#welldocumented

[pochaunnuswalker]

And whoever keeps trying like I'm a muthafucking punk it's. Very welldocumented goddamnit

[bsaschields]

#bsaalloyclipper at #barbermotorsportspark #museum #welldocumented by me for my #project #bsa #scrambler #factoryracebike #britbike https://www.instagram.com/p/CRcZeqlBPMp/?utm_medium=tumblr

[micer2012]

shoutout to logicalgeekboy. for being THE cutest tootsit imaginable.

[nomorelonelydays]

i would like to think if mccann, with his welldocumented gushing over how much he loves sid, were rooming next to them would totally spend the practice after sid gets rimmed being all blushy and staring at sid with his mouth open. he totally got himself off, rushed and a little guilty, to the hitch in sid’s breath last night and his sobs and the little wail he makes as he goes “g it’s too much”.

then i imagine tall and smouldery gudbranson - who also totally has a crush on sid and wants his autograph and to be part of his harem of Big Hockey Boys - rooming beside them and being just blatantly eyefucking sid the next day and finding excuses to touch sid. sid is completely oblivious but giggly at being manhandled so much by a big handsome man. geno is making murder eyes. when erik’s hand drifts just a little too low, from the small of sid’s back to the curve of his ass, he totally snaps

-

im living for this

[deefoes]

ok enough with all the pics #welldocumented (at Yunomori Onsen & Spa)

[newscow]

Will Smith Attempts Return To Social Media with Metaphorical Video –

Will Smith Attempts Return To Social Media with Metaphorical Video –

Will Smith has returned to social media, issuing his first Instagram post since his July 29 video apology for his welldocumented misconduct at the 94th Oscars. For his latest statement, Smith chose a popular meme of a baby gorilla annoying a much larger one by tentatively touching the big one’s backside. As might be expected, outrage ensues. So far, Smith hasn’t been chased away. His post…

[pochaunnuswalker]

And as previously stated no means no idontgive a fuck who wAnted to meet me and it's very welldocumented not fucking with you and look whose running they mouth a muthafucka I don't like

[lupine-publishers-scsoaj]

Lupine Publishers | The Case Number 130 of Townes Brocks Syndrome

Abstract

Townes Brocks syndrome is a very rare genetic syndrome with 129 well-documented patients reported in the medical literature. Townes Brocks syndrome has not been reported before in Iraq. The main aim of this book is to describe the first case of this syndrome in Iraq which seems to be the case number 130.

Introduction

Townes Brocks syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder which was probably first described in 1972 by Dr Philip L. Townes and Dr Eric Brocks. Dr Philip was professor of pediatrics at the University of Rochester, and Eric Brocks was a medical student. The syndrome is characterized by a triad of imperforate anus, limb defects, and ear abnormalities [1,2].

Main features of the disorder include [1,2]:

a. Anorectal malformations including imperforate anus (absence of an anal opening), recto-vaginal fistula, anal stenosis, unusually placed anus.

b. Hand and foot abnormalities including hypoplastic thumbs, fingerlike thumbs, syndactyly (webbed fingers/toes), fusion of the wrist bones, overlapping foot and/or toe bones.

c. Abnormalities of the ears with sensori-neural or conductive hearing impairment or loss or deafness.

d. Other organ abnormalities including hypoplastic kidneys, multi-cystic kidneys, dysplastic kidneys, and congenital heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot and defects of the ventricular septum.

The main aim of this book is to describe the first case of this syndrome in Iraq which seems to be the case number 130.

Case report

Figure 1: The girl had low set ears and deformity of the right foot with the presence of only three toes. There was no obvious abnormality of left foot, but the big toe was relatively large.

R.J was first seen at about the age of four months during November 2018 because of poor feeding, failure to thrive, poor response to sounds, and poor head control. The girl also had low set ears, and deformity of the right foot with the presence of only three toes. There was no obvious abnormality of left foot, but the big toe was relatively large (Figure1). She was delivered at 38 weeks by cesarean section. She didn’t pass motion and was found to have imperforated anus. She had colostomy, and the surgeon reported that the sigmoid was not present. The five-centimeter colon ended at the pelvis, and cecum found on the left side. Cloaca treated with diversion colostomy. The parents were relatives and have three normal children. Echocardiography performed during the first month showed normal findings. Brain ultrasound performed on the fifth of August 2018 showed normal findings. Abdominal ultrasound was also performed on the fifth of August 2018 and showed small hypoplastic right kidney (18 x 12 mm) with normal shape. At the age of forty-six days (16, August 2018), a second abdominal ultrasound showed small hypoplastic right kidney. The left kidney had normal size.

Discussion

Authors from Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, Belgium, Italy , Switzerland and the Czech republic (Jürgen Kohlhase et al ,1998; Jürgen Kohlhase et al ,1999) defined Townes Brocks syndrome as a rare autosomal dominant malformation syndrome with a combination of anal, renal, limb and ear anomalies. Townes Brocks syndrome is a very rare genetic syndrome with 129 welldocumented patients reported in the medical literature [1,2]. In this paper the first case of this syndrome in Iraq is reported which is the case number 130.

For more Surgery and Case Studies Journals please click on below link: https://lupinepublishers.com/surgery-case-studies-journal/

For more Lupine Publishers Please click on below link: https://lupinepublishers.com/

[theresourcelibrary]

Whitestream Feminism and the Colonialist Project: A review of contemporary feminist pedagogy and praxis by Sandy Grande

I feel compelled to begin by stating that I am not a feminist - rather, I am Indigena.’ Accordingly, this review begins at the intersection of my subjectivity as an indigenous woman and the contemporary feminist project. While, like other indigenous women, I recognize the invaluable contributions that feminists have made to both critical theory and praxis in education, I also believe their welldocumented failure to engage race and acknowledge the complicity of white women in the history of domination positions “mainstream” feminism alongside other colonialist discourses. 

https://nycstandswithstandingrock.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/grande-2003-educational_theory.pdf

[juniperpublisherscasestudies]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Case Studies

Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism after Achilles Tendon Repair

Authored by Naoki Yoshida

Abstract

The incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) following treatment for Achilles tendon rupture is rare. Here we present a case of a 40-year-old man with symptomatic PE, who was operated 24 days ago for Achilles tendon rupture. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed numerous pulmonary emboli in the bilateral pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary artery and a thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) from the left iliac vein. The patient was treated using an anticoagulant and IVC filter and showed a good functional outcome at the five-month follow-up. It is important to examine and treat Achilles tendon rupture, keeping in mind PE.

Background

Achilles tendon rupture is common in orthopedic practice [1]. In both operative and conservative treatments, cast immobilization is necessary to protect the repaired tendon [2]. There are a few reports on the incidence of symptomatic PE following treatment for Achilles tendon rupture [3,4]. This current report underscores the possibility of acute PE in cases of Achilles tendon rupture.

Case Presentatıon

A 40-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a painful left heel. The pain was suddenly brought on during aerobics, but he was able to walk despite the pain. He had no past medical history and was not on any medication at that time. On physical examination, there were a palpable gap in the left Achilles tendon, and Thompson test was positive. We diagnosed left Achilles tendon rupture and discussed the treatment with the patient. He agreed to have surgical repair and was operated upon nine days post injury. The tendon was sutured using the Kessler technique (Figure 1) and was subsequently protected by a below-the-knee cast in a plantar-flexed position. The patient was permitted to walk on crutches. He was discharged from our hospital, and he returned to work with no complications.

Two weeks postoperatively, his cast was converted into an Achilles tendonitis brace. However, 24 days postoperatively, he presented to the emergency department with sudden severe dyspnea. On examination, his blood pressure was 88/59mmHg, pulse 98/min, and respiratory rate 26/min, with an O2 saturation of 93% in room air. CTA showed numerous pulmonary emboli in the bilateral pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary artery (Figure 2A). CTA also showed a vein thrombus in the IVC (Figure 2B) from the left iliac vein (Figure 2C). There was no thrombus in the right iliac vein. The patient was administered an anticoagulant and IVC filter as treatment for acute PE. The side of the Achilles tendon surgery coinciding with the side of the thrombus strongly suggested the Achilles tendon repair was the cause of PE. One month later, angioplasty revealed the thrombus had disappeared, so the IVC filter was removed. The patient showed a good functional outcome and returned to work at the six-month follow-up.

Discussion

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body, but it often ruptures, mostly during sports activities [5]. Injury is caused by a sudden pushing off from the weight-bearing forefoot with the knee in extension, unexpected ankle dorsiflexion, and violent dorsiflexion of a plantar-flexed foot [6]. Achilles tendon rupture can be managed by both operative and nonoperative strategies. It is generally accepted that surgery should be performed for athletes and young and fit patients and that conservative treatment may be suitable for the elderly [7]. Both treatments include a period of immobilization, which is a welldocumented risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [2]. In the current literature, the reported incidence of DVT after Achilles tendon rupture is highly variable, ranging from less than 1% to 34% [8]. Common symptoms and signs of DVT are unilateral or asymmetric swelling, leg edema, pain, erythema, fever, and leg warmth [9]. Actually, most DVT patients are asymptomatic, and only 9%–17% of them show clinical manifestation [9]. However, silent DVT can progress to a PE, a significant source of mortality [10].

There are several controversies surrounding thromboprophylaxis for Achilles tendon rupture. Several authors have recommended that the use of milder forms of prophylaxis, such as aspirin, also be explored [11]. Others have recommended that prophylactic anticoagulation not be routinely administered [12]. It is important to examine and treat Achilles tendon rupture, keeping in mind DVT and PE.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Case Studies please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/jojcs/index.php

[biogenericpublishers]

Anesthesia Articles in JBGSR

Malpractice in the Intensive Care Unit by Evangelia Michail Michailidou* in Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research (JBGSR)

Abstract

Error in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a welldocumented and frequent problem. This is understandable as one looks at the complexities of serious disease along with the number of invasive and potentially harmful procedures that are commonly used there. Until recently, allegations of medical malpractice resulting from suspected mismanagement in the ICU were unusual, but there has been a rise the last years.

It is difficult to determine whether the increase in lawsuits is due to a real increase in adverse incidents or to a shift in media perception. There is no question that the aggressive cover-up by law companies dealing in personal injury lawsuits offering to initiate claims on a contingency fee basis has become more common. The Medical Protection Society is experiencing an increasing number of claims generally, and the value of damages awarded is skyrocketing [1].

This includes the insufficient number of ICU beds in the public sector and the acute lack of appropriate nurses in both the public and private sectors. More troubling are the obstacles faced by nurses to apply for critical care and the limited number of critical care nurses graduating. Coupled with a high rate of turnover due to burn-out and greater work openings in other industries and overseas, this leads to a situation where even private ICUs fail to staff their units and retain standards. The mixture of high bed occupancy, chronically ill patients and novice nurses provides the ideal atmosphere for errors and incidents that can lead to lawsuits for damages. The condition is not any different on the medical side. The quality of treatment is that critically ill patients should be treated in ICUs by a team of health providers headed by critical care practitioners with specialty in Intensive Care. Not only surgeons, internists or anesthesiologists without specialization in Intensive Care, which they close holes in the gaps of the health system and do not have the proper education. We are all accustomed to thinking in terms of our primary specialty but this carries many risks. Intensive care training offers the skill to treat the patient comprehensively and systematically, something very important in patients of ICU. Although, we have to mention that there were few unexpected variations in malpractice claims occurring in ICU because of specific medical specialty. Preventive efforts should concentrate on procedures, regardless of the medical specialty, including: 1. Retaining procedural skills, 2. Well-framing of procedural hazards, and 3. Adequately describing post-procedural complications. Skills that are either innate or can be developed through ICU specialization training.

While critically ill patients in the private sector are frequently handled by separate and not suitable always, physicians, these doctors prefer to see the patient at different times of the day, give contradictory orders, and make their own private records. There is no team work usually. Also, under the best of conditions, ICU management often – one would say eventually – results in 'iatrogenic' disorders. John Marshall pointed out that critical disease is potentially iatrogenic and it only exists in people who have survived a life-threatening medical procedure. In addition, the entire structure of serious illness is focused on the effects of original resuscitation attempts or the outcomes of procedures that are regularly conducted in the ICU. It is

Introduction

The plants are part of a rich ecosystem in the soil [1], where bacteria generally colonize the plant rhizosphere and, sometimes, the endosphere. Some beneficial effects for plants may include assistance in getting nutrients and promoting plant growth by modulating growth-related hormones [2]. Other benefits include the reduction of damage caused by phytopathogen [3]. Filamentous plant pathogens can severely attack plants, and in agriculture, this could lead to high economic annual losses [4]. The suppressive soils support soil microorganisms as the first defense against soilborne pathogens. General suppressive soils have a high total microbial biomass, resulting in low protection against multiple pathogens. This strategy is dependent on the quality and quantity of soil organic matter and cover crops that enhance populations of beneficial microbes intended to antagonize associated crop pathogens primarily by occupying plant infection sites [5]. However, specific suppressive soils have a high concentration of specific microbial species and result in high protection against specific pathogens [6].

Cultural practices in agriculture have a strong influence on soil health through physicochemical characteristics and soil microbial communities. Beneficial cultural practices are used to improve soil health and can, in some cases, increase soil disease suppression [7]. According to Schlatter et al. [6], the relationship between soil properties and soil suppressiveness has not been deeply studied. Many different abiotic or biotic soil characteristics have been used to describe suppressiveness, but there is a lack of reliable descriptors.

The plant protection of certain bacteria against pathogens includes a wide range of mechanisms: antibiosis, competition for colonization sites, nutrients and minerals, parasitism, and cell lysis [8]. The protection can be caused by direct action due to antibiotic compounds or indirectly by promoting plant defense as induced systemic resistance [9]. The biological activity is also related to secondary metabolites production, low molecular mass products not essential for bacteria survival produced by secondary metabolism during the late growth phase (idiophase) [10]. These compounds are generally involved in the antibiosis or perform synergism with other inhibitors [11].

This mini-review focuses on some conditions needed to maintain a suppressive soil and the antibiotic compounds produced by the most studied bacteria groups. Because of these molecules' wide diversity, the classification is complex, and several criteria could be taken [12]. In this overview, the work description considers the bioactive metabolites as volatile compounds and non-ribosomal peptides in an integrated and general way difficult to determine the limits between cause and effect and between acceptable complications and preventable negligence [2-5].

Patients who survive a lengthy stay in the ICU are rarely left with life-long complications as a result. Prolonged muscle fatigue, neurological disabilities, and post-traumatic stress disorder involving both the patient and the family are usually described. Who can blame the patient for his anger?

Patients are most frequently admitted to intensive care as a result of an iatrogenic case. Researches showing that more than 21 per cent of admissions had a previous iatrogenic case, the most common being adverse drug disorders, postoperative illnesses and complications of surgical procedures. Personal injury attorneys extend the net extensively and ICU workers may be accused, particularly if the long-term condition is not specifically linked to the initial injury [6].

How do we defend ourselves from legal action that can be both socially and psychologically crippling, not to mention financially catastrophic, if one is not insured? Guidelines and protocols are not always solutions. Hospital managers appreciate directives because they transfer the responsibility to either the writer or the person who failed to obey [7].

The instructions have a position, but are of no value if they are out of date, so impractical that they cannot be complied with or agreed by the workers. There will never be a rule for any case, and there can be no formula for intensive care. By all means have basic rules, but they must be practical, versatile, approved and revised on a regular basis. The most critical thing is to uphold high professional expectations. This means ensuring that all medical professionals and nurses who treat chronically ill patients are critical care experts. In addition, they need to remain up to date with the constantly evolving field of critical care medicine. A multidisciplinary in-house academic curriculum is a positive start [8].

Second, intensive care administration should be focused on a team. The ICU team includes nurses, surgeons, dieticians, physiotherapists and others who contribute to patient care on a regular basis [9]. The team needs a leader, preferably an intensivist, who supports a 'flat hierarchy' and a transparent and efficient contact mechanism. This includes a joint management round where the different practitioners will offer feedback and remind, criticize and help each other [10].

Even a supreme chief cannot defeat a team when it comes to decision-making. Harmonious teaming often ensures that the patient and the family do not get mixed reports about the patient’s success and anticipated results. Holding good notes is necessary, not only as the most effective defensive tool in the (no doubt unlikely) case of a legal problem, but also as part of the contact on patient management. Notes should not only document clinical observations and incidents, but also the explanation why decisions have been taken. It is advisable to retain a copy of one's own reports and share them with colleagues in the patient's hospital folder [11-13].

Finally, maintaining a positive relationship with the patient's family is incredibly necessary, not only to get them navigate emotionally tough times, but also because they are the patient's proxy decision makers. Families need details, but the mistake of overwhelming them with medical care should be avoided. It is more important to give them time to pose questions. It is not generally possible to build a connection with the patient when they are seriously ill, so a follow-up visit after they have left the ICU is an important way to link with them at a personal level and at the same time give them an explanation of what has happened and what the potential effects are. In the case of patients who have died in the ICU, the interpersonal relationship that has developed with their relatives throughout their hospitalization [14].

We ought to have in our mind that most of malpractice cases are brought not out of malpractice or even because of concerns about the quality of medical treatment, but as an indication of frustration about any aspect of patient-doctor or doctor-relatives relations and contact. Intensivists who consider and will react adequately to the emotional needs of their patients are less likely to be sued [15,16]. This can also be transformed into a more accomplished practice of medicine by those doctors who are most mindful of the importance of a positive relationship. For more articles in JBGSR Click on https://biogenericpublishers.com/

To know more about this article click on https://biogenericpublishers.com/jbgsr.ms.id.00129.text/ https://biogenericpublishers.com/pdf/JBGSR.MS.ID.00129.pdf

For Online Submissions Click on https://biogenericpublishers.com/submit-manuscript/

[joomlastars]

Leeway #Multipurpose #OnePage #Creative With #Pagebuilder | #Joomla #Template

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[picardonhealth]

The coughing monster next door

Monday, March 30, 2020

ANDRÉ PICARD, The Globe and Mail 

When the U.S. sneezes, the old adage goes, Canada catches a cold.

But what happens when the U.S. coughs? When it coughs that dry hacking coronavirus cough?

We're about to find out.

The United States is now the epicentre of the global pandemic with more than 135,000 cases and 2,500 deaths, and counting.

Even Anthony Fauci, the level-headed director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, warns that 100,000 to 200,000 Americans could die of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.

In Canada, we have every reason to be alarmed. We could very well be on a similar trajectory.

Our two countries share the world's longest non-militarized border, one that stretches 8,891 kilometres. More importantly, about two-thirds of all Canadians live within 100 kilometres of the border.

We can't help but wonder if the mayhem that is being experienced by hospitals in New York State and nursing homes in Washington State - both of which are snuggled up against the Canadian border - will soon spill over.

In Canada, the common shorthand we use is taking U.S. statistics and dividing them by 10.

Yet we don't have one-tenth of the U.S.

cases, 13,500, or deaths, 250. We have a little fewer than half those numbers, about 6,500 and 60.

Does that mean Canada is doing twice as well as the U.S. in response to the coronavirus? Or does it mean we're doing half as much testing and wallowing in ignorance?

We're probably doing a little bit better than the United States on social distancing because we got an earlier start. We also started testing earlier, but the U.S. has ramped up quickly and is testing far more aggressively.

Canada recorded its first case of novel coronavirus on Jan. 15. The U.S. saw its first case Jan. 20.

January seems like a decade ago now but it's fair to say neither country acted with much urgency because the outbreak was still seen as one that was confined to China.

Still, the United States appointed a coronavirus task force. It was headed by VicePresident Mike Pence.

Canada took a lower-key approach: Public health officials were in charge and politicians largely took a back seat.

Canada's response, at least on the health side, has been neither politicized nor partisan.

In Canada, politicians have taken advice from public health officials and acted on it without much pushback. (On the economic side of the equation, it's quite different. That is the bailiwick of politicians.)

In the U.S., President Donald Trump has, as always, insisted on taking centre stage. He routinely pushes aside and contradicts public health officials by saying, for example, that lockdowns should end soon and by touting unproven treatments. The President's policy flip-flops are dizzying.

In contrast to Mr. Trump's bombast, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has been almost self-effacing. Seemingly worried at treading on provincial toes, he has emerged from self-isolation each morning largely to lob bromidic marshmallows about the importance of staying at home.

The other common problem our two countries have experienced is mixed messaging coming from provinces and states.

In the U.S., about 160 million people have "shelter in place" orders but in some states it's business as usual. In Canada, it took 10 days for all the provinces and territories to declare states of emergency, and they all mean something slightly different.

What we don't know is how well social distancing and selfisolation orders are being respected, and what difference they will make.

The American coronavirus testing debacle has been welldocumented.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created a test but it didn't work, and that cost public-health officials almost a month.

Canada, for its part, started testing much earlier but ramped up very slowly.

The result is that, in both countries, it's estimated that the real number of cases is five to 10 times the official number.

Ultimately, only time will tell how the two countries compare.

For Canada, the most frightening aspect of the U.S. outbreak is seeing how it has overwhelmed New York hospitals.

U.S. hospitals have excess capacity; Canada's tend to routinely operate overcapacity.

In Canada, we have a lot less wiggle room, and the ability of hospitals to withstand an influx of cases will be tested in the coming days.

First, we need to see if we can handle our own outbreak.

Then we may have to deal with impact of the coughing monster next door.

[nilnews4]

Sober Thalinomics: Low food inflation must continue to be a key policy goal in India

Sober Thalinomics: Low food inflation must continue to be a key policy goal in India

By Neelkanth Mishra

The distress caused to farmers due to low food prices is now welldocumented: As the terms of trade turned against farmers, an important channel of transfer of wealth from the rich to the poor was stalled. However, the discourse has now moved too far in that direction with some economists going to the extent of saying it is important for India to have high food inflation. Some…

[ecadimi-blog]

The root causes of crime

The pursuit of the understanding of the main causes of crime becomes a very difficult endeavor . Some say that it comes from the feeling of greed , our surrounding growing up, family trait or the lack of intelligence. To better understand the matter I believe it is incredible important to acknowledge that  Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions. An understanding of root causes cannotand should not be seen as a way to absolve us from personal accountability. However, whileindividuals have an obligation to act responsibly and with respect for their fellow citizens,communities have a responsibility to address those conditions, which hinder healthydevelopment and can become the breeding ground for rime. The root causes of crime are welldocumented and researched. Crime is primarily the outcome of multiple adverse social,economic, cultural and family conditions. To prevent crime it is important to have an understanding of its roots.                    The economy of the country is one of the main factors in the increase or decline in crime activity.In addition to lack of financial resources, poverty manifests itself in a lack of educationalopportunities, lack of meaningful employment options, poor housing, lack of hope and theprejudice against persons living in poverty.Our social structure mirrors to citizens and communities what we value and how we setpriorities. Social root causes of crime are: inequality, not sharing power, lack of support tofamilies and neighborhoods, real or perceived inaccessibility to services, lack of leadership incommunities, low value placed on children and individual well-being, the overexposure totelevision as a means of recreation.Many researchers  study the theory  of believing that family structures has  a big role  in criminals.The CSCPC believes that families are uniquely placed in contributing to raising healthyresponsible members of society. But the task of putting children first goes well beyond thefamily to include communities and society. Dysfunctional family conditions contribute to futuredelinquency. The conditions  that might lead to a life of crime might include:Parental inadequacy,Parental conflict , Parental criminality ,Lack of communication (both in quality and quantity),Lack of respect and responsibility,Abuse and neglect of children,Family violence. It has come time to go from reacting to crimes with violence  to  having  a real  goal as a society to prevent crimes.Crime can be closely linked to the conditions for children in our community. There is a stronglink between reducing risk and building resilience in children and decreasing crime. Problemsarise when the larger social, political and economic systems within which children live jeopardize the family's resources and create stress on the family unit. As a result, the provision of appropriate care and required resources to all children will have great significance for their long term physical, intellectual, and emotional well-being and their development into independent, healthy adults. I truly believe Thecriminal of tomorrow is often the vulnerable child of today.Vulnerable children are those at risk for significant and enduring social, emotional, or behavioral problems. These children are more likely to be dependent on public resources over the course of their development, particularly through the child welfare, social assistance, corrections, or mental health service systems. All children are potentially vulnerable and may develop emotional or behavioral problems when their own physical or emotional resources are unable to meet the challenges of their social and physical environment.There are three levels of prevention: Primary prevention efforts try to ensure the health of the community as a whole byattempting tostop adverse conditions from developing in the first place. Programs which address parenting,family support, adequate housing, etc. could all be considered primary prevention if they areuniversally accessible and offered before any difficulties are identified. Primary prevention canbe the most cost-effective method of dealing with a problem because it can reduce costs in manydifferent areas over the long term. Universal programs are only ever as effective as their abilityto include and support populations at risk.Secondary prevention attempts to stop a crime from occurring after certain "warning signs" haveappeared. An example might be programs, which focus on a specific problem or problem group.Anti-social ordelinquent behavior (e.g., disrespect for school staff; spray-painting slogans onbuildings) can often be stopped through early intervention in problem situations beforethey become more serious and lead to a life of crime or victimization.Law enforcement efforts generally fall into the category of tertiary prevention. Sentencing aperson to prison ensures that they will not commit a crime while serving their sentence. This iscrime prevention after the fact because the person is known to the community and has alreadybroken the law. While these measures ensure (for a time) that an offender cannot commit anotheroffense they cannot reverse the effects of the original crime.        It is crucial to understand the main risk factors .When several risk factors are combined, there is a higher probability that crime occurs. "RootCause" is not the most accurate term when talking about risk factors. In fact a cause-effect mindset makes it too easy to assume that the existence of a risk factor inevitably leads to criminality.For example, the research literature overwhelmingly points to poverty as a factor in criminalbehavior. However, many poor people do not engage in crime. A great deal of research andstudy has taken place in the field of criminology over the past 50 years. The data is supported bylife-cycle studies in other disciplines including health, education and social science. Researchfrom studies in Europe, Canada and the U.S. examined personal characteristics of convictedoffenders, relationships with family and peers, self reporting data, neighborhood characteristicsand other data to come to four major conclusions: Occasional and Persistent Delinquents,We need to distinguish between occasional and persistent offenders. For example, 81% ofadolescents commit a criminal offence at some time during their adolescence (e.g. mischief,experimentation with drugs, shoplifting, etc.); 9% of adolescent offenders commit seriousoffenses. In economically disadvantaged areas, 7% of men are responsible for over 50% of alloffenses. Persistent offenders engage in criminal behavior earlier and continue longer.High Crime Areas are the focus points  of many  criminality analytical to acknowledge the roots of crime.  Crime rates differ markedly within cities as well as different areas across Canada. For example,northern communities in Canada have substantially higher violent and property crimes than thenational average. Police forces everywhere can point to neighbor hoods and urban areas whichexperience higher crime rates.Risk factors combine to make the probability of criminal behavior more likely. No one variableshould be considered in isolation. Following are the major risk factors supported in research.Many persistent offenders begin their involvement in anti-social activities before and duringadolescence. Age alone is not a risk factor. It must be looked at in context of poverty, racism,family violence, parental and community neglect and problems at school. Research intopersistent offending has emphasized the need to focus prevention efforts on early childhoodyears. Birth to age 5 is the most critical time for healthy social and emotional development. In our current society , gender is use to  understand crime.While crime rates for females have increased in recent years, males are much more likely to beinvolved in crime. The research points out that crime usually involves aggression, risk taking anpredatory behavior. I want to conclude this paper by expressing what is the main cause of crime in my opinion. Social and Economic Disadvantage goes to the top of my list when it comes to the causes of breaking the law. Low family income and poor housing often amplify poor parental supervision, marital disharmony, inconsistent care, poor nutrition, chronic health care problems, poor school performance and psychological disorders. Unsatisfactory living conditions are particularly stressful during pregnancy. Fetal development is negatively affected by maternal stress. Such stress has shown to be closely related to ill-health, neurological problems, slow development and behaviour disturbances in children. While there is not direct cause and effect relationship between poverty and crime, the conditions arising out of poverty combine to create "high" risk populations who are over-represented in the criminal justice system. Read the full article

[pochaunnuswalker]

Yes ii killed that muthafucka it's very welldocumented goddamnit