#villanovan

[ancientstuff]

I love ancient fingerprints! They're like ancient footprints, wigs, sandals, clothing - they help bring the ancient peoples into closer focus.

[blueiscoool]

A VILLANOVAN BRONZE CHEEK-PIECE

CIRCA 8TH CENTURY B.C.

4 5/8 in. (11.8 cm.) long.

[res3000]

[whencyclopedia]

Populonia

Populonia (Etruscan name: Pupluna or Fufluna), located on the western coast of Italy, was an important Etruscan town which flourished between the 7th and 2nd century BCE. Rich in metal deposits and so noted for its production of pig iron, it has become known as the 'Pittsburgh of antiquity;' the town was a successful trading port, able to mint its own coinage. 7th and 5th century BCE tombs survive at the site, including large tumuli and square stone aediculae set in rows.

Early Settlement

The earliest archaeological evidence of settlement are the cemeteries belonging to the Villanovan culture (1000-750 BCE), a precursor of the Etruscans. The settlement of Populonia benefitted from its location on the coast where it could act as a trading centre between incoming goods shipped by sea from the wider Mediterranean and export the minerals mined from the interior of Etruria. There were also long-standing trade relations with Sardinia. With its own port in the only Etrurian natural harbour (the Gulf of Baratti), Populonia was the only Etruscan town to be constructed directly on the coast. The Etruscan name for the town - Fufluna - is derived from the Etruscan god of wine Fufluns, and this may indicate viticulture was an early source of wealth. More certain is that Populonia became prosperous based on its production of bronze, using copper and tin deposits found in the nearby hills.

Even more important than all its other resources put together, Populonia was particularly noted as a smelting centre for iron coming from Elba. The island had exhausted its supply of wood needed for charcoal used in the smelting process and so was forced to send iron ore across to the mainland for treatment. It is interesting to note that archaeology has shown that the Populonians did not make the same mistake of mass deforestation. Analysis of charcoal remains at the town show that it typically came from trees which were 20 years old, suggesting there was some forest management and trees were cut on a rotation basis. Iron would bring great wealth to Populonia's ruling class, and as historian J. Heurgon points out, it would make the city as famous in antiquity as Pittsburgh was in the 20th century CE for its steel.

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[memories-of-ancients]

Bronze crested helmet, Villanovan culture (Italy), 9th century BC

from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

[deerheadlights]

When you go on a quest to destroy the horned demon of the western islands, but decide to settle down and become a family man instead.

The story behind this one is an idea I had about a fantasy Bronze Age world with horned “Minoan” people and other people with the favor of their gods shown in other ways. The man is the son of the storm god who goes on a bunch of labors like Hercules did but for the king of his city-state, and one of them is to bring him the head of the bull goddess of the western islands. He goes there and they have a very ancient mythology style confrontation where they are going to fight and then decide to “lie together” for like 7 days straight or whatever. His mortal followers get pretty bored but whatever.

After that he goes down south into fake Egypt to do some other stuff, and when he comes back on his way back to his own home there’s his little baby, who he takes to his king and is like “Here’s a bull demon’s head. And body! It’s my son isn’t he so cute.” And the king is troubled because he wanted him to die since he (fake Hercules guy) is some much more powerful than him (the king), and now he has to let him marry his daughter AND now his daughter’s all upset because he has a cool son that’s like godly on both sides of the family so any of her children aren’t going to be as cool. Ancient drama ensues.

And yeah I know that’s a Villanovan helmet so it should really be the eastern islands to him but the Mycenae helmets are not cool enough for me... sorry.

[polymorphousculturevulture]

A Villanovan bronze cheek-piece, earliest phase of the Etruscan civilization ca. 8th century B.C.

via saintartemis.tumblr.com

[chaoticnutcase]

Villanovan Bronze Disk, Circa 7th century BC

[furlantravelfashionblogger]

Sorano è un’antica città fiorita nell’epoca etrusca. Per la sua conformazione, arroccata su una rupe e scavata nel tufo (come la vicina Pitigliano), Sorano è nota anche come la Matera della Toscana: titolo conquistato grazie ai suoi villaggi rupestri e le suggestive vie delle cave frequentate fin dal periodo etrusco.

Visitarla è come fare un viaggio nel tempo: un tipico e affascinante borgo con le casette tutte addossate e vicoli pittoreschi dove si respira un’atmosfera unica.

Grazie a ciò, è stato insignito anche del premio di Bandiera Arancione da parte del Touring Club.

Si suppone che Sorano fosse inizialmente abitata dal popolo villanoviano, la prima civiltà conosciuta dell'Era del Ferro seguita, poi, dagli Etruschi; appartenne in seguito alla famiglia Aldobrandeschi che la fece crescere come borgo difensivo, fortificandola con i bastioni e imponendosi come uno dei feudi più potenti della Toscana meridionale per più di quattro secoli.

Più che unico nel suo genere è il Parco archeologico della Città del Tufo, dove si ritrovano i maggiori tesori storici, archeologici e culturali di Sovana, Sorano e Vitozza.🇮🇹❤👏👋

Sorano is an ancient city that flourished in Etruscan times. Due to its conformation, perched on a cliff and dug into the tuff (like the nearby Pitigliano), Sorano is also known as the Matera of Tuscany: a title conquered thanks to its rock villages and the suggestive streets of the quarries frequented since Etruscan times period.

Visiting it is like taking a journey through time: a typical and suggestive village with houses all leaning against each other and picturesque alleys where you can breathe a unique atmosphere.

Thanks to this, it was also awarded the Touring Club's Orange Flag.

It is assumed that Sorano was initially inhabited by the Villanovans, the first known civilization of the Iron Age followed by the Etruscans; later it belonged to the Aldobrandeschi who made it grow as a defensive village, fortifying it with ramparts and establishing itself as one of the most powerful fiefdoms in southern Tuscany for more than four centuries.

More than one of a kind, it is the Archaeological Park of the Città del Tufo, where the major historical, archaeological and cultural treasures of Sovana, Sorano and Vitozza are located.🇮🇹❤👏👋

Grazie: Complimenti a📷@instagram.com/blogsognoitaliano 💚🤍❤️

[arkhaios33]

Bronze leech fibulae

8th-7th century BCE

Ancient & Byzantine World, Europe, North Central Italy

Italic, Villanovan

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[blueiscoool]

A VILLANOVAN BRONZE VOTIVE HAND

CIRCA 7TH CENTURY B.C.

8 1/4 in. (21 cm.) high.

Votive offerings gained increasing popularity throughout Etruria, southern Latium and later northern Campania from the 7th Century onwards. Most gods were thought to possess the power to heal, and the sick flocked to their sanctuaries for a cure or to pray for future health. Predominantly these dedications depicted the parts of the human anatomy that needed healing. In particular in the area of Vulci many graves have been discovered containing pairs of hands cut from a sheet of bronze, rolled up at the base to form the wrist.

[caridadpineiro]

College Senior Dinner Dance

It seems like yesterday that hubby and I graduated from Villanova University. It’s where we met and dated and Villanova will always hold a special place in our hearts since some of our happiest times happened there. One of them was our Senior Dinner Dance where we got to celebrate with our fellow Villanovans that were about to graduate and go on to the next phase of our lives. Hubby and I had…

[unieduvn]

The Villanovan

https://unie.edu.vn/?p=9734 Villanovan households from close to and much gathered on campus this weekend for a wide range of occ...

[rausule]

Piazza Vethluna mitiese Vethluna U heerskap welkom in die plaaslike volkstaal Latyn .

'n Middeleeuse dorpie verdedig deur stewige Etruskiese mure kyk uit oor Grosseto en Castiglione della Pescaia. Vetulonia, die antieke Vethluna, staan ​​op 'n heuwel op 'n hoogte van 345 meter, wat noord front op die heuwels van Massa Marittima. In antieke tye het die Prilemeer na die suide gestrek, 'n inlaat van brakwater wat 'n groot deel van die vlakte rondom vandag se Grosseto beslaan het, en waarvan die Diaccia Botrona-moeras vandag oorbly.

Die eerste nedersettings op die heuwels van Vetulonia dateer uit die 10de eeu vC, toe die teenwoordigheid van dorpe en nekropole van die Villanovan-kultuur gedokumenteer is. Die stad Vethluna is in die 7de eeu gevorm, was omring deur mure, het welvarend geword danksy die beheer oor die myne van Massa Marittima, en het in die 4de eeu vC deur 'n ekonomiese krisis gegaan.

'n Vinnige herstel het gevolg, waartydens die stad sy eie geld kom munt het, en toe onderwerping aan Rome in 241 vC. Dit was Vetulonia wat na die stad op die sewe heuwels twee simbole van mag oorgedra het, soos die fasses en die krul-saal.

Die gebeure van Vetulonia in die vroeë Middeleeue is nie bekend nie, maar dit is seker dat die geheue van die antieke stad heeltemal verlore gegaan het, en die dorp is herdoop na Poggio Colonna. Aan die begin van die 19de eeu het argeoloë lank na die mitiese Vethluna gesoek, wat geleidelik met Doganella, Ghiaccioforte en ander terreine in die Maremma geïdentifiseer is. Dit was die dokter Isidoro Falchi wat die posisie van die antieke stad in 1887 korrek geïdentifiseer het. 'n Jaar later is die dorp herdoop na Vetulonia.

Die pad wat na die dorp klim, loop langs die ruïnes van 'n distrik uit die Hellenistiese tydperk (3de-2de eeu vC) wat deur 'n geplaveide pad gekruis word. Aan die ander kant verskyn 'n gedeelte van die Etruskiese mure. Deur die Middeleeuse dorpie oor te steek, bewaak deur die Cassero Senese, bereik jy die mees skouspelagtige stuk van die Etruskiese mure, gebou in die 6de eeu vC, wat in sommige huise opgeneem is.

Die nuwe Argeologiese Museum toegewy aan Isidoro Falchi kyk uit oor Piazza Vethluna, wat in 2000 die plek van die ou struktuur ingeneem het, wat vir byna twintig jaar gesluit gebly het ná die diefstal van sommige vondste. Die uitstallings dek 'n tydperk van die 10de tot die 1ste eeu vC.

Die Etruskiese nekropolis, met sy manjifieke tumulusgrafte, strek tot by die grondbasis.

[thatshowthingstarted]

Villanovan Bronze Disk, Circa 7th century BC,

A heavy cast, thick plate of bronze covered with a beautiful green and blue patina.

The Villanovan period is regarded as the earliest phase of Etruscan civilisation. Archaeological evidence and ancient literature alike show that the Etruscans had a dynamic artistic production. 

They were true masters of bronze and their vibrant metalwork was highly prized and exported throughout the ancient world. Progressively assimilated into Roman culture from the fourth century BC, the Etruscans gave Ancient Rome its most famous legendary king, Tarquin the Proud, whose tyrannical reign led to the foundation of the Roman Republic.

Diameter: 9 inches (22.9 cm)

Height: 12 3/4 inches (32.4 cm) on stand

Courtesy: Ariadne

[scarlettmoram]

Was the idea of death important for antique Italy cultures?

Many cultures stablished in the Mediterranean area are well known for their culture methods, ancient constructions, their myths, deities and also by the way they used to bury the dead.

At the start they used to bury in special biconical urns the cremated body of the deceased underground, this is one of the reason why these cultures were known in the antiquity as an unique traits of them, which lead them to be known as the urnfield culture (Etruscans and Villanovans). For this metal urns with the shape of the first houses of the roman cultures, it can be said were the ones Romulus and Remo lived in, and give us an idea of it.

As the time passed on, cemeteries, later on necropolis, were stablished near the cities with special orders and distribution according to the social status of the person who died. This places were considered impure and filled with malephisies, so that’s the reason why those were placed at special locations, for example: The Sepulcrum near the today’s known as “The Roman Forum” at the Tiber river.

Some tombs tend to have more detail than others, more ornaments too, because in their beliefs at the afterlife people would be able to enjoy the artefacts and gold left for them. This can be seen in the artefacts left on Etruscan tombs named tumulus, which had cameras for the deceased with bucchero black pottery as this would be used as a banquet at the afterlife.

Also as they admired Greek culture’s art and myths, they used to decorate the tumulus’s interiors with paint made with metals of Greek gods and mythological creatures with importance and relation to death. As these creatures would bring company to the soul in their path to the afterlife. Giving as an example the hippocampus. 

As we can observe from Etruscan tombs, the death of an Etruscan involved a ceremony for the person as they adored life and with it they understood death as part of it, as the end of life in the world but the beginning of something more. Having mentioned this, they could be interpreted as fatalistic people with adoration for dead, they made these celebrations and “gave” gifts to the dead with the purpose of making afterlife less complicated of painful.

In conclusion, antique cultures such as Etruscans and Villanovans were cultures whose point of view about life was that it was full of enjoyment and energy, and once this was taken from people - in other words- they died, death was as a contrary of life, a painful path to afterlife… But not because of that it was wrong, it was just part of life, something impossible to omit. As a result, those beliefs are settled in the way they used to bury their people, big necropolis with order and art as part of it which reflected their people’s idea of what dead is alike and how the rituals they used to make were related to their cosmology. By being that said, death was important but also feared, just as it is in modern days.