts an hour of free sunshine.

Question: why am I the only Nigga to state that I know that Prime Minister Boris Johnson is not racist, and certainly no more racist than Gordon Brown or Michael Jackson?

Check the balance sheet.

Russians are white people. Norwegians are white people. White is a color. White people are people of colour. When you say " people of colour ", do you mean " the aesthetic, satanic, society worshipping, peoples, who disadvantage their children, in order to please dead ancestoral ideas?"

The most efficient, successful societies to date are those which love their children. The poorest are those which disadvantage their children, in order to practice some horrid rituals, in worship of aesthetics and possessions.

Micromanagment and using fake news to distract is and has been the way of satan for millenias.

Check the balance sheet.

As written in Genesis of Holy Bible, due to the love of aesthetics and disobeying the Most High God Jah , " our people were put into 400 years of slavery..,". Only Jamaicans have enough love and truth to acknowledge this. The " mother " you choose to subject your children to is a bigger responsibility than the aid agencies and religions allow you to see.

The first love of aid agencies and most religions is their love of money. Their quote is something in the order of " we'll always have poor people to exploit ". By keeping people poor, and using mantras, practices and products to do so, the ' aid agency ', ' main stream media ' and or religion bosses will always be fed by their exploitations.

When in February in Africa we made knee high rains during dry season in 1994, the reaction of the war monger united nations entities amongst each other was, " well, if we don't have any more droughts, how are we going to continue to get governments to fund us?"

Shocked at what I was hearing and seeing them at, I was silent. One of the eu female aid workers suggested that they develop a case to fund a new narrative. The serpent and satan ( main stream media and united nations ) entities conspire and collude to trick ' Eve ' and her children, to be exploited and devoured between them. That's how nine eleven happened.

Mr Gaddafi complied, and sat-un still trashes Libya, Egypt, etcetera for kicks. He should've voted for Me, instead of try to " confirm the divide and rule, family breakdown narratives " put out by sat-un, and its serpents.

I admire His Highness Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, who after our conversations and discussions, a couple of years ago, saw through into the Holy Scriptures from our ancestors, the Most High God Jah Servants, the Prophets, and, ( in spite of the pagan and infidel entities of sat-un, eu, msm media, and such ), almost instantly began to change to the godly commands, and as such, removing the oppression of women in Saud Arabia. During one of our conversations, eu east European persons overheard our chat, and were indignant that this fair treatment towards women, ( as instructed by the Most High God Jah ), should be proposed and developed.

I thank the Most High God Jah, I thank you, your Highness, and Iam so proud of you. I was able to briefly see a video of one of the lady Saudi Arabian racing drivers, and I was impressed by her skills in her handling and manoeuvring of the racing cars. In God Jah we trust, or in your language, cousin, " Allah huakbah." Please excuse my mispronunciation, but I can just about speak English, and that was the first language I learned to speak! 🤣😂😁

My sincere greetings to you all in the Royal Family, and to Presaud, ( I think that's how my daddy, late BBB pronounced it ), and a goody goody goody to you all from me.