#water tanker deployment

[townpostin]

Mango Area Faces Acute Water Shortage, BJP Leader Intervenes

Former BJP district president meets with Mango Municipal Corporation official over crisis Water scarcity in Mango has prompted BJP leader Devendra Singh to meet with local officials, demanding swift action to resolve the crisis. JAMSHEDPUR – The ongoing water shortage that is affecting residents was the subject of a meeting between BJP leader Devendra Singh and officials from the Mango Municipal…

[usafphantom2]

Two U.S. B-52 Bombers Make Historic First Deployment To Romania

On their way to Romania, the two strategic bombers were intercepted by Russian MiG-31 and MiG-29 aircraft.

David Cenciotti

B-52 Romania

A B-52H Stratofortress from the 20th Bomb Squadron, Barksdale Air Force Base, La., makes its initial landing at Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Romania, in support of Bomber Task Force Deployment 24-4, July 21, 2024. (U.S. Air Force Photo by Senior Airman Seth Watson)

On Jul. 21, 2024, two B-52H Stratofortress aircraft from the U.S. Air Force’s 2nd Bomb Wing, stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, landed at Mihail Kogalniceanu Airbase in Romania as part of Bomber Task Force 24-4.

The deployment was somehow spoiled by the presence of several KC-135 tankers from the 100th ARW (Air Refueling Wing) out of RAF Mildenhall, tracking online as they supported the BUFFs (Big Ugly Fat Fellow – as the B-52 is nicknamed among the pilots community) on their way to Romania.

In fact, the B-52s were escorted by Finnish Air Force F/A-18C Hornets and German Air Force Eurofighters over the Gulf of Finland.

During their flight over the Barents Sea, the B-52s, operating in international airspace in compliance with international law, were intercepted by two Russian aircraft around 8 a.m. Central European Time. Despite the interception, the B-52s maintained their flight path and continued their mission as planned, including integration exercises with NATO fighter jets, before landing at Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base.

This is a translation of the statement released by the Russian MOD:

To identify an air target and prevent violation of the State Border of the Russian Federation, MiG-29 and MiG-31 fighters from the air defense forces on duty were scrambled into the air.

Russian fighter crews identified the aerial target as a pair of US Air Force B-52H strategic bombers.

As Russian fighters approached, American strategic bombers made a turn from the State Border of the Russian Federation.

Russian aircraft returned safely to their home airfields, and no violations of the State Border of the Russian Federation were allowed.

The flight of Russian fighters was carried out in strict accordance with international rules for the use of airspace over neutral waters and in compliance with safety measures.

As per standard BTF deployments, while in Europe, the strategic aircraft will operate as an Expeditionary Bomb Squadron (the 20th EBS in this case) engaging in joint operations with NATO Allies and other international partners to enhance capabilities and reinforce security commitments within the U.S. European Command’s jurisdiction.

A KC-135 Stratotanker from the 100th Air Refueling Wing, Royal Air Force Mildenhall, England, refuels a B-52H Stratofortress from the 2nd Bomb Wing, Barksdale Air Force Base, La., while escorted by a Finnish F/A-18C Hornet during Bomber Task Force deployment 24-4, July 21, 2024. (Courtesy Photo)

This deployment marks the first instance of U.S. strategic bombers operating from Romanian territory.

General James Hecker, commander of USAFE-AFAFRICA, emphasized the importance of being positioned to deliver a range of capabilities globally. He stated that Bomber Task Force missions provide valuable opportunities to improve agile combat employment tactics, techniques, and procedures. Hecker highlighted that these collaborative efforts with Allies enable U.S. forces to address current and future threats effectively.

According to the U.S. Air Force, regular deployments of U.S. strategic bombers underscore the U.S. commitment to NATO Allies and partners. These missions enhance dynamic force employment in the European theater, providing strategic assurance to Allies while deterring potential adversaries with operational unpredictability.

Two B-52H Stratofortresses from Barksdale Air Force Base, La., fly in formation with fighter jets from Romania and Finland as they arrive at Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base, Romania, in support of Bomber Task Force Deployment 24-4, July 21, 2024. (U.S. Air Force Photo by Senior Airman Seth Watson)

Hecker further noted the U.S. dedication to working with NATO Allies and partners along the Eastern Flank to ensure combined skills and coordination necessary for regional safety, security, and stability. Regular strategic bomber deployments demonstrate the readiness and integration capabilities of the U.S. and NATO to deter threats and defend the Alliance.

The previous deployment, Bomber Task Force 24-3, saw four B-52H Stratofortress bombers assigned to the 69th Expeditionary Bomb Squadron from Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, operate from RAF Fairford, UK, from May 20 to June 18 – 20 (the four aircraft returned home in pairs, two days apart).

A pair of B-52H Stratofortresses from Barksdale Air Force Base, La., fly in formation alongside Romanian and Finnish fighter jets as part of Bomber Task Force deployment 24-4, July 21, 2024. BTF 24-4 underpins the NATO alliance’s collective deterrence and commitment to defending the Euro-Atlantic region from hostile actions. (Courtesy Photo)

About David Cenciotti

David Cenciotti is a journalist based in Rome, Italy. He is the Founder and Editor of “The Aviationist”, one of the world’s most famous and read military aviation blogs. Since 1996, he has written for major worldwide magazines, including Air Forces Monthly, Combat Aircraft, and many others, covering aviation, defense, war, industry, intelligence, crime and cyberwar. He has reported from the U.S., Europe, Australia and Syria, and flown several combat planes with different air forces. He is a former 2nd Lt. of the Italian Air Force, a private pilot and a graduate in Computer Engineering. He has written five books and contributed to many more ones.

@TheAviationist.com

[beardedmrbean]

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The U.S. military is considering putting armed personnel on commercial ships traveling through the Strait of Hormuz, in what would be an unheard of action aimed at stopping Iran from seizing and harassing civilian vessels, four American officials told The Associated Press on Thursday.

America didn't even take the step during the so-called “Tanker War,” which culminated with the U.S. Navy and Iran fighting a one-day naval battle in 1988 that was the Navy's largest since World War II.

While officials offered few details of the plan, it comes as thousands of Marines and sailors on both the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan and the USS Carter Hall, a landing ship, are on their way to the Persian Gulf. Those Marines and sailors could provide the backbone for any armed guard mission in the strait, through which 20% of all the world’s crude oil passes.

Iran's mission to the United Nations did not immediately respond to a request for comment from the AP about the U.S. proposal.

Four U.S. officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the proposal, acknowledged its broad details. The officials stressed no final decision had been made and that discussions continue between U.S. military officials and America's Gulf Arab allies in the region.

Officials said the Marines and Navy sailors would provide the security only at the request of the ships involved. The Bataan and Carter Hall left Norfolk, Virginia, on July 10 on a mission the Pentagon described as being “in response to recent attempts by Iran to threaten the free flow of commerce in the Strait of Hormuz and its surrounding waters.” The Bataan passed through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea last week on its way to the Mideast.Already, the U.S. has sent A-10 Thunderbolt II warplanes, F-16 and F-35 fighters, as well as the destroyer USS Thomas Hudner, to the region over Iran’s actions at sea. The deployment has captured Iran's attention, with its chief diplomat telling neighboring nations that the region doesn't need “foreigners” providing security. On Wednesday, Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard launched a surprise military drill on disputed islands in the Persian Gulf, with swarms of small fast boats, paratroopers and missile units taking part. The renewed hostilities come as Iran now enriches uranium closer than ever to weapons-grade levels after the collapse of its 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. The U.S. also has pursued ships across the world believed to be carrying sanctioned Iranian oil. Oil industry worries over another seizure by Iran likely has left a ship allegedly carrying Iranian oil stranded off Texas as no company has yet to unload it.

[stevetown]

Can confirm that nothing makes folks in a firehouse happier than showing off the rigs. They're very nerdy about it and if you see someone hanging out and want to ask to see the trucks or ask questions, do it!

Some more facts (specifically about more rural departments, not necessarily for cities):

The truck OP saw was a Ladder Truck whose job isn't to pump water (although they may have a small tank), but just be a big ass ladder. They generally have the job of finding the fire (yes, it's not always obvious where the seat of the fire is when there's a ton of smoke!) and doing searches for victims/pets.

An Engine is the one with all the hoses. Their primary job is to show up and put water on the fire, or they may get sent to draft in rural areas without hydrants, which involves sucking up water from nearby water sources (anything from streams to swimming pools, you take what you can get.)

A Tanker is just that - a big tanker that transports water. They may also have gigantic deployable pools that they can use to dump their water at the scene for an engine to draft and then go get more.

A Rescue truck is usually used for incidents like motor vehicle accidents and the like. This has the jaws of life, but also has some other cool stuff like airbags that you can stick in small areas and are slated to lift really heavy objects.

Please support and be nice to your local fire department, especially if they're volunteers! They do a lot more than just put out fires, including responding to CO alarms, handling many false alarms, cutting people out of car accidents, and yes the occasional cat stuck in a tree.

I adore this

[netsolwatersblog]

Are You Looking For The Best Commercial RO Plant Manufacturer In Faridabad ?

Faridabad is a town in the on the SouthEast of Haryana facing Water-Scarcity that has become a severe & challenging issue for this Region, like other portions of Haryana.

With declining groundwater levels & absence of alternative but reliable water sources, providing adequate & potable drinking water to the expanding population has become difficult. Ensuring water security calls for sustainable technological solutions like Commercial RO Plants utilizing multiple raw water sources. Representing as a district headquarters, Faridabad extensively demands the deployment of Commercial RO installations from reliable & reputable local manufacturers.

Situation of Water in Faridabad Town

The majority of water supply in Faridabad is obtained from the ground using hand pumps & tube wells. Nevertheless, total reliance on this threatened groundwater has caused the water tables to fall to dangerous levels. In addition to providing the necessary amount, the majority of operating hand pumps also produce hard water that is unfit for human consumption. The surface water supplies in ponds & rivers are constantly being depleted for agricultural, industrial & various other purposes.

The flow of the drainage & channels flowing from the rivers nearby is still unpredictable. The town body's irregular supply of water left Residents of Faridabad & its various industries demanding for more water supply. Private tankers are too costly & unfeasible for routine large-scale usage.

In view of this situation, technologically assisted options like reverse osmosis are essential for providing Faridabad with clean water in a sustainable & environmentally responsible manner. Multiple feed sources can potentially be handled by RO plants since their flexibility enables decentralized deployments around the city to reduce the transmission losses that afflict the existing system.

The Role of Netsol Water as a Commercial RO Plant Manufacturer in Faridabad

Netsol Water provides Faridabad with end-to-end solutions that are customized to address particular water difficulties, drawing on two decades of experience gained from numerous installations. The product line covers demands for homes, businesses, & institutions with capacities ranging from 500 LPH to One Lakh LPH.

Because of its strategically placed manufacturing facilities, Netsol Water can design as well as manufacture RO plants that consider the regional source of water characteristics. The nearby warehouses make replacement parts easily accessible, which enables quick response times for troubleshooting requirements. Having a prime geographic location also indicates that maintenance checks, upgrades, & retrofits may be easily accessed.

In Faridabad, Netsol Water has already completed many projects, including a rooftop powered by solar-operated RO Plant units.The technical staff ensures the best results by supervising installations from surveying the site to commissioning. Netsol Water, which has its operating infrastructure in Faridabad, is still an essential partner for clean water solutions.

Monitoring the situation & accordingly Treating Water Problems in Faridabad:

Demand for water in Faridabad will increase as the city grows & becomes more industrialized unless supply is increased to keep up. The answer is localized Industrial RO plants that produce cleaned water in a decentralized manner using minimum technology. These modular designs & small footprints allow these RO installations to be installed in office buildings, residential complexes, industrial spaces, & neighborhoods.

Since they are fed by the closest input sources, they eliminate the necessity for distant water transmission, which can lead to severe losses due to some reason such as leakage. Because of advanced technology & the integration of solar energy remotely, they can function without human involvement.

Netsol Water has installed various localized RO water systems using surface water, open wells, & tube wells that are specially made for each city. The smallest amount of area gets utilized by small or average-sized plants that generate water on request at the site itself.

Even though Netsol Water reduces the need for large initial or upfront capital expenditures & investments in large urban operations, it ultimately leaves loopholes or deficiencies in the infrastructure projects to meet the growing needs of individual neighborhoods.

When properly maintained under maintenance contracts, these RO plants can consistently provide Faridabad's dispersed consumption centers with drinking water of the highest caliber worldwide. To ensure water security, new community-scale plants by localized experts like Netsol Water are essential as officials in Faridabad works very hard to guarantee coverage for everyone. Their methods may be implemented in energy-efficient closed loops to complement the current supply infrastructure.

Conclusion:

The depletion of groundwater is making it more difficult to acquire water; which is why, RO technology from expert commercial RO plant manufacturer in Faridabad is offering a decentralized & sustainable alternative such as Netsol Water playing a great role in acquiring such goals.

Through area-focused RO plants, Netsol Water, a dependable local partner with proximity & comprehensive domain experience, assists Faridabad in addressing its drinking water concerns. By combining automated processes, energy from renewable sources, & thorough maintenance, their products make clean water accessible throughout the city. More community-level RO plants can make a significant contribution as Faridabad prepares for its expanding future demands by filling up the gaps in quality as well as quantity.

With its contextual expertize & on-the-ground assistance, Netsol Water makes a significant contribution to this by providing specialized water purification systems that are advantageous to both homes & businesses. To ensure longevity in securing water safely, teamwork as well as efficient support must be present in between urban business leaders, & suppliers of various machinery is essential.

[thxnews]

HMS Diamond Joins Operation Prosperity Guardian

  Royal Navy's Critical Role in Maritime Security

The Royal Navy Destroyer HMS Diamond has recently joined Operation Prosperity Guardian, a crucial international task force dedicated to ensuring the freedom of navigation in the strategic waters of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This deployment comes in response to ongoing Houthi attacks against commercial vessels, highlighting the increasing need for robust maritime security measures.  

International Efforts to Secure Trade Routes

Operation Prosperity Guardian is not a solitary effort. Alongside HMS Diamond, the task force includes three US destroyers and a French warship, all operating in the Southern Red Sea. This multinational partnership, with support from countries like Bahrain, Norway, and the Seychelles, focuses on protecting freedom of navigation, international trade, and human life by countering illicit non-state actors in international waters.   Addressing the Escalating Red Sea Threat The security situation in the Red Sea has deteriorated significantly, with Houthi attacks – including the use of ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial systems against global shipping – posing an increased threat. These incidents have had a direct impact on global trade, leading major operators like Maersk and BP to pause sailing through the region. This pause not only increases costs but also adds significant time to journeys, underlining the urgent need for enhanced security measures.   Global Coalition Response to Maritime Threats In a recent virtual meeting with approximately 20 Defence Ministers from around the globe, including the US, the urgent need for a coordinated international response to these maritime threats was discussed. Defence Secretary Grant Shapps emphasized the need for an international solution to these illegal attacks, which pose a severe threat to the global economy and regional security, and risk driving up fuel prices.   HMS Diamond's Active Involvement in the Region HMS Diamond's deployment in the Red Sea, following Defence Secretary Grant Shapps's authorization, marks a significant step in the UK's commitment to maritime security. One of the Royal Navy's most advanced warships, HMS Diamond has already demonstrated its capabilities by shooting down a suspected attack drone targeting merchant shipping in the region.   Ensuring the Safety of Vital Global Trade Routes The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden are crucial global trade routes, particularly for tankers carrying liquefied natural gas to the UK. Protecting these routes is vital not only for the UK's energy security but also for the smooth functioning of international trade. HMS Diamond's presence, along with other ships in the task force, ensures the safety and security of these essential maritime pathways.   Sources: THX News, Ministry of Defence & The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP. Read the full article

[qrtumb]

Global FPSO Market Size, Trends, and Forecast 2022-2027

Global FPSO Market was valued at US$ 11,911.53 Million in 2021, estimated to reach US$ 20,415.71 Million in 2027, with a CAGR 7.36% from 2022-2027.

A floating production system that receives fluids (crude oil, water and a host of other things) from a subsea reservoir through risers, which then separate fluids into crude oil, natural gas, water and impurities within the topsides production facilities onboard is called as an FPSO.

Get a Sample Copy of this Report@ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/FPSO-Market/request-sample

Market Drivers

Due to the rise in need for dependable power caused by industrial growth and advancement, there is an increasing need for oil substitutes. The global FPSO market is expanding as a result of this aspect. The FPSO market is being stimulated by an increase in offshore activities in deep and ultra-deep waters as a result of increased investments in this sector.

The FPSO unit uses cutting-edge technologies, such as fixed stacked structures, to produce oil in deeper waters and isolated locations. Additionally, FPSOs store refined crude oil and have an offloading mechanism for transferring the crude to tankers for delivery to refineries. The capacity of FPSOs to endure in challenging working conditions in the global oil & gas industry is what drives the FPSO market.

Additionally, it is anticipated that rising oil and gas demand will accelerate the development of oil and gas reserves. As a result, the worldwide FPSO market is probably going to grow.

Market Restraints

Building and integrating numerous structures and components is necessary for the construction of floating production, storage, and unloading boats, which costs a sizable sum of money.

Additionally, a number of selection and designing factors, such as production capacity, hydrocarbon reserves, the quantity of wells, water depth, and existing infrastructure that limits the building and operational flexibility, are taken into account for the deployment of FPSO in the oil and gas industry. These elements could have an effect on the expansion of the FPSO market.

Market Segmentation

FPSO Market is segmented into major 4 categories. Based on Ownership, the market is divided into Operator-owned, Contractor-owned. Based on Water Depth, the market is segmented into Shallow Water, Deep Water, Ultra-deep Water. Based on Region, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East.

Regional Analysis

Latin America market dominates the FPSO market across the world owing to the rising investments in exploring deep water areas in Latin America. The existence of main offshore fields in Brazil like Santos, Campos, etc. is creating potential revenue opportunities for market players. 

Asia pacific region also witness the substantial growth in FPSO market as in Asia Pacific, the demand for natural gas has increased owing to the increased use of gas in various industries. This has eventually fuelled the FPSO demand in the region for the extraction of oil & gas from offshore and onshore sites.

Get Discount on this Report@ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/FPSO-Market/ask-for-discount

Market Key Players

Some of the key players operating in Global FPSO Market are Modec Inc., SBM Offshore NV, BW Offshore Limited, Teekay Offshore Partners LP, Bluewater Holding BV, Saipem SpA, Petrofac Limited, Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras), CNOOC Ltd, TotalEnergies SE.

Industry development

In March 2022 SBM OffshoreNV, launched its new floating wind energy solution, Float4WindTM. Float4WindTM is the second-generation of SBM Offshore’s innovative offshore wind floater technology, a key aspect of the Company’s long-term strategy to support the energy transition.The new and improved version of the Tension Leg Platform (TLP) design, a technology historically utilized in traditional oil & gas production, is ideal for harnessing offshore wind power due to its low motion. . SBM Offshore can offer clients a solution that provides a number of benefits.

In January 2020 Teekay Offshore Partners L.P. (Teekay Offshore or the Partnership) announced that, effective January 22, merger and was acquired by Brookfield Business Partners L.P. and Changed its name to Altera Infrastructure L.P.

In August 2022 MODEC is pleased to announce that they have started onshore tests to confirm the drilling performance on a simulated soft mud ground several tens of meters below the seabed at the Okhotsk Regional Innovation Research Park (former site of the Kitami Racetrack) in Kitami City, Hokkaido, and have confirmed that the performance has reached a level that enables efficient harvest of methane hydrate in granular form.

Browse Full Report https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/FPSO-Market

[histonics]

On todays episode of "Little known US History events"....

June 8th, 1967, during the Six-Day War, Israeli aircraft and torpedo boats attack the USS Liberty in international waters off Egypt’s Gaza Strip. The intelligence ship, well-marked as an American vessel and only lightly armed, was attacked first by Israeli aircraft that fired napalm and rockets at the ship. The Liberty attempted to radio for assistance, but the Israeli aircraft blocked the transmissions. Eventually, the ship was able to make contact with the U.S. carrier Saratoga, and 12 fighter jets and four tanker planes were dispatched to defend the Liberty.

When word of their deployment reached Washington, however, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara ordered them recalled to the carrier, and they never reached the Liberty. The reason for the recall remains unclear. Back in the Mediterranean, the initial air raid against the Liberty was over. Nine of the 294 crewmembers were dead and 60 were wounded. Suddenly, the ship was attacked by Israeli torpedo boats, which launched torpedoes and fired artillery at the ship. Under the command of its wounded captain, William L. McGonagle, the Liberty managed to avert four torpedoes, but one struck the ship at the waterline. Heavily damaged, the ship launched three lifeboats, but these were also attacked. Failing to sink the Liberty, which displaced 10,000 tons, the Israelis finally desisted. In all, 34 Americans were killed and 171 were wounded in the two-hour attack. In the attack’s aftermath, the Liberty managed to limp to a safe port.

[nicholassabalos]

The next hospital ship?

WASHINGTON, DC (July 28, 2020) -- The United States Navy is considering a proposed new class of hospital ships to replace the aging USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) and USNS Comfort (T-AH 20).

Sister hospital ships USNS Mercy and USNS Comfort are approaching 35 years old....and are built on hulls that are 45 years old. (They were originally built to be commercial oil tankers in the mid-1970s....but never served that purpose. The U.S. Navy bought the hulls in the mid-1980s, transforming them into hospital ships.)

The next-gen naval hospital design proposal from shipbuilder Austal USA would place the state-of-the-art medical facilities on an existing hull form, currently used by the Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport (EPF) vessel. There are currently seven vessels on such a hull in the Navy inventory.

                                        USNS Spearhead (HSV 1)

These new hospital ships would be significantly smaller in size....but not necessarily in capability. With a shallow draft, the ships would be able to operate with greater flexibility in coastal waters and smaller ports. In addition, they would be able to accommodate the MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft (Note the artist’s concept in the second image up top.), along with helicopters, on its flight deck.

Buying up to four of these new hospital ships is under consideration....giving the United States much greater flexibility in their deployment -- both in warfare and in humanitarian assistance operations.

The U.S. Navy is considering other designs for the next generation of Fleet hospital ships, but this design could prove to be the most intriguing and, ultimately, the most effective. A final design decision and acquisition contract is expected in the next couple of years.

                                    _________________________

>>CLICK the photos for a closer look....

>>Top two images: Austal USA

                                           *          *          *          *

Looking back on historic hospital ships....

    American hospital ship USS Comfort (AH 6) during World War II

[jemch]

How It’s Made Index（S11~S20）

How It’s Made是由 Discovery Channel 制作一款王牌节目，又被翻译为制造的原理或造物小百科， 本片从2001年推出至今，涵盖了几乎所有的制造技术 ，非常适合机械专业和对此感兴趣的同学。希望大家享受这趟制造的艺术之旅！

第十一季推出时间为2008-09-10至2008-12-03

S11E01 Binoculars; Sparklers; Rubber Boots; Circular Saw Blades 望远镜，焰火，长统水靴，圆锯锯片

本集看点：光学镜头的精密组装制程，AR镀膜制程；

S11E02 Anatomical Models; Jukeboxes; Tortilla Chips; Spark Plugs 解剖学模型，自动点唱机，墨西哥玉米片，火花塞

S11E03 Pencils; Metal Recycling; Coffee 铅笔，金属回收，咖啡

S11E04 Javelins; Cuckoo Clocks; Hearts of Palm; Windshield Wipers 标枪，布谷鸟钟，棕榈芯，雨刷

S11E05 Technical Glass; Washing Machines; Playing Cards; Crossbows 工业玻璃，洗衣机，扑克牌，弩

本集看点：玻璃镜片的模具加工制程；

S11E06 Cine Cameras; Glass Christmas Ornaments; Giant Tires 电影摄影机，圣诞节玻璃装饰品，巨型轮胎

S11E07 Microphones; Hot Tubs; Artificial Turf; Beer Steins 麦克风，按摩缸，人工草坪，啤酒杯

S11E08 Hot Rods; Decorative Eggs; Fire Hose Nozzles; Baseballs 改装车，装饰蛋，灭火水龙带喷嘴，棒球

S11E09 Accordions; Pineapples; Artificial Joints 手风琴，菠萝，人工关节

S11E10 Giant Valves; Sardines; Barographs; Disposable Diapers 巨型阀门，沙丁鱼罐头，气压计，一次性尿片

S11E11 Heated Skate Blades; Gliders; Hand Bells; Fire Hoses 加热式冰靴，滑翔机，手摇铃铛，灭火水龙带

S11E12 Induction Cooktops; Truck Scales; Tetra Pak Containers; Harmonicas 电磁炉，车重地衡，利乐包装盒，口琴

S11E13 Baseball Gloves; Medical Electrodes; Stetson Hats 棒球手套，医疗电极，牛仔帽

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:d779bce9b74c0b6e06c209442fe6d2bd0577fd92&dn

第十二季推出时间为2008-09-10至2008-12-03

S12E01 Pneumatic Impact Wrenches; Cultured Marble Sinks; Plantain Chips; NASCAR Stock Cars 气动扳手，人造大理石水池，炸香蕉片，纳斯卡赛车

S12E02 Jaws of Life; Artificial Christmas Trees; Soda Crackers; Ratchets 救生钳，人造圣诞树，苏打饼干，棘轮扳手

S12E03 Thermometers; Produce Scales; Aircraft Painting; Luxury Chocolates 温度计，挂秤，飞机机身彩绘，高档巧克力

S12E04 Carburetors; Air Conditioners; Sugar 气化器，空调机，糖

S12E05 Combination Wrenches; Deli Meats; Golf Carts; Airships 组合扳手，香肠，高尔夫球车，飞艇

S12E06 Carbon Fibre Car Parts; Hand Dryers; Recycled Polyester Yarn; Fleece 碳纤维汽车零件，手烘干机，回收聚酯制丝线，羊毛布料

S12E07 Police Badges; Muffins; Car Washes; Pressure Gauges 警徽，松饼，洗车房，压力表

S12E08 Metal Detectors; Rum; Tiffany Reproductions; Aircraft Engines 金属探测器，兰姆酒， 蒂凡尼灯具，飞机引擎

S12E09 Riding Mowers; Popcorn; Adjustable Beds; Cultured Diamonds 乘骑式割草机，爆米花，可调床垫，人造钻石

S12E10 Airstream Trailers; Horseradish; Industrial Steam Boilers; Deodorant 流线型拖车，辣根，工业蒸汽锅炉，防臭剂

S12E11 Screwdrivers; Compact Track Loaders; Physician Scales; Carbon Fibre Bats 螺丝刀，链带式装卸机，体重秤，碳纤维棒球棒

S12E12 Escalators; Kevlar Canoes; Goat Cheese; Disc Music Boxes 自动扶梯，凯夫拉尔独木舟，羊奶酪，碟式音乐盒

S12E13 Motorcycle Engines; Glass Enamel Sculptures; Hand-Made Paper; Vaulting Poles 摩托车引擎，玻璃搪瓷雕刻，手工纸，撑竿

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:f97da4fb8bfc1cf29bb923ad6dd2eaff6b522c9d&dn

第十三季推出时间为2009-05-01至2009-07-24

S13E01 Hammers; Swiss Cheese; Roller Skates; Coloured Pencils 锤子，瑞士奶酪，旱冰鞋，彩色铅笔

S13E02 Carbon Fiber Bicycles; Blood Products; Forged Chandeliers; Ballpoint Pens 碳纤维自行车，血液制品，锻造吊灯，圆珠笔

本集看点：如何用碳纤维制作自行车支架；

S13E03 Swiss Army Knives; Player Piano Rolls; Oil Tankers; Racing Wheels 瑞士军刀，钢琴演奏器，油轮，赛车轮毂

本集看点：真瑞士军刀！

S13E04 Bowling Balls; Barber Poles; Felt; Radar Guns 保龄球，旋转彩柱，毛毡，雷达测速枪

S13E05 Pipe Fittings; Music Boxes; Pepper Mills; Hot Rod Steering Columns 铜管件，圆柱音乐盒，胡椒磨，汽车方向柱

S13E06 Gears; Leather Watchbands; Vitrelle Dishes; Kitchen Shears 齿轮，真皮表带，抗摔玻璃碗碟，厨用剪刀

本集看点：齿轮插齿和滚齿制程；

S13E07 Pressure Cookers; Mechanical Singing Birds; Oceanographic Buoys; Tank Trailers 高压锅，唱歌机械鸟，浮标，不锈钢罐拖车

S13E08 Aluminum Boats; Alpine Horns; Luxury Watches 铝壳船，高山牛角，豪华手表

S13E09 ATVs; Alpine Skis; Laser Cutters; Marble Sculptures 全地形车，高山滑雪板，激光切割机，大理石雕塑

S13E10 Socket Sets; Leather Shoes; Aluminum Water Bottles; Bike Chains 套筒扳手，皮鞋，铝制水瓶，自行车链条

S13E11 Carved Wood Sculptures; Flatware; Cow Bells; Fountain Pens 木雕，餐具，牛铃，钢笔

S13E12 Olive Oil; Lift Trucks; Seamless Rolled Rings; Ski Boots 橄榄油，叉车，无缝环件，滑雪靴

S13E13 Cookware; Inlaid Boxes; High-Efficiency Water Heaters; Vespa Scooters 专业炊具，豪华镶嵌盒，高效率热水器，电动车

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:b164e21986d83657baf215347cf40ae2c33ed64a&dn

第十四季推出时间为2009-09-18至2010-01-08

S14E01 Mini GP Motorcycles; Fig Cookies; Tool Boxes; Pipe Bends 迷你锦标赛摩托车，无花果曲奇饼，工具箱，弯头

S14E02 Revolver Replicas; Arc Trainers; Oil Furnaces; Vegetable Peelers; Pizza Cutters 西部左轮手枪复制品，健身椭圆机，废油燃烧器，削皮器和薄饼切削刀

S14E03 Metal Golf Clubs; Waffles; Custom Wires and Cables Train Wheels; 金属高尔夫球杆，华夫烘饼，订���线缆，火车轮子

本集看点：热锻成型工艺；

S14E04 Sails; Walnuts; Wheel Immobilizers; Honeycomb Structural Panels 风帆，核桃，轮胎防盗器，蜂窝结构板

S14E05 Surfboards; Stickers; Sandwich Cookies; Concrete Roofing Tiles 冲浪板，贴纸，夹芯饼干，混凝土瓦

S14E06 Ski Goggles; Tower Cranes; Porcelain Figurines; Diesel Engines 滑雪风镜，塔吊，瓷小雕像，柴油引擎

本集看点：塔吊是如何长高的；

S14E07 Stuffed Olives; Astrolabes; Western Saddles 酿水榄，星盘，西部马鞍

S14E08 Custom Running Shoes; Axes; Racing Karts; Animatronics 订制跑鞋，斧头，卡丁车，电子动画

S14E09 Headphones; Diving Regulators; Reflector Light Bulbs 耳机，潜水呼吸调节器，聚光灯泡

S14E10 Fly Fishing Reels; House Paint; Weaving Looms; Ice Makers 飞钓卷筒，房屋涂料，编织机，制冰机

S14E11 Graphite Pencil Leads; Clarinets; Special Effects; 石墨铅笔芯，单簧管，特技效果

S14E12 Air Boats; Onions; 3D Metal Printing; Curved Cabinet Doors 空气船，洋葱，三维金属打印，弧形木柜门

本集看点：金属的3D打印制程；

S14E13 Retractable Ballpoint Pens; Solar Salt; Tubas; 圆珠笔，日晒盐，大号

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:5101c33367df80cb2ba1566fc8f467dbcde21af5&dn

第十五季推出时间为2010-04-02至2010-06-18

S15E01 Kelp Caviar; Luxury Sailboats; Dental Crowns; High-Performance Engines 海带鱼子酱，豪华帆船，人造牙冠，发动机

S15E02 Leather Briefcases; Crop Dusters; Corn Whiskey; Drag Racing Clutches 真皮公文包，喷洒农药飞机，玉米威士忌，直线竞速赛车离合器

S15E03 Train Rails; Desalinated Water; Racing Wheelchairs; Parquetry 火车钢轨，淡化水，竞速轮椅，拼花木地板

S15E04 Flight Simulators; Bookbinding; Greenhouse Tomatoes; Hurricane-Proof Shutters 飞行模拟器，传统装订，温室西红柿，防风百叶窗

S15E05 Worcestershire Sauce; Lawn Bowls; Radio-Controlled Model Jets; 辣酱油，草地滚球，遥控模型喷气机

S15E06 Pipes; Rock Climbing Gear; Leather Bike Saddles; Luxury Sports Cars 烟斗，攀岩丝扣锁，自行车座，豪华跑车

S15E07 Replica Foods; Traffic Cone Dispensers; Rocking Horses; London Taxis 食品模型，交通安全锥，摇马，伦敦出租车

S15E08 Miniature Furniture; Garden Steam Locomotives; Hovercraft; Folding Bicycles 迷你家具，庭院蒸汽机车，气垫船，折迭自行车

S15E09 Crosscut Saws; Haggis; Collectible Firearms; 横割锯，肉馅羊肚，收藏枪支

S15E10 Alligator Bags; Lockers; Bench Planes; Deployable Flight Recorders 鳄鱼手袋，储物柜，木工台刨，飞行纪录仪

S15E11 Grapples; Flavorings; Dog Sleds; Athletic Shoes 抓斗，调味品，狗雪撬，运动鞋

S15E12 Retractile Cords; Wood Frame Sports Cars; Sushi 伸缩绳，木结构跑车，寿司

S15E13 Leather Wallets; French Horns; Soy Sauce; Children's Ride-On Cars 真皮钱包，圆号，酱油，儿童骑乘汽车

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:f6b32d4b2d935fa1a9af9d02b026367bca667ce5&dn

第十六季推出时间为2010-10-01至 2010-12-24

S16E01 Millefiori Glass Paperweights; Road Salt; Nutcrackers; Car Doors 千花玻璃纸镇，道路除冰盐，胡桃夹子，汽车门

S16E02 Straight Razors; Black Pudding; Steering Wheels; Inorganic Pigments 直剃须刀，黑香肠，方向盘，无机颜料

S16E03 Cast Iron Cookware; Biodiesel; Clothing Hangers; Stone Wool Insulation 铸铁炊具，生物柴油，衣架，石棉

本集看点：连续铸造制程；

S16E04 Needles & Pins; Architectural Mouldings; Locomotives; Clothespins 针，建筑木线条，机车，衣夹

本集看点：针尖的抛光制程，针孔的冲压制程；

S16E05 Filigree Glass; Fish Food; Motor Homes 掐丝玻璃，鱼饲料，房车

S16E06 Surgical Instruments; Ketchup; Double-Decker Buses; Walking Sticks 手术器械，番茄酱，手杖

S16E07 Audio Tubes; Light Bars; Model Aircraft; Snare Drums 音频真空管，灯条，木制模型飞机，金属小鼓

S16E08 Kitchen Accessories; Central Vacuums; Paper-Maché Animals; Hydraulic Cylinders 厨房配件，中央吸尘器，纸型动物，液压缸

S16E09 Liquor Jugs; Deli Meats; NASCAR Engines 粘土酒壶，家禽熟肉制品，NASCAR发动机

S16E10 Digital Dentistry; Nail Clippers; Poster Restoration; Canola Oil 数字牙科，海报恢复，菜籽油

S16E11 Dial Thermometers; Hummus; Spent Fuel Containers; Straw Sombreros 温度计，豆泥，燃料容器，秸秆宽边帽

S16E12 Tequila; Water Beds; Flip Flops; Silver 龙舌兰酒，水床，人字拖，银子

S16E13 Composite Propane Cylinders; Salsa; Water-pumping Windmills; Dragsters 复合丙烷缸，辣调味汁，抽水风车，高速赛车

本集看点：玻璃纤维制作的罐子；

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:4fc2ea711b18dc3079a0cdb65688b59f2cf1317f&dn

第十七季推出时间为2011-04-08至 2011-06-24

S17E01 Decorative Sombreros; Salad Dressings; Cap Guns; Regenerative Medicine 装饰戴草帽，沙拉酱和腌泡汁，帽枪，再生医学

S17E02 Cheese Graters; Hot Sauce; Silver Jewelery; Traditional Mexican Chairs 芝士刨，辣酱，银首饰，传统墨西哥椅

S17E03 Game calls; Mayonnaise; Traditional Razor Blades; Butterfly Safety Razors 哨，蛋黄酱，传统剃须刀片，蝴蝶安全剃刀

S17E04 Corn Tortillas; Crankshafts & Camshafts; Bush Planes; Aluminum Bike Wheels 玉米饼，曲轴和凸轮轴，布什飞机，铝自行车轮

S17E05 Folding Kayaks; Pi?atas; Garbage Trucks; Ceramic Composite Brake Discs 折叠皮艇，彩罐，垃圾车，陶瓷复合刹车盘

S17E06 Rolled Wafers; Wood Pellets; Class & Championship Rings; 威化饼，木颗粒，总冠军戒指

S17E07 Speed skates; synthetic rubber; cocoa beans; and bulk chocolate 速度溜冰鞋，可可豆，散装巧克力

S17E08 Custom Steering Wheels; Aerospace Fuel Lines; Apple Pies; Household Radiators 定做方向盘，苹果馅饼，家用散热器

S17E09 Whips; automated pizza makers; incense cones; and scale turbine engines 鞭子，自动比萨饼机，香锥，喷气发动机模型

S17E10 Heather gems; instant film; beet sugar; electric roadsters 希瑟宝石，即时胶片，甜菜糖，电动跑车

S17E11 Underwater robots; lasagne; band saws; and ski trekking poles 水下机器人，烤宽面条，带锯床，登山杖

S17E12 Laminated Wood Beams; Sport Utility Vehicles; Veggie Burgers; Wood-boring Augers 木质横梁，运动型多功能车，素食汉堡，钻木螺旋钻

S17E13 Turbochargers; enchiladas; and watches; 涡轮增压器，辣酱玉米饼馅，手表

本集看点：中空的铸造零件是如何制作的；

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:153c8f17185e424a1da8805f16bf13cd9f9d70ad&dn

第十八季推出时间为2011-09-14至 2011-12-06

S18E01 Patterned Glass Panels; Road Cases; Stop-Frame Animation 压花玻璃面板，���路应急箱，定格动画

S18E02 Industrial Wire Ropes; Living Walls; Large Format Cameras; Gemstones 工业钢丝绳，生活墙，大画幅相机，宝石

S18E03 Chocolate Coins; Floor Heating System; Pedal Cars; Latex Swords 巧克力金币， 地板采暖系统，踏板汽车，乳胶剑

S18E04 Farmed Caviar; Intake Manifolds; Motorcycle Jackets; Forged Spades 养殖鱼子酱，进气管，机车夹克，铲子和铁锹

S18E05 Wax Figures; Awnings; Sandwich Crackers; Pewter Tankards 蜡像，遮阳篷，三明治饼干，锡制酒杯

S18E06 Cufflinks; Blueberry Turnovers; Dashboards; Pottery 袖扣， 蓝莓饼，仪表板，陶器

S18E07 Fish Replicas; Siren Systems; Pre-Packaged Sandwiches; Candlesticks 鱼模型，警报器系统，预包装三明治，烛台

S18E08 Pipe Cleaners; Blue Stilton Cheese; Smart Electric Meters; Telescopes 管道清洁剂，蓝斯蒂尔顿奶酪，智能电表，望远镜

S18E09 Rally Cars; Pork Pies; Floating Fountains; Artificial Stone Ornaments 拉力赛车，猪肉馅饼，浮动喷泉，人造石饰品

S18E10 Tapioca Pudding; Snow Plows; Paddle Boats; Fibre Cement Siding 木薯布丁，除雪车，桨船，纤维水泥墙板

S18E11 Pharmaceutical Blister Packs; Deli Slicers; Oysters; Weathervanes 药品泡罩包装，德利切片机，牡蛎，风向标

S18E12 Top & Bowler Hats; Solar Water Heaters; Sticky Buns; Electrostatic Speakers 圆顶礼帽，太阳能热水器，粘小奶油甜面包，静电式扬声器

S18E13 Turntables; Steam Engines; Playground Equipment; Teflon Pans 唱盘，蒸汽机，运动场设备，不粘锅

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:2689e5e93e88a4f1c599bf77f90d3227cebfa7d8&dn

第十九季推出时间为2012-04-19至 2012-06-24

S19E01 Garden Forks; English Toffee; Paint Chip Cards; Bundt Pans 花园艺叉,英式太妃糖，油漆色卡，蛋糕模具

S19E02 Pewter Flasks; Potato Salad; Hydrogen Fuel Cells; Engineered Wood Siding 锡制酒瓶，马铃薯沙拉，氢燃料电池组，工程木板墙

S19E03 Canvas Wall Tents; Peace Pipes; Shredded Wheat Cereal; Cannons 帆布帐篷，印第安式烟斗，块状麦片，加农炮

S19E04 Robotic Hunting Decoys; Canned Tomatoes; Scoreboards; Lassos 捕猎诱饵，罐装番茄酱，电子计分板，捕牛套索

S19E05 Turf Grass; Beef Jerky; Wood Chippers; Bowling Pins 草坪，长���牛肉干，木片切削机，保龄球球瓶

S19E06 Multi-Tools; Jojoba Oil; Marionettes 多用途工具刀，荷荷芭油，提线木偶

S19E07 Fish Decoys; Film Digitization; Cylinder Stoves; Concrete Light Poles 鱼饵，影片数字化存储，筒形火炉，混凝土灯杆

S19E08 Bamboo Bicycles; Chainsaw Art; Breath Mints; Manual Motorcycle Transmissions 竹制自行车，木雕，薄荷糖，变速箱总成

S19E09 Dinnerware; Air Brake Tanks; Frosted Cereal; Fossils 陶瓷餐具，气刹储气罐，麦片，化石

S19E10 Clay; Pitted Prunes; Spurs; Polyurethane Tires 黏土，话梅，马靴，轮胎

S19E11 Tasers; Canned Soup; Jaw Harps; Diving Boards 泰瑟枪，汤品罐头，口弓，跳水板

S19E12 Space Pens; Reef Aquariums; Metal Caskets; Composite Bike Wheels 太空笔，水族馆，金属棺材，复合自行车轮子

S19E13 Navajo Rugs; Crude Oil; Kaleidoscopes; Titanium Dental Implants 纳瓦霍地毯，原油，万花筒，钛牙科植入物

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:91bb1169cf63a02a4394608268efd8de9703bdcb&dn

第二十季推出时间为2012-10-25至 2013-01-10

S20E01 Native Healing Drums;Raisins;Stereoscopic Viewers;Ribbon Microphones 印地安疗愈鼓，葡萄干，立体图片观赏器，铝带式麦克风

S20E02 Horse Bits; Oat Cereal; Turquoise Jewelry; Electric Scooters 马衔，燕麦片，土耳其玉首饰，电动滑板车

S20E03 Stagecoaches;Road Reflectors;Fire Baked Pottery;Custom Motorcycle Tanks 驿马车，反光道钉，火烤陶器，订制摩托车油箱

S20E04 Replica Clay Pipes;Drinking Fountains;Orange Liqueur;Compound Bows 复刻陶瓷烟斗，饮水机，柳橙甜酒，复合弓

S20E05 Tissues;Travel Trailers;Slippers;Motorcycle Helmets 面纸，旅行拖车，拖鞋，摩托车安全帽

S20E06 U-Locks; Tepees; Croissants; Rolling Luggage U型锁，圆锥帐篷，可颂面包，滚轮行李箱

S20E07 Prams;Factory-Built Homes;Wood Flutes;Bicycle Tires 婴儿车，组合式房屋，木笛，单车轮胎

S20E08 Thinning Shears;Wagon Wheels;Toaster Pastries;Violin Bows 打薄剪，马车轮，果酱夹心饼，小提琴弓

S20E09 1000th Item: Cycling Shoes;Yurts;Marine Plywood;Oil & Encaustic Paint 自行车卡鞋地，蒙古包，船用合板，油彩和蜡彩

S20E10 Nail Nippers; Jade Putters; Ice Cider; Water Skis 指甲钳，玉石推杆，苹果冰酒，滑水板

S20E11 Paper Fans; Walnut Oil; Copper 纸扇，胡桃油，铜

S20E12 Cast Iron Tubs; Hopi Kachina Dolls; Mine Truck Engine; Memory Cards 铸铁浴缸，霍皮族娃娃，矿场卡车引擎重建，记忆卡

S20E13 Gut Strings;Absinthe;Belt Buckles;Lever Locks 肠弦，苦艾酒，皮带头，杆锁

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:3b16e409e27f9101e3d9b5ba17cf000344174c58&dn

[juniperpublishersoceanography]

Conservation of Marine Environment - Only Way of Sustaining the Very Existence of Human Civilization on our Planet- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

In order to find out the solution of various problems prevailing in the marine and offshore ecosystems in India, the present authors, as regular routine practice of versatile research work respectively, have been concentrating their respective scientific research on marine pollution, ocean acidification, coastal resource management and its social impact study and have presented their respective papers in various national and international conferences and obtained interactions. In order to ponder the real time solution, the present paper deals with the observation and experience obtained by the respective authors which are the derivatives of scientific and societal thought presented in this paper as a product of intermittent and cumulative manners and opined suggestive issues on the present and future significance of marine and coastal research activities, apprehensions and its various hindrances. Issues of marine conservation, threats to securities of marine & coastal ecosystem including the direct impacts for not taking appropriate measures of marine conservation, and the suggestive remedial measures have been categorically discussed from new dimensions.

Keywords: Marine conservation; Offshore environment; Coastal ecosystem; Criminal laws; Civilization support system; Oil spill; Ocean acidification; Over fishing; Biodiversity; Disaster management

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Introduction

'Conservation of marine environment' or 'marine conservation' broadly is a development program through scientific management of natural coastal and offshore ecosystems of marine environment which:

I. Has been generated as perception from the study of marine & coastal ecosystems.

II. Is comprising of various activities within the ambit of estuarine, coastal, onshore and offshore areas.

III. On techno-scientific application, marine & coastal resources are more beneficially effective in their ecosystem services; and finally.

IV. Requires a good and moral coordination in the management of such resources and their respective ecosystem services with and/or without requirement of development law and policy both for the development of human society and natural ecosystem without pollution and/or degradation.

The marine environment is the specific environment significantly differs from the land or terrestrial environment and influenced by ocean, sea, gulf, bay and estuarine ecosystems. The marine ecosystem therefore is a continuing interactive process induced by-and prevail in between all the living beings and their respective ambient physical environment. By land-water ratio of occupancy, the marine environment shelters largest ecosystem known as marine ecosystem on our planet earth. From various research findings, it is established by scientific evidence that different but unique marine and related ecosystems provide at least one common phenomenon of continuous release of oxygen (O2) by all green pigment plant and plankton by taking Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) from atmosphere. This is that Carbon-diOxide (CO2) which is released and/or coming out of utilization of energy- be it the respiration of living being, or be it the consumption of energy primarily in our industry to the bedroom air conditioner to refrigerator for our 'civilization support system".

This is that Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) which is released and/ or coming out of activities of the world-wide sale of arms and using of that arms by one person against the other, by one nation against the other. This is that Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) which is released and/or coming out from the illegal release/spillage of huge quantity of petroleum oil into the sea by one tanker, lifting that oil to different tanker, and the rest oil spillage onto the surface sea water by incineration in order to the procurement of insurance money. This is that Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) that could not have been utilized by the plant and plankton of the marine and coastal ecosystems because of such plant and plankton were died because of toxicity of such spilled petroleum oil or its chemical fractions mostly soluble/miscible in the sea water.

This is that Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) not being used by the plant and plankton of the marine ecosystem released into atmosphere by the human activities, and now said to be the 'most notorious culprit' causing the global warming at local and regional levels, and manifested/inflicted upon human natural social life as local and regional 'weather anomaly' in the form of disasters like hurricane and cyclone (both are same weather phenomenon but called differently because of its geographical positions) caused damage of properties, civilization system and thus huge monetary loss pushing our social economy backward.

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What are the issues in Marine Conservation?

In order to conserve the marine ecosystem prevailing in any part of the world are:

Prevention/ mitigation of

a. Marine and coastal pollution (oil spill & land-based waste disposal).

b. Ocean acidification and local climate change.

c. Overfishing and subsequent un-employment/under employment of fisher-persons.

d. Loss of biodiversity and coral bleaching.

e. Coastal erosion and un-scientific coastal development.

Development and management of

i. Coastal habitat conservation in island and mainland coast.

ii. Coastal Tourism.

iii. Disaster management and preparedness team with intra-national and international coordination;

iv. Appropriate policy not only for the threatened and endangered species protection but also for further development of coastal resources and their appropriate management.

v. Criminal/penal laws at local and national levels of any maritime nations, Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) for committing Item 1 to 5 above and acting directly and/or indirectly against Item 6 to 9 including practice of espionage activities relating to prevention of marine environment/ ecosystem development research and policy(s).

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What are the Threats to Marine Environment/Ecosystem?

Although the overall threat to global marine ecosystem security is 'warming' or 'temperature increase' in the atmosphere at various local/regional/national levels even though it would be wise to visualize such threat from different angles primarily finding out or determining the sources of threat in order to appropriate management of such threat to cope with.

There are categories of sources of threat to security of surviving marine ecosystem. Maritime countries appears to have such sources of threats at varying magnitude to their respective marine environment/ecosystems. Such sources of threats are varying country to country, region to region, but globally there are commonalities in nature. These are:

1. Lack of knowledge of the fisher-people's about the surviving marine & coastal ecosystems and their greed to earn more money by overfishing.

2. Lack of political willingness of local/national government to deploy regulatory authority with the honest and knowledgeable people armed by the appropriate law making and introduction of appropriate training.

3. Not deployment of specific type of appropriately educated & trained 'Watch-Guard' both at coast land, and offshore water.

4. Inducing misrepresentation and wrong explanation in presentation of usage of terms and knowledge by various means of social application.

5. Ignoring & screening appropriate people/organization by:

(i) Not paying heed apparently to their suggestions relating to marine & coastal conservation but copying the idea from them for other personal purpose including forms of monetary gain.

(ii) Not paying heed to their timely suggestions relating to marine & coastal conservation if it is 'politically thought to be deferred and/or not to be taken action’ silently.

(iii) Inducing process of destruction by:

(a) Bribing key fellows through their personal career and gain as an outcome - apparently invisible.

(b) Secretly taken decision making for such organization to deprive them for being granted financial assistance compelling them to stop their research activities relating to marine & coastal development which include 'conservation' as the first and foremost step (Our Asian Marine Conservation is a rarest exceptional education and research organization that has never been granted any financial assistance from any government/ corporate/ intergovernmental bodies at local/ national/ international levels but continue to excel in its research globally for more than 25 years).

6. National Intelligence Bureau including military intelligence have not been appropriately taught/trained so that all illicit/illegal money including bribe could be earned by the person having vested interest at the cost of primary national security which includes military security and natural ecosystem security.

7. Lack of appropriate legislation.

Go to

What are the Direct Impacts for Not Taking Appropriate Measures of Marine Conservation?

Of various dimensions and all are negative in nature. Amongst those the most important and primary ones are:

a. Deficit in national natural resource base (NRB).

b. Overall delay in sustainability in the national growth & development.

c. Resource conflict amongst people at the local levels and instability in the national socio-political system.

Go to

What is/are the Remedial Measure(s)?

Reversing the modes of indirect 'threat perception’, as stated before, by systematically adopting special political willingness and incorporate such programme in the national planning commission or national planning board.

Go to

Conclusion

In order to reversing the trend of global climate degradation due to pollution of marine environment E that lead to degradation of natural quality of marine & coastal ecosystem services, national and global leaders must be ethically honest to:

i. Become humane.

ii. Perceive quick decision making in scientifically fighting global warming and preventing marine & coastal pollution.

iii. For the act of increase global coordination at regional levels forgetting enmity to each other nations which will create a huge job creation and that in turn boost up global economy at national and regional levels.

To Know More About Journal of Oceanography Please Click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ofoaj/index.php

[fresatechnologies]

Heavy-Lift Ship

A heavy-lift ship is a vessel designed to move very large loads that cannot be handled by normal ships. They are of two types: Semi-submersible ships and project cargo ships.

Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an aft machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry bulk carrier or some forms of oil tanker. Its ballast tanks can be flooded to lower the well deck below the water's surface, allowing oil platforms, other vessels, or other floating cargo to be moved into position for loading (float-on/float-off). The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck rises to shoulder the load. To balance the cargo, the various tanks can be pumped unevenly.

Float-on/float off vessels transport oil drilling rigs. Such ships can carry the rigs from their construction site to a drilling site at roughly three to four times the speed of a self-deploying rig. Rapid deployment of the rig to the drilling site can translate into major savings. They also transport other out-sized cargo and yachts.

Project cargo ships

Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) capacity. Examples of cargo transported includes container cranes, bridge sections, and suction piles.

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[usafphantom2]

B-1B bombers perform joint training with Singapore and Japan in the Indo-Pacific

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 01/22/2024 - 9:00 p.m. in Military

Two U.S. Air Force B-1B Lancers bombers were moved to the Indo-Pacific region where they carried out joint exercises with the Air Force of the Republic of Singapore (RSAF) and the Air Self-Defense Force of Japan (JASDF).

The two B-1B Lancers assigned to the 345º Expeditionary Bomber Squadron of Dyesss Air Base, Texas, arrived at Paya Lebar Air Base, Singapore, on January 18, as part of regular training of the United States Air Force and commitments to key partners in the region.

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community on Reddit

The bombers will perform air refueling training with RSAF's Airbus A330 MRTT planes.

B-1B Lancer bomber lands at Paya Lebar Air Base in Singapore.

Integration with RSAF provides valuable professional exchanges and training opportunities with different aircraft and crews.

In a statement, PACAF emphasized the importance of integration with RSAF, mentioning the valuable professional exchanges and training opportunities with different aircraft and crews.

Although PACAF did not label the bomber deployment as a Bomber Task Force, the B-1 also participated in separate training with four JASDF F-15 Eagles over the Sea of Japan on January 18.

Photos released on PACAF social networks showed supersonic bombers flying next to Japanese F-15 fighters. The purpose of these exercises is to improve the deterrence and response capabilities, as well as the tactical skills of the US-Japan alliance, as declared by PACAF.

The PACAF spokesman added that they continue to conduct bomber missions in the Indo-Pacific region, demonstrating the effectiveness of the forces to ensure security in various environments. These training opportunities, according to him, support the national security objectives through the speed, flexibility and readiness of strategic bombers.

At the same time, U.S. Air Force F-35 fighters conducted joint training with several aircraft of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force on January 17 and 19 over the waters of the southern region of the island of Okinawa, Japan.

The two-day exercise involved 27 F-15 jets, one E-767, two E-2C Hawkeyes and two KC-46A Pegasus tanker planes from Japan, along with approximately 10 American F-35s poachers. JASDF announced that the training aimed to improve bilateral response capabilities and tactical skills.

The PACAF spokesman reiterated his commitment to carry out various missions, such as bombers, cargo, refueling and hunting in the Indo-Pacific region, highlighting the effectiveness of the forces in providing security in a varied and uncertain environment.

Tags: Military AviationB-1B LancerJASDF - Japan Air Self-Defense Force/Japan Self-Defense Air ForceRSAF - Republic of Singapore Air Force - Air Force of the Republic of SingaporeUSAF - United States Air Force / U.S. Air ForceWar Zones - Indo-Asia-Pacific

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[leotanaka]

A fleet of ships, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft will supply and rescue Australians trapped by raging bushfires in an extrordinary Australian Defence Force deployment to bring food, water and medical help to towns in danger in Victoria and New South Wales.

In a dramatic escalation in assistance, heavy-lifting helicopters will arrive in eastern Victoria on New Year's Day to be despatched to areas facing the greatest threat, while two Royal Australian Navy ships are being sent to the same region with the capacity to evacuate hundreds of people.

The army will establish a joint task force to coordinate the defence effort in Victoria while a second task force will be set up in NSW on Thursday, in the wake of talks between defence chiefs and state authorities.

The fastest assistance will come from at least seven helicopters and other aircraft with the capacity to drop supplies to towns in Victoria and NSW that are isolated by fire and road closures.

But the Morrison government is also facing calls for a bigger expansion in military intervention by mobilising soldiers to create fire breaks and using the Royal Australian Air Force to douse fires.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison spoke to General Angus Campbell, the Chief of the Defence Force, on Tuesday to confirm all requests for help in NSW and Victoria would be met with no impact on any other part of Australia receiving support.

Defence Minister Linda Reynolds later authorised the new deployments, including at least four helicopters, one fixed-wing aircraft and two ships.

One ship, HMAS Choules, is an amphibious landing ship with a dock for helicopters and the capacity to carry 700 troops at maximum load. The second, MV Sycamore, is a patrol vessel that can carry one helicopter.

Both ships will sail to East Gippsland, the region that includes Mallacoota, where thousands of people were forced to take shelter on the foreshore on Tuesday, with HMAS Choules sailing from Sydney and being available to relieve towns on the south coast of NSW if needed.

The helicopters include a tandem-rotor Chinook for heavy lifting, two Black Hawks and one Taipan naval helicopter.

These will join two C-27J Spartan battlefield airlifters at the Royal Australian Air Force base at East Sale on New Year's Day, making them available to assist nearby towns such as Malacoota.

Defence personnel are already refuelling aerial tankers at RAAF bases, providing vehicles and drivers for search and rescue operations, serving meals to firefighters, providing accommodation for volunteers and mapping fires from the air.

With coastal towns surrounded by fire, Victorian Emergency Management Commissioner Andrew Crisp named Mallacoota as a "priority area" and said a rescue by sea was an option, subject to decisions by the ADF on the best approach.

The alternative is to deploy RAAF helicopters to evacuate people if conditions worsen and it is not possible to wait out the fires until roads are reopened.

HMAS Choules is expected to take 72 hours to reach the coast off eastern Victoria while the smaller MV Sycamore will be in the region within 48 hours.

The deployment came after Victorian premier Daniel Andrews called for more defence assistance on Tuesday, prompting hours of talks between emergency services leaders and defence chiefs over the scale of the operation.

Mr Morrison told Australians in a video message on Tuesday the commonwealth would continue to back the "tremendous response" by the states.

"These fires have been well responded to by our state jurisdictions and they're supported also by the commonwealth, particularly through the Australian Defence Force," he said. "You can expect that support to continue for as long as it is needed."

But the Prime Minister is facing calls for a much greater expansion in military intervention by mobilising soldiers to create fire breaks and using the Royal Australian Air Force to douse fires.

Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese called for greater use of the military and an urgent meeting of state and federal leaders at a Council of Australian Governments (COAG) to discuss the bushfire emergency – an option Mr Morrison has turned down so far.

"We should be using all the resources at our disposal, and one of those is the ADF," Mr Albanese said. "They need to be deployed in a way which assists the process. And of course, the ADF aren't the firefighting experts, but they do have skills."

Mr Albanese said it was "unacceptable" for Mr Morrison to argue that COAG did not need to meet until March.

In the most detailed call for greater defence assistance, Labor MP Mike Kelly said the ADF should play a greater role when Australia could not rely as much on aircraft or other firefighting equipment from the US and Europe.

"Under supervision, there are things we could usefully employ the ADF to do, such as cutting fire trails, assisting with evacuations and logistics support, and helping with the use of heavy plant," he said.

"It could assist with bulk water carriers. All of that could be very useful and I'm getting this feedback directly from firies on the ground."

Mr Kelly, an army officer for two decades before he entered Parliament in 2007, said he was hearing from volunteers who were "buggered" after working for six weeks, compared to a previous record of four weeks.

Australian Defence Association executive director Neil James warned against calls to deploy more troops and said it would be better to deploy more purpose-built aerial water bombers than use RAAF aircraft.

Mr James, who served in the ADF for 45 years and has volunteered with the NSW Rural Fire Service for seven years, said troops could be used in a flood to lay sandbags but did not have the training for front-line firefighting.

"This is one area where social media and commentators have not only got it wrong but are making it worse," he said.

Mr James said land-clearing operations were best done by local councils with staff who knew the area rather than troops flown in for the job.

He also said Australian fires, with oil and vapour from eucalypts creating intense heat and flame, were best fought with the jets already used by fire authorities rather than RAAF aircraft such as the Hercules.

[bountyofbeads]

How U.S. Troops Are Preparing for the Worst in the Middle East https://nyti.ms/2ZVJwO1

How U.S. Troops Are Preparing for the Worst in the Middle East

The Pentagon has directed about 4,500 troops to the region atop the roughly 50,000 already there as tensions rise with Iran. They are reinforcing their outposts, bases and airfields.

By Thomas GIBBONS-NEFF | Published

Jan. 6, 2020, 4:33 p.m. ET | New York Times | Posted January 6, 2020 |

WASHINGTON — American military units stationed in Iraq and Syria are readying for attacks from either Iranian forces or their proxies after the drone strike that killed a senior Iranian general last week.

It is unclear what an Iranian retaliatory attack would look like after the death of Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, an Iranian security and intelligence commander responsible for the deaths of hundreds of troops over the years, and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a powerful Iraqi militia commander and government official.

But, already, American forces in the region are reinforcing their outposts, bases and airfields.

The Pentagon has directed about 4,500 additional troops to the region atop the roughly 50,000 already there. Here’s how it breaks down.

New Deployments to Iraq and Kuwait

The influx of new forces was prompted by several events: the death of an American contractor in Iraq during a rocket attack on Dec. 27 carried out by an Iranian-backed militia; protests around the United States Embassy in Baghdad afterward, following a series of American airstrikes on the militia; and last week’s drone strike on General Suleimani and Mr. al-Muhandis.

The new troops will act primarily as a defensive force, meant to reinforce American bases and compounds in the region and respond to a possible attack. No major ground offensives are planned for them.

Which Units Are Deploying

Roughly 4,000 troops — a brigade — from the 82nd Airborne Division based out of Fort Bragg, N.C., have started deploying to Kuwait. They are part of the division’s global response force, kept on standby for particular emergencies. A senior United States military officer said the deployment of the 82nd Airborne paratroopers and other ground forces was defensive, meant to position more troops in the Middle East who could be quickly deployed to defend or reinforce American embassies, consulates and military bases.

Roughly 100 other paratroopers from the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team, based out of Vicenza, Italy, will also deploy to the Middle East, according to a Defense Department official. Stars and Stripes first reported the deployment.

The officer noted that the planning for any larger conflict with Iran does not envision a vast land invasion like in the 1991 Persian Gulf war or the 2003 Iraq war. Instead, any prolonged conflict would rely more on air and naval forces, as well as cyberattacks, to hit Iranian targets or Iranian proxies, the officer said.

Other units include around 100 Marines from the Second Battalion, Seventh Marine Regiment. The company-size contingent is deployed to Kuwait as part of a special purpose task force meant to respond to emergencies in the Middle East. The Marines, fresh off helping American forces withdraw from northeastern Syria, are reinforcing dozens of security personnel positioned at the American Embassy in Baghdad. The compound is large, more than 100 acres, with guard posts, living areas, dining halls and small shops.

Around 100 Army Rangers from the 75th Ranger Regiment deployed shortly after last week’s drone strike. The Rangers, part of the secretive Joint Special Operations Command, most likely will act as a reaction force if any Iranian-backed forces launch a concerted attack on an American position, according to one Defense Department official.

The 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit includes roughly 2,200 Marines and sailors, composed of an infantry battalion, logistics unit and a squadron of aircraft, namely transport helicopters and attack jets. They are aboard Navy ships in the Bataan Amphibious Ready Group, made up of around 2,000 sailors, and are steaming toward the Middle East as part of a previously scheduled deployment.

These Marine Expeditionary Units have long served as a global response force. Often their deployments in the Persian Gulf have found them supporting operations in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan.

The Troops Already in the Region

There are between 45,000 and 65,000 American military personnel — the number can vary by the day — now deployed in Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf nations, including around 5,500 troops in Iraq and 600 in Syria.

In response to Iranian attacks and provocations since May, the Pentagon deployed about 14,000 additional troops to the Persian Gulf region, including roughly 3,500 more to Saudi Arabia. The military assets include early warning aircraft, maritime patrol planes, Patriot air and missile defense batteries, B-52 bombers, a carrier strike group, armed Reaper drones and other engineering and support personnel.

Roughly 2,000 American troops are in Turkey, mostly based at Incirlik Air Base. Despite recent tensions with the fellow NATO country, the United States has continued to use the airfield. American aircraft launched hundreds of combat sorties from the base at the height of the conflict against the Islamic State in 2016 and 2017.

Bahrain is home to the headquarters of the United States Navy’s Fifth Fleet, which commands warships patrolling the region.

In Qatar, the sprawling Al Udeid base is home to around 10,000 troops. It is the headquarters for American air operations in the region, and hosts a fleet of midair refueling tankers, along with reconnaissance and bomber aircraft.

WHAT THEY DO

At any given time, the American forces in the region act much like the central nervous system for America’s long wars since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.

The soldiers, sailors, Marines and aircrew members run key headquarters. They resupply the roughly 12,000 to 13,000 troops in Afghanistan, and launch hundreds of surveillance missions across the region. They train local forces.

And, until Sunday, when the American-led mission in Iraq and Syria halted its campaign against the Islamic State to focus on protecting its forces from potential attack, it battled the militant group to its near demise. Allied nations, such as Canada, also stopped their operations, giving the terrorist group an opportunity to either stage more attacks or at least recuperate.

The number of troops in the region changes substantially depending on the presence of an aircraft carrier strike group (currently the Truman), and whether a large group of Marines is afloat in those waters. The 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit is likely to soon pass through the Mediterranean, according to U.S. Naval Institute’s fleet tracker, and head toward the Red Sea.

The aircraft carrier Truman will be in the region until sometime in February or March, when it will either be replaced or supported by the carrier Eisenhower after it arrives from the Mediterranean.

Aircrews assigned to the Eisenhower already have been briefed on launching potential long-range bombing missions.

_______

Eric Schmitt contributed reporting.

*********

The Day After War Begins in Iran

The outpouring of grief for Qassim Suleimani is the country’s first act of retaliation.

By Azadeh Moaveni, Ms. Moaveni is a writer and an analyst with the International Crisis Group | Published

Jan. 6, 2020 | New York Times | Posted January 6, 2020 |

The last time I wrote seriously about a war with Iran was in 2012. It had been an especially fraught year, with Iran’s Revolutionary Guards running naval exercises in the Persian Gulf, Israel and the United States conducting joint drills, and the safety of oil shipping lanes looking entirely unassured. Oil prices rattled skittishly, everyone suddenly monitored ships, and headlines speculated that Israel might attack Iran’s nuclear sites.

My assignment was to consider “the day after” — to imagine how Iranians would react if their country was bombed by Israel. My piece featured scenes of distraught young people gathering on crowded intersections singing the national anthem — suddenly everyone was a terrified Iranian citizen rather than an aspiring guitarist or a day laborer or whatever they were the day before — and a screaming mother buying formula to stockpile from a supermarket. I don’t even remember writing it. How many times can you write, predict and analyze your country’s destruction before your mind begins to dissolve the traces?

That rehearsal feels like it was all in preparation for today. Last week an American drone strike incinerated Iran’s top general and national war hero Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, along with a senior Iraqi militia commander, in what can only be understood as an act of war.

Being here again makes me feel that I — an American citizen of Iranian origin — have been here so often before. The cycles of imminent war and upheaval Iranians seem destined to face every few years, cycles often driven by the whims of the United States and the increasing boldness of Iran, now feel like a civilizational inheritance, a legacy that my mother bore before me, her mother before her, and that I will pass down to my children. Every Iranian family’s history is touched with this past, in its own way.

The American-backed 1953 coup destroyed both my grandfather and great uncle’s careers, until then in service of the government, and sent the latter into exile. America’s support for, and then eventual abandonment of, the Shah helped shape the 1979 revolution, disrupted all of our lives, with the new authorities expropriating our assets, and landing an uncle in prison for belonging to that educated, pro-Western class that built modern Iran and saw the revolution as its demise.

The years that followed only deepened the American-Iranian chasm. There was the 1979-81 hostage crisis at the American Embassy in Tehran, which killed nobody in the end but poisoned relations to this day. The United States scarcely concealed its support for Iraq in the devastating years of the Iran-Iraq War. And in 1988, as the war dragged to a close, continued skirmishing resulted in the U.S. Navy shooting down an Iranian passenger plane flying over Iran’s territorial waters, killing 290 people. Deeply regrettable, lamented President Ronald Reagan, but honors and medals for the naval officers.

For decades now, the United States has often seemed driven to hurt Iran, at times through interventionist policies that were careless and transactional, and then after 1979, with a fierce determination out of proportion to whatever challenge the new system posed.

At a certain point, Iran started retaliating: In the 1980s, it cultivated regional groups and militias hostile to Washington, and encouraged them to take Westerners hostages and staged attacks through these networks. In later years, Iran challenged American roles in wars in the region and interventions in bordering countries — the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 — by backing nonstate allies that rose to become formidable powers in their own right. This lifted Tehran’s game of asymmetrical leverage into a regional influence it had probably never conceived of achieving. General Suleimani was behind much of this strategy.

Many consider him responsible for the deaths of thousands, for his intervention in salvaging Bashar al-Assad’s rule in Syria. But to many Iranians, Iraqis, Kurds and others, he was a pivotal figure in vanquishing the Islamic State, helping repel its rapid march across Iraq in 2014. In Syria, for the many Syrians who endured the industrial-scale brutality of the Assad regime, the general led what could only be understood as an offensive force. But Iran’s leaders always reminded their people that Syria, the lone Arab country that sided with Iran during the eight-year Iran-Iraq War, could not be abandoned, that without it, Iran would be vastly more vulnerable in the region.

It is for these maneuvers, in part to provide Iran some deterrence against relentless American hostility, that General Suleimani is remembered. He had become a patriarch for an ambivalent country adrift, forgiven, at least by the hundreds of thousands who turned out for his funeral, for the hard excesses of the force he commanded because he secured the land in a time of the Islamic State’s butchery, seen as a man of honor and merit among political contemporaries who were usually neither. (Of course, he certainly did not impress all Iranians in this way; he had detractors who did not support his regional stratagems.)

Iran’s leaders have rallied around his legacy; Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei vowed “severe revenge” and assured that his killing would “double” resistance against the United States and Israel. Even the reformist cleric Mehdi Karroubi, an octogenarian who is confined under permanent house arrest, issued condolences.

Beyond this official show of unity, newspapers across the political spectrum darkened their front pages, and ran full-cover photos of General Suleimani in all his guises, from brassy military uniform to slick dark suit jacket, with even the most liberal-minded running lachrymose headlines like “the sorrow is inconceivable.”

“What to do with a thorn lodged in the heart? Is this the fate of all the distinguished descendants of this land, regardless of thought and affiliation?” wrote Iran’s most prominent and oft-censored contemporary novelist, Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, of the man he said “built a powerful dam against the bloodthirsty onslaught of ISIS and secured our borders from their calamity.”

Iranians have turned out to mourn him on an extraordinary scale, in scenes unmatched since the funeral of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini himself in 1989. A sea of people fills Isfahan’s 17th Century central square, the seat of Persian history, and pours across the bridges and streets of Ahvaz, men and women from all backgrounds of Iranian society.

The mourning for the general, it could be said, is Iran’s first act of retaliation: what amounts to an extraordinary four-day state funeral in not one but two countries. The cavalcade has twinned two nations in shared public grief and indignation, as the procession moved deliberately across a crescent of Shiite historical memory. First came the cities of the Iraqi south that Saddam Hussein kept cowed and squalid, the holy shrine cities of Najaf and Karbala, through to the Iranian province of Khuzestan, which saw the bloodiest fighting of the Iran-Iraq war, an indigenously Arab region where mourning congregations chant in Arabic, and whose inclusion in this spectacle of transnational identity and power has clear unifying purpose.

Nearly 40 years ago, General Suleimani began his career in the trenches of the Iran-Iraq War, the formative drama of the Islamic Republic, where heroism was applauded by most Iranians who felt their country was the victim of external attack and isolation. Today’s Iranians, who will most suffer whatever fallout there is from his death, remain economically blockaded, in a suspended state of siege in all but name. Their country remains, by the design of American policy, sanctioned and cash-strapped, their horizons and potential extinguished by visa bans, medicine shortages and inflation. Pinned between a system that increasingly feels it has little to lose, and the all-out vengeance of a zero-plan United States, Iran has endured what feels like a war economy for decades.

I remember as a child, during the years of war with Iraq, my mother telling me about relatives in Iran who gave away their jewelry to aid the war effort. This time, in the face of President Trump’s tweets threatening to attack Iran and destroy its sites of cultural heritage, I needn’t conjure the unity that comes the day after. The country has gathered to mourn. It is already here.

______

Azadeh Moaveni (@AzadehMoaveni) is a senior gender analyst with the International Crisis Group and the author, most recently, of “Guest House for Young Widows: Among the Women of ISIS.”

*********

[netsolwatersblog]

Are You Looking For The Best Commercial RO Plant Manufacturer in Ghaziabad ?

Ghaziabad is a town on the western side of U.P. Water scarcity has become a severe & challenging issue for this Region, like desert portions of the state of Rajasthan.

With declining groundwater levels & absence of alternative but reliable water sources, providing adequate & potable drinking water to the expanding population has become difficult. Ensuring water security calls for sustainable technological solutions like Commercial RO plant Manufacturer in Ghaziabad utilizing multiple raw water sources. Representing as a headquarter of its region, Ghaziabad extensively demands the deployment of Commercial RO installations from reliable & reputable local manufacturers.

Situation of Water in Ghaziabad Town

The majority of Ghaziabad's water supply depends on groundwater extraction through tube wells & hand pumps. However, complete dependence on such endangered groundwater has led the water tables to drop to vulnerable levels. Most of the working hand pumps not only meet the required quantity but also provide hard water which is unsafe for human consumption. Constant withdrawals for commercial, industrial & agricultural purposes put rivers & ponds' surface water supplies under strain.

The flow of the Chambal River is still unpredictable. The city body's sporadic provision of water left Ghaziabad's families & businesses yearning for more. Private tankers are too costly & unfeasible for routine large-scale usage.

In light of this, technologically assisted options like reverse osmosis are essential for providing Ghaziabad with clean water in a sustainable & environmentally responsible manner. Multiple feed sources can potentially be handled by RO plants since their flexibility enables decentralized deployments around the city to reduce the transmission losses that afflict the existing system.

Netsol Water as a leading Commercial RO Plant Manufacturer in Ghaziabad possess a very crucial role.

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Netsol Water can design & build RO plants that take into account the source water characteristics of the local area thanks to its strategically located manufacturing facilities. Because of the neighboring warehouses, replacement parts are readily available, allowing for short turnaround times for troubleshooting needs. Easy access to locations for maintenance inspections, improvements, or retrofits is another benefit of location advantage.

In Ghaziabad, Netsol has already completed many projects, including a rooftop powered by solar-operated RO Plant units. The technical staff ensures the best results by supervising installations from surveying the site to commissioning. Netsol Water, which has its operating infrastructure in Ghaziabad, is still an essential partner for clean water solutions.

Handling Ghaziabad's Water Problems:

Demand for water in Ghaziabad will increase as the city grows & becomes more urban unless supply is increased to keep up with the pace of the population & its demand. The answer is localized Commercial RO plants that produce cleaned water in a decentralized manner using minimum technology. These modular designs & small footprints allow these RO installations to be installed in office buildings, residential complexes, industrial spaces, & neighborhoods.

These remove the need for long-distance water transfer, which can result in significant losses, as they are supplied by nearby input sources. They can operate without human intervention thanks to automation & the incorporation of solar energy.

These decentralized RO water systems have been implemented by Netsol Water using surface water, tube wells, & open wells that are customized for each city. Small to medium-sized plants that produce water on demand at the use site themselves occupy the least amount of land. While Netsol Water mitigates significant initial capital funds & investments in massive citywide projects, it nevertheless leaves gaps in infrastructure in response to neighborhood-specific rising demands.

When properly maintained under maintenance contracts, these RO plants can consistently provide Ghaziabad's dispersed consumption centers with drinking water of the highest caliber worldwide. To ensure water security, new community-scale plants by localized experts like Netsol Water are essential as city officials work to guarantee coverage for everyone. Their methods may be implemented in energy-efficient closed loops to complement the current supply infrastructure.

Conclusion

The depletion of groundwater in Ghaziabad is making it more difficult to acquire water; nevertheless, reverse osmosis technology from specialist manufacturers offers a decentralized & sustainable alternative.

Through area-focused Commercial RO plant manufacturer in Ghaziabad, Netsol Water, a dependable local partner with proximity & comprehensive domain experience, assists this town in addressing its drinking water concerns. By combining automated processes, energy from renewable sources, & thorough maintenance, their products make clean water accessible throughout the city. More residential level RO plants can make a significant contribution as Ghaziabad prepares for its expanding future demands by filling up the gaps in quality as well as quantity.

With its contextual expertize & on-the-ground assistance, Netsol Water makes a significant contribution to this by providing specialized water purification systems that are advantageous to both homes & businesses. To ensure long-term water security, cooperation between urban planners, business leaders, & solution suppliers is essential.