#view of a Norman village

[artschoolglasses]

View of a Norman Village, Charles Mozin, 1830

[mariacallous]

If there was a pro-Palestinian movement that wanted to capitalise on the disgust at the destruction of Gaza, it would be moving now to demand a compromise peace.

Western and Arab governments should use every sanction to enforce the removal of Jewish settlements in the occupied territories, it would say. They are designed to so change the demography of the West Bank that a Palestinian state becomes an impossibility.

 Since Netanyahu came back to power in a coalition with the far right,  mobs have wrecked Huwara and other Palestinian villages.  It is not too fanciful to imagine a future when ethnic cleansers will run riot.

Western governments have already made tentative and, from the point of view of any robust and principled supporter of Palestine, wholly inadequate gestures. They have issued sanctions on groups that fund extremism, and left it there.

But instead of the global left demanding that the world begins to lay the groundwork for compromise, it insists on war, and a war to the death at that.

I could moralise about left ignorance. I could say its position that Israel is a settler colonial state is at best a half-truth which fails to acknowledge that its population is made up of the descendants of refugees from Arab nationalism and European fascism.

Let me for once avoid preachiness, however, and say that from the practical point of view, the global left has adopted a disastrous position.

It’s worse than a crime, it’s a blunder.

In any war to the death, Israel will win. It has nuclear weapons and a population under arms

Those who urge the abolition of Israel by chanting “from the river to the sea/ Palestine will be free” or by demanding that the descendants of Palestinians refugees have a right to return to swamp the Jewish state may think they are being principled. But they are playing into the hands of the Israeli right.

Netanyahu tells the West that he has no partners for peace. By supporting the programme of Hamas and Iran, the global left is proving him right.

When Iran attacks, the Israeli right can say completely accurately that its enemies want to wipe Israel from the map. And look what happens then. Not just Western countries but Arab states like Jordan defend Israel.

Two can play at the game of demanding total victory, and one side has all the advantages.

As the charter of the hard-line rightist Likud party put it, in  language which sounds familiar: “Between the Sea and the River Jordan there will only be Israeli sovereignty.”

If I were Palestinian, I could imagine myself wanting Israel gone. But the hope of total victory has been a disaster. In 1948, 1967 and 1973 the Arab states tried to wipe Israel off the map and succeeded only in strengthening it.

There is still a great deal of argument about what Hamas thought would happen when its terrorists attacked Israel in October. One theory holds that Hamas was possessed with the same delusion that misled the Bolsheviks in 1917, and hoped to ignite a general uprising.

The Arab masses failed to rise up on Hamas’s behalf and Iran made it clear it was not prepared to engage in more than token warfare with Israel.

Once again, an attempt to wipe out Israel has brought harm to Palestinian civilians.

If you doubt me on the dangers of going for a purist, maximal strategy and demanding total victory, listen to a true leftist, Norman Finkelstein.

There was a time when I admired his attacks on the “Holocaust Industry” and Jews who exploited Nazism to help Israel.

But after my own experiences of left antisemitism, I became suspicious of an argument which, when taken to extreme, was used to maintain the pretence that anti-Jewish racism did not exist, or barely existed, and that accusations of antisemitism were log rolling by cunning Jews seeking to exploit the compassion of naïve gentiles.

The parallels with anti-black racists who claim their opponents are merely “playing the race card” were too obvious to labour.

No such qualms held Finkelstein back. He helped build the anti-Israel movement in the US, and you might have thought his comrades would have listened to him.

He gave a speech at the student sit-in at Columbia university saying they should not chant for the abolition of Israel and for a Palestine “from the river to the sea”.

If you leave “wriggle room for misinterpretation,” he said, your enemies will exploit it.

The speech was a faintly embarrassing performance. Finkelstein is an old man now, and he rambled down many rhetorical cul-de-sac​s. At the end the students just laughed at him and began chanting “from the river to the sea/ Palestine will be free”.

A part of the explanation for their disastrous flight to the extremes lies in the appeal of ​Manichaeism.

People want to feel wholly virtuous and by necessity want to believe their enemies are wholly evil. In these circumstances, only the co​mplete destruction of evil from the river to the sea will suffice. It’s simply not enough to say that Israel must merely withdraw from the occupied territories. Satan and all his works must be renounced.

You might object that some protestors say they want to replace Israel with a sweet, multicultural liberal democracy. But this is progressive thinking at its woozy wishful-thinking worst: an argument made in clear bad faith.

If they were serious, they would damn Hamas, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Iran who want to create an Islamic state. But it is not just that they do not criticise radical Islam, they barely acknowledge its existence. If you listen to the speeches at the rallies and sit-ins, Hamas and its ultra-reactionary blood-stained ideology are simply not mentioned.

The effort is self-defeating. By going to the extremes, a protest movement has a Manichean appeal but it plays into the hands of its enemies.

The “evaporation theory of protest” explains the phenomenon. When the Gaza war ends, and let us hope that it ends soon, most of the protestors will drift away and get on with their lives.

As they evaporate, all that is left will be a residue composed of the most committed and the most extreme.

They will carry on campaigning when the cause is all but forgotten. When Palestine and Israel are no longer in the news, they will still be there.

And when the next war begins in Israel/Palestine – and I am afraid that there will be a next one – they will organise the protests, write the extreme slogans and set the maximalist demands.

This is why the far left dictates the terms of left-wing protests, and why those protests fail.

Or to put it another way, this is why Jeremy Corbyn became leader of the Labour party and then lost every election he fought

I could be wrong. Perhaps the global wave of protest will bring change for the better. I hope it does. But I fear that, as so often, Palestinian people will be worse off than they were before.​

[onskepa]

hello again! Could you make the sully family including Mo"at and tonowari family react to how to train your dragon and both of them to be in the same universe.

hello sweetie! Okie, so its been so loooooooooooooooong since I watched the movies, so I took my sweet ass time to re-watch the first movie [idk if ya wanna ask for more in the future]. So I only placed the important events. So sit back, relax and enjoy~!!

---------------------

Myth or Ancient?

“Here, and be careful not to touch the shiny part with your fingers, it can ruin the colors. So it's super delicate” Norm carefully instructs tsireya and rotxo who nod enthusiastically. “You can trust us Norman sir” rotxo promises with a wide happy grin. Saying their bye’s, tisreya and rotxo run to the village as they start to talk about what sort of ‘snacks’ to eat for when they watch the disk called ‘movie’. 

“Demon technology is very interesting when it is not scary. How can this round thing show colors or people?” tsireya wonders as she stares down at the flat box that is protecting the disk. Rotxo shrugs, “even if lo’ak or kiri explains to us, I get the feeling we will still be confused” he says. They make their way slowly as they look at the cover of the thin box. 

Tsireya squints her eyes and reads the letters but if anything, the bold red kinda annoys her eye site. “That is a lot of red…” she muttered. She usually sees human language in green or white. Rotxo leans in, “do you think the colors have different meanings?” he wonders. This time tsireya shrugged. 

Lo’ak and neteyam were showing ao’nung how a camera works while their parents chat in a not so far distance. Everyone had their noon meal, stomachs full and in a mood for tea as the other villagers enjoy their relaxing day. 

“Wait so I just stare at this circle thing and-” 

*SNAP!* 

“Ow! My eyes! Did it just blind me!?” Ao'nung screeches dramatically as he rubs his eyes, adjusting from the sudden flash of light. Lo’ak was cackling like a madman as neteyam chuckles at the reef prince’s antics. “Oh I have to see the result!” lo’ak says as he snatches the camera from ao’nung. 

As the boys looked at the result, mo’at, jake and neytiri were talking with tonowari and ronal. “There are many ways the people have enjoyed themselves, even with demon technology that causes no harm. We do keep it very limited to usage and the purpose of it” neytiri explains to tonowari and ronal. And as if on que, running towards them was tsireya and rotxo. 

“Mother, father, look what sir Norman granted us to see” tsireya says happily as she shows the thin box to the adults. Tonowari leaned in to see. “There are tiny letters that I cannot read so well,” he says. Tsireya hands it over to Jake to see if he can read which, Jake grins happily. “Babe, it's your favorite movie,” he grins. Neytiri's ears perk up and tail swaying happily, “how to train your dragon?”. Jake nods in confirmation. 

“What is it?” Tonowari asks, “something I believe you might all like. Come, let's prepare for what we call a movie night” Neytiri smiles wide as she answers his question.

Food was cooked and shared, many mats, cushions, and other forms of sitting was set as Jake and norm prepared the projector. Tonowari and his family got the best seats, right at the center where they can see the view perfectly. 

“How will we see this…movie?” Ronal asks as she cradles her young baby. Spider brought little treats for her baby kindly answers. “In simple terms, the movie will be seen like physical people telling their story, like 3D”. Ronal just stared at him, lost at the explanation. He chuckles nervously, “you know what? Best to see the magic yourself”. 

After 30 minutes of everyone huddling together, sharing their portions and for the Eclipse to take full effect of the night, norm began to press play. 

And for the metkayina family, they gasped in awe. Massive colors of mountains, the sea, the clouds! They looked so solid and floating in mid air! 

“Majic of holograms-” 

“Ok shut up lo’ak”

 “This is Berk…” 

The main character began to speak, narrating about his home and life. Show how it is at night, from the animals to the form of the berk village. The whole style captured the reef na’vi attention very well. 

“Incredible….” Tisreya mutters as she leans against lo’aks shoulder. 

“The only problems are the pest” 

The scene zooms in on the poker face sheeps, enjoying their nightly dinner with all of a sudden claws grabbing it. Ao’nung and rotxo gasped, just what was it? 

“Most people have mice, or mosquitos, but we have….” 

A door opens to see the sheep running away, and a monster flying dangerously close looked at the open door and breathed out fire. 

“Dragons!” 

“Dragons? What are those?” Tonowari asks, neytiri not far from his family simply smiles, “proud and fearless creatures, like the ikrans' '. Neytiri pops a popcorn in her mouth as she snuggles with Jake, enjoying her all time favorite movie. 

“Dragons…” Ronal repeats but with wonder. Oh they definitely have the family’s attention now. 

“What is he doing out here ag-what are you doing out here?! Get inside!” 

“That is stoick the Vast, chief of the tribe. They say when he was a baby, he popped a dragon's head clean off from its shoulders. Do I believe it? Yes I do” 

Hiccup narrates of the large man who was able to easily pick him like nothing. 

Tonowari looks at the leader being show, “why is his face mostly hair?” he asks. “Thats how the vikings were back then. Said to attract and scare off anything” Jake replies easily. Tonowari hums at that, slowly liking this stoick guy. 

The movie continues to show the insanity of the dragons attacks. Their fiery breaths destroy so many homes, taking animals left and right. And the people fend them off in many ways. Utter chaos all around, but shows how it is their normal everyday life. 

For lo’ak and spider, hiccup has become their favorite character. Despite the awkwardness and having to be kept inside from dangers, they can understand him on a deep level. Which is why they understand hiccup’s need to kill a dragon, his way of “making his mark”. 

“One day bro…one day” lo’ak whispers to spider. But the human boy nudges him away, “dude you became brothers with a tulkun. I think you already made your mark on that” spider says in a deadpan way.

Spider can understand hiccup from how their own bodies are. Yes spider isn't shaped to stand the planet's environments but he makes it through. Just like how hiccups is small and lanky, he makes his way through his crazy viking life.

“So many different types of dragons….and many are so ugly” Ronal says as hiccup lists different dragon species. Tonowari can't help but chuckle, his guess, dragons are not meant to be a pretty sight if they are considered dangerous creatures of the skies. 

“There are prettier dragons you know” Neytiri comments. 

Ronal turns to her, “how so?” 

“Later you shall see. I rather not spoil the fun”

As the scene goes on, the one, the only, night fury dragon has entered the battlefield. Everyone cheers for that dragon, a common favorite in the clan. “Amazing! I want to see the full view of the nightly beast-what is hiccup doing?” it was rotxo who said that. He enjoyed the building hype until the next part focuses on hiccup setting up what looks like a trapping weapon. 

“He is going to get himself killed!” ao’nung whispers/shouts. 

“Yeah, that is going to happen a lot in this” neteyam calmly answers as he offers popcorn to ao’nung to whom happily accepts. 

“Yes! Did anybody see that?!” hiccup shouts excitedly. 

“He did” tsireya points happily as the monstrous nightmare dragons crawls up from the cliff. 

“Well he is toast” 

Neytiri cringed a bit at Jake's joke, but held in her laugh.

But as the next scenes go, things didn't go as smooth as stoick would have liked. Having more things being burned at the dragon chases hiccup, only for later to be given a lecture in front of the massive crowd. 

“I feel you hiccup” lo’aks voice cracks as a single tea falls from his face.

“The forest looks so pretty” tsireya comments as she admires the pretty view of the berk forest. Similar to the omatikaya forest, yet it is still different. Human environment truly never bores her. But as she admires the scenery, they reach the part as hiccup searches high and low for the night fury dragon he has shot down while ranting and venting his anger. 

“He found it!” rotxo points out the obvious thing but doesn't care. The suspense grows, hiccup takes out his blade which makes the sully’s give out a chuckle. “Tuk’s blade is bigger and sharper than that” neteyam says as he calms himself. Tisreya looks over at him. “Now that you mentioned is, where are your sisters? I figured they would enjoy this too” she wonders. Neteyam shakes his head, “no, they have something better”. 

Not sure what he meant by that, but tsireya accepts his answer. 

“Oh he is a beauty…” ronal admires the slow scene of the night fury. Capturing every detail and its mesmerizing green eyes. The look of a dangerous, unpredictable hunter. Something about it gives chills down her spine. 

“Indeed, he is my second favorite dragon,” Neytiri adds. Ronal wonders if another like the night fury will appear later on in the movie. 

Hiccup takes deep breaths, hesitating, heart racing. 

“He isn't….he isnt going to kill the dragon is he???” ao’nung asks, already feeling sad for the poor beast. Nobody answers. The tension is rising. The music is rising to its peak. Will he do it? Will he cut out the heart? 

Will the night devil accept his fate? 

No because hiccup decided to cut the ropes and only faint a minute later after releasing the dragon. 

“That was crazy of him, but also with the night fury” tsireya looks at the scene. Feeling worried about hiccup. There was a lot of stress happening in those few short minutes. “Makes you think if he still wants to follow the ‘viking’ style like his people” ao’nung comments, making air quotes like how the sully kids do.

“Can you stop that?!” gobber shouts at fishlegs who for some odd reason is doing quick math as gobber lists the dragons that are behind the tight metal gates. 

“Interesting kids…” Tonowari obersves how each teenager is like. From the annoying twins to the tough girl act, Astrid. While at the same time, Jake was able to enjoy how Astrid was like. Reminded him so much of a certain tough girl. 

“Today is about survival. If you get blasted, you’re dead!” Gobber informs. Tisreya claps her hands as ao’nung listens to what gobber is saying. 

“It is just like an iknimaya. Learning at first hand, "Tonowari says in awe. He enjoys the scene as the kids in screen run for their lives and make a fool of themselves. The reef kids all smile as they remember their early stages and future stages of their iknimaya. 

“Is it similar to what you had to go through?” Ao’nung asks neteyam, the young boy nods “similar yes. Remind me of how we tamed out ikrans”. 

“And remember, dragons always go for the kill” Gobber stares at hiccup after his massive mistake. Ao’nung and rotxo tilt their heads on that one. 

“If that is true, why didn't the night fury attack him then?”

Hiccup began to slowly gain the trust of the nightfury, keeping his distance while feeding it fish. 

“I guess for humans its harder since neither the dragon or hiccup have a way to connect” it fascinates tisreya. Using a queue makes a bond easier. However for humans, it takes a lot of work and a lot of patience. And it shows the results. 

The nightfury, who was given the name toothless, has come to enjoy hiccups presence. 

“Their bond grows stronger” Tonowari looks in awe. Reminds him of how the animals bond and grow alongside the na’vi. As the movie continues, seeing how dragons live, and learning through hiccup, it was literally learning a whole new world, or in this case, the old world. 

Ronal however, seems to wonder about future possibilities. Balancing a secret and becoming ‘popular’ is multitasking. “It is only a matter before the truth comes to light…”

Ronal was correct. 

Hiccup’s secret was found out, without meaning to. He has a final test, to defeat a dragon in the trial dome. Everyone was cheering him on, but his life was in danger. Hearing his shouts, toothless heard and ran for his aid. Exposing to the whole village that the infamous nightfury was there all along. 

And to make matters worse, stoick used toothless as a naivator to find the queen of the dragons nest. 

“He is going to get everyone killed!!” tsireya shouts/whispers. Hugging her knees tight, feeling sad for hiccup and toothless. 

Clearly a war with the dragons seems very dangerous, even with the prepared weapons to take all of the dragons down, the queen is not a dragon that can be taken down so easily. And when she came to full view, was she terrifying. 

“So horrid…” 

“Yet to captivating” 

Neytiri and Jake enjoy seeing the metkayina’s reactions. The reveal of the queen never fails. “The queen will surely give me nightmares tonight” Ao’nung says, not liking how many sharp teeths the giant dragon has. Neteyam chuckles at that, “don't worry my friend, a true dragon queen is never ugly. Beautiful in reality”. 

Ao’nung looks over at neteyam with some doubt, “you make it sound as if you met a real dragon” 

Neteyam didnt say anything further and just enjoy the movie.

“NO!” 

Rotxo hid his face with the empty popcorn bucket, not wanting to see the impact of hiccup’s ultimate demise. Tsireya hides her eyes also, ready to cry if the poor boy is dead. “Please tell me he is not dead…I can't look '', lo’ak chuckles at that. “Come on, look, you will miss it” he encourages. Gently lifting tsireya’s chin to face the film, worry clearly seen in her eyes. 

In sigh of happiness and relief, they all see toothless covering passed out hiccup. Stoick goes to see his son, safe and in one piece. Well, almost in one piece. 

“Oh no…” Ronal covers her mouth as it is revealed hiccup lost his leg. Tonowari leans in, whispering to himself, encouraging hiccup he can do it, he can walk with his new leg. “It's not going to stop him, for sure” ao’nung says, his eyes so glued in to the final parts of the movie. 

“If the queen couldn't, nothing will” lo’ak says. 

“It was hardly a queen” netyiri gently scoffing at the dead horrid dragon. 

The door opens to show the village waiting for hiccup, welcoming back. And with a newfound perspective, thanks to him. Now the village embraces the dragons as their new companions. And of course, a new saddle to ride on, hiccup takes his flight in the new era of humans and dragons. 

“This is berk, its snows 9 months of the year and hails the other three. Any food that grows here tough and tasteless, the people that grow here even more sore. The only upsides are the pets. While in some places have ponies, or parrots, we have dragons” 

The credits began to role, thus the movie ended. 

Tsireya and rotxo clapped enthusiastically, as ao’nung nodded in appreciation. Ronal and Tonowari nodded to neytiri and jake, their way of saying thanks for the delightful entertainment. 

“That movie was incredible! But, were dragons indeed real? Have they gone extinct?” Tsireya could help but ask. She learned that the vikings were indeed real, but what else was real? As she asks aways, Ronal couldn't help but just notice something. 

“Neytiri, where are your daughters? I haven't seen them since we got here” she asks. Neytiri chuckles a bit as she prepares some late night meals for everyone, “they will all be here soon” 

“No sooner enough” was the voice of mo’at as she entered their home. The sully family welcomes her in, the metkayina greeting the tsahik. Mo’at sits beside her grandsons and accepts the meal from jake. “Where is kiri and tuk if I may ask? They missed such an amazing film!” Tsireya asks mo’at. 

“That movie of the dragons? I have seen it endless amounts of times I can recite the whole thing. My granddaughters would agree on that” mo’at answers. 

“But where are they?” 

“Enjoying the real dragon experience” 

This confused the reef na’vi a bit. But before anyone else can say anything, there was a loud shreek. It was an unfamiliar sound, at least to tonowari and his family. But this sound brought smiles to the sully family. “Right on time” jake said, everyone running out to see what it was. 

Opening the flaps wide, ronal peeked out and gasped loudly. 

“Is that…” 

“Oh my Eywa they are real!!” 

A dragon! A mighty one at that! It gently flapped its wings, landing down safely on a very thick branch. Climbing down was kiri and tuk, whose hairs were literally everywhere. “We are home!” tuk announces happily, running towards jake who catched her in mid jump. “Mom, you should have joined us, it was simply wonderful,” kiri says as she smiles. 

Tonowari and his family were left stunned and speechless, a dragon, in front of them! 

“Come on, dont just stand there, you want to meet her?” Lo’ak says as he and neteyam go to the dragon. 

“Her…?” tonowari repeats. Neytiri happily goes over to the dragon and gives her many kisses, the dragon releases what sound like pleasing purrs. 

“Yes, this is…..” 

The ending is up to you to interpret. But I hope you guys enjoyed it! Until next time! See ya!

[calabria-mediterranea]

Gerace, Calabria, Italy

Tucked away in the southern region of Calabria, Italy, lies the stunning medieval village of Gerace. The village, situated on a hilltop overlooking the Ionian Sea, is a hidden gem often overlooked by tourists. However, those who take the time to explore this charming village will be rewarded with a rich history, breathtaking views, delicious cuisine, and fascinating curiosities.

The village was likely founded by the Greeks in the 8th century BC and then taken by the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Normans. Each of these conquerors left their mark on its architecture and culture, resulting in a unique blend of styles and traditions.

Follow us on Instagram, @calabria_mediterranea

[coldalbion]

So, it's been a while, but some of you may rember I write book reviews for Paralibrum occasionally. This one is from a while back but has just gone live: MAGIC IN MERLIN'S REALM: A HISTORY OF OCCULT POLITICS IN BRITAIN, by Dr Francis Young.

I love this book because it upends a chunk of modern dogma that 'magic' was solely fringe, and not something that has been alongside and intertwined with politics and power of all stripes - from the rebel to the monarch- recorded for over a thousand years.

By using the figure of Merlin as created by Geoffrey of Monmouth, Young provides a lens for us to understand that the idea of the magical practitioner was not confined to solely peripheral figures such as the proverbial witch on the edge of the village but that the image of the magus is its double, found at the heart of mediaeval, early modern, and even modern politics – often at the heart of British court life. As Young points out, however, court life does not necessarily mean at the monarch’s right hand – yet in some cases, British monarchs deliberately cultivated the image of a Hermetic magus: As much as masques and architecture, the temporary architecture and elaborate decorations which accompanied Stuart royal processions in London constituted ‘a form of ceremonial magic centred on the image of the monarch as the sun’. (loc. 5764) With Merlin comes Arthur, the rightful, legitimate king of the Britons. This is something Young makes abundantly clear – that several monarchs and dynasties have used the mythological grounding of Arthur, Solomon, and the persona of a Hermetic magus, as proof of legitimacy in the face of rebellion or political unrest. Yet, as he repeatedly shows, even at the most cynical, such marriages of political, mythological and occult power were used because people believed in magic. It was part of the worlding performed – its imagery operated in a “cult of the visual”, which was for, at least the Tudors, also a “cult of chivalry […] a cult of occult wisdom” with ‘“a dark side [which] was the potential magical misuse of pictures of the monarch. Elizabethan culture was preoccupied with double meanings, so that symbols (like the Tudor rose, itself a symbol of secrecy as well as a dynastic badge) were frequently suffused with occult power and significance.” (all loc. 3822)

Such things reach further back: the Norman kings promoted Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Merlin because he prophesied their coming, allowing them to position themselves as just one more proper phase in the history of Britain. Further, Young highlights that William I himself is recorded as “engaging a female magical practitioner” against Hereward in the earliest record of a monarch employing a practitioner. This raises the idea that the Normans’ reliance on Merlin and his prophecies meant that “their own self-representation effectively depended on an occult tradition.” (loc. 2355). Rather than Arthur, however, it was new shapes of knowing and knowledge from the Islamic world – preservations and iterations on, and of, Hebrew, Graeco-Roman, and Egyptian understandings – which began to move more strongly into the worldings of magic in Britain post-Conquest.

[reasoningdaily]

Africa begins in the Pyrenees

It is an error of geography to have assigned Spain to Europe; it belongs to Africa: blood, manners, language, the way of life and making war, in Spain everything is African. The two nations have been mixed up for too long–the Carthaginians who came from Africa to Spain, the Vandals who left Spain for Africa, the Moors who stayed in Spain for 700 years–for such a long cohabitation not to have confused the race and customs of the two countries. If the Spaniard were Mohammedan, he would be completely African; it is religion that has kept it in Europe.

In his book, Ripley also proposed the idea that “Africa begins beyond the Pyrenees”, as he wrote in page 272 :

” Beyond the Pyrenees begins Africa. Once that natural barrier is crossed, the Mediterranean racial type in all its purity confronts us. The human phenomena is entirely parallel with the sudden transition to the flora and fauna of the south. The Iberian population thus isolated from the rest of Europe, are allied in all important anthropological respects with the peoples inhabiting Africa north of the Sahara, from the Red Sea to the Atlantic.”

The phrase is one of a bunch used by residents of the Carolingian Coal and Steel Community (with bastard Norman outliers) to locate themselves in the European heartland.

Alexandre Dumas père is usually credited, which seems pretty unlikely since when Domingos António de Sousa Coutinho, Count of Funchal wrote in La guerre de la Péninsule sous son véritable point de vue (1816) that Dominique Dufour de Pradt “fait commencer l’Afrique aux Pyrenées” Dumas was only 14. A quick trawl doesn’t turn up any written record of M de Pradt having used the phrase, but his bestselling account of France’s dreadful experiences during the then recent Peninsular War, Mémoires historiques sur la révolution d’Espagne (1816), contains a sturdy exposition of the substance behind the slogan:

It is an error of geography to have assigned Spain to Europe; it belongs to Africa: blood, manners, language, the way of life and making war, in Spain everything is African. The two nations have been mixed up for too long–the Carthaginians who came from Africa to Spain, the Vandals who left Spain for Africa, the Moors who stayed in Spain for 700 years–for such a long cohabitation not to have confused the race and customs of the two countries. If the Spaniard were Mohammedan, he would be completely African; it is religion that has kept it in Europe. C’est une erreur de la géographie que d’avoir attribué l’Espagne à l’Europe; elle appartient à l’Afrique: sang, mœurs, langage, manière de vivre et de combattre; en Espagne tout est africain. Les deux nations ont été mêlées trop longtems, les Carthaginois venus d’Afrique en Espagne, les Vandales passés d’Espagne en Afrique, les Maures séjournant eu Espagne pendant 700 ans, pour qu’une aussi longue cohabitation, pour que ces tranfusions de peuples et de coutumes n’aient pas confondu ensemble les races et les mœurs des deux contrées. Si l’Espagnol était Mahométan, il serait un Africain complet; c’est la religion qui l’a conservé à l’Europe.

I believe both de Pradt and do Funchal attended the magnificently sociable Congress of Vienna, so I wouldn’t be surprised if it turned out that the former used it there as a way of expressing succintly his view of the post-Napoleonic era and the latter gratefully noted it for future use–it seems unlikely that a Portuguese count would have either classified himself as African or been so modest as to deny authorship of such a striking phrase. Dumas fils, says Néstor Luján, denied that his father would have uttered the phrase, both being passionate admirers of Spain,

despite having been stoned by the entire population of a village in the province of Granada whose name I do not care to recall.

Not exactly a resounding endorsement.

[zerogate]

In 1941, Stanislaw Poniatowski, Professor of Ethnology at the University of Warsaw, handed a small stone to an elderly Pole. For twenty minutes, Stefan Ossowiecki felt the object, rolling it over and clasping it in his hand, then he spoke:

I see very well, it is part of a spear … I see round houses, wooden, covered with grey clay, over walls of animal hide … People with black hair, enormous feet, large hands, low foreheads, eyes deeply set …

He went on for an hour, giving a detailed view of the daily life, dress, appearance and behaviour of a Palaeolithic people; including an account of their ritual use of red ochre and lime as cosmetics, and a description of a cremation ceremony. All of which was totally appropriate for a projectile point identified by the Warsaw Museum as belonging to the fifteen-thousand-year-old Magdalenian culture.

Ossowiecki was murdered by the Gestapo in 1944, but he was tested further during the war years with another thirty-two assorted objects from the Museum – including stone tools, bone fishhooks and ceramic figurines. And in each case he provided vivid panoramic descriptions that read like eye-witness accounts of communities and technologies ranging from half-a-million-year-old Acheulian times, through Mousterian, Aurignacian and Neanderthal cultures, to the present day. These accounts were stimulated by objects that only experts could be sure to recognise, and were supported by further complementary detail when the same object was given to him again at a later date. Despite the fact that Ossowiecki was a chemical engineer with no conscious interest in prehistoric archaeology, his descriptions are not only consistent with what was then known about the cultures in question, but sometimes included information that has only come to light as a result of discoveries made since he died.

[...]

Norman Emerson, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Toronto, regularly uses what he calls “intuitive archaeology” on field expeditions. He has discovered a truck driver called George McMullen, who has no formal education and never reads anthropological literature, but seems to be able to “read” artefacts in the same way as Stefan Ossowiecki – providing information on the Iroquois Indians, which Emerson knows to be accurate. Taken to a potential site, McMullen “almost quivers and comes alive like a sensitive bird dog scenting his prey”. He walks rapidly over the area to orient himself and then begins to describe the people who lived there – their age, their dress, their way of life and the whereabouts of their buildings. He once walked over a patch of bare ground, pacing out the perimeter of what he claimed was an Iroquois long house, while Emerson followed behind him placing survey pegs in the earth. Six weeks later, the entire structure was excavated exactly where McMullen said it would be.

On another occasion, he helped archaeologist Patrick Reed who was working on a tenth-century Indian village buried beneath an overgrown field. Reed was sceptical about the claims of “psychic archaeology” and determined to put McMullen to a stern test:

I thought I’d ask him where the stockade wall of the village had been. I was pretty sure it had one, but I hadn’t been able to find it. George told me, “It’s there”, and traced out a line forty feet long. Twelve inches under the ground, I found the stockade remains. It scared the hell out of me.

--  Lyall Watson, Beyond Supernature

[unusualplaces]

Craco: Italy's Abandoned Ghost Town

Discover the haunting beauty of Craco, Italy’s abandoned “ghost village.” Perched atop a rocky outcropping, Craco’s silhouette still captures the imagination of those who pass by. The town was first established by the Greeks in the 6th century AD, with evidence of even older settlements dating back to the 8th century BC. Its unique layout is a result of the medieval period, with a Norman…

[paulbeal]

🆕 Rosedale Abbey Walk: Discover the Rosedale Valley, Spaunton Moor, and Lastingham

🗺️ I’ve just added this brand-new walk to my website, a route we completed last week. It’s a fantastic 9¼-mile circular walk, perfect for those looking to explore the beauty and history of the North York Moors.

🏞️ Start your journey in the heart of Rosedale Abbey, a village steeped in history. Pass by the 16th-century White Horse Farm Inn before following a well-marked path along the stunning north-eastern and eastern edges of Spaunton Moor, offering breathtaking views over the Rosedale valley.

⛪ Make your way to the picturesque village of Lastingham, where you can explore the ancient Church of St Mary, a site of historical and religious importance, and descend into its unique Norman crypt, one of the finest in England.

🌄 Cross the wide-open landscapes of Spaunton Moor, heading towards the iconic Ana Cross, a modern replacement of a medieval wayside cross, before returning to the tranquillity of Rosedale Abbey to complete this memorable walk.

[sicilyvisits]

Discover the Magic of the Mediterranean: Sicily & Malta Vacation Packages

Embarking on a Mediterranean adventure offers a blend of rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cultures. Sicily and Malta, two jewels of the Mediterranean, provide an unforgettable travel experience. Whether you're a history buff, a beach lover, or a culinary enthusiast, vacation packages to Sicily and Malta cater to every type of traveler. Here's everything you need to know to plan your perfect getaway.

Why Choose Sicily & Malta for Your Next Vacation?

Sicily: As the largest island in the Mediterranean, Sicily boasts a diverse landscape ranging from pristine beaches and rugged mountains to charming villages and bustling cities. Its rich history is evident in the ancient Greek temples, Norman cathedrals, and Baroque architecture scattered across the island.

Malta: This small archipelago is renowned for its crystal-clear waters, historic sites, and vibrant nightlife. Malta's strategic location has made it a cultural melting pot, reflected in its unique blend of languages, cuisines, and traditions.

Top Attractions in Sicily

Valley of the Temples (Agrigento): A UNESCO World Heritage site, this archaeological treasure showcases some of the best-preserved ancient Greek temples.

Mount Etna: Europe's highest and most active volcano offers thrilling hikes and breathtaking views.

Palermo: The capital city is a vibrant hub of markets, historic churches, and lively street art.

Taormina: Known for its stunning coastline and the ancient Greco-Roman theater, Taormina is a perfect mix of natural beauty and cultural heritage.

Syracuse and Ortigia Island: Explore ancient Greek ruins, charming narrow streets, and the picturesque waterfront.

Must-See Spots in Malta

Valletta: The capital city, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is filled with baroque architecture, museums, and bustling piazzas.

Mdina: Known as the "Silent City," Mdina offers a glimpse into Malta's medieval past with its narrow streets and impressive fortifications.

Gozo: Malta's sister island, Gozo is famous for its scenic landscapes, including the Azure Window and the Ġgantija Temples.

Blue Lagoon (Comino): Perfect for swimming and snorkeling, the Blue Lagoon boasts some of the clearest waters in the Mediterranean.

Marsaxlokk: A traditional fishing village where you can enjoy fresh seafood and vibrant Sunday markets.

Types of Vacation Packages Available

All-Inclusive Packages:

What’s Included: Accommodation, meals, guided tours, and some activities.

Ideal For: Travelers who prefer a hassle-free experience with everything arranged in advance.

Customized Itineraries:

What’s Included: Tailored experiences based on your interests, whether it's history, adventure, or relaxation.

Ideal For: Those looking for a personalized travel experience.

Adventure Packages:

What’s Included: Activities like hiking Mount Etna, scuba diving in Malta, or exploring hidden gems off the beaten path.

Ideal For: Adventure seekers and active travelers.

Luxury Packages:

What’s Included: High-end accommodations, private tours, fine dining experiences, and exclusive activities.

Ideal For: Travelers looking for a premium and indulgent vacation.

Cultural and Heritage Tours:

What’s Included: Guided visits to historical sites, museums, and participation in local festivals.

Ideal For: History enthusiasts and culture lovers.

Sample Itineraries

7-Day Sicily & Malta Highlights:

Day 1-3: Sicily

Arrive in Palermo, explore the city's vibrant markets and historic sites.

Visit the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento.

Spend a day hiking Mount Etna and tasting local wines.

Day 4-7: Malta

Fly to Valletta, tour the city's baroque architecture and museums.

Explore Mdina and the ancient streets of Rabat.

Take a day trip to Gozo, visiting the Ġgantija Temples and the Azure Window.

Relax at the Blue Lagoon and enjoy water activities in Comino.

10-Day Luxury Escape:

Days 1-4: Sicily

Stay in a luxury villa in Taormina with private tours of Mount Etna and the ancient theater.

Enjoy gourmet dining experiences and spa treatments.

Days 5-10: Malta

Stay in a five-star hotel in Valletta with private yacht tours around the Maltese islands.

Indulge in exclusive wine tastings, private diving excursions, and personalized cultural tours.

Tips for Booking Your Vacation Package

Book in Advance: Especially during peak seasons (June to September), booking early ensures better rates and availability.

Check Inclusions: Make sure you understand what’s included in your package to avoid unexpected expenses.

Read Reviews: Look for feedback from other travelers to choose reputable tour operators and accommodation providers.

Consider Travel Insurance: Protect your investment against unforeseen circumstances like cancellations or medical emergencies.

Customize When Possible: Tailor your package to fit your interests and travel style for a more personalized experience.

Best Time to Visit

Sicily: Spring (April to June) and Fall (September to October) offer pleasant weather and fewer crowds.

Malta: Similar to Sicily, these seasons provide ideal conditions for sightseeing and outdoor activities, while the summer months are perfect for beach lovers.

Conclusion

Sicily & Malta Vacation Packages offer a captivating mix of history, culture, and natural beauty that can cater to a wide range of interests. With various vacation packages available, you can easily find an option that suits your preferences and budget. Whether you're seeking a romantic getaway, an adventurous expedition, or a cultural immersion, Sicily and Malta promise an unforgettable Mediterranean escape.

Ready to explore the wonders of Sicily and Malta? Start planning your dream vacation today and create memories that will last a lifetime!

[onskepa]

Hi, could I get a fic where the Sully kids + Spider learn through Norm what a wedding is so they organize one for Jake and Neytiri? Thanks in advance.

Ask and you shall recieve! This is such a cuuuuuuuuuuute idea~!! Hope you and everyone likes it! Enjoy~!!

P.S: Cover was done by none other than @jakexneytiri check her page out! Thank you darling for giving me permission to use your art!

---------------------

A wedding? A wedding!!!

Tuk sighs dreamily as she twirls and admires a flower kiri picked for her. Admiring the pretty color as how the sunlight reflects it. It somehow reminds her of her parents' love story, how they met and how they mated. In na’vi standards, it was not ideal but to tuk, it was perfect. Forbidden love? How tragic and romantic! 

Of course she has seen a few small handful of na’vi courting, and heard stories of her friends' parents' romantic paths. Yet she cannot help but wonder, do humans court the way na’vi do? Or is it different? Only one way to find out!

“Tuk, for the last time, I may be human, but that doesnt mean I know every human custom” spider patiently explains to a happy little tuk. Her tail sways in hopes she can  gather as much information as possible. Even with spider’s lack of knowledge, she doesn't give up! 

“What about uncle norm? He is from Earth, maybe he knows” tuk suggests. 

Spider nods in wonder, slightly agreeing. But then he turns back to her, “why are you interested in human customs all of a sudden?” he asks. Tuk isn't one to search for anything human related, she is fine with what little she is exposed to.  

With a happy smile, all too pleased to be asked that question. 

“I know all about na’vi courting, but I wanna know about human courting! Mom and dad didn't do either, so I wanna know!” 

Shrugging, spider seems to see her point of view. 

“Alright, lets go ask uncle norm” 

“I'm busy” Norman says without looking at the kids. They give him an unimpressed look. 

“Reading star wars comics for the millionth time doesnt count uncle norm” lo’ak says deadpanned. Norman stayed silent for a few seconds before putting his comic away. 

“What did spider or tuk eat this time?” he asks with a tired sigh. Both spider and tuk gave him a rather offended/surprised expression. 

“WOW, you really take us for a couple of skxawngs?” spider asks, putting his hands on his hips. 

“Sharing jake’s single braincell, yes” 

“Whatever, we didn't eat anything mysterious, yet, but, tuk wanted to ask you something and now we all wanna know” spider defends while slightly pushing tuk forward. 

Having norm’s full attention, tuk finally asks “How do humans court each other?” 

norm ‘s shoulders deflated a bit, “of all people to ask, you had to choose the most single, and lonely human” 

“Wedding? And the females wear white while the males wear black?” tuk asks as she sees some wedding photos lended by scientists who were married. Norm nods, “thats right. Of course not all weddings are like that, it is traditional but many choose other colors for their weddings” he adds. 

Tuk looks at the various photos of brides, many in odd looking clothing. But all were so beautiful. Different long dresses, each unique to their own. Various flowers tuk has never seen before, and the grooms were also handsome. Wearing similar outfits but also in different styles. The more tuk learned about the concept of weddings, the more she began to form an idea. 

“So, man and woman plan a wedding, woman finds a pretty dress to wear, walks down the tiny path to meet her mate, they kiss and marry right?” she reviews, norm nods again. Sensing something is up. 

“Yes….” 

“What are you thinking about tuktuk?” Kiri asks. 

A mischievous little grin forms on tuk’s face. Her eyes sparkling with a devious glow. The expression reminds norm of the Grinch when he has a grand scheme.

Taking the day easy, jake and neytiri hold hands happily as they make their way to the village. They had a rare free day to themselves. No duties to attend to, no training, no meetings, no chasing their kids from death related troubles. None. They were free to do as they like. 

And what they wanted to do for now was stroll in the village, perhaps collect a bit of fruit. Maybe later hunt for a delicious dinner neytiri has in mind. So many possibilities. 

But….

“Woa, is it just me or are the people acting strange?” Jake asks, He and neytiri notice the odd behavior of the people. Many give them happy smiles, way too excited greetings, some even offer special gifts! 

“Is there something we missed?” Jake wonders. Neytiri tries to remember but nothing seems to remind her. 

As they walk further, there was a huddle of na’vi, all their eyes and ears facing the same direction. Jake and neytiri make their way through, and see someone giving them instructions….

“And look for white flowers! Anything will do, oh and those beads will do so nicely! Yes yes, and take the woven clothes over there! That path must be super pretty!” 

It was tuk. 

And she was giving directions to everyone like a tiny, cute boss. 

“Tuk?” Neytiri calls out in confusion. 

Her little one heard her, smiling, tuk makes her way to her parents with a happy squeal.

“Hey babygirl, what's going on?” Jake asks as he picks her up in his arms. Tuk just giggles and snuggles up to him. 

“Planning your wedding! Duh!” she responds as if that was the most obvious thing. 

“Wedding? What?” There were a lot of things going through his mind. 

Neytiri was just as confused. 

“What is a wedding?” she asks. But before tuk can happily answer, the rest of their children returns. With arms full of things. 

“Ok tuk, took us forever but we got what you needed” lo’ak said with a tired sigh. He, neteyam, kiri and spider were holding flowers, beads, baskets full of white colored cloths, and black paint. 

“Kids, what is going on?” Jake asks, more eager to know the answer. Because nothing is making any sense to him. 

“Tuk wants to make a special wedding for you guys” kiri replies as she shows tuk her findings, who nods in approval. 

“What is a wedding??” Neytiri asks a bit loudly. 

Tuk clears her voice, “a wedding is a special mating ceremony for humans. They decorate everything so pretty in white! The female wears a special gown called a wedding dress, and she walks down a flower covered path to meet her mate at the end. Where someone who holds spiritual power blesses them, the mates speak their vows and promises and kiss! Uncle norm showed me!” 

The little smiled so proudly of this knowledge being shared. 

Jake inwardly groans. Damn norm. 

“Tuk, sweetie, is that why are you doing this?” he asks another question. Tuk just rapidly nods. 

“A wedding….” Neytiri repeats, still trying to wrap her head around the idea. 

The sully family returned to their home in need of a family meeting. 

“Why…?” she asks. 

Tuk plays with her fingers, feeling more nervous by the second. 

“Well…..you and daddy tell your love story all the time. How you guys met and stuff. But you never really did any courting like everyone else. Grandma says that courting is very important, to see if the relationship is possible. I thought a wedding would be nice for you two….cause you never courted…” she explained her reason. 

Neteyam was sitting behind her, rubbing her back to sooth her. 

There were many things to go over of what she said. Jake brings tuk over to his lap, releasing a deep sigh. 

“Am I in trouble” Tuk asks worriedly. Both of her parents shake their heads. 

“No baby girl, but you can't do things like this without telling us. Or even asking, how are you sure we wanted this?” Jake pointed out as gently as he could. 

Neytiri turns her head towards her oldest four, “and all of you for not stopping her”. 

“We also thought it was a good idea…” neteyam answers while scratching the back of his head. 

“When uncle norm taught us how humans courted, tuk wasn't the only one to like the idea. And it is true what she says mom. You two never really had the chance to do it right. Why not now?” Kiri tries with calmness in her voice. Knowing her mother is very short tempered when it comes to anything human related. 

Neytiri and jake look at each other, a special communication between them. 

“You did take me straight to the tree after my trials were finished….” jake reasoned. Neytiri rolls her eyes but fondly remembers that night. Yes, she did, she was not going to let him slip away now could she? 

And there really was no room for courting since the war started literally the next day.

Going over her options, Neytiri turns to tuk and jake. 

“How does human courting work…?” 

Whatever pace the people were working at, doubled. By either prayers, or some miracle of Eywa, neytiri accepted to wed in the human custom. Tuk wasted no time and needed back up from the help of uncle norm. Who became her second in command in all of the organization. 

Her siblings become her little servants, repeating her orders to the people. 

And someone had a big role to play. 

“Come ma’ite, we must get you fitted” mo’at say with a bright smile on her face. Gently she tugs neytiri to her hut, kiri and other fellow na’vi woman takes her away. 

“Fitted for what?” neytiri asks, feeling a bit excited for whatever is to come. 

“For your wedding dress mom” kiri replies. Closing the flaps of the hut, the ladies began to work their magic. 

While on the other side, jake was being taken to a different hut, being led by his three sons. 

“Seriously?” jake says while raising an eyebrow. 

“Tuk’s orders” lo’ak grins a bit smugly. 

A few handful of Jake's friends entered the hut with him, with preparations of getting him ready. 

“Oh, and dont forget to write your vows!” spider reminds as he snaps fingers in remembering what tuk told him. 

“My vows?” 

“This is going to take awhile” 

“Oh yeah, its all coming together” tuk says, pride grows in her little heart as the wedding decorations and the set up is nearly completed. 

Norm was beside her, whistling impressed. “Gotta hand it to you tuk, you do know how to design” he compliments. This makes little tuk humph with glee. 

They were at the spirit tree, white veils, flowers, the Atokrinia’s floating around elegantly. Her image displayed ever so perfectly. 

“Ok, it's all set tuk!” lo’ak says as he with kiri, spider and neteyam arrive. 

“Good! So we are good to go!” 

“Almost” kiri teases. 

“We just need one more thing” neteyam smiles, but tuk was panicking a little. 

“Did we forget something? It's the bells, isn't it? Dang it I should have-” she was interrupted mid sentence when she felt something land on her head. 

Looking at what it was, it was a flower crown. 

“A wedding isn't complete without a flower girl” spider says. Gasping in happiness and surprised, tuk shouts in great joy. 

“Come on, we still got time!” the three siblings drag tuk away to have her be the prettiest flower girl pandora has ever seen!

The flutes began to play, releasing harmonic sounds as the notes echoed to the people’s ears. Ninat taking the lead of the melodious choir, her voice and the others balance with the instruments. In tune to perfection. 

The Atokirina floating all around, giving the path a heavenly glow. 

The people sat anxiously, all in rows as they respectfully cleared one long path. 

A path the tuk carefully walks through as she delicately lays flower petals. A flower crown on her head, wearing the cutest light pink loin cloth and pearl like bead top. Tuk truly looked like a flower girl. Behind her was the bride. Her beautiful mother, The one where all eyes go to see. 

Neytiri walks gracefully on the path her daughter leads. Wearing an all white outfit, her loincloth, her top, her head piece, and the veil she wears. All white. Her hair braided loosely behind, flowers decorated on her hair as well. Neytiri never felt more beautiful than she did at this moment. With a bouquet of flowers she holds tightly, her eyes search for her mate. The love of her life, Jake. 

At the alter, at the root base of the spirit tree was Jake. In all of his might glower, wearing a black loin cloth as his warrior armor at the waist, his hair braided in the similar fashion he wore during the war. Feather and bead amended to the braids, and small black paint to enhance his handsomeness. Jake looked so good it made neytiri want to run towards his arms. 

As they reached the altar, tuk took her place beside kiri who was wearing a style similar to tuk. Neteyam, spider and lo’ak beside their father as they admire their mother. 

Jake offers his hand to which neytiri happily accepts. Removing the veil to reveal her beautiful face, jake could help but mutter “beautiful” in awe. Together they both turn to face mo’at who smiles with heavenly joy. 

“Welcome everyone. Today, we gather in great celebration to bring these two wonderful people into union. Through trials and tribulations, these two souls have been challenged time and time again. But their love has pulled them through. Proving to us all that love truly conquers all. That being with your true one, anything can be accomplished” 

mo’at gestures to Neytiri and Jake that it was time to say their vows. 

But as they speak, tuk listened as best as she could. Hearing her parents story over and over never waivered with time. If anything it only sounded better each time. And hearing their vows right before her big eyes, it was adding a whole new perspective. 

Yes, tuk is a sucker for romantic things. Even if her siblings tease her, tuk won't stop. And seeing this made her love romance even more. 

“And by the great blessing of our great mother Eywa, I can now happily announce, Jake and neytiri as husband and wife! You may now-” 

Neytiri didnt let her mother finish as she dragged Jake down to kiss him like her life depended on it. Jake happily reciprocates. 

The na’vi cheered in celebration. Applause, screeches, everything was heard. 

Tuk sighs dreamily as she sees her parents kiss. 

“I can't wait to get married” 

Kiri: “never” 

Spider: "nope"

Lo’ak: “not gonna happen” 

Neteyam: “over my dead body”

Okie so this kinda became a tuk main story but I like it how it turned out. What do you guys think? Until next time! See ya!

[calabria-mediterranea]

Southern Italy's Calabria in the footsteps of the poet Edward Lear: Gerace

Written by Italian Gems

During his travels around the southern Italian region of Calabria in 1847, the English poet and artist Edward Lear stopped in Gerace and reserved significant praise for this town, which is perched on a 500m-high cliff near Locri.

In the diaries he wrote about his trip (Journals of a Landscape Painter in Southern Calabria), the author of “The Owl and the Pussycat” nonsense poem said Gerace was “by far the grandest and proudest object in general position, and as a city, which we have yet seen in Calabria”.

He admired both “the beautifully placed buildings” as well as the views: “the great height at which this place is situated, and its isolated site, give it a command of views the most wide and beautiful in character”.

When I approached Gerace by car, the modern town in the distance looked quite different than that drawn by Lear, though I could recognise the landscape in his depiction.

According to local legends, Gerace’s early settlers were guided here from Locri by a sparrowhawk. A discovery of the remains of a prehistoric necropolis show however that the table-like hilltop was inhabited as far back as the Neolithic age. It was chosen by refugees from Locri due to its safety and ease of defence, as the eastern coast of Calabria used to be at risk of Saracen invasions.

Under Norman rule it became a rich and powerful town, with many churches, convents and monasteries built within and around it. The old medieval town is still mostly intact, and includes some architectural gems, above all the cathedral, which is the biggest church in Calabria.

Consecrated in 1045, it has preserved a lot of its original form despite adaptations following earthquakes. Combining Byzantine structure with typical Norman characteristics, the cathedral used to be covered in frescoes, though it now has a plain, simple beauty.

Several of the columns in the main building come from the ruins of the ancient city of Locri.

I also liked the chapel of the Madonna of Itria in the crypt of the church, which originally contained a “Hodegetria” – an eastern Christian icon of Mary holding Jesus and pointing to him as the route to mankind’s salvation. A statue of Mary and Jesus now stands in its place.

After our visit to the cathedral, we wandered around the centre of Gerace and up and down its lanes and alleyways. Lear’s words remain true to this day when he said “each rock, shrine, and building at Gerace seems arranged and coloured on purpose for artists, and the union of lines formed by nature and art is perfectly delicious”.

As Gerace is so steeply situated, I thought that it may not be a very busy town, but I was quite surprised. It actually seemed much more alive and buzzing with local people than several other villages and towns we visited nearby.

On the other side of the town, we came to Porta del Sole, one of twelve gates that were part of Gerace’s defence system. Its name relates to the fact that it faces eastwards and so the sun’s rays shine through its arch at dawn.

Follow us on Instagram, @calabria_mediterranea

[travelworldwithtravelarii]

Top 25 Italian Destinations Every First-Time Visitor Should See!

Italy, a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty, is a dream destination for many travelers. From ancient ruins to picturesque coastal towns, Italy offers a diverse array of experiences that cater to every type of traveler. For those visiting Italy for the first time, it can be overwhelming to decide where to start. Here, we present Italy’s Top 25 Must-See Destinations, a list that encapsulates the essence of this magnificent country and ensures you don't miss any of its iconic sights.

1. Rome (Roma)

The capital city, Rome, is a blend of ancient history and vibrant modern culture. Don't miss the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Pantheon. The Vatican City, home to St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, is a must-visit.

2. Florence

Florence, the cradle of the Renaissance, is renowned for its art and architecture. The Uffizi Gallery, Florence Cathedral, and Ponte Vecchio are just a few highlights.

3. Cinque Terre

Cinque Terre is a picturesque coastal region composed of five charming villages. The colorful houses perched on cliffs, stunning sea views, and scenic hiking trails make it a favorite among visitors.

4. Venice

Known for its canals and gondolas, Venice is a unique city built on water. St. Mark's Basilica, the Doge's Palace, and the Rialto Bridge are must-see landmarks.

5. The Amalfi Coast

The Amalfi Coast offers breathtaking views, stunning beaches, and charming towns like Positano and Amalfi. It's a perfect place for a scenic drive or a relaxing coastal getaway.

6. Pompeii

The ancient city of Pompeii, buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, offers a fascinating glimpse into Roman life. The well-preserved ruins include houses, temples, and theaters.

7. Matera

Matera is famous for its ancient cave dwellings, known as Sassi. It's one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities and offers a unique historical experience.

8. The Dolomites

The Dolomites, a mountain range in northern Italy, are perfect for outdoor enthusiasts. With stunning landscapes, hiking trails, and ski resorts, it's a year-round destination.

9. Lake Como

Lake Como is renowned for its dramatic scenery, luxurious villas, and charming towns. It's a popular destination for relaxation and water sports.

10. Bologna

Bologna is a vibrant city known for its medieval towers, beautiful piazzas, and culinary delights. Don't miss the Two Towers and the University of Bologna, one of the oldest universities in the world.

11. Turin

Turin is a city with a rich history and a strong industrial heritage. It's known for its elegant architecture, museums, and the famous Shroud of Turin.

12. Palermo, Sicily

Palermo, the capital of Sicily, is a city of contrasts with a rich cultural heritage. Visit the Palermo Cathedral, the Norman Palace, and the bustling markets.

13. Valley of the Temples, Sicily

The Valley of the Temples is an archaeological site in Agrigento, Sicily, with well-preserved ancient Greek temples. It's a UNESCO World Heritage site and a must-see for history enthusiasts.

14. Alberobello

Alberobello is famous for its unique trulli houses, whitewashed stone huts with conical roofs. This picturesque town is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

15. Siena

Siena is a medieval city known for its stunning cathedral, the Piazza del Campo, and the Palio horse race. It's a city with a rich history and vibrant traditions.

16. Milan

Milan is Italy's fashion and design capital. Visit the iconic Duomo, the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, and enjoy high-end shopping in the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II.

17. Colosseum

The Colosseum in Rome is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. This ancient amphitheater is a testament to Roman engineering and a symbol of the city's rich history.

18. Naples

Naples is a city with a unique character, known for its vibrant street life and delicious cuisine. Visit the Naples National Archaeological Museum and take a trip to nearby Mount Vesuvius and Pompeii.

19. Verona

Verona is the city of Romeo and Juliet, with a charming historic center and a well-preserved Roman arena. It's a city of romance and culture.

20. Pisa

Pisa is famous for its Leaning Tower, but the city also offers beautiful squares and historic churches. The Piazza dei Miracoli is a must-visit.

21. Tuscany

Tuscany is a region of rolling hills, vineyards, and charming villages. Visit cities like Florence, Siena, and Pisa, and enjoy the region's renowned wine and cuisine.

22. Capri

Capri is an island known for its rugged landscape, upscale hotels, and shopping. Don't miss the Blue Grotto, a stunning sea cave illuminated by blue light.

23. Vatican Museums

The Vatican Museums in Vatican City house some of the world's most important art collections, including the Sistine Chapel ceiling painted by Michelangelo.

24. Positano

Positano is a picturesque town on the Amalfi Coast with steep streets, beautiful beaches, and colorful buildings. It's a perfect destination for a relaxing seaside getaway.

25. Elba

Elba is an island in the Tuscan Archipelago known for its clear waters, beautiful beaches, and outdoor activities. It's a great destination for nature lovers and history buffs.

Italy's top 25 must-see destinations offer a diverse array of experiences, from historical landmarks and stunning landscapes to vibrant cities and charming towns. Whether you're exploring ancient ruins, indulging in delicious cuisine, or simply soaking in the beauty of the Italian countryside, each destination promises an unforgettable adventure.

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Ultimate Holiday Villa Rental in Amalfi Coast

Introduction

The Amalfi Coast, with its stunning landscapes, picturesque towns, and azure waters, is a dream destination for many. This iconic stretch of Italian coastline is known for its dramatic cliffs, charming villages, and luxurious accommodations. Among the most sought-after places to stay, Villa Costa Degli Dei stands out as a premier holiday villa rental that promises an unforgettable experience. This blog delves into what makes Villa Costa Degli Dei the ultimate choice for a holiday on the Amalfi Coast, exploring its features, amenities, and the unique experiences it offers.

1. The Allure of the Amalfi Coast

1.1 A Brief Overview

The Amalfi Coast, located in the Campania region of Italy, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its breathtaking beauty and rich cultural heritage. The coastline stretches for about 50 kilometers, from the Gulf of Naples to the Gulf of Salerno, featuring some of Italy’s most iconic towns, including Positano, Amalfi, and Ravello.

1.2 Natural Beauty and Scenery

The Amalfi Coast is famed for its dramatic cliffs, lush vegetation, and sparkling waters. The region’s unique topography, with steep mountainsides plunging into the sea, creates stunning vistas that have captivated artists, writers, and travelers for centuries. The coastal roads, winding through lemon groves and terraced vineyards, offer panoramic views that are simply unforgettable.

1.3 Cultural and Historical Significance

Beyond its natural beauty, the Amalfi Coast is steeped in history and culture. The towns along the coast boast a rich heritage, with historical architecture, ancient churches, and museums showcasing the area’s past. The region has been a melting pot of cultures, influenced by the Greeks, Romans, and Normans, each leaving their mark on the local culture and traditions.

2. Introducing Villa Costa Degli Dei

2.1 Location and Setting

Villa Costa Degli Dei is perfectly situated to provide guests with the best of the Amalfi Coast. Located in a prime position overlooking the sea, the villa offers breathtaking views of the coastline and the Mediterranean. Its location provides a sense of privacy and tranquility, while still being conveniently close to the region’s main attractions and towns.

2.2 Architectural Elegance and Design

The villa’s design is a harmonious blend of traditional Mediterranean architecture and modern luxury. The exterior features classic elements such as whitewashed walls, arched windows, and terracotta roof tiles, all characteristic of the region’s architectural style. Inside, the villa is spacious and elegantly decorated, with high ceilings, marble floors, and tasteful furnishings that create a luxurious yet comfortable atmosphere.

2.3 Luxury Amenities and Features

Villa Costa Degli Dei is equipped with a wide range of luxury amenities to ensure a comfortable and memorable stay. The villa includes multiple bedrooms and bathrooms, a gourmet kitchen, and expansive living and dining areas. Outdoor spaces include a private infinity pool, sun terraces, and beautifully landscaped gardens, providing the perfect setting for relaxation and entertainment.

3. Accommodations and Comfort

3.1 Bedrooms and Suites

The villa offers several beautifully appointed bedrooms and suites, each designed to provide a luxurious retreat for guests. The rooms are spacious and elegantly furnished, with high-quality linens, comfortable beds, and stylish decor. Many rooms feature private balconies or terraces with stunning sea views, creating a serene and peaceful environment.

3.2 Living and Dining Areas

The living and dining areas at Villa Costa Degli Dei are designed for both relaxation and entertainment. The living room features comfortable seating, a fireplace, and large windows that offer panoramic views of the sea and coastline. The dining area is perfect for hosting meals, with a large dining table and an open-plan layout that connects seamlessly to the kitchen and outdoor spaces.

3.3 Outdoor Spaces

The villa’s outdoor spaces are truly exceptional, offering multiple areas for relaxation and enjoyment. The private infinity pool is a standout feature, with its stunning views and comfortable lounge chairs for sunbathing. The sun terraces and gardens are beautifully landscaped, providing a lush and tranquil setting. There is also an outdoor dining area, perfect for enjoying al fresco meals while taking in the breathtaking views.

4. Unique Experiences and Activities

4.1 Exploring the Amalfi Coast

Staying at Villa Costa Degli Dei provides an excellent opportunity to explore the wonders of the Amalfi Coast. The villa’s convenient location makes it easy to visit the charming towns of Positano, Amalfi, and Ravello, each offering unique attractions and experiences. Positano is known for its steep, narrow streets and vibrant shops, while Amalfi boasts a rich maritime history and stunning cathedral. Ravello, perched high above the coast, offers some of the best views in the region and is famous for its beautiful gardens and cultural festivals.

4.2 Boat Tours and Excursions

The Amalfi Coast is best explored from the sea, and a boat tour is a must-do activity. Guests can charter a private yacht or join a guided tour to explore the coastline, visit hidden coves, and swim in crystal-clear waters. Popular excursions include trips to the island of Capri, known for its Blue Grotto and luxury shopping, and the nearby town of Sorrento, famous for its lemon groves and vibrant piazzas.

4.3 Culinary Experiences

The Amalfi Coast is renowned for its culinary delights, and Villa Costa Degli Dei offers a range of gourmet experiences. Guests can enjoy private chef services, with meals prepared using fresh, local ingredients. The villa can also arrange cooking classes, where guests can learn to make traditional Italian dishes, such as handmade pasta, fresh seafood, and delectable desserts. For those interested in wine, the region offers excellent wine-tasting experiences, showcasing local wines such as Greco di Tufo and Falanghina.

5. Personalized Services and Amenities

5.1 Concierge and Guest Services

Villa Costa Degli Dei offers personalized concierge services to cater to guests’ every need. The villa’s staff can assist with arranging airport transfers, booking excursions, and making restaurant reservations. They can also provide recommendations for local attractions and activities, ensuring that guests make the most of their time on the Amalfi Coast.

5.2 Wellness and Spa Services

For those looking to relax and rejuvenate, the villa offers a range of wellness and spa services. Guests can enjoy in-villa massages, facials, and other treatments, provided by professional therapists. The villa can also arrange private yoga and fitness sessions, allowing guests to maintain their wellness routine while on holiday.

5.3 Special Events and Celebrations

Villa Costa Degli Dei is the perfect venue for special events and celebrations. Whether you’re planning a wedding, anniversary, or birthday party, the villa offers a stunning setting and a range of services to make your event unforgettable. The villa’s staff can assist with event planning and coordination, including arranging catering, entertainment, and decor.

6. Sustainability and Eco-Friendly Practices

6.1 Commitment to Sustainability

Villa Costa Degli Dei is committed to sustainability and eco-friendly practices. The villa has implemented a range of measures to reduce its environmental impact, including energy-efficient lighting, water-saving fixtures, and a recycling program. The villa also supports local artisans and producers, using locally sourced and organic products whenever possible.

6.2 Eco-Friendly Amenities

The villa offers a range of eco-friendly amenities, including organic toiletries, reusable water bottles, and eco-friendly cleaning products. Guests are encouraged to participate in the villa’s sustainability efforts, such as minimizing water and energy use and recycling waste.

7. Booking and Contact Information

7.1 How to Book Your Stay

Booking your stay at Villa Costa Degli Dei is easy and convenient. You can make a reservation directly through the villa’s website or by contacting their reservations team. The villa offers flexible booking options, including short stays and extended vacations.

7.2 Contact Information

For more information or to book your stay, you can contact Villa Costa Degli Dei at:

Phone: +39 3890954883

Email: villacostadeglidei@gmail.com

Website: https://www.villacostadeglidei.it/

Conclusion

Villa Costa Degli Dei offers a luxurious and unforgettable holiday experience on the Amalfi Coast. With its stunning location, elegant design, and exceptional amenities, the villa provides the perfect setting for a relaxing and enjoyable stay. Whether you’re looking to explore the rich history and culture of the Amalfi Coast, enjoy gourmet cuisine, or simply relax by the pool with breathtaking views, Villa Costa Degli Dei has something for everyone.

Book your stay today and discover the magic of the Amalfi Coast and the luxury of Villa Costa Degli Dei. Whether you’re planning a romantic getaway, a family vacation, or a special celebration, the villa offers everything you need for a perfect holiday. Experience the best of Italian hospitality and luxury at Villa Costa Degli Dei, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

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Heritage and Innovation: A Reunion at Wimbledon House

On a bright summer morning, the Wimbledon House hums with anticipation. Recently shortlisted for the British Homes Awards 2024 'House of the Year,' this low-energy timber-framed home designed by Erbar Mattes is about to host two legendary figures in architecture, David Chipperfield and Norman Foster. Joining them is an unexpected yet fitting guest—Orinoco, the Womble.

The visit is not just an ordinary tour but a meaningful reunion. Demian Erbar and Holger Mattes, the founders of Erbar Mattes, honed their skills at David Chipperfield Architects, where they absorbed David’s profound insights into architecture and design. David, in turn, was shaped by his formative years working with Norman Foster, whose influence is evident in his meticulous attention to detail and innovative approach.

As the group gathers in the light-filled double-height cooking and dining area, facing the tall 17th-century boundary wall, Demian and Holger share the story behind the house. "This project embodies everything we learned during our time with you, David," Holger begins. "From the meticulous attention to detail to the respect for the context and history."

David, visibly moved, responds, "The way you've integrated the sloping roofs and the sympathetic scale of the building into the surrounding gardens is truly remarkable. It speaks volumes about your understanding of context and history."

Norman, always the futurist, examines the ground source heat pump and the ventilation system with heat recovery. "Your use of sustainable materials and energy-efficient systems is commendable," he says, noting the use of Accoya timber and the innovative timber structure. "This is exactly the kind of forward-thinking design we need more of."

As they move through the house, Orinoco, the Womble, joins the conversation, adding a whimsical yet profound perspective. "This boundary wall has seen centuries of change," he muses. "And now it witnesses a house that respects its history while looking to the future."

David nods in agreement. "Architecture is indeed a dialogue between the past and the present. This house exemplifies that dialogue beautifully. The reuse of materials, like the water-struck clay bricks, ensures that even as we build new, we honor the old."

Norman, considering the house’s design and its impact, adds, "It’s about creating spaces that are not only functional and beautiful but also sustainable. The solid concrete floor with underfloor heating provides thermal mass, regulating internal temperature and enhancing comfort—elements that are crucial for the future of residential design."

Orinoco, always the environmental steward, smiles. "And in doing so, you create a home that not only fits within the narrative of Wimbledon Village but also helps write a new chapter. One where we live in harmony with our environment."

Holger and Demian share a glance of satisfaction. Holger speaks up, "Our time with you, David, and the lessons you passed on from Norman, have deeply influenced our approach. It's about attention to detail and going beyond expectations."

Demian adds, "Our practice's foundation is built on those principles. This house, with its openness and through views, aims to enhance its surroundings and contribute to the community."

As the tour concludes, the group stands in the garden, looking back at the house. David, Norman, and Orinoco acknowledge the achievement of Erbar Mattes. The house, in its essence, captures the lineage of architectural thought passed down through generations and the ever-evolving dialogue between heritage and innovation.

"Your work here is a beacon for the future," David says, shaking their hands. "It shows that respecting history and embracing modernity can coexist harmoniously."

Norman agrees, adding, "This house is not just a building; it's a statement. A testament to thoughtful design and sustainable living."

Orinoco, ever the storyteller, concludes with a smile, "And so, in the heart of Wimbledon, a new story begins. One that honors the past, embraces the present, and looks forward to a sustainable future."

As they part ways, the Wimbledon House stands proud—a symbol of architectural excellence and a bridge between eras, watched over by the boundary wall that has seen it all.

#WimbledonHouse #SustainableDesign #ArchitecturalInnovation #HeritageMeetsModernity #ErbarMattes #DavidChipperfield #NormanFoster #LowEnergyHome #TimberFrameConstruction #BritishHomesAwards

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Old Gressingham Books...

So there are a bunch of books about Gressingham starting with the really old one the Normans wrote which said just a few words. Then there was Chippindall who apparently lived in Kirkby in Fairbank Cottage. He wrote this one you can see here as a PDF.

Then in 2000 there was the Milennium Book which had old photos and a page about everyone in the village, written by them. Colin Croft was the oldest person in the village at that time and he shared lots of his photos and memories which helped set the tone for much of the historic intro.

See the Colin's photos as files See Colin's photos in album view